Development of Composite Deprivation Index for Korea: the Correlation with Standardized Mortality Ratio
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Eprints.Whiterose.Ac.Uk
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by White Rose Research Online promoting access to White Rose research papers Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ This is an author produced version of a paper published in Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/76875/ Paper: Norman, PD (2010) Identifying change over time in small area socio-economic deprivation. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 3 (2-3). 107 - 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12061-009-9036-6 White Rose Research Online [email protected] Identifying change over time in small area socio-economic deprivation Paul Norman School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK * Correspondence to: Paul Norman School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds, LS2 9JT Tel: +44 (0)113 34 38199 Fax: +44 (0)113 34 33308 [email protected] Please cite as: Norman P (2010) Identifying change over time in small area socio-economic deprivation. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 3(2-3) 107-138 1 Identifying change over time in small area socio-demographic deprivation Abstract The measurement of area level deprivation is the subject of a wide and ongoing debate regarding the appropriateness of the geographical scale of analysis, the input indicator variables and the method used to combine them into a single figure index. Whilst differences exist, there are strong correlations between schemes. Many policy-related and academic studies use deprivation scores calculated cross-sectionally to identify areas in need of regeneration and to explain variations in health outcomes. -
Social Pathogenic Sources of Poor Community Health
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2007 Social Pathogenic Sources Of Poor Community Health Hayden Smith University of Central Florida Part of the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Smith, Hayden, "Social Pathogenic Sources Of Poor Community Health" (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 3355. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3355 SOCIAL PATHOGENIC SOURCES OF POOR COMMUNITY HEALTH by HAYDEN P. SMITH B.Ed. University of Wollongong, Australia, 1992 M.S. University of Central Florida, 2003 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Affairs in the College of Health and Public Affairs at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2007 Major Professor: Thomas T.H. Wan © 2007 Hayden P. Smith ii ABSTRACT The United States currently provides a health care system that is neither efficient nor equitable. Despite outspending the world on health care, over three-fourths of developed countries produce better health outcomes (Auerbach et al., 2000). Simultaneously, the “Ecological School of Thought” has documented the large impact that social, economic, and environmental circumstances play in health outcomes. Unfortunately, these ‘ecological” studies are frequently conducted without theoretical justification, and rely solely on a cross-sectional research design and a myriad of unrelated variables. -
Stewart, Joanna L. (2016) Glasgow's Spatial Arrangement of Deprivation Over Time: Methods to Measure It and Meanings for Health
Stewart, Joanna L. (2016) Glasgow's spatial arrangement of deprivation over time: methods to measure it and meanings for health. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7936/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Glasgow’s spatial arrangement of deprivation over time: methods to measure it, and meanings for health. Joanna L. Stewart BA (Hons) MRes MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Institute of Health and Wellbeing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow July 2016 © [Joanna L. Stewart] [July 2016] 2 Abstract Background Socio-economic deprivation is a key driver of population health. High levels of socio-economic deprivation have long been offered as the explanation for exceptionally high levels of mortality in Glasgow, Scotland. A number of recent studies have, however, suggested that this explanation is partial. Comparisons with Liverpool and Manchester suggest that mortality rates have been higher in Glasgow since the 1970s despite very similar levels of deprivation in these three cities. -
Glasgow Effect
Excess mortality in the Glasgow conurbation: exploring the existence of a Glasgow effect James Martin Reid MSci Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD University of Glasgow Faculty of Medicine, Section of Public Health and Health Policy September 2008 ii Abstract Introduction There exists a ‘Scottish effect’, a residue of excess mortality that remains for Scotland relative to England and Wales after standardising for age, sex and local area deprivation status. This residue is largest for the most deprived segments of the Scottish population. Most Scottish areas that can be classified as deprived are located in West Central Scotland and, in particular, the City of Glasgow. Therefore the central aim of this thesis is to establish the existence of a similar ‘Glasgow effect’ and identify if the relationship between deprivation and all cause mortality is different in Glasgow to what is in other, comparable cities in the UK. Methods A method to compare the deprivation status of several UK cities was devised using the deprivation score first calculated by Carstairs and Morris. The population of mainland UK was broken into deciles according to the Carstairs score of Scottish postcode sectors and English wards. Deprivation profiles for particular cities were drawn according to the percentage of the local population that lived in each Carstairs decile. Using data from the three censuses since 1981, longitudinal trends in relative deprivation status for each city could be observed. Analysis of death rates in cities was also undertaken. Two methods were used to compare death rates in cities. Indirect standardisation was used to compare death rates adjusting for the categorical variables of age group, sex and Carstairs decile of postcode sector or ward of residence. -
Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Suicidal Behaviour Report March 2017 Page No
SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR Full report March 2017 1 CONTENTS Socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour report March 2017 Page No. Chapter 1 3 Introduction Chapter 2: Professor Clare Bambra & Dr Joanne Cairns 8 The impact of place on suicidal behaviour Chapter 3: Associate professor David McDaid 32 Socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour during times of economic recession and recovery Chapter 4: Dr Elke Heins 69 Social and labour market policies and suicidal behaviour Chapter 5: Professor Rory O’Connor & Dr Olivia Kirtley 94 Socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour: psychological factors Chapter 6: Dr Amy Chandler 126 Explaining the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage, self-harm and suicide: a qualitative synthesis of the accounts of those who have self-harmed Chapter 7: Dr Katherine Smith 152 In their own words: How do people in the UK understand the impacts of socioeconomic disadvantage on their mental health and risk factors for suicide? Chapter 8 175 Conclusions Chapter 9 179 Recommendations Thanks to everyone who has contributed to the development and production of this report. 2 Chapter 1: Introduction Suicide is a public health issue Suicide is a complex and multi-faceted behaviour, resulting from a wide range of genetic, psychological, psychiatric, social, economic and cultural risk factors which interact to increase vulnerability to trauma and adversity in individuals, communities and society as a whole. The socio-ecological model proposed by the World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2014) identifies several types (or levels) of risk factors: health system (e.g. barriers to accessing care in the health system); societal (e.g. easy access to means of suicide); community (e.g. -
Children Aged 0-14 Years Living in Poverty
CHILDREN AGED 0-14 YEARS LIVING IN POVERTY GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Issues Perinatal diseases Respiratory diseases Diarrhoeal diseases Physical injuries Type of Exposure (distal/driving force) indicator Can also be used as a measure of action in relation to social policy. Rationale Poverty is a major risk factor for children's environmental health. It operates in three main ways. First, because of what has been termed environmental injustice, there is a marked tendency for the poorest in society to be more exposed to environmental hazards. This occurs both because the poor are more likely to live in inadequate housing, and in more hazardous areas, and because there is a tendency for polluting industries and other activities to congregate in poorer areas (e.g. because of lower land prices, less strict regulations and less effective opposition from the communities involved). Secondly, poverty tends to be associated with more harmful (or less self- protective) lifestyles and behaviours, for example in terms of diet, smoking, exercise and drug usage, both because of lack of awareness of the risks concerned and the lack of resources to avoid them. Thirdly, poverty makes it harder for those at risk to obtain treatment or help, often because of their remoteness from the necessary services, their lack of resources to access them and – in some cases – inherent biases and inadequacies within the services themselves. As a result, almost all environmental health effects show strong associations with poverty. Poverty thus represents an important, complex and inter-related set of social and environmental risks that cannot easily be separately specified. It also acts as an important confounder and modifier to relationships between many other risk factors and human health. -
Thomas Laurie Clemens Phd Thesis
A PRICE NOT WORTH PAYING: USING CAUSAL EFFECT MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKLESSNESS AND MORTALITY FOR MALE INDIVIDUALS IN SCOTLAND Thomas Laurie Clemens A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2012 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4036 This item is protected by original copyright A PRICE NOT WORTH PAYING: USING CAUSAL EFFECT MODELLING TO EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKLESSNESS AND MORTALITY FOR MALE INDIVIDUALS IN SCOTLAND THOMAS LAURIE CLEMENS A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF PHD AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS 2012 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Thomas Clemens, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 63,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2006 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D in September 2007 the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2007 and 2012. Date signature of candidate 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Ph.D in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. -
The Index of Local Area Relative Disadvantage a Cross-Country Comparison
The Index of Local Area Relative Disadvantage A Cross-Country Comparison By Anthony Buttaro, Jr. and Ludovica Gambaro Centre for Longitudinal Studies Working paper 2018/3 Contact the author Anthony Buttaro Jr Visiting Academic Centre for Longitudinal Studies University College London [email protected] This working paper was first published in August, 2018 by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education University College London 20 Bedford Way London WC1H 0AL www.cls.ioe.ac.uk The Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) is an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Resource Centre based at the UCL Institution of Education (IOE). It manages four internationally-renowned cohort studies: the 1958 National Child Development Study, the 1970 British Cohort Study, Next Steps, and the Millennium Cohort Study. For more information, visit www.cls.ioe.ac.uk. The views expressed in this work are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of CLS, the IOE or the ESRC. All errors and omissions remain those of the author. This document is available in alternative formats. Please contact the Centre for Longitudinal Studies. tel: +44 (0)20 7612 6875 email: [email protected] Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 2. MOTIVATING CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................. 2 3. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................... -
GLA147851 Hypothesis Report
