Appendix N. List of Citations Accepted and Rejected by ECOTOX Criteria

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appendix N. List of Citations Accepted and Rejected by ECOTOX Criteria Appendix N. List of citations accepted and rejected by ECOTOX criteria. The citations in this appendix were accepted by ECOTOX. Citations include the ECOTOX Reference number. References in section H.1 those relevant to carbaryl which were acceptable in ECOTOX. References in section H.2 were those relevant to carbaryl which were not cited within the risk assessment. References in section H.3 those relevant to degradates of carbaryl which were cited within this risk assessment. References in section H.4 were those relevant to degradates of carbaryl which were not cited within the risk assessment. In order to be included in the ECOTOX database, papers must meet the following minimum criteria: • the toxic effects are related to single chemical exposure; • the toxic effects are on an aquatic or terrestrial plant or animal species; • there is a biological effect on live, whole organisms; • a concurrent environmental chemical concentration/dose or application rate is reported; and • there is an explicit duration of exposure. Section H.5 includes the list of exclusion terms and descriptions for citations not accepted by ECOTOX. For carbaryl, there were 2,116 references that were not accepted by ECOTOX for one or more of the reasons included in section H.5. A full list of the citations reviewed and rejected by the criteria for ECOTOX is listed in section H.6. N.1. ECOTOX accepted references, relevant to carbaryl, contained more sensitive endpoints than those cited in the IRED 6797 Mayer FL Jr.;Ellersieck MR; (1986) Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. "Resour Publ No 160, U S Dep Interior, Fish Wildl Serv , Washington, DC(): 505 p. (USGS Data File)-". 17138 Brooke LT; (1991) "Results of Freshwater Exposures with the Chemicals Atrazine, Biphenyl, Butachlor, Carbaryl, Carbazole, Dibenzofuran, 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine, Dichlorvos, 1,2-Epoxyethylbenzene (Styrene Oxide), Isophor. "Ctr for Lake Superior Environ Stud 15683 Zaga A;Little EE;Rabeni CF;Ellersieck MR; (1998) Photoenhanced Toxicity of a Carbamate Insecticide to Early Life Stage Anuran Amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 17(12): 2543-2553. 11521 Khangarot BS;Sehgal A;Bhasin MK; (1985) 'Man and Biosphere' - Studies on the Sikkim Himalayas. Part 6: Toxicity of Selected Pesticides to Frog Tadpole Rana hexadactyla (Lesson). Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 47680 Boone MD;Bridges CM; (1999) The Effect of Temperature on the Potency of Carbaryl for Survival of Tadpoles of the Green Frog (Rana clamitans). Environ Toxicol Chem 18(7): 1482-1484. 72411 Bridges CM;Dwyer FJ;Hardesty DK;Whites DW; (2002) Comparative Contaminant Toxicity: Are Amphibian Larvae More Sensitive than Fish?. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 69(4): 562-569. 81455 Boone MD;James SM; (2003) "Interactions of an Insecticide, Herbicide, and Natural Stressors in Amphibian Community Mesocosms". Ecol Appl 13(3): 829-841. 13800 Peterson HG;Boutin C;Martin PA;Freemark KE;Ruecker NJ;Moody MJ; (1994) Aquatic Phyto-Toxicity of 23 Pesticides Applied at Expected Environmental Concentrations. Aquat Toxicol 28(3/4): 275-292. N-1 N.2. ECOTOX accepted references, relevant to carbaryl, not utilized or cited within this risk assessment since endpoints were less sensitive than existing data. 1. Abbasi, S. A. and Soni, R. (1991). Studies on the Environmental Impact of Three Common Pesticides with Respect to Toxicity Towards a Larvivore (Channelfish N. denricus). J.Inst.Public Health Eng.(India) 2: 8-12. EcoReference No.: 13414 Chemical of Concern: ES,CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL),OK(ES). 2. Abdel-Rahman, M. S., Lechner, D. W., and Klein, K. M. (1985). Combination Effect of Carbaryl and Malathion in Rats. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 14: 459-464. EcoReference No.: 35543 Chemical of Concern: CBL,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CBL). 3. Agnello, A. M., Spangler, S. M., Reissig, W. H., Lawson, D. S., and Weires, R. W. (1992). Seasonal Development and Management Strategies for Comstock Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in New York Pear Orchards. J.Econ.Entomol. 