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Si Un Hombre Desde El Sur… Šumma Awīlum Ina Šūtim… El presente volumen está dedicado al doctor Bernardo Gandulla, CS quien fuera titular de la Cátedra de Historia Antigua I (Oriente), Secretario Académico del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental y hoy en día director de la Cátedra Libre de Estudios Cananeos. En 1995 codirigió, junto a Ana Fund Patrón, la primera Misión Argentina de Arqueología en Israel, participando de la 11ª Campaña en Tel Gerisa bajo la dirección de Ze’ev Herzog. Este volumen, homenaje por su 70° aniversario, pretende recons- truir —a través de las colaboraciones recibidas— todos los pa- sos que Gandulla ha transitado como docente e investigador. El volumen contiene catorce capítulos, presentados en dos to- Si un hombre desde el sur… mos, de historiadores y arqueólogos de Argentina, España, Šumma awīlum ina šūtim… Estados Unidos, Israel y México, que cubren las áreas de Mesopo- tamia, Anatolia y el Levante, la teoría social aplicada a la Historia Homenaje a Bernardo Gandulla. y Arqueología del Oriente y Latinoamérica y la historia de la religión Jaruf (eds.) Ianir Milevski, Luciano Monti y Pablo Escritos sobre historia y arqueología de alumnos, en el Cercano Oriente y el mundo moderno. colegas y amigos Tomo I Ianir Milevski, Luciano Monti y Pablo Jaruf (editores) Šumma awīlum ina šūtim… Si un hombre desde el sur... Si un hombre Bernardo Gandulla en la jura de alumnos en el Aula Magna de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 31 de mayo de 2013. (Foto: Alejandro Jaruf). Si un hombre desde el sur… Šumma awīlum ina šūtim… COLECCIÓN SABERES CS Si un hombre desde el sur… Šumma awīlum ina šūtim… Homenaje a Bernardo Gandulla. Escritos sobre historia y arqueología de alumnos, colegas y amigos Tomo I Ianir Milevski, Luciano Monti y Pablo Jaruf (editores) Facultad DE FilOSOFÍA Y Letras DE LA Universidad DE BueNOS Aires Decana Secretario de Investigación Consejo Editor Graciela Morgade Marcelo Campagno Virginia Manzano Flora Hilert Vicedecano Secretario de Posgrado Marcelo Topuzian Américo Cristófalo Alberto Damiani María Marta García Negroni Secretario General Subsecretaria de Bibliotecas Fernando Rodríguez Jorge Gugliotta María Rosa Mostaccio Gustavo Daujotas Hernán Inverso Secretaria Académica Subsecretario Raúl Illescas Sofía Thisted de Transferencia Matías Verdecchia y Desarrollo Secretaria de Hacienda Jimena Pautasso Alejandro Valitutti y Administración Grisel Azcuy Marcela Lamelza Subsecretaria de Relaciones Silvia Gattafoni Institucionales e Secretaria de Extensión Rosa Gómez Internacionales Universitaria y Bienestar Rosa Graciela Palmas Silvana Campanini Estudiantil Sergio Castelo Ivanna Petz Subsecretario Ayelén Suárez de Publicaciones Directora de imprenta Matías Cordo Rosa Gómez Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Colección Saberes Coordinación Editorial: Martín Gómez Maquetación: Nélida Domínguez Valle ISBN 978-987-4019-82-0 © Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA) 2017 Subsecretaría de Publicaciones Puan 480 - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires - República Argentina Tel.: 52872732 - [email protected] www.filo.uba.ar Milevski, Ianir Si un hombre desde el sur... : homenaje a Bernardo Gandulla : escritos sobre historia y arqueología de alumnos, colegas y amigos / Ianir Milevski ; Luciano Monti ; Pablo Jaruf ; editado por Ianir Milevski ; Luciano Monti ; Pablo Jaruf. - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires : Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2017. 294 p. ; 20 x 14 cm. - (Saberes) ISBN 978-987-4019-82-0 1. Homenajes. 2. Arqueología. 3. Historia Antigua. I. Milevski, Ianir, ed. II. Monti, Luciano, ed. III. Jaruf, Pablo, ed. IV. Título. CDD 930.1 Fecha de catalogación: 10/10/2017 Índice Introducción Bernardo Gandulla, una semblanza desde lo personal y lo profesional 11 Ianir Milevski, Luciano Monti y Pablo Jaruf Parte I Prehistoria Levantina Capítulo 1 Redes de intercambio en los finales de la prehistoria del Levante meridional 23 Ianir Milevski y Omry Barzilai Capítulo 2 Santuarios subterráneos en el Calcolítico del Levante meridional (circa 4500-3800 / 3600 a.C.) 57 Pablo Jaruf Capítulo 3 Posibles contactos con Mesopotamia, Egipto y Anatolia durante el Bronce Antiguo I del Levante sur 83 Jesús Gil Fuensanta Parte II Mesopotamia, Siria y Palestina Capítulo 4 El sacrificio de prisioneros de guerra en Ebla 131 Jordi Vidal Capítulo 5 La responsabilidad de la conducta de los gobernantes sobre la suerte de los Estados a la luz de un documento del Archivo Real de Mari 143 Cristina Di Bennardis y Jorge Silva Castillo Capítulo 6 Kumarbi y el panteón hurrita del III milenio a.C. 157 Luciano Monti Capítulo 7 Una nueva aproximación al problema ḫabiru: el enfoque económico 191 Gabriela Lemma Capítulo 8 Identidad étnica y conflicto de clase en la Judá del período persa (siglos VI-IV a.C.) 209 Leticia Rovira Capítulo 9 La misión del IHAO en Tel Gerisa (1995) y la colección cerámica donada por la Universidad de Tel Aviv 227 Ana M. Fund Patrón de Smith, Bernardo Gandulla e