Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project January 2019

Prepared by: BlackOak Environmental NVC accredited consultant (Matt Launer) for Golder Associates Pty Ltd

Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

Document information and distribution

Document information Item Detail Project number PR-GO-061218 Document title Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project Client Golder Associates Pty Ltd Prepared by Matt Launer Reviewed by Sally O’Neill Review date 10/02/19 Document status Final Version number 5

Document distribution Author Document status Version Date of issue Issued to number Matt Launer Draft 1 13/02/19 Hannah Keynes (Golder Associates Pty Ltd) Matt Launer Final 2 20/02/19 Hannah Keynes Matt Launer Final (Amendment 1) 3 05/03/19 Hannah Keynes Matt Launer Final (Amendment 2) 4 30/05/19 Hannah Keynes Matt Launer Final (Amendment 3) 5 01/08/19 Hannah Keynes

Disclaimer This document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the contract between BlackOak Environmental Pty Ltd and Golders Associates Pty Ltd. BlackOak Environmental Pty Ltd accepts no liability or responsibility for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this document by any third party. Unauthorised use of this report in any form is prohibited.

Cover photograph: Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest and the existing Joy Baluch AM Bridge.

BlackOak Environmental Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

Acronyms and definitions

Abbreviation Description BAM Bushland Assessment Method BCM Bushland Condition Monitoring BDBSA Biological Databases of South DEW Department for Environment and Water DEWNR Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources DPTI Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure DoEE Department of the Environment and Energy EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 IBRA Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia LGA Local Government Area MNES Matters of National Environmental Significance NLTN National Land Transport Network NPW Act National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 NRM Natural Resource Management NRM Act Natural Resources Management Act 2004 NV Act Native Vegetation Act 1991 NVC Native Vegetation Council PMST Protected Matters Search Tool SEB Significant Environmental Benefit TEC Threatened Ecological Community

BlackOak Environmental Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 1 2 Background ...... 1 2.1 Purpose of the proposal ...... 1 2.2 Location ...... 1 2.3 Approvals required or obtained under other legislation (including past clearance approvals) ...... 5 3 Method ...... 8 3.1 Desktop assessment ...... 8 3.2 Field survey ...... 8 4 Assessment outcomes ...... 10 4.1 Desktop assessment ...... 10 4.2 Vegetation survey ...... 32 4.3 Fauna survey ...... 66 4.5 Requirements of the Native Vegetation Regulations ...... 68 4.6 Mitigation hierarchy...... 70 5 Significant Environmental Benefit ...... 71 5.1 Clearance area ...... 71 6 Discussion ...... 73 7 References ...... 74 8 Appendices ...... 75

Appendix 1. Native vegetation clearance proposal applicant details...... 75 Appendix 2. Flora recorded in the BDBSA within 5 km of the project area (all years shown) (DEW 2019)...... 76 Appendix 3. Fauna species recorded in the BDBSA within 5 km of the project area (all years shown) (DEW 2019)...... 91 Appendix 4. Flora species recorded within the project area...... 99 Appendix 5. Landscaped gardens recorded within the project area (Datum WGS 84, Zone 53H)...... 101

List of Tables

Table 1. IBRA bioregion, subregion, and environmental association summary...... 4 Table 2. Key diagnostic characteristics for describing the Coastal Saltmarsh ecological community (DSEWPC 2013)...... 10 Table 3. Threatened fauna species listed under the EPBC Act and NPW Act identified in the PMST (Source 1) and BDBSA (Source 2) database searches within 5 km of the project area. Only BDBSA records from the past 20 years are shown...... 15 Table 4. Fauna species as migratory under the EPBC Act were identified in the PMST as potentially occurring or having suitable habitat potentially occurring within 5 km of the project area ...... 24 Table 5. Summary of the vegetation associations and landforms recorded within the project area...... 32

BlackOak Environmental Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

Table 6. Summary of quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat A2)...... 35 Table 7. Summary of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat B2)...... 36 Table 8. Summary of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat C2)...... 37 Table 9. Summary of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat D2)...... 38 Table 10. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat A1)...... 40 Table 11. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat B1)...... 41 Table 12. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat C1)...... 42 Table 13. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat D1)...... 43 Table 14. Summary of Planted/Natural Regeneration vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat E1)...... 45 Table 15. Summary of Planted / Natural Regeneration vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat F1)...... 46 Table 16. Summary of Planted / Natural Regeneration vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrats G1a, G1b, G1c, G1d, G1e)...... 49 Table 17. Description of the Landscaped Gardens (Amenity Planting) recorded within the project area. .... 50 Table 18. Fauna observations within the project area...... 66 Table 19. Summary of biodiversity scores...... 70 Table 20. Summary of the SEB requirements for clearance of remnant vegetation for the development of the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project...... 72

List of Figures Figure 1. Location of the project area...... 2 Figure 2. Location of existing SEB offset area and previous vegetation clearance applications...... 6 Figure 3. Location of project area and Wetland of National Significance (Upper (SA020)). .... 12 Figure 4. National and state threatened flora and fauna species identified within 5 km of the project area in the BDBSA search. Only BDBSA records from the past 20 years are shown (DEW 2019)...... 31 Figure 5. Vegetation associations and locations of the Bushland Assessment quadrats within the project area...... 33 Figure 6. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat A2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland...... 35 Figure 7. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat B2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland...... 36 Figure 8. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat C2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland...... 37 Figure 9. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat D2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland in the foreground...... 38 Figure 10. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat A1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest...... 40 Figure 11. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat B1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest...... 41

BlackOak Environmental Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

Figure 12. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat C1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest...... 42 Figure 13. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat D1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest...... 43 Figure 14. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat E1. Planted/Natural Regeneration...... 45 Figure 15. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat F1. Planted/Natural Regeneration...... 46 Figure 16. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1a. Planted/Natural Regeneration...... 47 Figure 17. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1b. Planted/Natural Regeneration...... 47 Figure 18. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1c. Planted/Natural Regeneration (foreground)...... 48 Figure 19. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1d. Planted/Natural Regeneration (background)...... 48 Figure 20. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1e. Planted/Natural Regeneration (background)...... 49 Figure 21. Location of the Landscaped Gardens (Amenity Planting) within the project area...... 52 Figure 22. Location of Landscaped Garden (Amenity Planting) photopoints...... 53 Figure 23. Location of residential properties assessed for vegetation...... 55 Figure 24. 16 Tassie Street (front)...... 57 Figure 25. 16 Tassie Street (back)...... 57 Figure 26. 3 Mill Street (front)...... 59 Figure 27. 3 Mill Street (back)...... 59 Figure 28. 4 Mill Street (front)...... 61 Figure 29. 4 Mill Street (back)...... 61 Figure 30. 51 Mackay Street (front)...... 63 Figure 31. 51 Mackay Street (back) (foreground)...... 63 Figure 32. 53 Mackay Street (front)...... 65 Figure 33. 53 Mackay Street (back) (background)...... 65 Figure 34. Masked Lapwing (Vanellus miles)...... 67 Figure 35. White-plumed Honeyeater (Ptilotula penicillata)...... 67

BlackOak Environmental Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

1 Introduction

BlackOak Environmental was engaged by Golder Associates to undertake an ecological assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project located in , . The Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure (DPTI) has developed a preliminary concept design which includes duplication of the bridge to the north, including an on-structure shared user path.

The ecological assessment included a desktop study and three field surveys (18-19 January 2019, 30 April 2019 and 16-17 July 2019). The ecological assessment is intended to support approvals (including a native vegetation clearance proposal), design and construction.

2 Background

2.1 Purpose of the proposal

The Joy Baluch AM Bridge is an important freight and passenger link providing access to the north and west of the Upper Spencer Gulf in Port Augusta and is part of the National Land Transport Network (NLTN). The existing bridge is currently the only remaining direct access route across the gulf. Accordingly, the Government of South Australia, supported by the Commonwealth Government, is proposing to duplicate the bridge to increase the resilience of this link and alleviate potential capacity issues.

The purpose of the proposed vegetation clearance is to allow for the Joy Baluch Bridge duplication project. Refer to Appendix 1 for the native vegetation clearance proposal applicant details. Design and construction of the project will be managed by DPTI.

2.2 Location

The project area is located on the Upper Spencer Gulf within the Port Augusta City Council Local Government

Association (LGA) and the Northern and Yorke Natural Resource Management (NRM) region. The Joy Baluch AM Bridge () and the Great Western Bridge are included in the project area (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Location of the project area. Page | 2 BlackOak Environmental Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

Interim Biogeographical Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA)

IBRA was developed in 1993-94 and is endorsed by all levels of government as a key tool for identifying land for conservation under Australia's Strategy for the National Reserve System 2009-2030 (DoEE 2018a). IBRA identifies geographically distinct bioregions based on common climate, geology, landform, native vegetation and species information. The bioregions are further refined into subregions and environmental associations.

The project area is located within the Gawler IBRA Bioregion, the Gawler Lakes IBRA Subregion and Arden IBRA Environmental Association. A summary of the IBRA Bioregion, Subregion and Environmental Association is provided in Table 1.

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Table 1. IBRA bioregion, subregion, and environmental association summary.

Gawler IBRA Bioregion (GAW) Semi-arid to arid, flat topped to broadly rounded hills of the Gawler Range Volcanics and Proterozoic sediments, low plateaux on sandstone and quartzite with an undulating surface of aeolian sand or gibbers and rocky quartzite hills with colluvial footslopes, erosional and depositional plains and salt encrusted lake beds, with black oak (belah) and myall low open woodlands, open mallee scrub, bluebush/saltbush open chenopod shrublands and tall mulga shrublands on shallow loams, calcareous earths and hard red duplex soils. Gawler Lakes IBRA Subregion (GAW03) An undulating upland plain underlain by quartzite and sandstone, with shallow loamy soils. Encompasses the Woomera plateau, which is characterised by the absence of trees and tall shrubs, except on floodplains, where mulga (), bullock bush (Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens), occasional red gums (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and other species may be found. The gibber-covered areas are either bare or carry a scattered growth of samphire (Halosarcia sp.) and bindyi (Sclerolaena sp.). The depositional plains to the south and south-west of the plateau are covered with deep calcareous earths characteristically carrying an open myall (Acacia papyrocarpa) woodland with a bluebush (Maireana sedifolia) understorey, or red aeolian sand sheets and dunes with open mulga shrubland or a low woodland of Casuarina pauper or Callitris glaucophylla. Land type: Erosional, depositional or volcanic Landscape: Depositional plain Landform: Undulating plains overlain with sand sheets and dunes, with occasional silcrete capped rises. Geology: Alluvium, colluvium (sand silt clay & gravels). Silcrete cappings & Ti-rich skins. Dune sand & residual sand mantles. Evaporites (gypsum & halite). Bleached Cretaceous shales. Silicified rhizomorphs & nodular silcrete (Tertiary) Soil: Brown calcareous earths, crusty loamy soils with red clayey subsoils, sand soils, brown and red, shallow dense loams. Vegetation: Assumed native vegetation cover. Arden IBRA Environmental Association Land type: Erosional, depositional or volcanic Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Plains with sand dunes and numerous lakes along the overflow course of Lake Torrens, and samphire or mangrove flats along the coastline. Geology: Alluvium and sand. Soil: Reddish calcareous earths, reddish sands and grey calcareous loams. Vegetation: Chenopod shrubland of saltbush and bluebush, low open woodland of myall and black oak, low woodland of mangroves and chenopod shrubland of samphire.

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2.3 Approvals required or obtained under other legislation (including past clearance approvals)

Native Vegetation Act 1991

Clearance under the Native Vegetation Act 1991 (NV Act) is the subject of this assessment and proposal. There have been two previous clearance applications within the project area (Figure 2). The applications (2002-2097,

2012_3060) were lodged by the to clear samphire that had regenerated on the intertidal area used as a public beach. The applications were endorsed subject to SEB offset of 0.3 ha (2002-2097) of samphire and mangrove vegetation on the opposite side of Upper Spencer Gulf (Figure 2) (G. Carpenter personal communication, January 8, 2019). The SEB offset is also located within the project area. The SEB offset was established in 2002.

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Figure 2. Location of existing SEB offset area and previous vegetation clearance applications.

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Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) applies to any action which is likely to have a significant impact on a Matter of National Environmental Significance (MNES). There are nine MNES that act as “triggers” for the Commonwealth assessment and approval process. A Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) report was generated on 8 January 2019 to identify MNES under the EPBC Act potentially occurring within 5 km of the project area.

All MNES applicable to the project area have been discussed in Section 4.1 and 6 of this assessment.

Pastoral Land Management and Conservation Act 1989

The Pastoral Land Management and Conservation Act 1989 is not applicable as the project area is located within the agricultural zone and Northern and Yorke Natural Resource Management (NRM) region of South Australia.

National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972

The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (NPW Act) provides for the establishment and management of reserves for public benefit and enjoyment; to provide for the conservation of wildlife in a natural environment; and for other purposes. Impacts to flora and fauna species listed under National Parks Schedules have been considered in this assessment and proposal.

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3 Method

3.1 Desktop assessment

A desktop assessment was conducted to assess the potential for any threatened species (both Commonwealth and State listed) to occur within the project area. This was achieved by undertaking database searches of a 5 km buffer of the project area, as specified in the Bushland Assessment Method (BAM) manual (NVC 2017a).

A PMST report was generated on 8 January 2019 to identify MNES under the EPBC Act (DoEE 2019b). The PMST is maintained by DoEE and was used to identify flora and fauna species or ecological communities of national environmental significance that may occur or have suitable habitat within the project area.

Species listed under South Australia’s NPW Act were assessed using the Biological Databases of South Australia (BDBSA). The dataset was obtained on 15 January 2019 and used to identify threatened species that have been recorded within the 5 km buffer of the project area (DEW 2019).

3.2 Field survey

The field surveys were conducted from 18-19 January 2019, 30 April 2019 and 16-17 July 2019 by Matt Launer and included a flora and fauna assessment. The survey covered the areas of terrestrial vegetation within the project area. Five residential properties within the project area were assessed for vegetation. The vegetation was predominantly surveyed from the property boundaries due to access restrictions.

Flora assessment

The vegetation survey was performed in accordance with the BAM (NVC 2017a). The Native Vegetation Council (NVC) BAM is suitable for assessing vegetation that is located within the agricultural region of South Australia which includes the following NRM Regions:

• and Mount Lofty Ranges

•

• Kangaroo Island

• Northern and Yorke

• South Australian Murray-Darling Basin

• South East.