85: 212-225. EcoReference No.: 73713 Chemical of Concern: MOM,CPY,CBL,MP,AZ,ES,RSM,EFV,MVP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Rejection Code: OK(MOM),TARGET(RSM). 4. Ahdaya, S. M., Shah, P. V., and Guthrie, F. E. (1976). Thermoregulation in Mice Treated with Parathion, Carbaryl, or DDT. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 35: 575-580. EcoReference No.: 35005 Chemical of Concern: PRN,CBL,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,MOR,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL),OK(ALL CHEMS). 5. Ahmad, M., Hollingworth, R. M., and Wise, J. C. (2002). Broad-Spectrum Insecticide Resistance in Obliquebanded Leafroller _Choristoneura rosaceana_ (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Michigan. Pest Manag.Sci. 58: 834-838. EcoReference No.: 70966 Chemical of Concern: IDC,CFP,EMMB,MFZ,TUZ,BFT,ZCYP,AZ,CPY,PSM,CYP,DM,EFV,ES,TDC,MOM,CBL, SS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(AZ,IDC,CFP,EMMB,MFZ,TUZ,BFT,ZCYP,CPY,PSM,CYP,DM,EFV,ES,TDC,M OM,CBL,SS). 6. Ahmad, M. and McCaffery, A. R. (1991). Elucidation of Detoxication Mechanisms Involved in Resistance to Insecticides in the Third Instar Larvae of a Field-Selected Strain of Helicoverpa armigera with the Use of Synergists. Pestic.Biochem.Physiol. 41: 41-52. EcoReference No.: 74894 Chemical of Concern: PPB,CYP,FNV,DDT,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE(PPB),TARGET(CYP). 7. Ahrens, W. H. (1990). Enhancement of Soybean (Glycine max) Injury and Weed Control by N-2 Thifensulfuron-Insecticide Mixtures. Weed Technol. 4: 524-528. EcoReference No.: 68422 User Define 2: WASH,CALF,SENT Chemical of Concern: CPY,CBL,MOM,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MOM). 8. Akay, M. T., Ozmen, G., and Elcuman, E. A. (1999). Effects of Combinations of Endosulfan, Dimethoate and Carbaryl on Immune and Hematological Parameters of Rats. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 41: 296-299. EcoReference No.: 75053 Chemical of Concern: ES,DMT,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,DMT),OK(ES). 9. Akberali, H. B., Trueman, E. R., Black, J. E., and Hewitt, C. (1982). The Responses of the Estuarine Bivalve Mollusc Scrobicularia to the First Hydrolytic Product of the Insecticide Sevin. Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci. 15: 415-421. EcoReference No.: 12316 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED (CBL). 10. Almar, M. M., Ferrando, M. M. D., Alarcon, V., Soler, C., and Andreu, E. (1988). Influence of Temperature on Several Pesticides Toxicity to Melanopsis dufouri Under Laboratory Conditions. J.Environ.Biol. 9: 183-190. EcoReference No.: 12863 Chemical of Concern: HCCH,TCF,TBC,ES,CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL),OK(ALL CHEMS). 11. Anbu, R. B. and Ramaswamy, M. (1991). Adaptive Changes in Respiratory Movements of an Air- Breathing Fish, Channa striatus (Bleeker) Exposed to Carbamate Pesticide, Sevin. J.Ecobiol. 3: 11-16. EcoReference No.: 7529 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL). 12. Andreu-Moliner, E. S., Almar, M. M., Legarra, I., and Nunez, A. (1986). Toxicity of Some Ricefield Pesticides to the Crayfish P. clarkii, Under Laboratory and Field Conditions in Lake Albufera (Spain). J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 21: 529-537. EcoReference No.: 12517 Chemical of Concern: CuS,CYF,MLT,CBF,FNT,MLN,TCF,CBL,ES,HCCH; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL,CBF,CYF),NO MIXTURE(MLT),NO ENDPOINT(CuS),OK(FNT,MLN,TCD,ES,HCCH). 13. Anger, W. K. and Wilson, S. M. (1980). Effects of Carbaryl on Variable Interval Response Rates in Rats. Neurobehav.Toxicol. 2: 21-24. EcoReference No.: 87855 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL). 14. Armstrong, D. A. and Millemann, R. E. (1974). Effects of the Insecticide Carbaryl on Clams and Some N-3 Other Intertidal Mud Flat Animals. J.Fish.Res.Board Can. 31: 466-470 (Author Communication Used). EcoReference No.: 7901 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL). 