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Curriculum 2015/2016

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Curriculum 2015/2016 218 Curriculum 2015/2016 5th year / spring semester The deadline of submitting the thesis is March 10, 2016 Pharmacy students perform a 4-month clerkship (3 successive months in public pharmacies, 1 month can be accomplished in pharmacy, pharmaceutical factory, galenical laboratory, university department or hospital pharmacy). Fees: From the academic year 2005/2006 fifth year pharmacy students have to pay the whole tuition fee for the second semester of the fifth year. INTERIM PRACTICE Pharmacy students are required to complete a compulsory practice in a pharmacy which must be accredited by the country concerned. At the completion of the practice an evaluation form should be filled in, signed, stamped and sent directly from the pharmacy or submitted by the student in a sealed envelope. (The form can be downloaded from our website). A “Letter of Acceptance ” completed by the pharmacy has to be presented at the Foreign Students’ Secretariat until May, 2016 . 2nd year pharmacy students must perform a practice of 4 weeks in a pharmacy. 3rd year pharmacy students must perform a practice of 4 weeks in a pharmacy. 4th year pharmacy students must perform a practice of 2 months in a pharmacy (pharmacy, pharmaceutical factory, galenical laboratory, university department or hospital/clinical pharmacy). Note: The precondition of starting the 2-month compulsory practice is completing all the courses of the first four years and acquiring 16 credits of elective subjects. 5th year pharmacy students must perform a 4-month clerkship in the second semester of the academic year. (3 successive months in public pharmacies and 1 month in a hospital/clinical pharmacy.) Curriculum 2015/2016 219 SYLLABUSES FOR 1ST YEAR PHARMACY STUDENTS PHYSICS-BIOPHYSICS 1st semester LECTURE Flow of fluids. Flow of incompressible fluids: the equation of continuity. Flow of ideal fluids: Bernoulli’s law. Flow of viscous fluids: Newton’s law and the Hagen–Poiseulle law. Laminar and turbulent flow. Intermittent flow in tubes with elastic walls. Non-Newtonian fluids Diffusion. Fick’s first law. Generalised equation of continuity. Fick’s second law. The oxygen supply of tissues Heat transport. Heat conduction. Heat convection. Heat radiation. Newton’s law of cooling. Evaporation. Heat exchange between the human body and its environment Transport through biological membranes. Passive diffusion. Facilitated diffusion; the kinetics of facilitated diffusion: the Michaelis–Menten equation. Active transport Membrane balance of neutral particles: osmosis. Van’t Hoff’s law. The physiological significance of osmosis. The Starling effect. Dialysis Membrane potential. Origin of the membrane potential. Diffusion potential. Determining the membrane potential experimentally. Resting potential. Action potential The experimental basis of quantum mechanics. Laws of thermal radiation. Photoelectric effect. The Franck- Hertz experiment. The spectrum of the hydrogen atom and the Bohr model. Particle-wave duality. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Atomic orbitals 2nd semester LECTURE PRACTICE Optical spectroscopy. The energy-level structure of molecules: Statistical evaluation of experimental data Born–Oppenheimer approximation; Jablonski diagram. Viscometry Luminescence properties: absorption, fluorescence and Electrical conductance. Conductometry phosporescence spectra; efficiency, polarisation and life time of Refractometry radiation. Experimental methods of molecular spectroscopy: Optical imaging atomic absorption, atomic fluorescence, molecular absorption Optical absorption spectroscopy and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy Kinetics of heating and cooling Lasers. Special properties of laser radiation. Physical principles Chirality optical activity. Polarimetry of laser operation: Einstein coefficients and optical gain. Recording time-dependent electric signals Population inversion. Laser oscillators. Laser types. Lasers in Electronic amplifiers medical practice Absorption of nuclear radiation X-rays. General properties of X-rays. X-ray sources. X-ray Optical emission spectroscopy spectra: Bremstrahlung and characteristic radiation. The attenuation of X-rays in a medium. Medical applications of X- rays: the basics of tomography. Determining molecular structure with the help of X-ray diffraction Nuclear radiation. Models of the nucleus. Radioactive decay law, radioactive dating. Types of nucleus decay: alpha decay, beta decay, positron decay, K-electron capture, gamma radiation. Absorption of nuclear radiation in a medium. Dosimetry. Ionising radiation and the human being: effects of radiation, hit theories, radiation protection. Radiation meters: ionisation chambers, the Geiger–Müller counter, scintillators, gamma camera. Nuclear medicine HISTORY OF PHARMACY * Medicinal treatments and medicines in ancient societies: in prehistoric times, in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, Hellas and in the Roman Empire. * The rise of Chistianity. Nestorius and Nestorians. Monasticism. * Medieval medicine. Medicine under Islam. The establishment of the first pharmacy. * Crusades. The rise of universities (Salerno, Montpellier and other European universities). * The first medical decree. Foundation of the first medical faculty. * Renaissance. Art and science in the Renaissance. The time of alchemy. 