Anterior and Medial Thigh

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abdominal opening of the femoral canal Femoral ring anteriorly inguinal ligament laterally femoral vein inguinal ligament Superior bounded by medially lacunar ligament sartorius muscle Laterally posteriorly. pectineal ligament adductor longus Medially iliopsoas, pectineus Boundaries floor adductor longus medial to the femoral vein in the femoral sheath fascia lata fat, areolar connective tissue roof Contains cribriform fascia lymph nodes and vessels Femoral canal Nerve lower limb and perineum Transmits lymphatics from artery Femoral triangle to the peritoneal cavity. vein potential weak area site of femoral herniation femoral Contains Lymphatic Lateral to medial NAVL transversalis prolongation of the Surrounded by Femoral Sheath iliac fasciae inferior to the midpoint of inguinal ligament pulsation Femoral sheath femoral artery and vein Contains femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve femoral canal Anterior and Medial Thigh common in women Ring Begins at the apex of the femoral triangle passes through the femoral Canal ends at the adductor hiatus lateral and inferior to the pubic tubercle adductor magnus deep and inferior to the inguinal ligament Femoral hernia adductor longus sac is formed by the parietal peritoneum Adductor canal between vastus medialis interferes with the blood supply sartorius To Herniated Intestine fascia causing death of it femoral vessels saphenous nerve Contains nerve to the vastus medialis descending genicular artery or pulled groin strain, stretching, or tearing Groin injury aperture in the tendon of insertion of adductor magnus of the origin of the flexor and adductor of the thigh Adductor hiatus of the femoral vessels Allows the passage occurs in sports th at require quick starts into the popliteal fossa Femoral oval gap in the fascia lata Nerves below the inguinal ligament Obturator Saphenous opening covered by the cribriform fascia part of the superficial fascia of the thigh.

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Study of Variation of Great Saphenous Veins and Its Surgical Significance (Original Study)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 2 Ver. 10 February. (2018), PP 21-26 www.iosrjournals.org Study of Variation of Great Saphenous Veins and Its Surgical Significance (Original Study) Dr Surekha W. Meshram1, Dr. Yogesh Ganorkar2, Dr V.P. Rukhmode3, Dr. Tarkeshwar Golghate4 1(M.B.B.S,M.D) Associate Professor, Dept. of Anatomy Govt. Medical College Gondia, Maharashtra 2(M.B.B.S,M.D) Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy Govt. Medical College Gondia, Maharashtra 3 (M.B.B.S, M.S) Professor and Head, Dept. of Anatomy Govt. Medical College Gondia, Maharashtra 4(M.B.B.S, M.D) Assiciate Professor, Dept. of Anatomy Govt. Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra Corresponding Author: Dr. Surekha W. Meshram Abstract Introduction: Veins of lower limbs are more involves for various venous disorders as compare to upper limbs. Most common venous disorders occurring in lower limbs are varicose veins, deep venous thrombosis and venous ulcers. Varicose veins are found in large population of world affecting both the males and females. Surgical operations are performed in all over the world to cure it. In the varicose vein surgery, surgeon successfully do the ligation as well as stripping of the great saphenous vein and its tributaries. Duplication of a great saphenous vein can be a potential cause for recurrent varicose veins after surgery as well as complications may occur during the surgery. Method: The present study was done by dissection method on 50 lower limbs of cadavers. Its aim was to identify the incidence and pattern of duplication of long saphenous vein in Indian population.
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The Femoral Hernia: Some Necessary Additions
International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2014, 5, 752-765 Published Online July 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijcm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2014.513102 The Femoral Hernia: Some Necessary Additions Ljubomir S. Kovachev Department of General Surgery, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria Email: [email protected] Received 28 April 2014; revised 27 May 2014; accepted 26 June 2014 Copyright © 2014 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Purpose: The anatomic region through which most inguinal hernias emerge is overcrowded by various anatomical structures with intricate relationships. This is reflected by the wide range of anatomic interpretations. Material and Methods: A prospective anatomic study of over 100 fresh cadavers and 47 patients operated on for femoral hernias. Results: It was found that the transver- salis fascia did not continue distally into the lymphatic lacuna. Medially this fascia did not reach the lacunar ligament, but was rather positioned above it forming laterally the vascular sheath. Here the fascia participates in the formation of a fossa, which varies in width and depth—the pre- peritoneal femoral fossa. The results did not confirm the presence of a femoral canal. The dis- tances were measured between the pubic tubercle and the medial margin of the femoral vein, and between the inguinal and the Cooper’s ligaments. The results clearly indicate that in women with femoral hernias these distances are much larger. Along the course of femoral hernia exploration we established the presence of three zones that are rigid and narrow.