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The BAM uses biodiversity ‘surrogates’ or ‘indicators’ to measure biodiversity value against benchmark communities. Each area to be assessed is termed an application area (‘block’), within which different vegetation associations (‘sites’) are identified and compared to the Nature Conservation Society of South Australia’s

‘benchmark’ vegetation communities. A representative 1 ha quadrat is surveyed for each site (NVC 2017a). Three components of the biodiversity value of the site are measured and scored. These are: vegetation condition, conservation value and landscape context. The three component scores are combined to provide Unit Biodiversity Score (per ha) and then multiplied by the size (ha) of the site to provide a ‘Total Biodiversity

Score’ for the site. This is used to calculate a Significant Environmental Benefit (SEB) area and value for payment in to the Native Vegetation Fund derived from the clearance of native vegetation (NVC 2017a).

The majority of project area was traversed on foot and a complete flora species list recorded. This was carried out in addition to the BAM quadrats.

Fauna assessment

The majority of the project area was traversed on foot. All vertebrate fauna species, signs of species (scats, tracks etc.) and potential habitat for fauna was recorded. The value of habitat for the threatened fauna species identified in the desktop assessment was also determined when surveying the project area.

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4 Assessment outcomes

4.1 Desktop assessment

Threatened ecological communities

One threatened ecological community (TEC), the Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh (Aus: vulnerable) was identified in the PMST as potentially occurring within 5 km of the project area. There was a total 1.54 ha of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland and approximately 0.11 ha of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest meeting all of the key diagnostic characteristics for the Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh TEC (Table 2) recorded within the project area.

Table 2. Key diagnostic characteristics for describing the Coastal Saltmarsh ecological community (DSEWPC 2013).

Key diagnostic characteristics Occurs south of 23° 37' S latitude - from the central Mackay coast on the east coast of Australia, southerly around to Shark Bay on the west coast of Australia (26° latitude), and including the Tasmanian coast and islands within the above range. Occurs on the coastal margin, along estuaries and coastal embayment’s and on low wave energy coasts. Occurs on places with at least some tidal connection, including rarely-inundated supratidal areas, intermittently opened or closed lagoons, and groundwater tidal influences, but not areas receiving only aerosol spray. Occurs on sandy or muddy substrate and may include coastal clay pans (and the like). Consists of dense to patchy areas of characteristic coastal saltmarsh species (i.e. salt- tolerant herbs, succulent shrubs or grasses, that may also include bare sediment as part of the mosaic). Proportional cover by tree canopy such as mangroves, Melaleucas or Casuarinas is not greater than 50%, nor is proportional ground cover by seagrass greater than 50%.

Nationally important or significant wetlands

The coastal sections of the project area occur within the boundary designated as a nationally important or significant wetlands (Upper Spencer Gulf (SA020)) (Figure 2). The Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia was first published in 1993. The Directory not only identifies nationally important wetlands, it provides a substantial knowledge base of what defines wetlands, their variety, and the many flora and fauna species that depend on them. In addition, it contains information about their social and cultural values and some of the ecosystem services and benefits they provide. It is a valuable tool for managers and others interested in Australia's important wetlands.

Wetlands of international importance (listed under the Ramsar Convention) are protected under the EPBC Act.

Nationally Important Wetlands in Australia listed are not protected under the EPBC Act.

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Upper Spencer Gulf (SA020): The Upper Spencer Gulf is an inverse estuary containing shallow, warm saline waters. The area is characterised by intertidal mangrove forests, tidal sand and mud flats, with some areas of shingle and sandy beaches. The mud flats are dissected by a network of tidal channels, some of which include

Chinaman Creek, First - Seventh Creek, Port Davis Creek and Fisherman Creek. Below sea level, extensive shallow seagrass meadows give way to a silty sea floor in deeper waters (DoEE 2019c).

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Figure 3. Location of project area and Wetland of National Significance (Upper Spencer Gulf (SA020)).

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Nationally threatened flora

Two nationally threatened flora species were identified in the PMST as potentially occurring within 5 km of the project area. These were: Caladenia tensa (Greencomb -orchid) (Aus: endangered) and Frankenia plicata (Aus: endangered). Neither of these species were recorded during the field survey or considered to occur within the project area due to a lack of preferred habitat and lack of previous records within the region.

State threatened flora

Two threatened flora species under the NPW Act were identified in the BDBSA search as being previously recorded within 5 km of the project area in the past 20 years (Figure 4). These were: Malacocera gracilis (Slender Soft-horns) (SA: vulnerable) and Myoporum parvifolium (Creeping Boobialla) (SA: rare). Neither of these species were recorded during the field survey or considered likely to occur within the project area. The complete list of flora species identified in the 5 km BDBSA search is provided in Appendix 2.

Nationally threatened fauna

Twenty-six fauna species (excluding sharks, and marine mammals (whales and dolphins)) listed as threatened under the EPBC Act were identified in the PMST as potentially occurring or having suitable habitat potentially occurring within 5 km of the project area (Table 3). The nationally threatened Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) (Aus: vulnerable) was not identified from the PMST but was identified in the 5 km BDBSA search results. The Grey-headed Flying-fox is not likely to occur within the project area due to a lack of preferred habitat.

Of the 26 listed fauna species in the PMST there were also three nationally threatened species recorded in the 5 km BDBSA search results from the past 20 years. These were: Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea)

(Aus: critically endangered), Southern Giant-Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) (Aus: endangered), Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis) (Aus: vulnerable). The Curlew Sandpiper and Australian Fairy Tern could possibly utilise the intertidal mudflats and saltmarsh habitat within the project area, however this is likely to be on a very infrequent basis. The Southern Giant-Petrel is unlikely to occur within the project area

State threatened fauna

Fifteen fauna species listed as threatened under the NPW Act were identified in the BDBSA search as being previously recorded within 5 km of the project area in the past 20 years (Table 3 and Figure 4). This includes 14 bird species and one mammal species, The Grey-headed Flying-fox. Three of the listed fauna species are also listed as threatened species under the EPBC Act. These are: Southern Giant-Petrel (Macronectes giganteus), Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis) and the Grey-headed Flying-fox.

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None of the 15 threatened species identified in the BDBSA search results were recorded during the survey. The following bird species could possibly occur within the intertidal mudflats and saltmarsh habitat within the project area on an infrequent basis:

• Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) (SA: rare)

• Banded Stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus) (SA: vulnerable)

• Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) (SA: rare)

• Sooty Oystercatcher (Haematopus fuliginosus) (SA: rare)

• (Australian) Pied Oystercatcher (Haematopus longirostris) (SA: rare)

• White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) (SA: endangered)

• Elegant (Neophema elegans) (SA: rare)

• Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis) (Aus: vulnerable, SA: endangered).

The complete list of fauna species identified in the 5 km BDBSA search is provided in Appendix 3.

Migratory species

Thirty-four migratory species (excluding sharks, and marine mammals (whales and dolphins)) listed under the

EPBC Act were identified in the PMST as potentially occurring or having suitable habitat potentially occurring within 5 km of the project area (Table 4). Eight of the migratory bird species listed could possibly occur within the coastal habitat of the project area. One of the listed, Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus) is almost exclusively aerial whilst the other seven birds could possibly utilise the intertidal mudflats and saltmarsh habitat within the project area.

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Table 3. Threatened fauna species listed under the EPBC Act and NPW Act identified in the PMST (Source 1) and BDBSA (Source 2) database searches within 5 km of the project area. Only BDBSA records from the past 20 years are shown.

Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) Birds Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper R 2 28/04/2004 The Common Sandpiper mainly breeds in Possible parts of Europe and Asia, and occasionally Africa. Found along all coastlines of Australia and in many areas inland, the Common Sandpiper is widespread in small numbers. The species utilises a wide range of coastal wetlands and some inland wetlands, with varying levels of salinity, and is mostly found around muddy margins or rocky shores and rarely on mudflats. Amytornis textilis myall Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) VU 1 Scattered and widespread on the north- Unlikely eastern Eyre Peninsula, from around and Mt Middleback, northwest through the Gawler Ranges north to around Lake MacFarlane and eastern Lake Gairdner. Occurs in open Atriplex spp. and bluebush Maireana spp. shrublands with a sparse or open overstorey of low trees or shrubs. Biziura lobata Musk Duck R 2 28/03/2006 Musk Ducks range from north-west Western Unlikely Australia, through the south and east to southern Queensland, and can be found several hundred kilometres inland in some areas. They tend to be found in deep freshwater lagoons, with dense reed beds. Calidris canutus Red Knot, Knot EN 1 Common in all the main suitable habitats Unlikely around the coast of Australia. It is occasionally recorded inland in all regions. In Australasia the Red Knot mainly inhabit intertidal mudflats, sandflats and sandy

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) beaches of sheltered coasts, in estuaries, bays, inlets, lagoons and harbours. Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper CE 1, 2 25/01/2000 In South Australia, Curlew Sandpipers occur Possible in widespread coastal and subcoastal areas east of Streaky Bay. Important sites include the former saltfields at Bolivar now part of the Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary, and The Coorong. Occurs on intertidal mudflats in sheltered coastal areas, such as estuaries, bays, inlets and lagoons, and also around non-tidal swamps, lakes and lagoons near the coast, and ponds in saltworks and sewage farms. Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Banded Stilt V 2 28/03/2006 Banded Stilts are endemic to Australia, Possible mainly in the south and inland. They are found mainly in saline and hypersaline waters of the inland and coast, typically large, open and shallow. Climacteris affinis White-browed Treecreeper R 2 1/01/2000 White-browed Treecreepers usually inhabit Unlikely shrublands and woodlands in arid and semi- arid regions. They mostly occur in tall shrubland and low woodland dominated by acacias, such as Mulga, Western Myall and Gidgee, or casuarinas, such as Buloke and Belah, or woodlands dominated by cypress- pine. Diomedea antipodensis Antipodean Albatross VU 1 Endemic to , however forages Unlikely widely in open water in the south-west Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean and the Tasman Sea. The Antipodean Albatross is marine, pelagic and aerial. Diomedea epomophora Southern Royal Albatross VU V 1 Endemic to New Zealand, the majority of the Unlikely southern royal breeding population is found

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) on subantarctic Campbell Island. Non- breeding birds and juveniles cross the Southern Ocean to feed in South American waters before returning to the breeding areas by circumnavigating the globe. Diomedea exulans Wandering Albatross VU V 1 The Wandering Albatross has a circumpolar Unlikely distribution. It breeds on six subantarctic island groups. The Wandering Albatross is marine, pelagic and aerial. Diomedea sanfordi Northern Royal Albatross EN E 1 The Northern Royal Albatross breeds on Unlikely Chatham Island and Taiaroa Head on the of New Zealand. The Northern Royal Albatross is marine, pelagic and aerial. Its habitat includes subantarctic, subtropical, and occasionally Antarctic waters. Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 2 19/10/2002 The Little Egret is found mainly in coastal and Possible inland areas of northern, eastern and south- eastern Australia. The Little Egret frequents tidal mudflats, saltwater and freshwater wetlands, and mangroves. Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher R 2 28/03/2006 The Sooty Oystercatcher is widespread in Possible coastal eastern, southern and . The Sooty Oystercatcher is strictly coastal, usually within 50 m of the ocean. It prefers rocky shores, but will be seen on coral reefs or sandy beaches near mudflats. It breeds on offshore islands and isolated rocky headlands. Haematopus longirostris (Australian) Pied Oystercatcher R 2 24/06/1999 The Pied Oystercatcher is found in coastal Possible areas throughout the Australian continent except for areas of unbroken sea cliffs. They prefer mudflats, sandbanks and sandy ocean

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) beaches and is less common along rocky or shingle coastlines. Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea Eagle E 2 1/01/2000 The White-bellied Sea-Eagle is distributed Possible along the coastline (including offshore islands) of mainland Australia and Tasmania. The White-bellied Sea-Eagle is found in coastal habitats (especially those close to the sea-shore) and around terrestrial wetlands in tropical and temperate regions of mainland Australia and its offshore islands Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl VU V 1 The Malleefowl is found in semi-arid to arid Unlikely shrublands and low woodlands, especially those dominated by mallee and/or acacias. A sandy substrate and abundance of leaf litter are required for breeding. Limosa lapponica baueri Bar-tailed Godwit (baueri) VU 1 Bar-tailed Godwits arrive in Australia each Unlikely year in August from breeding grounds in the northern hemisphere. Birds are more numerous in northern Australia. Bar-tailed Godwits inhabit estuarine mudflats, beaches and mangroves. Limosa lapponica menzbieri Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit CE 1 The Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit Unlikely breeds in northern Siberia, Russia, and spends the nonbreeding period mostly in the north of Western Australia, but also in south- east Asia. In South Australia it has mostly been recorded around coasts from Lake Alexandrina to Denial Bay. Occurs mainly in coastal habitats such as large intertidal sandflats, banks, mudflats, estuaries, inlets, harbours, coastal lagoons and bays.