220 Curriculum 2015/2016 * The emergence of medicinal chemistry (iatrichemistry), Paracelsus. * The formation of the European pharmacy, foundation of pharmacies. * The "Age of Scientific Revolution", medicine and pharmacy in the 17th century. * Innovations in the 17th century. The story of Cinchona bark. * Medicine and pharmacy in the 18th century. Innovation in the 18th century. * Medicine and pharmacy in the 19th and 20th centuries. Formation of pharmaceutical industry. * The history of medical and pharmaceutical education. History of the Hungarian pharmaceutical education and postgraduate training of pharmacists. * Dispensatoriums, Antidotariums. * Pharmacopoeias, national and international pharmacopoeias, Ph.Hg.VII. * National and international standards of drugs. * Definition and classification of drug. Expiry date. Drugs and doses. Dosage forms. * The principles of efficacy, safety of drug use. The therapeutic index and the margin of safety. * Drug utilization: monitoring of drug consumption. Regulation and control of drug consumption. Tolerance, physical dependence and drug abuse. * Naming of medical substances: Latinized and licensed (trade) names. The forms dispensation. Formula Magistralis, Normalis, Originalis, Nosocomialis. The three levels of drug production. * Public, clinical and hospital pharmacies. The conditions of a working pharmacy. Administration work in pharmacies. * The development of drug control. Drug control and quality assurance (GMP, GLP, GXP). Drug trade and the drug supply in Hungary. Pharmaceutical societies and chambers. * International organization of health care. World Health Organization (WHO). International Red Cross (Red Crescent, Red Half-Moon). Commission of Narcotic Drugs. International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufactures Association (IPFMA). European Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (EPFMA). MATHEMATICS LECTURE PRACTICE * Basic concepts: sets, numbers, intervals, relations, functions. Exercises and solutions of problems in the Elementary properties of functions: domain, range, graph, topics of the corresponding lectures. even/odd functions, periodicity, boundedness, monotonicity, concavity, maxima and minima. Compositions, one-to-one functions, inverse function. * Elementary functions in the life sciences: Arithmetical and geometrical growth, power functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, trigonometric functions. * Graphical study of functions and practical processes: elementary and logarithmic transformations, logarithmic plots. * Applications of Calculus in life sciences: Intuitive concept of limits; Continuity Instantaneous growth rate, derivative: definition, general and geometrical meaning, equation of the tangent line. Second derivative, acceleration and concavity. Differentiation rules * Applications: Relation between the growth and concavity and the derivatives, graphical and numerical study. Find maxima, minima and the maximal growth rate. Investigation processes in Pharmacy. * Antiderivative, indefinite integral: inversion of differentiation, understanding vector fields. simple integration methods and rules * Definite integral: geometric meaning (area under curve), and formal definition. Elementary properties and rules. The integral mean value. Simple numerical methods of integration. Area function, Newton-Leibniz formula. Applications in Pharmacy. * Functions of two variables: graphical methods, partial derivatives and their geometrical meaning. Local minima and maxima. * Curve fitting with the least square method, linear regression. Curriculum 2015/2016 221 * Differential equations in Pharmacy: basic properties, vector fields, initial value problems, equilibria. Autonomous systems. Graphical study. Solution in case of separable right hand sides. Linear equations, exponential decay. Logistic equations. Some external effects and their meaning in life sciences. Equations of drug elimination, dosing, infusion, population dynamics. INFORMATICS 1st semester PRACTICE (2 hrs/week) * Basic concepts of informatics in life sciences. Terminology used in informatics and computer techniques. The role of the human component. * Local and Network drives; File and folder operations
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