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Ultrasonographic Analysis of the Anatomical Relationship Between Femoral Vessels in the Upper Part of Thigh in Critically Ill Patients – a Cross Sectional Study
November - December, 2018/ Vol 6/Issue 08 Print ISSN: 2321-127X, Online ISSN: 2320-8686 Original Research Article Ultrasonographic analysis of the anatomical relationship between femoral vessels in the upper part of thigh in critically ill patients – a cross sectional study Suresh Kumar V.K. 1, Vijayan D. 2, Kunhu S. 3, Varghese B. 4 1Dr. Suresh Kumar V.K., Senior Consultant, 2Dr. Deepak Vijayan, Senior Consultant, 3Dr. Shamim Kunhu, Associate Consultant; above all authors are affiliated with Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, 4Dr. Boban Varghese, Consultant ICU Physician, Valluvanadu Hospital, Ottappalam, Kerala, India Corresponding Author: Dr. Suresh Kumar, Senior Consultant, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. E-mail: [email protected] ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...… Abstract Objective: Femoral vessels are one of the frequently used sites of cannulation in intensive care units. In resource limited settings cannulations are done blindly without ultrasonographic guidance based on a traditional belief that in the upper thigh vein keeps a medial relationship to artery. In this trial we tried to analyse the anatomical relationship of femoral vein to femoral artery using ultrasound in critically ill patients. Methods: This cross sectional study analysed the anatomical relationship of femoral vein to femoral artery at 2cm, 4 cm and 6 cm from the mid inguinal point in both thighs of the patients using ultrasonography. The study was done among patients admitted in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Results: Three hundred limbs of one hundred and fifty patients were analysed by ultrasonography. A total of 900 measurements were taken at three different levels of both legs.
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Compiled for Lower Limb
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Vessels in Femoral Triangle in a Rare Relationship Bandyopadhyay M, Biswas S, Roy R
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Back of Leg I
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Prezentacja Programu Powerpoint
Department of Human Anatomy. Medical University of Białystok Beata Klim Gluteal region It lies posterior to the pelvis between the level of the iliac crests and the inferior borders of the gluteus maximus muscles. The intergluteal (natal) cleft separates the buttocks from each other. The gluteal sulcus demarcates the inferior boundary of the buttock and the superior boundary of the thigh. Gluteal region The gluteal muscles (maximus, medius and minimus) form the bulk of the buttock. Pelvic girdle- muscles The anterior compartment: Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus They are called - Iliopsoas Iliopsoas Proximal attachments: Psoas major- sides of T12-L5 vertebrae & discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae Psoas minor- sides of T12-L1 & intervertebral disc Iliacus- iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum & anterior sacroiliac ligaments Iliopsoas Distal attachments: Psoas major- lesser trochanter of femur Psoas minor- pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch Iliacus- tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it Iliopsoas Innervation: Psoas major- ventral rami of lumbar nerves L1, L2, L3 Psoas minor- ventral rami of lumbar nerves L1, L2 Iliacus- femoral nerve L2, L3 Iliopsoas Main action: It is the chief flexor of the thigh, and when the thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk on the hip. It is also a postural muscle that is active during standing by preventing hyperextension of the hip joint. The gluteal muscles The gluteal muscles consist of: Three large glutei (maximus, medius & minimus), which are mainly extensors and abductors of the thigh. A deeper group of smaller muscles (piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemelli and quadratus femoris), which are covered by the inferior part of the gluteus maximus.
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