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) Lophochroa leadbeateri mollis Major Mitchell's Cockatoo (EP, GR, R 12/08/2013 Major Mitchell’s Cockatoos inhabit semi-arid Unlikely NW) and arid regions, mainly inland, but in some coastal areas. They usually inhabit dry woodlands in arid and semi-arid areas, usually where eucalypts or acacias dominate the vegetation. Macronectes giganteus Southern Giant-Petrel EN V 1, 2 30/01/2000 The Southern Giant-Petrel is widespread Unlikely throughout the Southern Ocean. The Southern Giant-Petrel is marine bird that occurs in Antarctic to subtropical waters. Macronectes halli Northern Giant Petrel VU 1 The Northern Giant Petrel breeds in the sub- Unlikely Antarctic, and visits areas off the Australian mainland mainly during the winter months. The Northern Giant-Petrel is marine and oceanic. Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher R 2 18/01/02 The Restless Flycatcher is found throughout Unlikely northern and eastern mainland Australia, as well as in south-western Australia. Found in open forests and woodlands and frequently seen in farmland. Neophema elegans Elegant Parrot R 2 11/10/2000 Occurs in the eastern parts of South Possible Australia, north to the Flinders Ranges and west to the Eyre Peninsula. Inhabiting open habitats, the Elegant Parrot can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including grasslands, shrublands, mallee, woodlands and thickets, bluebush plains, heathlands, saltmarsh and farmland. Numenius madagascariensis Far Eastern Curlew CE V 1 The Far Eastern Curlew is endemic to the East Unlikely Asian – Australasian Flyway. During the non- breeding season in Australia, the Far Eastern Curlew is most commonly associated with sheltered coasts, especially estuaries, bays,

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) harbours, inlets and coastal lagoons, with large intertidal mudflats or sandflats, often with beds of seagrass. Pachyptila turtur subantarctica Fairy Prion (southern) VU 1 The Fairy Prion has a circumpolar Unlikely distribution, and probably frequents subtropical waters during the non-breeding period. It has been recorded breeding on subantarctic and cool temperate islands in the Southern Hemisphere. Pezoporus occidentalis Night Parrot EN E 1 The current distribution of the night parrot is Unlikely not known. Historic records and observations are scanty and anecdotal with few substantiated records since 1935. Sometime prior to 2013, a population was located in southwestern Queensland. Most habitat records are of Triodia (Spinifex) grasslands and/or chenopod shrublands. Phoebetria fusca Sooty Albatross VU E 1 The Sooty Albatross breeds on islands in the Unlikely southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The Sooty Albatross is a rare, but probably regular migrant to Australia, mostly in the autumn-winter months. The Sooty Albatross is marine and pelagic. Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe R 2 21/09/2002 The Great Crested Grebe has been recorded Unlikely in all Australian states and territories. Prefers well vegetated margins and reedbeds in channels near open waters or large lakes and reservoirs. Rostratula australis Australian Painted-snipe EN V 1 The Australian Painted Snipe has been Unlikely recorded at wetlands in all states of Australia. They generally inhabit shallow terrestrial freshwater (occasionally brackish) wetlands,

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) including temporary and permanent lakes, swamps and claypans. Sternula nereis nereis Australian Fairy Tern VU E 1, 2 9/11/2002 The Fairy Tern is distributed in a large Possible geographic range between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Within Australia, the Fairy Tern occurs along the coasts of , Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. The Fairy Tern nests on sheltered sandy beaches, spits and banks above the high tide line and below vegetation. Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck V 2 16/01/1999 The Freckled Duck is found primarily in the Unlikely south east and south west of Australia, occurring as a vagrant elsewhere. he Freckled Duck prefers permanent fresh water swamps and creeks with heavy growth of cumbungi (bullrushes), lignum or tea-tree. During drier times, the Freckled Duck moves from ephemeral (not permanent) breeding swamps to more permanent waters such as lakes, reservoirs, farm dams and sewerage ponds. Thalassarche cauta cauta Shy Albatross VU V 1 The Shy Albatross is circumpolar in Unlikely distribution, occurring widely in the southern oceans. Islands off Australia and New Zealand provide breeding habitat. In Australian waters, the Shy Albatross occurs along the east coast from Stradbroke Island in Queensland along the entire south coast of the continent to Carnarvon in Western Australia. This pelagic or ocean-going species inhabits subantarctic and subtropical marine

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) waters, spending the majority of its time at sea. Thalassarche cauta steadi White-capped Albatross VU 1 The White-capped Albatross is probably Unlikely common off the coast of south-east Australia throughout the year. Breeding colonies occur on islands south of New Zealand. White- capped Albatross is marine and pelagic. Thalassarche impavida Campbell Albatross VU V 1 Campbell Albatrosses occur in Antarctic and Unlikely sub-Antarctic waters, and in the subtropical South Pacific Ocean. They breed only on sub- Antarctic Campbell Island, south of New Zealand. Thalassarche melanophris Black-browed Albatross VU 1 The Black-browed Albatross is a marine Unlikely species that inhabits Antarctic, subantarctic and temperate waters and occasionally enters the tropics. Mammals Neophoca cinerea Australian Sea-lion, Australian Sea VU V 1 The breeding range extends from Houtman Unlikely Lion Abrolhos, Western Australia to The Pages Island, east of Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Breeding colonies occur on islands or remote sections of coastline. Lone or small numbers of will regularly visit known haul-out sites and occasionally visit other locations. Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying-fox VU R 2 1/08/2018 The Grey-headed Flying-fox occurs in the Unlikely coastal belt from Rockhampton in central Queensland to Melbourne in Victoria. The species sometimes ranges into South Australia. The Grey-headed Flying-fox requires foraging resources and roosting sites. It is a canopy-feeding frugivore and nectarivore, which utilises vegetation

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of EPBC NPW record occurrence Act Act (BDBSA) communities including rainforests, open forests, closed and open woodlands. Reptiles Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle EN E 1 The Loggerhead Turtle has a global Unlikely distribution throughout tropical, sub-tropical and temperate waters. In Australia, the Loggerhead Turtle occurs in the waters of coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds and muddy bays throughout eastern, northern and western Australia. Chelonia mydas Green Turtle VU V 1 Green Turtles nest, forage and migrate across Unlikely tropical northern Australia although individuals can stray into temperate waters. Green Turtles spend their first five to ten years drifting on ocean currents. They settle in shallow benthic foraging habitats such as tropical tidal and sub-tidal coral and rocky reef habitat or inshore seagrass beds. Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, EN V 1 The Leatherback Turtle is a pelagic feeder, Unlikely Luth found in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters throughout the world. It has been recorded feeding in the coastal waters of all Australian States. No major nesting has been recorded in Australia, although scattered isolated nesting occurs in southern Queensland. Conservation status EPBC Act: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Australia). NPW Act: National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (South Australia). Conservation codes: CE: Critically Endangered. EN/E: Endangered. VU/V: Vulnerable. R: Rare.

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Table 4. Fauna species as migratory under the EPBC Act were identified in the PMST as potentially occurring or having suitable habitat potentially occurring within 5 km of the project area

Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of NPW record EPBC Act occurrence Act (BDBSA) Birds Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Mi (w) R 1, 2 28/04/2004 The Common Sandpiper mainly breeds in parts of Possible Europe and Asia, and occasionally Africa. Found along all coastlines of Australia and in many areas inland, the Common Sandpiper is widespread in small numbers. The species utilises a wide range of coastal wetlands and some inland wetlands, with varying levels of salinity, and is mostly found around muddy margins or rocky shores and rarely on mudflats. Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Mi (m) 1, 2 4/02/2000 The Fork-tailed Swift is a non-breeding visitor to all Possible states and territories of Australia. In South Australia the Fork-tailed Swift is widespread from the Victorian border west to the Spencer Gulf. In Australia, the Fork- tailed Swift is almost exclusively aerial. Ardenna carneipes Flesh-footed Shearwater Mi (m) 1 The Flesh-footed Shearwater is a trans-equatorial Unlikely migrant. The Flesh-footed Shearwater is a locally common visitor to waters of the continental shelf and continental slope off southern Australia and around Lord Howe Island. Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Mi (w) R 1 The Ruddy Turnstone's non-breeding distribution is Unlikely almost cosmopolitan. It is common throughout Australasia and widespread within Australia. The Ruddy Turnstone is widespread within Australia during its non-breeding period of the year. In Australasia, the Ruddy Turnstone is mainly found on coastal regions with exposed rock coast lines or coral reefs. Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Mi (w) 1, 2 9/09/2002 The Sharp-tailed Sandpiper spends the non-breeding Possible season in Australia. n Australasia, the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper prefers muddy edges of shallow fresh or

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of NPW record EPBC Act occurrence Act (BDBSA) brackish wetlands, with inundated or emergent sedges, grass, saltmarsh or other low vegetation. Calidris alba Sanderling Mi (w) R 1 This species has a circumpolar breeding distribution, Unlikely migrating south to spend the non-breeding season predominantly on sandy coastal shores of all continents except Antarctica. The Sanderling occurs in coastal areas around Australia. Inland records have occurred in most states of singles or small groups, birds probably on migration. Calidris canutus Red Knot, Knot EN, Mi 1 Common in all the main suitable habitats around the Unlikely (w) coast of Australia. It is occasionally recorded inland in all regions. In Australasia the Red Knot mainly inhabit intertidal mudflats, sandflats and sandy beaches of sheltered coasts, in estuaries, bays, inlets, lagoons and harbours. Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper CE, Mi 1, 2 25/01/2000 In South Australia, Curlew Sandpipers occur in Possible (w) widespread coastal and subcoastal areas east of Streaky Bay. Important sites include former saltfields at Bolivar now part of the Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary, and The Coorong. Occurs on intertidal mudflats in sheltered coastal areas, such as estuaries, bays, inlets and lagoons, and also around non-tidal swamps, lakes and lagoons near the coast, and ponds in saltworks and sewage farms. Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper Mi (w) R 1 The Pectoral Sandpiper breeds in northern Russia and Unlikely North America. In South Australia, the Pectoral Sandpiper is found mostly in the south-east, from north to the Murray River and west to Yorke Peninsula. The species is found at coastal lagoons, estuaries, bays, swamps, lakes, inundated grasslands, saltmarshes, river pools, creeks, floodplains and artificial wetlands. Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint Mi (w) 1, 2 10/03/2005 The Red-necked Stint breeds in Siberia and Possible sporadically in north and west Alaska. It is distributed

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of NPW record EPBC Act occurrence Act (BDBSA) along most of the Australian coastline with large densities on the Victorian and Tasmanian coasts. In Australasia, the Red-necked Stint is mostly found in coastal areas, including in sheltered inlets, bays, lagoons and estuaries with intertidal mudflats, often near spits, islets and banks and, sometimes, on protected sandy or coralline shores. Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover, Oriental Mi (w) 1 The Oriental Plover breeds at scattered sites mainly in Unlikely Dotterel northern and eastern Mongolia. The Oriental Plover is a non-breeding visitor to Australia, where the species occurs in both coastal and inland areas, mostly in northern Australia. Diomedea antipodensis Antipodean Albatross VU, Mi 1 Endemic to New Zealand, however forages widely in Unlikely (m) open water in the south-west Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean and the Tasman Sea. The Antipodean Albatross is marine, pelagic and aerial. Diomedea epomophora Southern Royal Albatross VU, Mi V 1 Endemic to New Zealand, the majority of the Southern Unlikely (m) Royal Albatross breeding population is found on subantarctic Campbell Island. Non-breeding birds and juveniles cross the Southern Ocean to feed in South American waters before returning to the breeding areas by circumnavigating the globe. Diomedea exulans Wandering Albatross VU, Mi V 1 The Wandering Albatross has a circumpolar Unlikely (m) distribution. It breeds on six subantarctic island groups. The Wandering Albatross is marine, pelagic and aerial. Diomedea sanfordi Northern Royal Albatross EN, Mi E 1 The Northern Royal Albatross breeds on Chatham Unlikely (m) Island and Taiaroa Head on the South Island of New Zealand. The Northern Royal Albatross is marine, pelagic and aerial. Its habitat includes subantarctic, subtropical, and occasionally Antarctic waters. Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe Mi (w) R 1 Latham's Snipe breed in Japan and far eastern Russia Unlikely during the northern hemisphere summer. Latham's

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of NPW record EPBC Act occurrence Act (BDBSA) Snipe is a non-breeding visitor to south-eastern Australia, and is a passage migrant through northern Australia. The species has been recorded along the east coast of Australia from Cape York Peninsula through to south-eastern South Australia Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Mi (w) R 1 Bar-tailed Godwits arrive in Australia each year in Unlikely August from breeding grounds in the northern hemisphere. Birds are more numerous in northern Australia. Bar-tailed Godwits inhabit estuarine mudflats, beaches and mangroves. Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Mi (w) R 1 The Black-tailed Godwit is found in all states and Possible territories of Australia; however, it prefers coastal regions and the largest populations are found on the north coast between Darwin and Weipa. In Australia the Black-tailed Godwit has a primarily coastal habitat environment. The species is commonly found in sheltered bays, estuaries and lagoons with large intertidal mudflats or sandflats, or spits and banks of mud, sand or shell-grit; occasionally recorded on rocky coasts or coral islets. Macronectes giganteus Southern Giant-Petrel EN, Mi V 1, 2 30/01/00 The Southern Giant-Petrel is widespread throughout Unlikely (m) the Southern Ocean. The Southern Giant-Petrel is marine bird that occurs in Antarctic to subtropical waters. Macronectes halli Northern Giant Petrel VU, Mi 1 The Northern Giant Petrel breeds in the sub-Antarctic, Unlikely (m) and visits areas off the Australian mainland mainly during the winter months. The Northern Giant-Petrel is marine and oceanic. Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Mi (t) 1 The Grey Wagtail has a strong association with water, Unlikely particularly rocky substrates along water courses but also lakes and marshes. The species is a rare non- breeding summer visitor to northern Australia.

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of NPW record EPBC Act occurrence Act (BDBSA) Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Mi (t) 1 The Yellow Wagtail is a regular wet season visitor to Unlikely northern Australia. The species is considered a vagrant to Victoria, South Australia and southern Western Australia Numenius Far Eastern Curlew CE, Mi V 1 The Far Eastern Curlew is endemic to the East Asian – Unlikely madagascariensis (w) Australasian Flyway. During the non-breeding season in Australia, the Far Eastern Curlew is most commonly associated with sheltered coasts, especially estuaries, bays, harbours, inlets and coastal lagoons, with large intertidal mudflats or sandflats, often with beds of seagrass. Pandion cristatus Eastern Osprey Mi (w) E 1 The Eastern Osprey occurs in Indonesia, Philippines, Unlikely Palau Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Australia. The breeding range of the Eastern Osprey extends around the northern coast of Australia (including many offshore islands) from Albany in Western Australia to Lake Macquarie in NSW; with a second isolated breeding population on the coast of South Australia, extending from Head of Bight east to Cape Spencer and Kangaroo Island. Phoebetria fusca Sooty Albatross VU, Mi E 1 The Sooty Albatross breeds on islands in the southern Unlikely (m) Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The Sooty Albatross is a rare, but probably regular migrant to Australia, mostly in the autumn-winter months. The Sooty Albatross is marine and pelagic. Thalassarche cauta cauta Shy Albatross VU, Mi V 1 The Shy Albatross is circumpolar in distribution, Unlikely (m) occurring widely in the southern oceans. Islands off Australia and New Zealand provide breeding habitat. In Australian waters, the Shy Albatross occurs along the east coast from Stradbroke Island in Queensland along the entire south coast of the continent to Carnarvon in Western Australia. This pelagic or ocean-

