From a Wide Cros-Section Journalists Teachers. the Testimony Ranges
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 056 922 SO 001 609 AUTHOR Morrissett, Irving, Ed.; Wiley, KarenB., Ed. TITLE The Environmental Problem.Selections from Hearings on the EnvironmentalEducation Act of 1970. INSTITUTION ERIC Clearinghouse forsocial Studies/Social Science Education, Boulder, Colo.; SocialScience Education Consortium, Inc., Boulder, Colo. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW),Washington, D.C. REPORT NO REFS-3; SSEc-Pub-140 PUB DATE 71 NoTE 239p. AVAILABLE FROMSocial Science EducationConsortium, Inc., 855 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80302(Paperback, $6.95; Hard Copy, $8.95) EDRS PRICE MP-$0.65 HC Not Available fromEDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Ecology; *Educational Legislation;Elementary Grades; *Environment; *EnvironmentalEducation; *Federal Legislation; GovernmentPublications; Government Role; HigherEducation; Public Policy; Resource Materials IDENTIFIERS *Environmental Education Act of 1970;Select Subcommittee on Education ABSTRACT During March, April, and _Mayof 1970 the Select Subcommittee on Education of theUnited states House of Representatives held hearings inWashington, D.C., New York City,and San Francisco and LosAngeles, California, on a °bill toauthorize the United states Commissionerof Education to establisheducational programs to encourageunderstanding of policies and supportof . activities designed to enhanceenvironmental quality and maintain ecological balance.° The recordof these hearings containstestimony from a wide cros-sectionof the population: ecologists,such as LaMont Cole; socialscientists, such as Margaret Mead andKenneth Boulding; student leaders of theEnvironmental Teach-In, such as Karen Buxbaum; an artist,Robert Motherwell; a. theologian,Josephy Sittler; educators, such asEdward Weidner; governmentofficials, such as James E. Allen;and, philosophers, conservationists, businessmen, architects,journalists teachers. The testimony ranges from very high level, abstract,global thinking to detailed descriptions of specific action programs.The record has been carefully edited and condensedin order to present the essential themes,-and a-wide variety ofviewpoints. There are manyuses for this book: curriculum plannersand teachers will find many of the proposals helpful in guidingtheir own thinking:. both highsehool and college classes in-educationand-government will find this an illuminating source of information onhow national priorities are formulated; and, study groupsfocusing on environmental problemswill find it a stimulating casestudy. (Author) "PERMISSION TO REPROOUCE THIS COPY- RIGHTED MATERIAL BY MICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE U S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRDUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERic SYSTEM REQUIRES PER- MISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER the ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM SELECTIONS from HEARINGS on theENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ACT of 1970 edited by Irving Morrissett and Karen B. Wiley with a preface by John Brademas U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFF/CE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS RUH REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG. INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY published by The Social Science Education Consortium, Inc.(Publication No. 140) and The ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/SocialScience Education (ERIC/ChESS Reference Series No. 3) Boulder, Colorado 1971 ii The work reported herein was supported in part by grants and contracts made by the U.S. Department of Health. Education and Welfare, Office of Education. Points of view or opinions 'do not necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy. No federal funds were used in the printing of this book. Cover design by John Harris. Printed in the U.S.A. by Pruett Press, Boulder, Colorado. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-166075 This publication may be purchased from: Social Science Education Consortium, Inc. 855 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80302 Order No.: Publication #140 Paperback, $6.95; hardcover, $8.95. ERIC Document Reproduction Service P.O. Drawer 0 Bethesda, Maryland 20014 In ordering from EDRS, use the document's assigned ED num- ber. An abstract of the paper will appear in a monthly issue of Research in Education and the document will be cited in semi- annual and annual indexes of Research in Education. Its ED order . number will be listed in these indexes. Its ERIC/ChESS accession number is SO 001 609. Microfiche, $ .65. FOREWORD The editors undertook to prepare this volume in thebelief that thc extensive reservoir of government documents in this country could provide a valuable learning resource.Unfortunately, such