15. Armstrong, D. A. and Millemann, R. E. (1974). Effects of the Insecticide Sevin and its First Hydrolytic Product, 1-Naphthol, on Some Early Developmental Stages of the Bay Mussel Mytilus edulis. NOAA-75062408, Report No.ORESU-R-74-022: 5p (NTIS COM -75-10967, Reprinted from Mar.Biol.28(1):11-15 28: 11, 15 (U.S. Ntis Com75-10967). EcoReference No.: 5958 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED (CBL). 16. Armstrong, D. A. and Millemann, R. E. (1974). Pathology of Acute Poisoning with the Insecticide Sevin in the Bent-Nosed Clam, Macoma nasuta. J.Invertebr.Pathol. 24: 201-212. EcoReference No.: 5670 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL). 17. Arunachalam, S., Jeyalakshmi, K., and Aboobucker, S. (1980). Toxic and Sublethal Effects of Carbaryl on a Freshwater Catfish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch). Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 9: 307-316. EcoReference No.: 499 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL). 18. Arunachalam, S. and Palanichamy, S. (1982). Sublethal Effects of Carbaryl on Surfacing Behaviour and Food Utilization in the Air-Breathing Fish, Macropodus cupanus. Physiol.Behav. 29: 23- 27. EcoReference No.: 15589 Chemical of Concern: CBL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,BEH; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBL). 19. Arunachalam, S., Palanichamy, S., and Balasubramanian, M. P. (1985). Sublethal Effects of Carbaryl on Food Utilization and Oxygen Consumption in the Air-Breathing Fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). J.Environ.Biol.
Recommended publications
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbicide Mode of Action Table High Resistance Risk
    Herbicide Mode of Action Table High resistance risk Chemical family Active constituent (first registered trade name) GROUP 1 Inhibition of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACC’ase inhibitors) clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Agixa®*, Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold* Decision®*, Hoegrass®), Aryloxyphenoxy- fenoxaprop (Cheetah®, Gold*, Wildcat®), fluazifop propionates (FOPs) (Fusilade®), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) Cyclohexanediones (DIMs) butroxydim (Factor®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) Phenylpyrazoles (DENs) pinoxaden (Axial®) GROUP 2 Inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS inhibitors), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) Imidazolinones (IMIs) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, Lightning®*, Midas®* OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) Pyrimidinyl–thio- bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) benzoates Sulfonylureas (SUs) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*, Trimac Plus®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron (Logran®, Logran® B-Power®*), tribenuron (Express®),
    [Show full text]
  • Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Veronicella Spp.*
    Veronicella spp.* *In April 2013, the family Veronicellidae, a target on the 2013 and 2014 AHP Prioritized Pest Lists, was broken down into six genera of concern, including Veronicella spp. Information in the datasheet may be at the family, genus, or species level. Information for specific species within the genus is included when known and relevant; other species may occur in the genus and are still reportable at the genus level. Portions of this document were taken Figure 1. Veronicella cubensis (Pfeiffer), (Image directly from the New Pest Response courtesy of David Robinson, USDA-APHIS-PPQ) Guidelines for Tropical Terrestrial Gastropods (USDA-APHIS, 2010a). Scientific Names Veronicella cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1840) Veronicella sloanii (Cuvier, 1817) Synonyms: Veronicella cubensis Onchidium cubense Pfeiffer, 1840, Onchidium cubensis, Veronicella cubensis Thomé [Thomé], 1975 Veronicella sloanei Vaginulus sloanei Férussac, [Férussac] Vaginulus laevis de Blainville, 1817 Common Name No common name, leatherleaf slugs Figure 2. Veronicella sloanei (Cuvier), (Image courtesy of David Robinson, USDA-APHIS-PPQ) Veronicella cubensis: Cuban slug Veronicella sloanii: Pancake slug Type of Pest Mollusk Taxonomic Position Class: Gastropoda, Order: Systellommatophora, Family: Veronicellidae Last update: May 2014 1 Reason for Inclusion in Manual CAPS Target: AHP Prioritized Pest List for FY 2011 – 2015* *Originally listed under the family Veronicellidae. Pest Description Veronicellidae are anatomically distinct from many other terrestrial slugs in that they have a posterior anus, eyes on contractile tentacles, and no pulmonate lung. The sensory tentacles are bilobed. This family also lacks a mantel cavity (Runham and Hunter, 1970). Although this family is fairly easy to tell apart from others, species within this family can be difficult to distinguish due to similar morphology between species and multiple color variations within a single species.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix G ECOTOX Literature