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of NPW record EPBC Act occurrence Act (BDBSA) going species inhabits subantarctic and subtropical marine waters, spending the majority of its time at sea. Thalassarche cauta steadi White-capped Albatross VU, Mi 1 The White-capped Albatross is probably common off Unlikely (m) the coast of south-east Australia throughout the year. Breeding colonies occur on islands south of New Zealand. White-capped Albatross is marine and pelagic. Thalassarche impavida Campbell Albatross VU, Mi V 1 Campbell Albatrosses occur in Antarctic and sub- (m) Antarctic waters, and in the subtropical South Pacific Ocean. They breed only on sub-Antarctic Campbell Island, south of New Zealand. Thalassarche melanophris Black-browed Albatross VU, Mi 1 The Black-browed Albatross is a marine species that Unlikely (m) inhabits Antarctic, subantarctic and temperate waters and occasionally enters the tropics. Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank, Mi (w) 1, 2 21/09/2002 The Common Greenshank is found in Europe, Africa, Possible Greenshank Asia, Melanesia and Australasia. The Common Greenshank does not breed in Australia; however, the species occurs in all types of wetlands and has the widest distribution of any shorebird in Australia. It occurs in sheltered coastal habitats, typically with large mudflats and saltmarsh, mangroves or seagrass. Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Mi (w) 1, 2 27/03/2006 The Marsh Sandpiper occurs throughout southern Possible Africa, as well as the valley of the Nile River and the coast of the Red Sea. The Marsh Sandpiper is found on coastal and inland wetlands throughout Australia. The Marsh Sandpiper lives in permanent or ephemeral wetlands of varying salinity, including swamps, lagoons, billabongs, saltpans, saltmarshes, estuaries, pools on inundated floodplains, and intertidal mudflats and also regularly at sewage farms and saltworks. Reptiles Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle EN E 1 The Loggerhead Turtle has a global distribution Unlikely throughout tropical, sub-tropical and temperate

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Conservation Most Likelihood status recent Species name Common name Source Distribution and habitat preference of NPW record EPBC Act occurrence Act (BDBSA) waters. In Australia, the Loggerhead Turtle occurs in the waters of coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds and muddy bays throughout eastern, northern and western Australia. Chelonia mydas Green Turtle VU V 1 Green Turtles nest, forage and migrate across tropical Unlikely northern Australia although individuals can stray into temperate waters. Green Turtles spend their first five to ten years drifting on ocean currents. They settle in shallow benthic foraging habitats such as tropical tidal and sub-tidal coral and rocky reef habitat or inshore seagrass beds. Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery EN V 1 The Leatherback Turtle is a pelagic feeder, found in Unlikely Turtle, Luth tropical, subtropical and temperate waters throughout the world. It has been recorded feeding in the coastal waters of all Australian States. No major nesting has been recorded in Australia, although scattered isolated nesting occurs in southern Queensland. Conservation status EPBC Act: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Australia). NPW Act: National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (South Australia). Conservation codes: CE: Critically Endangered. EN/E: Endangered. VU/V: Vulnerable. R: Rare. Mi (m): Migratory Marine. Mi (t): Migratory Terrestrial. Mi (w): Migratory Wetland.

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Figure 4. National and state threatened flora and fauna species identified within 5 km of the project area in the BDBSA search. Only BDBSA records from the past 20 years are shown (DEW 2019).

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4.2 Vegetation survey

The project area contains remnant coastal vegetation, planted and naturally regenerating native vegetation, landscaped gardens (amenity planting) and residential gardens (Table 5 and Figure 5). The coastal vegetation which contains Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland and Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest and the developed areas containing regenerating native vegetation were surveyed using the

Bushland Assessment Method. These areas are covered under the Native Vegetation Act 1991.

A total of 49 flora species, including 27 native, four planted native and 18 introduced species, were recorded within the project area (not including species within the landscaped or residential gardens) (Appendix 4). Five of the introduced species recorded are listed as declared weed species under the NRM Act, these were:

Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass), Cenchrus setaceus (Fountain Grass), Gazania linearis (Gazania), Lycium ferocissimum (African Boxthorn) and (Caltrop).

There was no conservation rated flora species recorded within the project area. One TEC, the Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh was recorded within the project area. The four patches of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland, totalling 1.54 ha, and approximately 0.11 ha of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest meet all of the key diagnostic characteristics for the TEC. Each of the vegetation associations are discussed further below.

Table 5. Summary of the vegetation associations and landforms recorded within the project area.

Vegetation association Landforms Area (ha) Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland Intertidal mudflat 1.54 Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest Intertidal mudflat 0.49 Planted/Natural Regeneration Artificial embankments 1.33 and soil piles Landscaped Gardens (Amenity Planting) Landscaped areas 1.59 Residential Gardens Landscaped areas Area not recorded due to access restrictions Total 4.95

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Figure 5. Vegetation associations and locations of the Bushland Assessment quadrats within the project area.

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Vegetation Association 1: Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland

The Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland was recorded in four locations, all of which were on the intertidal mud flats of the Upper Spencer Gulf (Figure 5). The total area of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland within the project area was 1.54 ha (0.02, 0.09, 0.53 and 0.90 ha). The vegetation association is dominated by low-growing salt-tolerant shrubs and forbs. Seven native flora species were recorded in total

(Appendix 4), these were: Avicennia marina ssp. marina (Grey Mangrove), Maireana oppositifolia (Salt Bluebush), Sarcocornia quinqueflora (Beaded Samphire), Suaeda australis (Austral Seablite), Tecticornia arbuscula (Shrubby Samphire) Tecticornia halocnemoides ssp. longispicata (Grey Samphire) and Wilsonia humilis (Silky Wilsonia).

Coastal saltmarsh habitats are typically low in flora diversity due to the high salinity and poor aeration of coastal muds.

As previously mentioned, all four areas of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland meet all of the key diagnostic characteristics for the Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh TEC.

Four BAM Quadrats (A2, B2, C2 and D2) were established within the Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed

Shrubland vegetation association (Figure 5). A representative photograph (Figure 6 to Figure 9) and summary of each the four BAM scoresheets is provided in Table 6 to Table 9. A relatively small section of the Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland located in BAM Quadrat A2 forms part of the existing 0.3 ha SEB Area

(2002_2097) as discussed in Section 2.3.

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Figure 6. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat A2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland.

Table 6. Summary of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat A2).

Area (ha): 0.90 BCM benchmark community: NA 10.1 Low Samphire Shrublands with Tidal Inundation / Hypersaline Landscape context score: 1.11 Vegetation condition score: 79.95 Conservation significance 1.30 score: Unit biodiversity score: 115.37 Total biodiversity score: 103.83

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Figure 7. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat B2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland.

Table 7. Summary of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat B2).

Area (ha): 0.09 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 63.96 Conservation significance 1.30 score: Unit biodiversity score: 88.14 Total biodiversity score: 7.93

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Figure 8. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat C2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland.

Table 8. Summary of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat C2).

Area (ha): 0.53 BCM benchmark community: NA 10.1 Low Samphire Shrublands with Tidal Inundation / Hypersaline Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 65.81 Conservation significance 1.30 score: Unit biodiversity score: 90.68 Total biodiversity score: 48.06

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Figure 9. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat D2. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland in the foreground.

Table 9. Summary of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (Bushland Assessment Quadrat D2).

Area (ha): 0.02 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 51.66 Conservation significance 1.30 score: Unit biodiversity score: 71.19 Total biodiversity score: 1.42

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Vegetation Association 2: Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest

The Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest was recorded in four locations, all of which were on the intertidal mud flats of the Upper Spencer Gulf (Figure 5). The four sections of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest covered a total area of 0.49 ha (0.31, 0.02, 0.12 and 0.04 ha). The vegetation association is dominated by small Avicennia marina ssp. marina (Grey Mangrove) trees. Low-growing salt-tolerant shrubs and forbs, including Sarcocornia quinqueflora (Beaded Samphire), Suaeda australis (Austral Seablite), Tecticornia arbuscula (Shrubby Samphire) Tecticornia halocnemoides ssp. longispicata (Grey Samphire) were recorded on the landward side of the Avicennia marina ssp. marina fringe.

Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forests in the Upper Spencer Gulf are typically low in flora diversity due to the fact they are inundated twice daily and contain poorly aerated coastal muds.

Approximately 0.11 ha of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest recorded within the 0.31 ha patch (BAM Quadrat A1) meets all of the key diagnostic characteristics for the Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh TEC. This area contains saltmarsh flora species and the Avicennia marina ssp. marina contains a proportional tree canopy cover of less than 50%. This area is on the landward side of the Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest where the association merges with the Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland (BAM Quadrat A2).

Four BAM Quadrats (A1, B1, C1 and D1) were established within the Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low

Closed Forest vegetation association (Figure 5). A representative photograph (Figure 10 to Figure 13) and summary of each the four BAM scoresheets is provided in Table 10 to Table 13.

A section of the Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest located in BAM Quadrat A1 forms part of the existing 0.3 ha SEB Area (2002_2097) as discussed in Section 2.3.

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Figure 10. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat A1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest.

Table 10. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat A1).

Area (ha): 0.31 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.11 Vegetation condition score: 75.03 Conservation significance 1.30 score: Unit biodiversity score: 108.27 Total biodiversity score: 33.56

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Figure 11. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat B1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest.

Table 11. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat B1).

Area (ha): 0.02 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 67.65 Conservation significance 1.10 score: Unit biodiversity score: 78.88 Total biodiversity score: 1.58

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Figure 12. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat C1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest.

Table 12. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat C1).

Area (ha): 0.12 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 67.65 Conservation significance 1.10 score: Unit biodiversity score: 78.88 Total biodiversity score: 9.47

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Figure 13. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat D1. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest.

Table 13. Summary of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat D1).

Area (ha): 0.04 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 71.34 Conservation significance 1.10 score: Unit biodiversity score: 83.18 Total biodiversity score: 3.33

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Vegetation Association 3: Planted/Natural Regeneration

There were seven sections totalling 1.33 ha within the project area which contained a mix of planted and naturally regenerating native vegetation (Figure 5). All seven areas have previously cleared of native vegetation, however all naturally regenerating native vegetation is covered under the NV Act. These developed areas are likely to have been originally cleared of native vegetation during the construction of the Greater Western Bridge

(approximately 1927) and Joy Baluch Bridge in 1972.

A total of 42 flora species were recorded which includes 20 native species, 18 introduced species and four planted (non-local species) (Appendix 4). Five of the introduced species recorded are listed as declared species under the NRM Act. These were Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass), Cenchrus setaceus (Fountain Grass), Gazania linearis (Gazania), Lycium ferocissimum (African Boxthorn) and Tribulus terrestris (Caltrop).

Common naturally regenerating native species included Acacia salicina (Willow Wattle), Acacia victoriae ssp (Elegant Wattle), Convolvulus remotus (Grassy Bindweed), Maireana brevifolia (Short-leaf Bluebush) Nitraria billardierei (Nitre-bush). The majority of groundcover layer was dominated by introduced flora species including Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass), Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon (Couch) and Galenia pubescens var. pubescens (Coastal Galenia).

Seven BAM Quadrats (E1, F1, G1a, G1b, G1c, G1d and G1e) were established within the areas containing a mix of planted and natural regenerating vegetation (Figure 5). A representative photograph (Figure 14 to Figure

20) and summary of each the seven BAM scoresheets is provided in Table 14 to Table 16.

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Figure 14. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat E1. Planted/Natural Regeneration.

Table 14. Summary of Planted/Natural Regeneration vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat E1).

Area (ha): 0.14 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 12.26 Conservation significance 1.00 score: Unit biodiversity score: 13.00 Total biodiversity score: 1.82

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Figure 15. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat F1. Planted/Natural Regeneration.

Table 15. Summary of Planted / Natural Regeneration vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrat F1).

Area (ha): 0.36 BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.07 Vegetation condition score: 14.50 Conservation significance 1.00 score: Unit biodiversity score: 15.52 Total biodiversity score: 5.59

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Figure 16. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1a. Planted/Natural Regeneration.

Figure 17. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1b. Planted/Natural Regeneration.

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Figure 18. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1c. Planted/Natural Regeneration (foreground).

Figure 19. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1d. Planted/Natural Regeneration (background).

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Figure 20. Location of Bushland Assessment Quadrat G1e. Planted/Natural Regeneration (background).

Table 16. Summary of Planted / Natural Regeneration vegetation association (Bushland Assessment Quadrats G1a, G1b, G1c, G1d, G1e).

Area (ha): 0.83 (0.14, 0.38, 0.04, 0.21, 0.06) BCM benchmark community: N/A Landscape context score: 1.06 Vegetation condition score: 14.30 Conservation significance 1.00 score: Unit biodiversity score: 15.16 Total biodiversity score: 12.58

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Vegetation Association 4: Landscaped Gardens

There were 16 sections of Landscaped Garden (Amenity Planting), totalling an area of 1.59 ha recorded within the project area (Table 17 and Figure 21). The majority of the Landscaped Gardens contained non-local flora species. The vegetation within the Landscaped Garden areas is not covered under the NV Act. Pruning or removal of amenity vegetation incidental to new works associated with the project requires approval from the

Senior Environmental Advisor / Senior Environmental Process Advisor, Technical Services, Asset Management (DPTI). The removal of amenity vegetation will also require an offset of 1:1 or 1:2 as per the DPTI Vegetation Removal Policy (DPTI 2018). The Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project is in the early stages of planning and the design and vegetation clearance footprint are yet to be finalised. The SEB requirements for the removal of amenity vegetation will need to be calculated once the vegetation clearance footprint is finalised.

Photographs of the Landscaped Garden (Amenity Planting) areas are provided in Appendix 5.

Table 17. Description of the Landscaped Gardens (Amenity Planting) recorded within the project area.

Location (polygon number on Area Description Landscaped Gardens (ha) map (Figure 21)). 1 Several Eremophila sp. (Emu Bush) shrubs. 0.02 5 Parkland of Corymbia citriodora (Lemon-scented Gum) over Pennisetum 0.65 clandestinum (Kikuyu Grass). Section (0.02 ha) of Gahnia sp. (Sword Sedge) bordering northern side of Joy Baluch AM Bridge. 8 Parkland of Corymbia citriodora (Lemon-scented Gum) over Pennisetum 0.01 clandestinum (Kikuyu Grass). 9 Mix of Dietes sp. (African or Butterfly Iris), Lomandra longifolia (Spiny-head 0.04 Mat-rush), Myoporum parvifolium (Creeping Boobialla) and Westringia fruticosa (Coastal Rosemary) low shrubs. 10 Mix of Dietes sp. (African or Butterfly Iris), Lomandra longifolia (Spiny-head 0.02 Mat-rush), Myoporum parvifolium (Creeping Boobialla) and Westringia fruticosa (Coastal Rosemary) low shrubs. 16 Mix of Acacia ligulata (Sandhill Wattle), Eremophila sp. (Emu Bush) and 0.04 Maireana sedifolia (Bluebush) low shrubs. 17 Mix of Acacia ligulata (Sandhill Wattle), Eremophila sp. (Emu Bush) and 0.02 Maireana sedifolia (Bluebush) low shrubs. 18 Parkland of Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. (Blue Gum) and Eucalyptus sp. 0.42 (Eucalyptus) over Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu Grass). Contains a section (0.03 ha) of mixed garden including Eremophila sp. (Emu Bush) Lomandra longifolia (Spiny-head Mat-rush), Myoporum parvifolium (Creeping Boobialla) and Rhagodia sp. (Saltbush) low shrubs. 21 Parkland of Eucalyptus sp. (Eucalyptus) and Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay 0.10 Fig) over Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu Grass). Contains a section of mixed garden including Eremophila sp. (Emu Bush), Myoporum parvifolium (Creeping Boobialla), Lantana sp. (Lantana), Dietes sp. (African or Butterfly Iris), Brachychiton populneus (Kurrajong), Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Grevillea sp. (Grevillea). 25 Linear mulched garden bed containing two planted Acacia ligulata 0.03 (Umbrella Bush) and one Acacia pendula (Weeping Myall).