Ianir Milevski Capítulo 10 Un cementerio de la Edad del Bronce Medio en Tel Hashash, Tel Aviv 259 Amir Gorzalczany, Yitzhak Marmelstein y Orit Segal Los autores 287 Introducción Bernardo Gandulla, una semblanza desde lo personal y lo profesional Ianir Milevski, Luciano Monti y Pablo Jaruf En general los libros dedicados a homenajear a estudiosos en el terreno de la historia y la arqueología se caracterizan por la alabanza del maestro o colega, y sirven para mostrar una continuidad, en muchos casos, de un grupo de inves- tigación; también dan cuenta —a veces— de los avatares académicos y políticos de una institución y el país donde se encuentra. En nuestro caso todas estas características se cumplen; además, este volumen dedicado a Bernardo Gandulla, pretende reconstruir a través de las colaboracio- nes recibidas todos los pasos que él mismo ha transitado como docente e investigador. Bernardo nació en Buenos Aires el 18 de septiembre de 1942, y vivió sus primeros años en los barrios porteños de Caballi- to y Floresta. Fueron sus padres Ángela Barbagallo y Bernardo José Gandulla, célebre jugador de fútbol y director técnico que desarrolló su carrera en Brasil y Argentina entre 1936 y 1976. La escuela primaria la cursó en la Escuela República del Perú, en el barrio de Floresta, y la secundaria en la Escuela Normal de Profesores Nº2 “Mariano Acosta”, en la que, siendo siempre parte del Cuadro de honor, se graduó como Maestro normal nacional en 1960. 11 Interesado desde la adolescencia en la política se incorpo- ró al Partido Comunista Argentino a comienzos de los años setenta como integrante de la Comisión de Historia, un orga- nismo adjunto al Comité Central, bajo la dirección del doctor Leonardo Paso. En aquellos años protagonizó una discusión importante junto a otros colegas defendiendo el llamado “modo de producción asiático” en contra de las intenciones del estalinismo por borrar esa importante categoría esbozada por Marx en sus formas de producción precapitalistas. Bernardo abandonó el partido hacia 1992, aunque no sus convicciones. En sus años de juventud, durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970, Bernardo también fue parte de la vanguardia literaria por- teña. Entre 1967 y 1969 fue cofundador y codirector de la re- vista literaria Punto Omega y en 1975 obtuvo el Primer Premio de Poesía Inédita del Fondo Nacional de las Artes. Asimismo, durante la década de 1980, escribió un libro junto a Jorge Luis Borges, Leopoldo Torres Agüero e Isidoro Vegh, obra que se editó primero en Argentina y luego en Francia. En 1961 ingresó a la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, donde se graduó como Profesor de Historia en 1975. Desde el inicio de la carrera, en 1962, comenzó a trabajar como auxiliar de investigación en el en- tonces Centro de Historia Antigua Oriental, hoy Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental de la misma Facultad. Allí trabajó bajo la dirección del doctor Abraham Rosenvasser, de quien fue discípulo y amigo hasta su muerte en 1983. Durante los años que tuvo relación directa con Rosenvasser, llevó a cabo estudios sobre diversas problemáticas históri- cas de temas bíblicos y del Cercano Oriente (Persia y Egipto). En el Centro de Estudios, y más tarde en el Instituto, realizó estudios de Hebreo Clásico y Arameo con Abraham Platkin (fallecido en 1996), así como de Acadio, Ugarítico y Árabe con Mordechai Mishor (de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén), hoy miembro de la Academia de la Lengua Hebrea. 12 Ianir Milevski, Luciano Monti y Pablo Jaruf El más veterano de nosotros (Ianir Milevski) recuerda a Bernardo por primera vez entrando en una de las cla- ses en 1977, cuando ya había sido separado de la cátedra, participando junto a un ayudante en las clases de historia del Cercano Oriente. También recuerda su magistral clase en el concurso por la titularidad de la cátedra de Historia Antigua I en 1987, cargo que le fue, injusta y arbitrariamen- te, negado por un jurado nada imparcial. En 1993, durante el Primer Encuentro Internacional de Historia Antigua Oriental realizado en Buenos Aires —a cuya organización contribuyó activamente junto a su amiga y co- lega la Profesora y Licenciada Ana M. Fund Patrón— conoció a André Finet, quien tuvo trascendental importancia en lo personal y profesional para Bernardo, ya que comenzó una entrañable relación tanto académica como personal, y fue Finet el encargado de dirigir su tesis doctoral. Esta relación, que tuvo su reflejo en un constante intercambio epistolar así como en los viajes realizados, continuó hasta el fallecimiento del Dr. Finet, en mayo de 2007. De este manera, en el 2003, defendiendo su tesis ante un jurado internacional, obtuvo su Doctorado en el área de Historia, otorgado por la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El tema de investigación fue la interacción cultural en el Levante de la Edad del Bronce, y en especial el rol de las relaciones e influencias entre Trans- caucasia —en especial de los hurritas— y el sur del Levante en la conformación del pueblo hebreo.
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