documents, in their original forms, are quite unmanageable for normal classroom and study group use.They are exceedingly voluminous and lack detailed reading aids such as indices and content summaries. Theeditors have attempted to develop an example of howsuch documentsin this case, the record of the hearings beforethe House Subcommittee on Education on the Environ- mental Education Act of 1970might be made moreusable. They have pared the original 856-page document to a more readable length while taking care toretain its essential ideas and flavor. Through summariesin the general and chapter introductions, and by indexing the content of thevolume, they have sought to give the reader additional help in using the record of the hearings. Many people were involved in the preparation ofthis publication. Celeste P. Wood ley, -NicholasHelburn, Mary Frances Haley, Dennis Ekhart, Joyce Hodges, andJames O. Hodges read and corrimented on portions ofthe manuscript. W. Williams Stevens, Jr., and James E. Davis gavemuch needed encouragement and support. Congressman JohnBrade- mas and his staff prepared thepreface and came to the rescue several times in answeringquestions. Gabrielle Cooke rendered invaluable assistance in proofreading,layout, and design. Nancy Vickery and Ellen Schultheisbattled with scissors, paste, and typewriter ribbon in preparingthe manuscript for the printer. The cover was designedby John Har- ris. Gary Peschel, of Pruett Press, gave muchneeded advice on production matters. Irving Morrissett Karen B. Wiley Boulder, Colorado 1971 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS David Sive's article, "The Law and the Land," appearedoriginally in the Journal (vol. 8, no. 4, January-February 1970, pp. 32-37), published by theDivision of Higher Education, United Church Board forHomeland Ministries. It is re- printed in this volume with the permission of the publisher. PREFACE people, of the dangers to our environment, goesfar beyond protests The awakening concern, especially among young environmental crisis in against the pollution of land, air, and water. Ibelieve that the rapidly rising awareness of the America today reflects a deepening sensitivity to thefundamental values of human life. Indeed, it seems to me not too much to say thatif we do not allow the current intensepreoccupation with the issues of ecology to fizzle out and wither away, the new awarenessof the deteriorating environment andof its implications for the future of human life can have a profoundlyregenerative effect on every aspect of our society. There have been many descriptions of the ways in which wehave befouled the environment ofwhich we are a part. Yet few persons have so eloquently summed upthe situation than did the distinguished contemporaryAmerican paint- er, Robert Motherwell, whenhe testified before my congressional subcommitteeduring the hearings which are the subject of this book. Here is what Motherwell said: I suppose America began as a few people on a vasttract of land, so vast that onecould be as greedy and wasteful as one wanted, and there was still more.That time is gone. Now there are millionsof people and millions more in the offing, and the vast land is a parkfilled with wasterusting cars, bottles,garbage, enor- mous signs seducing you to buy what youdon't want or need, housing projects thatdon't show a rudimen- tary sense of proportion in any shape orline or materialsuburbs that are a parody of thebarrenness of the Bronx and the gaudiness of Las Vegas. Indeed, if God had said to a group of men, -Here is a vastpark of millions of square miles.Let's see how quickly you can cover it with everything that is an affront tothe human spirit, and above all becertain that it is done on a scale of such extravagance and waste andlack of regard for the sensibilities of theinhabitants of the other parks in the world," then we might bydefinition call that group of men that God soaddressed A rnericans. No wonder our youth are up in arms! In recent years the Congress of the United Statesand successive presidents have moved torespond to this frontal assault on what Kenneth Boulding has called"spaceship earth." Senators Edmund S. Muskieof Maine and Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin and many others in Congress havehelped write a whole series of measuresaimed at enhancing our capacity to protect the environmentand prevent its pollution. Yet I believeand I do not think thatchampions of clean air, land, and water woulddisagreethat if we are to be able to make substantial progressin meeting our ecological crisis, we are going toneed a citizenry informed and educated about the whole spectrum of issues that arecalled environmental; and we are going torequire as well changes in basic attitudes toward the environment andman's place in it. several colleagues and I in the House of Representativesintroduced the Environ- That is why on February 17, 1970, ecology, mental Education