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Location (polygon number on Area Description Landscaped Gardens (ha) map (Figure 21)). 26 Parkland of mature Eucalyptus camaldulensis ssp. (River Red Gum), Acacia 0.01 salicina (Willow Wattle) and Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island Palm) over Contains a small section of mixed garden. 27 Parkland containing two planted trees, Eucalyptus camaldulensis ssp. (River 0.06 Red Gum) and Eucalyptus sp. over Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu Grass). 28 Linear planting of Brachychiton populneus (Kurrajong) street trees. 0.03 29 Linear planting of mature trees along railway corridor boundary. Species 0.07 include: Eucalyptus camaldulensis ssp. (River Red Gum), Eucalyptus sp., Acacia salicina (Willow Wattle), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo Pine), Brachychiton populneus (Kurrajong) and Jacaranda mimosifolia (Jacaranda). 30 Three large Tamarix aphylla (Athel Pine) (planted in a group). 0.04 31 Acacia salicina (Broughton Willow). Difficult to establish whether it is one 0.03 tree due to its suckering habit. The tree is likely to have regenerated, approximately 10-12 years old. Growing in a soil pile. The soil pile was placed to create a ‘dead end’ for the rail line. Total 1.59

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Figure 21. Location of the Landscaped Gardens (Amenity Planting) within the project area.

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Figure 22. Location of Landscaped Garden (Amenity Planting) photopoints.

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Vegetation Association 5: Residential Gardens

The vegetation at five residential properties was assessed. This included 16 Tassie Street, 3 Mill Street, 4 Mill Street, 51 Mackay Street and 53 Mackay Street (Figure 23). A summary of the vegetation recorded at each property is provided in the following section.

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Figure 23. Location of residential properties assessed for vegetation.

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16 Tassie Street (D976 A9 CT6220/957 and D976 A10 CT6220/958)

The 0.07 ha property contained several mature Acacia salicina (Willow Wattle) trees (Figure 24 and Figure 25). The trees may have been planted or have naturally regenerated. It was decided that the trees would not require a clearance endorsement under the NV Act and would therefore be categorised as amenity vegetation (G. Carpenter personal communication, July 30, 2019). Pruning or removal of amenity vegetation incidental to new works associated with the project requires approval from the Senior Environmental Advisor / Senior Environmental Process Advisor, Technical Services, Asset Management (DPTI). The removal of amenity vegetation will also require an offset of 1:1 or 1:2 as per the DPTI Vegetation Removal Policy (DPTI 2018).

Other vegetation recorded within the property included: Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon (Couch), Enchylaena tomentosa var. (Ruby Saltbush), Eucalyptus sp. (non-local), Galenia pubescens var. pubescens (Coastal Galenia), Lycium ferocissimum (African Boxthorn), Piptatherum miliaceum (Rice Millet) and Sisymbrium erysimoides

(Smooth Mustard). Lycium ferocissimum is listed as declared species under the NRM Act.

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Figure 24. 16 Tassie Street (front).

Figure 25. 16 Tassie Street (back).

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3 Mill Street (D976 A19 CT5773/990 and D976 A20 CT 5773/990)

The 0.07 ha contained a very diverse garden including planted and potted . It is likely that all vegetation on the property has been planted including the large Eucalyptus camaldulensis ssp. (Redgum) (Figure 27). The

Eucalyptus camaldulensis ssp. is approximately 15 m in height. Other trees on the property included: Callistemon sp. (Bottlebrush), Citharexylum spinosum (Fiddlewood), Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. (Bluegum), Eucalyptus torquata (Coral Gum), Lagunaria patersonia (Norfolk Island Hibiscus), Melia azedarach (White Cedar) and Musa sp. (Banana/Plantain).

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Figure 26. 3 Mill Street (front).

Figure 27. 3 Mill Street (back).

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4 Mill Street (F207263 A103 CT5457/866 and F207263 A104 CT5457/866)

The 0.08 ha property contained a large garden hedge (species unknown (planted)) in the front yard (Figure 28). Other planted vegetation recorded included: Bougainvillea sp. (Bougainvillea), Callistemon sp. (Bottlebrush),

Dracaena marginata (Dragon Tree), Hibiscus sp. (Hibiscus), Jasminum officinale (Common jasmine) and Lantana sp. (Lantana) (Figure 29).

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Figure 28. 4 Mill Street (front).

Figure 29. 4 Mill Street (back).

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51 Mackay Street (D976 A39 CT6172/864)

The 0.04 ha property contained a small patch of Nerium oleander (Oleander) in the front yard (Figure 30). No other vegetation was recorded (Figure 32).

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Figure 30. 51 Mackay Street (front).

Figure 31. 51 Mackay Street (back) (foreground).

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53 Mackay Street (D976 A40 CT5127/444)

The 0.03 ha property contained a mixed garden in the front yard (Figure 32) and a single tree in the back yard which appeared to be a Prunus sp. (Stone Fruit Tree) (Figure 33). The garden in the front yard included,

Brachychiton populneus (Kurrajong), Callistemon sp. (Bottlebrush), Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat), Geranium sp. (Geranium), Lavandula sp. (Lavender) and Tribulus terrestris (Caltrop). Tribulus terrestris is listed as declared species under the NRM Act.

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Figure 32. 53 Mackay Street (front).

Figure 33. 53 Mackay Street (back) (background).

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4.3 Fauna survey

A total of 21 bird species and one reptile species, Eastern Desert Ctenotus (Ctenotus regius) species were detected within the project area (Table 18). Four of the bird species recorded are introduced. These were: Feral Pigeon (Columba livia), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Spotted Dove (Spilopelia chinensis) and Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). None of the fauna species recorded are listed as threatened under the EPBC Act or

NPW Act.

The Masked Lapwing (Vanellus miles) (Figure 34), White-plumed Honeyeater (Ptilotula penicillata) (Figure 35) and White-faced Heron (Egretta novaehollandiae) were observed feeding and foraging within the coastal habitat. Additional surveys within the project area would likely result in additional species of regionally common birds and possibly reptiles being recorded. The complete list of fauna species identified in the 5 km BDBSA search is provided in Appendix 3.

Table 18. Fauna observations within the project area.

Quantity observed/comment Family name Species name Common name Coastal habitat Other areas

Birds ARDEIDAE Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron 1 ARTAMIDAE Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie 3 CACATUIDAE Cacatua sanguinea sanguinea Little Corella <30 CACATUIDAE Eolophus roseicapilla Galah 20

CASUARIIDAE Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu Tracks and scats 1 CHARADRIIDAE Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing 3 COLUMBIDAE *Columba livia Feral Pigeon Common under Common Great Western under existing Bridge Joy Baluch Bridge

COLUMBIDAE Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon 2 5 COLUMBIDAE *Spilopelia chinensis Spotted Dove 1 CORVIDAE Corvus coronoides Australian Raven 7 HIRUNDINIDAE Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow Common Common LARIDAE Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Silver Gull Common Common

MELIPHAGIDAE Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird 2 3 MELIPHAGIDAE Gavicalis virescens Singing Honeyeater 2

MELIPHAGIDAE Ptilotula penicillata White-plumed Honeyeater <20 8 MONARCHIDAE Grallina cyanoleuca Magpielark 5 PASSERIDAE *Passer domesticus House Sparrow Common Parvipsitta porphyrocephala Purple-crowned Lorikeet 2 PSITTACULIDAE haematodus 3 RHIPIDURIDAE Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail 1 STURNIDAE *Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling 5

Reptiles SCINCIDAE Ctenotus regius Eastern Desert Ctenotus 2 * = Introduced species.

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Figure 34. Masked Lapwing (Vanellus miles). Figure 35. White-plumed Honeyeater (Ptilotula penicillata).

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4.5 Requirements of the Native Vegetation Regulations

The following section provides information on how the proposed clearance meets the requirements of the Native Vegetation Regulations.

Regulatory requirements

The provisions of the NV Act provide for the clearance of native vegetation either by application to the NVC for consent to clear or under exemptions contained in the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017. It is considered that native vegetation clearance required for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project falls under the provisions of Division 5 of the NV Act which provide for the clearance of native vegetation under Part 6 (other Activities) Regulation 12 (clause 34).

34—Infrastructure

(1) Clearance of vegetation—

(a) incidental to the construction or expansion of a building or infrastructure where the Minister has, by instrument in writing, declared that the Minister is satisfied that the clearance is in the public interest; or

(b) required in connection with the provision of infrastructure or services to a building or

proposed building, or to any place,

provided that any development authorisation required by or under the Development Act has been obtained.

(2) In this clause—

infrastructure includes—

(a) flood mitigation works; and

(b) an airstrip; and

(c) a shipping channel; and

(d) a public reservoir.

infrastructure means—

(a) the infrastructure, equipment, structures, works and other facilities used in or in connection

with the supply of water or electricity, gas or other forms of energy, the provision of telecommunications, or the drainage, removal or treatment of waste water or sewage; or

(b) roads and their supporting structures or works; or

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(c) ports, wharfs, jetties, railways, trams and busways.

Risk Assessment

The level of risk was determined in accordance with Table 1 of the Guide for applications to Clear Native Vegetation (NVC 2017b). The level of risk has been assessed as 3 on the basis that the Total Biodiversity Score is less than 250. The Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project is in the early stages of planning. The design and vegetation clearance footprint are yet to be finalised. The Total Biodiversity Score summary provided in Table 19 takes in to consideration all vegetation covered under the NV Act within the defined project area. It is highly unlikely that this level of native vegetation will require clearance.

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Table 19. Summary of biodiversity scores.

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 F1 G1 Total Biodiversity 33.56 103.83 1.58 7.93 9.47 48.06 3.33 1.42 1.82 5.59 12.58 229.17 score

4.6 Mitigation hierarchy

When exercising a power or making a decision under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017, the NVC must have regard to the mitigation hierarchy. The NVC will assess the measures taken to avoid and minimize impacts on biodiversity and rare or threatened species or ecological communities within the property or immediate vicinity of the development. As previously mentioned, the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project is in the early stages of planning and the design and vegetation clearance footprint are yet to be finalised.

It is recommended that the mitigation hierarchy section is completed once the vegetation clearance footprint is finalised and prior to lodging the native vegetation clearance proposal to the NVC.

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5 Significant Environmental Benefit

A SEB is required for approval to clear under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017. The NVC must be satisfied that as a result of the loss of vegetation from the clearance that an SEB will result in a positive impact on the environment that is over and above the negative impact of the clearance.

5.1 Clearance area

The Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project is in the early stages of planning and the design and vegetation clearance footprint are yet to be finalised. The following summary of SEB requirements takes in to consideration all vegetation covered under the NV Act within the defined project area. It is highly unlikely that this level of native vegetation will require clearance. It is recommended that the SEB requirements be recalculated once the vegetation clearance footprint is finalised.

The Native Vegetation SEB Requirement for clearance of 3.36 ha of native vegetation under this proposal is 30.09 ha or a payment of $83,376.69 (including administrative fees) into the Native Vegetation Fund (Table 20).

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Table 20. Summary of the SEB requirements for clearance of remnant vegetation for the development of the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project.

BAM Quadrat Total A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 F1 G1 Area (ha) of 0.31 0.9 0.02 0.09 0.12 0.53 0.04 0.02 0.14 0.36 0.83 3.36 proposed impact Loss factor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mean rainfall for 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 the site (mm) Unit Biodiversity 108.27 115.37 78.88 88.14 78.88 90.68 83.18 71.19 13.00 15.52 15.16 Score Total Biodiversity 33.56 103.83 1.58 7.93 9.47 48.06 3.33 1.42 1.82 5.59 12.58 229.17 Score SEB points required 35.24 109.02 1.66 8.33 9.94 50.46 3.49 1.49 1.91 5.86 13.21 240.61 Hectares required 4.41 13.63 0.21 1.04 1.24 6.31 0.44 0.19 0.24 0.73 1.65 30.09 Payment into the $11,629.64 $35,977.46 $546.64 $2,748.55 $3,279.83 $16,652.80 $1,152.91 $493.33 $630.50 $1,935.34 $4,359.37 $79,406.37 Native Vegetation Fund Administration fee $581.48 $1,798.87 $27.33 $137.43 $163.99 $832.64 $57.65 $24.67 $31.52 $96.77 $217.97 $3,970.32 Total $12,211.12 $37,776.33 $573.97 $2,885.98 $3,443.82 $17,485.44 $1,210.56 $518.00 $662.02 $2,032.11 $4,577.34 $83,376.69

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6 Discussion

The Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project is in the early stages of planning and the design and vegetation clearance footprints are yet to be finalised. There was a total of 3.36 ha within the project area which is covered under the NV Act. This includes remnant coastal vegetation which contains Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed

Shrubland and Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest and developed areas which contain a mix of planted and naturally regenerating native vegetation.

There is an existing SEB offset area of 0.3 ha located within the project area. This SEB area was established in 2002 as an offset by the City of Port Augusta. It is possible to clear native vegetation that is already under an

SEB offset but it requires a greater offset. There is also a loading to take into account the time taken to achieve the existing SEB offset. The loading ranges from 0.1 x SEB offset area to 1.0 x SEB offset area, depending on how long ago the SEB offset was established (up to 10 years). In this instance the loading is 1.0 as the SEB offset was established in 2002.

A total of 1.54 ha of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland and approximately 0.11 ha of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest which met all of the key diagnostic characteristics for the Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh TEC (Aus: vulnerable) recorded within the project area. It is very unlikely that the total 1.65 ha will require clearance for the development of the project. Preliminary concept plans would suggest that a relatively small area of the Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh TEC may require clearance. The development of the project is unlikely to have a significant impact on the TEC. Furthermore, only TEC’s listed as critically endangered and endangered are required to be referred under the current EPBC Act ‘significant impact guidelines’ (DotE 2013).