    Appendix G ECOTOX Literature Accepted ECOTOX Data Table……………………………………………………………...2 Explanation of OPP Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes for ECOTOX Data….44 Papers Acceptable for ECOTOX and OPP………………………………………………...45 Papers Acceptable for ECOTOX but not OPP…………………………………………….76 Papers Excluded…………………………………………………………………………….187 Open Literature Review Summaries………………………………………………………313 G-1 APPENDIX G: Accepted ECOTOX Data Table The code list for ECOTOX can be found at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/blackbox/help/codelist.pdf Conc Conc Value2 Conc Effect Dur Unit Dur Dur Unit Value1 Preferre Units Chemical Name Genus Species Common Name Group Effect Meas Endpt1 Endpt2 Orig Preferred Preferred Preferred d Preferred % Purity Ref # 2,4-D Rattus norvegicus Norway rat ACC ACC RSDE NOAEL d 30 d 100 ppm 100 93410 2,4-D Rattus norvegicus Norway rat ACC ACC RSDE NOAEL d 30 d 50 ppm 100 93410 2,4-D dimethylamine salt Rattus norvegicus Norway rat ACC ACC GACC LOAEL h 4.17E-02 d 200 ppm 100 93633 2,4-D Tetrahymena pyriformis Ciliate BEH AVO STIM EC50 h 4.17E-02 d 158.3 mg/L 100 60864 2,4-D Myriophyllum sibiricum Water milfoil BCM BCM CHLA LOAEL d 14 d 1.47 mg/L 100 74985 2,4-D Myriophyllum sibiricum Water milfoil BCM BCM CHLA LOAEL d 14 d 1.47 mg/L 100 74985 2,4-D Myriophyllum sibiricum Water milfoil BCM BCM CHLA NOEC LOEC d 14 d 0.0543 0.163 mg/L 100 74985 2,4-D Myriophyllum sibiricum Water milfoil BCM BCM CHLA IC25 d 14 d 0.1662 mg/L 100 74985 2,4-D Myriophyllum sibiricum Water milfoil BCM BCM CHLA IC50 d 14 d 0.3137 mg/L 100 74985 2,4-D Myriophyllum
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
    US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Analysis of Products with Two Or More Active Ingredients
    APPENDIX A ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTS WITH TWO OR MORE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS The Agency does not routinely include, in its risk assessments, an evaluation of mixtures of active ingredients, either those mixtures of multiple active ingredients in product formulations or those in the applicator’s tank. In the case of the product formulations of active ingredients (that is, a registered product containing more than one active ingredient), each active ingredient is subject to an individual risk assessment for regulatory decision regarding the active ingredient on a particular use site. If effects data are available for a formulated product containing more than one active ingredient, they may be used qualitatively or quantitatively1 2. There are no product LD50 values, with associated 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) available for glyphosate. As discussed in USEPA (2000) a quantitative component-based evaluation of mixture toxicity requires data of appropriate quality for each component of a mixture. In this mixture evaluation an LD50 with associated 95% CI is needed for the formulated product. The same quality of data is also required for each component of the mixture. Given that the formulated products for glyphosate do not have LD50 data available it is not possible to undertake a quantitative or qualitative analysis for potential interactive effects. However, because the active ingredients are not expected to have similar mechanisms of action, metabolites, or toxicokinetic behavior, it is reasonable to conclude that an assumption of dose-addition would be inappropriate. Consequently, an assessment based on the toxicity of glyphosate is the only reasonable approach that employs the available data to address the potential acute risks of the formulated products.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the File
    HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF A PANTOEA SP. IN CULEX SP. A University Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, East Bay In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biological Science By Alyssa Nicole Cifelli September, 2015 Copyright © by Alyssa Cifelli ii Abstract Mosquitoes serve as vectors for several life-threatening pathogens such as Plasmodium spp. that cause malaria and Dengue viruses that cause dengue hemorrhagic fever. Control of mosquito populations through insecticide use, human-mosquito barriers such as the use of bed nets, and control of standing water, such as areas where rainwater has collected, collectively work to decrease transmission of pathogens. None, however, continue to work to keep disease incidence at acceptable levels. Novel approaches, such as paratransgenesis are needed that work specifically to interrupt pathogen transmission. Paratransgenesis employs symbionts of insect vectors to work against the pathogens they carry. In order to take this approach a candidate symbiont must reside in the insect where the pathogen also resides, the symbiont has to be safe for use, and amenable to genetic transformation. For mosquito species, Pantoea agglomerans is being considered for use because it satisfies all of these criteria. What isn’t known about P. agglomerans is how mosquitoes specifically acquire this bacterium, although given that this bacterium is a typical inhabitant of the environment it is likely they acquire it horizontally through feeding and/or exposure to natural waters. It is possible that they pass the bacteria to their offspring directly by vertical transmission routes. The goal of my research is to determine means of symbiont acquisition in Culex pipiens, the Northern House Mosquito.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Culicidae) Colombian Populations Cannot Be Differentiated by Isoenzymes
    Population genetics of Psorophora in Colombia 229 Psorophora columbiae and Psorophora toltecum (Diptera: Culicidae) Colombian populations cannot be differentiated by isoenzymes Manuel Ruiz-Garcia1, Diana Ramirez1, Felio Bello2 and Diana Alvarez1 1Unidad de Genetica (Genetica de Poblaciones-Biologia Evolutiva), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. CRA 7ª No. 43-82, Bogota DC, Colombia 2Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Salle, Bogota DC, Colombia Corresponding author: M. Ruiz-Garcia E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 2 (2): 229-259 (2003) Received November 8, 2002 Accepted May 30, 2003 Published June 30, 2003 ABSTRACT. Two populations of the mosquito Psorophora columbiae from the central Andean area of Colombia and one population of Ps. toltecum from the Atlantic coast of Colombia were analyzed for 11 isoen- zyme markers. Psorophora columbiae and Ps. toltecum are two of the main vectors of Venezuelan equine encephalitis. We found no conspicu- ous genetic differences between the two species. The relatively high gene flow levels among these populations indicate that these are not two different species or that there has been recent divergence between these taxa. In addition, no global differential selection among the loci was detected, although the α-GDH locus showed significantly less genetic heterogeneity than the remaining loci, which could mean that homogeniz- ing natural selection acts at this locus. No isolation by distance was de- tected among the populations, and a spatial population analysis showed opposite spatial trends among the 31 alleles analyzed. Multiregression analyses showed that both expected heterozygosity and the average num- ber of alleles per locus were totally determined by three variables: alti- tude, temperature and size of the human population at the locality.
    [Show full text]
  • Mdsa T1344 134.Pdf