ACCOUNTING FOR SCOTLAND’S EXCESS MORTALITY: TOWARDS A SYNTHESIS Gerry McCartney, Chik Collins, David Walsh & David Batty April 2011 Glasgow Centre for Population Health CONTENTS Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Methods ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................................................. 73 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................................. 75 Appendix ................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Children Aged 0-14 Years Living in Poverty
CHILDREN AGED 0-14 YEARS LIVING IN POVERTY GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Issues Perinatal diseases Respiratory diseases Diarrhoeal diseases Physical injuries Type of Exposure (distal/driving force) indicator Can also be used as a measure of action in relation to social policy. Rationale Poverty is a major risk factor for children's environmental health. It operates in three main ways. First, because of what has been termed environmental injustice, there is a marked tendency for the poorest in society to be more exposed to environmental hazards. This occurs both because the poor are more likely to live in inadequate housing, and in more hazardous areas, and because there is a tendency for polluting industries and other activities to congregate in poorer areas (e.g. because of lower land prices, less strict regulations and less effective opposition from the communities involved). Secondly, poverty tends to be associated with more harmful (or less self- protective) lifestyles and behaviours, for example in terms of diet, smoking, exercise and drug usage, both because of lack of awareness of the risks concerned and the lack of resources to avoid them. Thirdly, poverty makes it harder for those at risk to obtain treatment or help, often because of their remoteness from the necessary services, their lack of resources to access them and – in some cases – inherent biases and inadequacies within the services themselves. As a result, almost all environmental health effects show strong associations with poverty. Poverty thus represents an important, complex and inter-related set of social and environmental risks that cannot easily be separately specified. It also acts as an important confounder and modifier to relationships between many other risk factors and human health. -
Geocoding and Monitoring of US Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality and Cancer Incidence: Does the Choice of Area-Based Measure and Geographic Level Matter?
American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 156, No. 5 Copyright © 2002 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwf068 Geocoding and Monitoring of US Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality and Cancer Incidence: Does the Choice of Area-based Measure and Geographic Level Matter? The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, Pamela D. Waterman, Mah-Jabeen Soobader, S. V. Subramanian, and Rosa Carson From the Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Received for publication October 18, 2001; accepted for publication May 7, 2002. Despite the promise of geocoding and use of area-based socioeconomic measures to overcome the paucity of socioeconomic data in US public health surveillance systems, no consensus exists as to which measures should be used or at which level of geography. The authors generated diverse single-variable and composite area-based socioeconomic measures at the census tract, block group, and zip code level for Massachusetts (1990 population: 6,016,425) and Rhode Island (1990 population: 1,003,464) to investigate their associations with mortality rates (1989–1991: 156,366 resident deaths in Massachusetts and 27,291 in Rhode Island) and incidence of primary invasive cancer (1988–1992: 140,610 resident cases in Massachusetts; 1989–1992: 19,808 resident cases in Rhode Island). Analyses of all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates and all-cause and site- specific cancer incidence rates indicated that: 1) block group and tract socioeconomic measures performed comparably within and across both states, but zip code measures for several outcomes detected no gradients or gradients contrary to those observed with tract and block group measures; 2) similar gradients were detected with categories generated by quintiles and by a priori categorical cutpoints; and 3) measures including data on economic poverty were most robust and detected gradients that were unobserved using measures of only education and wealth. -
Does Relative Deprivation Predict the Need for Mental Health Services?
The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics J Ment Health Policy Econ 7, 167-175 (2004) Does Relative Deprivation Predict the Need for Mental Health Services? Christine Eibner,1* Roland Sturm,2 Carole Roan Gresenz3 1Ph.D., Associate Economist, RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, USA 2Ph.D., Senior Economist, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA 3Ph.D., Economist, RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, USA Abstract Results: Even after controlling for an individual’s absolute income status, those with low relative income are at higher risk of experiencing a mental health disorder. Our findings hold for both Background: Several studies postulate that psychological depressive disorders and anxiety/panic disorders. conditions may contribute to the link between low relative income Discussion/Limitations: Our findings suggest that relative and poor health, but no one has directly tested the relationship deprivation is associated with an increased likelihood of probable between relative deprivation and mental health disorders. In this depression and anxiety or panic disorders. Simulations suggest that paper, we investigate whether low income relative to a reference a 25 percent decrease in relative deprivation could decrease the group is associated with a higher probability of depressive disorders probability of any likely mental healthdisorderbyasmuchas9.5 or anxiety disorders. Reference groups are defined using groups of percent. Limitations of this study include the fact that we only have individuals with similar demographic and geographic one measure of relative deprivation, and that reference groups are characteristics. We hypothesize that perceptions of low social status defined using relatively large geographic areas. relative to one’s reference group might lead to worse health Implications for Health Policy: Low relative income may outcomes.