No threatened flora or fauna species, or migratory species listed under the EPBC Act or NPW Act were detected within the project area during the survey. Following the desktop study and field survey it was considered that nine threatened bird species (EBPC Act and NPW Act) and eight birds listed as migratory species under the

EPBC Act could possibly utilise the intertidal mudflats and saltmarsh habitat within the project area, however this is likely to be on a very infrequent basis. It is considered based on this assessment that the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project is not likely to have a significant impact on any terrestrial matter protected by the EPBC Act. Accordingly, there is no requirement to refer the project under the EPBC Act.

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7 References

DEW (2019) Biological Databases of South Australia extract. Recordset number DEWNRBDBSA 190115-1. Data sourced on 19 January 2019. Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide.

DSEWPC (2013) Conservation Advice for Subtropical And Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh. Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities/pubs/118-conservation-advice.pdf Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra.

DoEE (2018a) Australia's bioregions (IBRA). Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/land/nrs/science/ibra

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra.

DoEE (2018b) EPBC Act Protected Matters Report. Report created 8 January 2019. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra.

DoEE (2018c) Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia - Information sheet. Upper Spencer Gulf - SA020.

Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/wetlands/report.pl?smode=DOIW;doiw_refcodelist=SA020 Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra.

DotE (2013) Matters of National Environmental Significance Significant impact guidelines 1.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/publications/significant-impact-guidelines-11-matters-national-environmental-significance Department of the Environment, Canberra.

DPTI (2018) Vegetation Removal Policy – Standard Operating Policy under the Native Vegetation Act 1991.

Available from: https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/topics/native-vegetation/clearing/clearance-applications. The Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure, Adelaide.

NVC (2017a) Bushland Assessment Manual, Native Vegetation Management Unit. Available from: http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/managing-natural-resources/native-vegetation/clearing-offsetting/vegetation-assessments Native Vegetation Council, Adelaide.

NVC (2017b) Guide for applications to clear native vegetation Under the Native Vegetation Act 1991 and Native Vegetation Regulations 2017. Native Vegetation Management Unit. Available from: Native Vegetation Council, Adelaide.

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8 Appendices

Appendix 1. Native vegetation clearance proposal applicant details.

Applicant: Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure Key contact: These details will be provided once the vegetation clearance footprints for the project are finalised. Landowner: These details will be provided once the vegetation clearance footprints for the project are finalised. Site Address: The Joy Baluch AM Bridge (Eyre Highway), Port Augusta Local Government Area: Port Augusta City Council Hundred: These details will be Certificate of Title: These details will be provided once Section/Allotment: provided once the the vegetation clearance footprints vegetation clearance for the project are finalised. footprints for the project are finalised. Summary of Application Proposed clearance area: The Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project is in the early stages of planning and the design and vegetation clearance footprint are yet to be finalised. The following summary of ‘clearance areas’ takes in to consideration of all vegetation covered under the NV Act within the defined project area. It is highly unlikely that this level of native vegetation will require clearance. • 0.49 ha of Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest. • 1.54 ha of Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland. • 0.83 ha of planted and naturally regenerating native vegetation. Applicable regulation Clearance is required to facilitate the development of the Joy Baluch AM Bridge and purpose of the duplication project. The Project has been determined to fall under Regulation 12 of the clearance Native Vegetation Regulations 2017, under the Infrastructure provisions of Schedule 1, Part 6 (clause 34). Level of risk The level of risk was determined in accordance with Table 1 of the Guide for applications to Clear Native Vegetation (NVC 2017b). The level of risk has been assessed as 3 on the basis that the Total Biodiversity Score is less than 250. The Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication project is in the early stages of planning. The design and vegetation clearance footprint are yet to be finalised. The Total Biodiversity Score of 229.17 takes in to consideration of all vegetation covered under the NV Act within the defined project area. It is highly unlikely that this level of native vegetation will require clearance. Proposed SEB offset: The proponent will consider the SEB offset when the clearance footprint for the project layout is finalised. It is likely that the SEB offset would be in the form of payment into the Native Vegetation Fund.

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Appendix 2. Flora species recorded in the BDBSA within 5 km of the project area (all years shown) (DEW 2019).

Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record ACANTHACEAE Rostellularia adscendens var. Pink Tongues 15/03/37 pogonanthera AIZOACEAE Disphyma crassifolium ssp. Round-leaf Pigface 28/06/10 clavellatum Galenia pubescens var. Coastal Galenia Y 26/11/02 pubescens Galenia secunda Galenia Y 27/10/16 Gunniopsis quadrifida Sturt's Pigface 22/10/74 Mesembryanthemum aitonis Angled Iceplant Y 7/06/97 Mesembryanthemum Common Iceplant Y 18/10/96 crystallinum Mesembryanthemum Slender Iceplant Y 18/10/96 nodiflorum Psilocaulon granulicaule Match-head Plant Y 7/06/97 Sarcozona praecox Sarcozona 23/08/01 Tetragonia eremaea Desert Spinach 30/08/68 Tetragonia tetragonoides New Zealand Spinach Alternanthera pungens Khaki Weed Y 1/04/86 Amaranthus deflexus Spreading Amaranth Y 16/02/97 Amaranthus viridis Green Amaranth Y 1/08/03 Hemichroa diandra Mallee Hemichroa 28/06/10 Ptilotus obovatus Silver Mulla Mulla 21/09/09 ASCLEPIADACEAE Cynanchum viminale ssp. Caustic Bush 7/03/95 australe Orbea variegata Carrion-flower Y 9/08/95 AVICENNIACEAE Avicennia marina ssp. marina Grey Mangrove 18/10/96 BORAGINACEAE Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane Y 10/11/95 Heliotropium amplexicaule Blue Heliotrope Y 16/03/87 Heliotropium europaeum Common Heliotrope Y 7/03/95 BlackOak Environmental Page | 76 Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record CACTACEAE Austrocylindropuntia subulata Eve's-pin Cactus Y 27/08/85 Cylindropuntia fulgida var. Y 27/11/09 mamillata Opuntia elata Riverina Pear Y 18/11/05 Opuntia elatior Y 27/08/85 Opuntia ficus-indica Indian Fig Y 25/10/04 Opuntia linguiformis Y 6/09/06 Opuntia microdasys Bunny-ears Y 6/11/06 Opuntia monacantha Drooping Prickly Pear Y 27/08/85 Opuntia robusta Wheel Pear Y 25/01/05 Opuntia stricta Erect Prickly Pear Y 18/11/05 Opuntia tomentosa Velvet Pear Y 27/08/85 CARYOPHYLLACEAE Spergularia diandra Lesser Sand-spurrey Y 18/10/96 Spergularia diandra (NC) Lesser Sand-spurrey Y 18/10/96 CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina helmsii Helm's Oak-bush 1/12/50 Casuarina pauper Black Oak 11/04/95 CENTROLEPIDACEAE Centrolepis eremica Dryland Centrolepis 20/08/89 CERAMIACEAE Warrenia comosa 6/09/73 CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex angulata Fan Saltbush 3/07/95 Atriplex eardleyae Eardley's Saltbush 25/02/97 Atriplex holocarpa Pop Saltbush 1/12/05 Atriplex limbata Spreading Saltbush 8/03/97 Atriplex lindleyi ssp. Baldoo conduplicata Atriplex lindleyi ssp. inflata Corky Saltbush 18/10/96 Atriplex pumilio Mat Saltbush 8/03/97 Atriplex semibaccata Berry Saltbush 8/03/97 Atriplex spongiosa Pop Saltbush 18/10/96 Atriplex suberecta Lagoon Saltbush 25/02/97

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Atriplex velutinella Sandhill Saltbush 28/09/20 Atriplex vesicaria Bladder Saltbush 20/02/02 Chenopodium curvispicatum Cottony Goosefoot 18/02/93 Chenopodium desertorum ssp. Mallee Goosefoot 12/06/60 anidiophyllum Chenopodium desertorum ssp. Frosted Goosefoot 20/11/76 desertorum Chenopodium desertorum ssp. Small-leaf Goosefoot 1/10/11 microphyllum Dissocarpus biflorus var. biflorus Two-horn Saltbush 19/04/97 Dissocarpus paradoxus Ball Bindyi 7/09/59 Dysphania cristata Crested Crumbweed 25/02/97 Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Climbing Saltbush 16/08/90 Enchylaena tomentosa var. Ruby Saltbush 18/10/96 tomentosa Maireana appressa Pale-fruit Bluebush 21/09/09 Maireana astrotricha Low Bluebush 3/07/95 Maireana brevifolia Short-leaf Bluebush 1/12/05 Maireana cannonii Cannon's Bluebush 30/01/15 Maireana ciliata Hairy Fissure-plant 22/04/63 Maireana eriantha Woolly Bluebush 4/07/42 Maireana erioclada Rosy Bluebush 29/09/20 Maireana georgei Satiny Bluebush 19/08/66 Maireana integra Entire-wing Bluebush 20/11/76 Maireana lobiflora Lobed Bluebush 16/05/87 Maireana pentatropis Erect Mallee Bluebush 19/02/93 Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush 26/11/02 Maireana sedifolia Bluebush 16/08/90 Maireana trichoptera Hairy-fruit Bluebush 4/07/62

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Maireana turbinata Top-fruit Bluebush 15/09/73 Malacocera gracilis Slender Soft-horns V 27/10/16 Malacocera tricornis Goat-head Soft-horns 19/02/93 Osteocarpum acropterum var. Tuberculate Bonefruit 29/09/20 acropterum Osteocarpum dipterocarpum Two-wing Bonefruit 27/10/16 Osteocarpum salsuginosum Inland Bonefruit 17/09/71 Rhagodia crassifolia Fleshy Saltbush 20/11/76 Rhagodia spinescens Spiny Saltbush 18/10/96 Sarcocornia blackiana Thick-head Samphire 21/09/09 Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded Samphire 18/10/96 Sclerolaena cuneata Tangled Bindyi 28/06/10 Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Bindyi 23/08/01 Sclerolaena divaricata Tangled Bindyi 22/09/09 Sclerolaena lanicuspis Spinach Bindyi 30/08/68 Sclerolaena limbata Pearl Bindyi 1/10/08 Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Oblique-spined Bindyi 22/09/09 Sclerolaena patenticuspis Spear-fruit Bindyi 18/10/96 Sclerolaena uniflora Small-spine Bindyi 8/03/97 Sclerolaena ventricosa Salt Bindyi 30/08/68 Suaeda aegyptiaca Y 27/05/05 Suaeda australis Austral Seablite 8/03/97 Tecticornia arbuscula Shrubby Samphire 18/10/96 Tecticornia halocnemoides ssp. Grey Samphire 28/06/10 halocnemoides Tecticornia halocnemoides ssp. Grey Samphire 11/04/95 longispicata Tecticornia indica ssp. bidens Brown-head Samphire 21/09/09

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Tecticornia indica ssp. Brown-head Samphire 28/06/10 leiostachya Tecticornia medullosa 15/10/37 Tecticornia pergranulata ssp. Black-seed Samphire 8/03/97 pergranulata Tecticornia pruinosa Bluish Samphire 5/02/35 Tecticornia tenuis Slender Samphire 9/01/18 Threlkeldia diffusa Coast Bonefruit 20/11/76 COMPOSITAE Achillea millefolium Yarrow Y 1/01/89 Angianthus glabratus Smooth Angianthus 27/10/16 Brachyscome ciliaris var. Woolly Variable Daisy 21/09/09 lanuginosa Brachyscome dichromosomatica Large Hard-head Daisy 29/09/20 var. dichromosomatica Brachyscome lineariloba Hard-head Daisy 20/08/89 Brachyscome perpusilla Tiny Daisy 20/08/89 Calotis erinacea Tangled Burr-daisy 12/06/60 Calotis hispidula Hairy Burr-daisy 10/11/95 Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle Y 10/11/95 Centipeda crateriformis ssp. Desert Sneezeweed 17/09/12 compacta Chthonocephalus pseudevax Ground-heads 28/09/20 Conyza bonariensis Flax-leaf Fleabane Y 18/02/93 Eriochlamys behrii Woolly Mantle Erodiophyllum elderi Koonamore Daisy 30/09/55 Gazania sp. Gazania Y 1/01/10 Gnephosis tenuissima Dwarf Golden-tip 10/11/95 Helianthus annuus Sunflower Y 14/03/62 Helichrysum leucopsideum Satin Everlasting 1/07/15 Hyalosperma semisterile Orange Sunray 20/08/89

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Isoetopsis graminifolia Grass Cushion Ixodia achillaeoides ssp. alata Hills Daisy 1/08/13 Lawrencella davenportii Davenport Daisy 1/07/15 Leiocarpa leptolepis Pale Plover-daisy 1/01/54 Leiocarpa sp. Plover-daisy 6/10/10 Leiocarpa tomentosa Woolly Plover-daisy 21/09/09 Leiocarpa websteri Narrow Plover-daisy 16/05/87 Minuria cunninghamii Bush Minuria 28/06/10 Olearia pimeleoides Pimelea Daisy-bush 23/08/35 Oligocarpus calendulaceus Y 8/03/97 Pascalia glauca Pascalia Weed Y 10/04/49 Podolepis capillaris Wiry Podolepis 16/05/56 Pycnosorus pleiocephalus Soft Billy-buttons 28/08/68 Reichardia tingitana False Sowthistle Y 25/02/97 Rhodanthe corymbiflora Paper Everlasting 22/09/09 Rhodanthe microglossa Clustered Everlasting 15/09/73 Rhodanthe moschata Musk Daisy 21/09/09 Rhodanthe polygalifolia Milkwort Everlasting 23/08/01 Rhodanthe stuartiana Clay Everlasting 24/10/66 Rhodanthe troedelii Small Paper-everlasting 22/08/60 Schoenia ramosissima Dainty Everlasting 20/08/89 Senecio cunninghamii var. Shrubby Groundsel 1/04/09 cunninghamii Senecio cunninghamii var. Shrubby Groundsel 0/01/00 flindersensis Senecio gawlerensis Gawler Ranges Groundsel 1/01/18 Senecio glossanthus Annual Groundsel 28/09/30 Senecio gregorii Fleshy Groundsel Senecio megaglossus Large-flower Groundsel VU E 0/01/00