    INDEX OF BIRTHS CODE SURNAME MOTHERS RACE SEX DATE OF BIRTH REGISTERED MAIDEN PiAME MO DAY YR NUMBER HOOO HGWE 8AR8ARA ANN HAAS 1 2 16 71 11445 HOOO HUH CHUN SUK RQ 6 1 23 71 03133 HOOO HOWIE DENNIS WILLI ZELU80USKI 1 2 1 31 71 01874 HOOO HAY DONALD BRYAN CODY 1 1 5 08 71 07735 HOOG HAY EDWARD FLEMI MITCHELL 1 2 9 24 71 15913 HOOO HOkE ELMER HAMILT HURT'f 2 1 1 03 71 €0199 HOOO HAY GREGORY EVER OTTO - 1 1 3 12 71 13410 HOOQ -mm- TCJHW HQWSO^ TAYLOR' -2S~ IX- -10711 HOOO HOY LINDA LEE MOATS 1 2 11 06 71 19021 HOOO hq£y LYOtA MAE COFIELD 2 2 12 26 71 21778 HOOO HO MING YUEN LAI 4 2 3 02 71 03650 HOOO HOOE ROBERT EUGIE 0 NEILL 1 2 4 07 71 G6i 10 HOOO HAY RONALD GILBE LIGGETT I 2 3 02 71 03438 HOOO HOY «ILLI AM RICH PARKS 1 1 6 26 71 10801 HOOO HUEY ZOLLie MAE HURT 2 2 1 21 71 01474 HlOO HOPP AMTHONY IRV1 PATEK 1 2 1 14 71 00627 HlOO HIPP CHARLES TAYLOR 1 1 5 18 71 08722 HlOG HAUF DIANE LYNN vallgrtigara 1 X 10 08 71 17783 HlOO HUFF FREDERICK JC DECKER 1 1 10 18 71 17821 HlOO HUFF JACK JEROME SMITH 1 1 1 28 71 01735 HlOO HOPE JAMES GEORGE POPE 2 2 12 29 71 21750 HlOO HUFF JANICE SUE SPENCER, 2 2 12 25 71 21409 HlOO HIPP JOHN WARREN MC GOWAN 1 1 10 19 71 17741 HlOO HAUF JOHN FRANKLI WILSON 1 2 8 19 71 13753 HlOO HUFF JOSEPHINE F WILLIAKSGN 2 2 2 06 7l 025SS Hi 00 HOF MARIAN GERTR MARGARITAS 1 1 3 14 71 04,411 HlOO HAUF MARTIN CARL BEECHER 1 1 g 22 71 16000 >1100 -H A ^ -4= i"! Q—i -34^ INDEX OF BIRTHS CODE SURNAME MOTHERS RACE SEX DATE OF BIR H REGISTERED MAIDEN NAME MO DAY Y NUMBER HlOO HOPE PATRICIA 01A HILL 2 1 12 19 21211 16956 HlOO HOPPA
    [Show full text]
  • List of Herbicide Groups
    List of herbicides Group Scientific name Trade name clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*, Hoegrass®), fenoxaprop (Cheetah® Gold* , Wildcat®), A Aryloxyphenoxypropionates fluazifop (Fusilade®, Fusion®*), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) butroxydim (Falcon®, Fusion®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim A Cyclohexanediones (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) A Phenylpyrazoles pinoxaden (Axial®) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, B Sulfonylureas Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron, (Logran®, Logran® B Power®*), tribenuron (Express®), trifloxysulfuron (Envoke®, Krismat®*) florasulam (Paradigm®*, Vortex®*, X-Pand®*), flumetsulam B Triazolopyrimidines (Broadstrike®), metosulam (Eclipse®), pyroxsulam (Crusader®Rexade®*) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®,), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, B Imidazolinones Lightning®*, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) B Pyrimidinylthiobenzoates bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) C Amides: propanil (Stam®) C Benzothiadiazinones: bentazone (Basagran®,
    [Show full text]
  • Psorophora Columbiae (Dyar & Knab) (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae)1 Christopher S
    EENY-735 Dark Rice Field Mosquito (suggested common name) Psorophora columbiae (Dyar & Knab) (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae)1 Christopher S. Bibbs, Derrick Mathias, and Nathan Burkett-Cadena2 Introduction Psorophora columbiae is a member of the broader Psorphora confinnis species complex (a group of closely-related spe- cies) that occurs across much of North and South America. This mosquito is associated with sun-exposed ephemeral water sources such as pooled water in agricultural lands and disturbed or grassy landscapes. The ubiquity of these habitats among agrarian and peridomestic landscapes contribute to explosive abundance of Psorophora columbiae following periods of high precipitation. Psorophora colum- biae is both a common nuisance mosquito and significant livestock pest. Common names of Psorophora columbiae vary by Figure 1. Psorophora columbiae (Dyar & Knab) adult female. region. In rice-growing regions of Arkansas, Florida, and Credits: Nathan Burkett-Cadena, UF/IFAS Louisiana Psorophora columbiae is known as the dark rice field mosquito because of its overall dark coloration and Synonymy proliferation in flooded rice fields. In the Atlantic Seaboard Janthinosoma columbiae Dyar & Knab (1906) region Psorophora columbiae is colloquially referred to as the glades mosquito or the Florida glades mosquito (King Janthinosoma floridense Dyar & Knab (1906) et al. 1960) due to its association with grasslands (glades) in otherwise forested areas. Janthinosoma texanum Dyar & Knab (1906) From the Integrated Taxonomic Information System and International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1. This document is EENY-735, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date August 2019. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication.
    [Show full text]