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Senecio spanomerus 16/05/58 Solidago canadensis Golden Rod Y 1/04/03 Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle Y 7/07/97 Tagetes minuta Stinking Roger Y 5/04/82 Taraxacum khatoonae Dandelion Y 21/11/08 Trichanthodium skirrophorum Woolly Yellow-heads 1/01/91 Vittadinia australasica var. Sticky New Holland Daisy 23/08/35 australasica Vittadinia cervicularis var. Waisted New Holland Daisy 23/08/01 cervicularis Vittadinia cuneata var. cuneata Fuzzy New Holland Daisy 18/02/93 CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus crispifolius Silver Bindweed 17/09/12 Convolvulus microsepalus Small-flower Bindweed 5/05/98 Convolvulus remotus Grassy Bindweed 21/09/09 CRASSULACEAE Crassula colligata ssp. 21/09/09 lamprosperma Crassula colorata var. Dense Crassula 21/09/09 acuminata Crassula colorata var. colorata Dense Crassula 27/09/20 CRUCIFERAE Arabidella nasturtium Yellow Cress 15/07/68 Arabidella trisecta Shrubby Cress 4/07/62 Brassica rapa ssp. rapa Turnip Rape Y 27/09/85 Brassica tournefortii Wild Turnip Y 3/09/62 Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed Y 26/11/02 Diplotaxis muralis Wall Rocket Y 5/02/35 Eruca sativa Purple-vein Rocket Y 12/08/86 Hornungia procumbens Oval Purse Y Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress Y 8/03/97 Lepidium phlebopetalum Veined Peppercress 30/08/68

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Phlegmatospermum Downy Cress 23/08/01 cochlearinum Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish Y 27/09/85 Sisymbrium erysimoides Smooth Mustard Y 23/08/01 Sisymbrium irio London Mustard Y 18/10/96 CUPRESSACEAE Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress-pine 22/09/09 CYPERACEAE Cyperus arenarius Sand Sedge Y 14/03/62 Cyperus gilesii Giles' Flat-sedge 16/03/39 Cyperus rigidellus Dwarf Flat-sedge 1/05/21 CYSTOSEIRACEAE Caulocystis cephalornithos 31/12/50 Cystophora expansa 10/04/50 Cystoseira trinodis 31/12/50 Hormophysa cuneiformis 31/12/50 Scaberia agardhii 31/12/50 DELESSERIACEAE Acrosorium ciliolatum 4/11/73 DICTYOTACEAE Distromium flabellatum 6/09/73 DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion Y 25/02/97 DUMONTIACEAE Dudresnaya australis 5/09/73 ERYTHROTRICHIACEAE Erythrotrichia carnea 29/04/87 EUPHORBIACEAE Beyeria lechenaultii Pale Turpentine Bush 29/07/69 Euphorbia cyathophora Y 25/04/86 Euphorbia inappendiculata var. queenslandica Euphorbia tannensis ssp. Desert Spurge 7/03/95 eremophila Euphorbia terracina False Caper Y 1/01/50 Phyllanthus lacunarius Lagoon Spurge 19/02/93 Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant Y 14/03/06 FRANKENIACEAE Frankenia serpyllifolia Thyme Sea-heath 17/09/12

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record GOODENIACEAE Goodenia lunata Stiff Goodenia 3/07/95 Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf Goodenia 30/08/68 Scaevola collaris 27/10/16 Scaevola humilis Inland Fanflower 1/12/52 Scaevola spinescens Spiny Fanflower 22/10/52 GRAMINEAE Aristida anthoxanthoides Yellow Three-awn 1/05/21 Austrostipa drummondii Cottony Spear-grass 21/09/09 Austrostipa nitida Balcarra Spear-grass 21/09/09 Austrostipa nodosa Tall Spear-grass 25/02/97 Austrostipa scabra ssp. falcata Slender Spear-grass 23/08/01 Avena barbata Bearded Oat Y 26/11/02 Bromus arenarius Sand Brome 28/09/50 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel Grass Y 23/04/14 Cenchrus echinatus Y 23/04/14 Cenchrus longispinus Spiny Burr-grass Y 12/03/15 Chloris virgata Feather-top Rhodes Grass Y 8/03/97 Cynodon dactylon (NC) Couch Y 26/11/02 Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Couch Y 7/03/95 Dactyloctenium radulans Button-grass 18/02/93 Digitaria brownii Cotton Panic-grass 1/05/21 Digitaria sanguinalis Crab Grass Y 26/12/20 Enneapogon avenaceus Common Bottle-washers 21/09/09 Enneapogon cylindricus Jointed Bottle-washers 1/02/52 Enneapogon nigricans Black-head Grass 21/09/09 Enneapogon polyphyllus Leafy Bottle-washers 16/03/06 Enteropogon ramosus Umbrella Grass 1/05/51 Eragrostis australasica Cane-grass 19/02/93 Eragrostis cilianensis Stink Grass Y 1/01/51 Eragrostis dielsii Mulka 18/02/93

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Eragrostis falcata Sickle Love-grass 22/12/92 Eragrostis leptocarpa Drooping Love-grass 1/05/21 Eragrostis setifolia Bristly Love-grass 27/10/16 Eragrostis trichophora Hairyflower Lovegrass Y 23/04/14 Eriochloa australiensis Australian Cupgrass 15/03/37 Hordeum glaucum Blue Barley-grass Y 18/10/96 Lamarckia aurea Toothbrush Grass Y 13/10/64 Melinis repens Red Natal Grass Y 12/12/91 Paractaenum novae-hollandiae Barbed-wire Grass 15/03/37 ssp. reversum Paractaenum refractum Bristle-brush Grass 28/04/45 Phragmites australis Common Reed 8/03/97 Rostraria cristata Annual Cat's-tail Y 29/09/20 Rostraria pumila Tiny Bristle-grass Y 29/07/69 Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass Y 21/09/09 Setaria basiclada 8/03/97 Setaria constricta Knotty-butt Paspalidium 25/02/97 Setaria verticillata Whorled Pigeon-grass Y 22/12/91 Sporobolus actinocladus Ray Grass 15/03/37 Thinopyrum elongatum Tall Wheat-grass Y 16/01/87 Tragus australianus Small Burr-grass 19/02/93 Triraphis mollis Purple Plume Grass 19/02/93 Zygochloa paradoxa Sandhill Cane-grass 21/09/09 HORMOSIRACEAE Hormosira banksii f. billardieri 15/08/78 IRIDACEAE Moraea setifolia Thread Iris Y 27/09/91 JUNCACEAE Juncus acutus Sharp Rush Y 8/03/97 LABIATAE Ajuga australis f. A (A.G.Spooner Australian Bugle 29/08/52 9058) Marrubium vulgare Horehound Y 3/12/35

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Prostanthera behriana Downy Mintbush 28/09/52 Salvia verbenaca var. Wild Sage Y 26/11/02 Teucrium racemosum Grey Germander 8/03/97 Westringia rigida Stiff Westringia 16/05/58 LEGUMINOSAE Acacia anceps 1/07/41 Acacia burkittii Pin-bush Wattle 29/07/66 Acacia calamifolia Wallowa 19/08/55 Acacia continua Thorn Wattle 28/08/75 Acacia ligulata Umbrella Bush 20/11/76 Acacia notabilis Notable Wattle 1/12/50 Acacia oswaldii Umbrella Wattle 19/02/93 Acacia papyrocarpa Western Myall 21/09/09 Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo Thorn 27/08/75 Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle 28/08/79 Acacia ramulosa var. ramulosa Horse Mulga 1/01/41 Acacia tetragonophylla Dead Finish 16/09/12 Acacia victoriae ssp. victoriae Elegant Wattle 22/09/09 Daviesia arenaria Sand Bitter-pea 25/09/12 Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea 1/10/32 Daviesia pectinata Zig-zag Bitter-pea R 1/09/41 Eutaxia microphylla Common Eutaxia 28/09/69 Glycine rubiginosa Twining Glycine 27/08/75 Indigofera australis ssp. Austral Indigo australis Lotus australis Austral Trefoil 1/10/32 Lotus cruentus Red-flower Lotus 10/11/95 Medicago minima var. minima Little Medic Y 3/09/62 Medicago praecox Small-leaf Burr-medic Y 28/09/20 Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic Y 1/03/47

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Parkinsonia aculeata Jerusalem Thorn Y 1/11/85 Prosopis juliflora Mesquite Y 5/09/89 Pultenaea graveolens Scented Bush-pea 1/10/32 Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia Fine-leaf Desert Senna 1/01/50 Senna artemisioides ssp. 21/09/09 petiolaris Senna planitiicola Yellow Pea 13/06/62 Swainsona eremaea Swainsona formosa Sturt Pea 16/05/58 Swainsona stipularis Orange Swainson-pea 30/08/68 Vachellia farnesiana Sweet Acacia Y 29/03/11 LILIACEAE Arthropodium strictum Common Vanilla-lily 20/10/58 Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed Y 26/11/02 Bulbine alata Winged Bulbine-lily 21/09/09 Bulbine semibarbata Small Leek-lily 28/09/20 LIMONIACEAE Limonium companyonis Sea-lavender Y 8/03/97 Limonium lobatum Winged Sea-lavender Y 22/10/52 LORANTHACEAE Amyema miraculosa ssp. Fleshy Mistletoe 5/07/72 boormanii Amyema preissii Wire-leaf Mistletoe 10/11/95 Amyema quandang var. Grey Mistletoe 16/08/90 quandang Lysiana exocarpi ssp. exocarpi Harlequin Mistletoe 16/08/90 LYTHRACEAE Lythrum wilsonii Wilson's Loosestrife 28/03/30 MALVACEAE Abutilon fraseri ssp. Dwarf Lantern-bush 18/02/93 diplotrichum Alyogyne huegelii Native Hibiscus 0/01/00 Hibiscus krichauffianus Velvet-leaf Hibiscus 7/03/95 Lawrencia glomerata Clustered Lawrencia 27/10/16

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Malva parviflora Small-flower Marshmallow Y 18/10/96 Sida ammophila Sand Sida 18/02/93 Sida fibulifera Pin Sida 16/03/06 Sida intricata Twiggy Sida 16/03/06 Sida petrophila Rock Sida 1/10/32 MYOPORACEAE Eremophila alternifolia Narrow-leaf Emubush 27/08/75 Eremophila deserti Turkey-bush 5/06/58 Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra Tar Bush 29/07/69 Eremophila latrobei ssp. glabra Crimson Emubush 1/01/50 Eremophila longifolia Weeping Emubush 10/11/95 Eremophila santalina Sandalwood Emubush 1/09/09 Eremophila scoparia Broom Emubush 1/01/50 Myoporum montanum Native Myrtle 21/09/09 Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla R 21/09/09 Myoporum platycarpum ssp. False Sandalwood 21/09/09 platycarpum MYRTACEAE Callistemon teretifolius Needle Bottlebrush Eucalyptus behriana Broad-leaf Box R 1/10/41 Eucalyptus brachycalyx Gilja 1/01/45 Eucalyptus calcareana Nundroo Mallee 1/04/41 Eucalyptus socialis ssp. socialis Beaked Red Mallee 6/09/12 Eucalyptus sp. 26/11/02 Eucalyptus torquata Coral Gum Y 6/01/92 OLEACEAE Jasminum didymum ssp. lineare Native Jasmine 29/03/59 OXALIDACEAE Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob Y 16/08/90 PAPAVERACEAE Argemone ochroleuca ssp. Mexican Poppy Y 14/12/46 ochroleuca PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot 1/09/09 PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago drummondii Dark Plantain 29/07/20

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record crispus Curled Dock Y 6/10/10 Rumex spinosus Lesser Jack Y 18/11/05 PORTULACACEAE Calandrinia eremaea Dryland Purslane 21/09/09 Calandrinia remota Round-leaf Parakeelya 15/10/37 Calandrinia volubilis Twining Purslane 10/11/95 Portulaca oleracea Common Purslane 19/11/93 Portulacaria afra Dwarf Jade Plant Y 16/11/12 POSIDONIACEAE Posidonia angustifolia Narrow-leaf Tapeweed 13/09/73 POTAMOGETONACEAE Ruppia tuberosa Widgeon Grass 22/11/82 PROTEACEAE Hakea francisiana Bottlebrush Hakea 7/09/12 RANUNCULACEAE Clematis decipiens Old Man's Beard 1/10/32 RHAMNACEAE Pomaderris paniculosa ssp. Mallee Pomaderris 1/10/32 paniculosa RHODOMELACEAE Chondria harveyana 5/09/73 Dictyomenia harveyana 7/09/73 RUTACEAE Citrus glauca Desert Lime V 14/12/65 SANTALACEAE Exocarpos cupressiformis Native Cherry 19/04/40 Santalum acuminatum Quandong 28/12/87 Santalum lanceolatum Plumbush 1/06/91 SAPINDACEAE Alectryon oleifolius ssp. Bullock Bush 7/03/95 canescens Dodonaea baueri Crinkled Hop-bush 27/08/75 Dodonaea lobulata Lobed-leaf Hop-bush 1/09/45 Dodonaea viscosa ssp. Narrow-leaf Hop-bush 26/11/02 angustissima SCROPHULARIACEAE Stemodia glabella Smooth Bluerod 6/10/10 SOLANACEAE Datura ferox Long-spine Thorn-apple Y 25/02/97 Datura inoxia Downy Thorn-apple Y 6/01/92 Duboisia hopwoodii Pituri 28/05/03

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Family name Species name Common name EPBC Act NPW Act species record Lycium australe Australian Boxthorn 23/08/01 Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn Y 26/11/02 Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco Y 19/07/43 Nicotiana goodspeedii Small-flower Tobacco 3/11/36 Nicotiana velutina Velvet Tobacco 21/09/09 Solanum elaeagnifolium Silver-leaf Nightshade Y 22/10/52 Solanum petrophilum Rock Nightshade 16/03/06 THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea microcephala ssp. Shrubby Riceflower 21/09/09 microcephala Pimelea simplex ssp. continua Desert Riceflower 8/09/68 Pimelea simplex ssp. simplex Desert Riceflower UMBELLIFERAE Trachymene glaucifolia Blue Parsnip 16/10/01 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Nitraria billardierei Nitre-bush 21/09/09 Roepera aurantiaca ssp. Shrubby Twinleaf 21/08/96 aurantiaca Tribulus minutus 25/02/97 Tribulus terrestris Caltrop Y 8/03/97 Conservation status EPBC Act: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Australia). NPW Act: National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (South Australia). Conservation codes: CE: Critically Endangered. EN/E: Endangered. VU/V: Vulnerable. R: Rare.

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Appendix 3. Fauna species recorded in the BDBSA within 5 km of the project area (all years shown) (DEW 2019).

Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act AMPHIBIA Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Spotted Marsh Frog 16/09/04 Neobatrachus sudellae Sudell's Frog 3/10/99 AVES Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater 28/03/06 Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill 12/11/00 Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Slender-billed Thornbill (western) R 18/06/36 Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill 24/10/99 Accipiter cirrocephalus cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk 4/01/07 Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk 6/04/02 Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper R 28/04/04 Aegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar 1/01/00 Anas castanea Chestnut Teal 11/07/99 Anas gracilis Grey Teal 28/03/06 Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck 4/09/05 Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird 30/10/05 Anthus australis Australian Pipit 8/09/04 Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface 28/03/06 Apus pacificus Pacific Swift (Fork-tailed Swift) 4/02/00 Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle 28/03/06 Ardea alba modesta Great Egret 4/09/05 Artamus cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow 10/10/01 Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow 19/10/02 Artamus leucorynchus White-breasted Woodswallow 23/11/99 Artamus personatus Masked Woodswallow 11/10/00 Artamus superciliosus White-browed Woodswallow 19/09/99 Aythya australis Hardhead 9/09/02 Barnardius zonarius Australian Ringneck 1/01/00

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act Biziura lobata Musk Duck R 28/03/06 Bubulcus ibis coromandus Eastern Cattle Egret R 23/05/94 Cacatua sanguinea sanguinea Little Corella 30/10/05 Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed 10/10/01 Cacomantis pallidus Pallid Cuckoo 9/09/04 Calamanthus (Calamanthus) Rufous Fieldwren 30/10/05 campestris Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 9/09/02 Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper CR 25/01/00 Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint 10/03/05 Caligavis chrysops samueli Yellow-faced Honeyeater (MLR, 2/09/00 southern FR) Certhionyx variegatus Pied Honeyeater 10/10/01 Chalcites basalis Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo 10/10/01 Chalcites osculans Black-eared Cuckoo 8/09/04 Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover 28/03/06 Cheramoeca leucosterna White-backed Swallow 7/10/01 Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern 30/10/02 Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Silver Gull 28/03/06 Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier 6/04/02 Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Banded Stilt V 28/03/06 Climacteris affinis White-browed Treecreeper R 1/01/00 Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrikethrush 1/10/00 Columba livia Feral Pigeon Y 30/10/05 maxima Ground 12/09/98 Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckooshrike 30/10/05 Corvus bennetti Little Crow 24/04/03

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act Corvus coronoides Australian Raven 4/09/05 Corvus mellori Little Raven 7/10/01 Corvus sp. crows 30/10/05 Coturnix pectoralis Stubble Quail 14/11/00 Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird 10/09/02 Cygnus atratus Black Swan 28/03/06 Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird 22/10/02 Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu 12/09/98 Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 19/10/02 Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron 28/03/06 Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite 9/05/02 Eolophus roseicapilla Galah 30/10/05 Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat 28/03/06 Epthianura aurifrons Orange Chat 7/03/99 Epthianura tricolor Crimson Chat 10/10/01 Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel 9/09/02 Eurostopodus argus Spotted Nightjar 11/02/96 Falco berigora Brown Falcon 11/07/99 Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel 10/11/06 Falco longipennis Australian Hobby 27/06/04 Falco subniger Black Falcon 7/12/06 Fulica atra Eurasian Coot 28/03/06 Gallirallus philippensis mellori Buff-banded Rail 25/09/40 Gavicalis virescens Singing Honeyeater 28/03/06 Geopelia placida Peaceful Dove 22/01/01 Grallina cyanoleuca Magpielark 3/06/16 Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie 28/03/06

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher R 28/03/06 Haematopus longirostris (Australian) Pied Oystercatcher R 24/06/99 Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea Eagle E 1/01/00 Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite 9/09/04 Hieraaetus morphnoides Little Eagle 9/05/02 Himantopus leucocephalus White-headed Stilt 28/03/06 Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow 28/03/06 Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern 30/10/05 Lalage tricolor White-winged 10/10/99 Larus pacificus Pacific Gull 9/05/02 Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit R 4/02/84 Lophochroa leadbeateri mollis Major Mitchell's Cockatoo (EP, GR, R 12/08/13 NW) Macronectes giganteus Southern Giant Petrel EN V 30/01/00 Malacorhynchus membranaceus Pink-eared Duck 28/03/06 Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairywren 9/09/04 Malurus leucopterus White-winged Fairywren 28/03/06 Malurus splendens Splendid Fairywren 1/01/00 Malurus splendens callainus Turquoise Fairywren 30/10/05 Manorina flavigula Yellow-throated Miner 27/03/06 Megalurus cruralis Brown Songlark 8/09/04 Megalurus gramineus Little Grassbird 9/09/02 Megalurus mathewsi Rufous Songlark 12/02/05 Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar 11/10/00 Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater 4/03/06 Microcarbo melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant 28/03/06 melanoleucos

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act Milvus migrans Black Kite 19/10/02 Mirafra javanica Horsfield's Bush Lark 10/09/02 Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher R 18/01/02 Neophema elegans Elegant Parrot R 11/10/00 Ninox boobook Southern Boobook 16/08/97 Northiella haematogaster (NC) Bluebonnet 12/09/98 Nymphicus hollandicus Cockatiel 8/09/04 Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon 1/10/08 Oreoica gutturalis Crested Bellbird 9/05/02 Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote 1/10/00 Parvipsitta porphyrocephala Purple-crowned Lorikeet 30/10/05 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Y 28/03/06 Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican 30/10/05 Petrochelidon ariel Fairy Martin 4/09/05 Petrochelidon nigricans Tree Martin 9/05/02 Petroica goodenovii Red-capped Robin 9/05/02 Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant 9/09/02 Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant 28/03/06 Phalacrocorax varius Great Pied Cormorant 28/03/06 Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing 12/09/98 Platycercus elegans Crimson Rosella 4/09/05 Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover 2/12/81 Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe R 21/09/02 Poliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed Grebe 28/03/06 Pomatostomus superciliosus White-browed Babbler 28/03/06 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen 7/10/99 Psephotellus varius Mulga Parrot 12/09/98

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act Psophodes cristatus Chirruping Wedgebill 28/03/06 Ptilotula ornata Yellow-plumed Honeyeater 9/11/02 Ptilotula penicillata White-plumed Honeyeater 28/03/06 Ptilotula plumula graingeri Grey-fronted Honeyeater (FR, MN, 24/04/03 LNE, MM) Purnella albifrons White-fronted Honeyeater 30/10/05 Pyrrholaemus brunneus Redthroat 1/10/08 Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Red-necked Avocet 28/03/06 Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail 31/07/00 Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail 10/11/02 Spilopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Y 10/03/05 Sternula nereis Fairy Tern VU E 9/11/02 Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck V 16/01/99 Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong 30/09/04 Strepera versicolor intermedia Brown Currawong 8/09/04 Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling Y 28/03/06 Sugomel niger Black Honeyeater 10/10/01 Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian Grebe 4/09/05 Tadorna tadornoides Australian Shelduck 14/04/01 Taeniopygia guttata Zebra Finch 10/11/02 Thalasseus bergii Greater Crested Tern 28/03/06 Todiramphus pyrrhopygius Red-backed Kingfisher 10/10/01 Todiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher 15/08/94 Tribonyx ventralis Black-tailed Nativehen 19/11/91 Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet 7/10/01 Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank 21/09/02 Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper 27/03/06

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act Turdus merula Common Blackbird Y 4/09/05 Tyto delicatula delicatula Eastern Barn Owl 30/10/05 Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing 30/10/05 Zosterops lateralis Silvereye 3/07/00 MAMMALIA Bettongia lesueur Burrowing Bettong EX E 0/01/00 Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat 26/02/83 Delphinus delphis Short-beaked Common Dolphin 4/06/05 Macropus rufus Red Kangaroo 16/08/57 Mus musculus House Mouse Y 27/01/80 Notomys alexis Spinifex Hopping-mouse 1/01/12 Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat 29/10/91 Pseudomys bolami Bolam's Mouse 29/11/91 Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying-fox VU R 1/08/18 Tursiops aduncus Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin 27/06/99 REPTILIA Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle EN E 1/08/92 Ctenophorus cristatus Crested Dragon 1/01/50 Ctenophorus pictus Painted Dragon 27/08/80 Ctenotus regius Eastern Desert Ctenotus 12/02/91 Ctenotus taeniatus Eyrean Ctenotus 11/02/91 Cyclodomorphus melanops Spinifex Slender Bluetongue 1/01/50 Delma molleri Gulfs Delma 16/05/77 Diplodactylus tessellatus Tessellated Gecko 1/01/50 Egernia stokesii Gidgee Skink 5/10/50 Eremiascincus richardsonii Broad-banded Sandswimmer 12/02/91 Furina diadema Red-naped Snake 21/07/81 Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's Gecko 26/09/96 Lerista edwardsae Myall Slider 1/01/50

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Conservation status Introduced Most recent Class name Species name Common name EPBC NPW species record Act Act Menetia greyii Dwarf Skink 3/12/91 Morethia adelaidensis Adelaide Snake-eye 18/02/91 Nephrurus levis Common Knob-tailed Gecko 16/02/91 Pogona vitticeps Central Bearded Dragon 1/10/84 Suta suta Curl Snake 12/07/58 Tiliqua occipitalis Western Bluetongue 1/01/50 Tiliqua rugosa Sleepy Lizard 1/10/84 Tiliqua scincoides Eastern Bluetongue 1/10/84 Conservation status EPBC Act: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Australia). NPW Act: National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (South Australia). Conservation codes: CE: Critically Endangered. EN/E: Endangered. VU/V: Vulnerable. R: Rare.

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Appendix 4. Flora species recorded within the project area.

Vegetation Family name Species name Common name association 1 2 3 AIZOACEAE *Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Coastal Galenia ✓ AIZOACEAE *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Common Iceplant ✓ AIZOACEAE Sarcozona praecox Sarcozona ✓ AVICENNIACEAE Avicennia marina ssp. marina Grey Mangrove ✓ ✓ CASUARINACEAE #Casuarina sp. Buloak ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex lindleyi ssp. Baldoo ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE #Atriplex nummularia ssp. Old-man Saltbush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex velutinella Sandhill Saltbush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex vesicaria Bladder Saltbush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Dissocarpus paradoxus Ball Bindyi ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Enchylaena tomentosa var. Ruby Saltbush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana brevifolia Short-leaf Bluebush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana oppositifolia Salt Bluebush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pentatropis Erect Mallee Bluebush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE #Maireana sedifolia Bluebush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Salsola australis Buckbush ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded Samphire ✓ ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Oblique-spined Bindyi ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE *Suaeda aegyptiaca ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Suaeda australis Austral Seablite ✓ ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia arbuscula Shrubby Samphire ✓ ✓ CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia halocnemoides ssp. Grey Samphire ✓ ✓ longispicata COMPOSITAE *Conyza bonariensis Flax-leaf Fleabane ✓ COMPOSITAE *Dimorphotheca fruticosa Trailing African Daisy ✓

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Vegetation Family name Species name Common name association 1 2 3 COMPOSITAE *Gazania linearis Gazania ✓ COMPOSITAE *Lactuca serriola f. Prickly Lettuce ✓ COMPOSITAE *Reichardia tingitana False Sowthistle ✓ CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus remotus Grassy Bindweed ✓ CONVOLVULACEAE Wilsonia humilis Silky Wilsonia ✓ CRUCIFERAE *Brassica tournefortii Wild Turnip ✓ CRUCIFERAE *Sisymbrium erysimoides Smooth Mustard ✓ GRAMINEAE Austrostipa sp. Spear-grass ✓ GRAMINEAE *Avena barbata Bearded Oat ✓ GRAMINEAE *Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel Grass ✓ GRAMINEAE *Cenchrus setaceus Fountain Grass ✓ GRAMINEAE *Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Couch ✓ GRAMINEAE Enneapogon nigricans Black-head Grass ✓ GRAMINEAE *Hordeum glaucum Blue Barley-grass ✓ LEGUMINOSAE Acacia ligulata Umbrella Bush ✓ LEGUMINOSAE Acacia salicina Willow Wattle ✓ LEGUMINOSAE Acacia victoriae ssp. Elegant Wattle ✓ LILIACEAE *Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed ✓ MALVACEAE Sida intricata Twiggy Sida ✓ MYRTACEAE #Eucalyptus sp. ✓ SOLANACEAE *Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn ✓ ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Nitraria billardierei Nitre-bush ✓ ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Roepera eremaea ✓ ZYGOPHYLLACEAE *Tribulus terrestris Caltrop ✓ Vegetation associations 1. Sarcocornia quinqueflora Low Closed Shrubland. 2. Avicennia marina ssp. marina Very Low Closed Forest. 3. Planted/Natural Regeneration. BlackOak Environmental Page | 100 Ecological Assessment for the Joy Baluch AM Bridge duplication Project

* = Introduced species, # = Planted.

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Appendix 5. Landscaped gardens recorded within the project area (Datum WGS 84, Zone 53H).

Map reference number: 1 Easting: 759526 Northing: 6402649 Direction of photograph: SW

Map reference number: 2 Easting: 759501 Northing: 6402618 Direction of photograph: SE

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Map reference number: 3 Easting: 759495 Northing: 6402625 Direction of photograph: SW

Map reference number: 4 Easting: 759442 Northing: 6402580 Direction of photograph: SW

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Map reference number: 5 Easting: 759359 Northing: 6402556 Direction of photograph: S

Map reference number: 6 Easting: 759285 Northing: 6402596 Direction of photograph: NW

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Map reference number: 7 Easting: 759339 Northing: 6402488 Direction of photograph: SW

Map reference number: 8 Easting: 759691 Northing: 6402130 Direction of photograph: NE

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Map reference number: 9 Easting: 759768 Northing: 6402163 Direction of photograph: E

Map reference number: 10 Easting: 759802 Northing: 6402201 Direction of photograph: WNW

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Map reference number: 11 Easting: 759869 Northing: 6402194 Direction of photograph: E

Map reference number: 12 Easting: 759947 Northing: 6401950 Direction of photograph: SW

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Map reference number: 13 Easting: 759950 Northing: 6401947 Direction of photograph: SSE

Map reference number: 14 Easting: 760004 Northing: 6401986 Direction of photograph: NE

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Map reference number: 15 Easting: 760017 Northing: 6401898 Direction of photograph: NNE

Map reference number: 16 Easting: 760020 Northing: 6401893 Direction of photograph: NE

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Map reference number: 17 Easting: 760004 Northing: 6401848 Direction of photograph: SW

Map reference number: 18 Easting: 760059 Northing: 6401761 Direction of photograph: SSE

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Map reference number: 19 Easting: 760065 Northing: 6401701 Direction of photograph: E

Map reference number: 20 Easting: 760145 Northing: 6401755 Direction of photograph: SSW

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Map reference number: 21 Easting: 759988 Northing: 6402234 Direction of photograph: W

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W: www.blackoakenvironmental.com

E: [email protected]