REPTILES - Field Companion Testudines
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The Common Mussurana, Clelia Clelia, Is a Widespread Colubrid Found Throughout Much of Central and South America
The Common Mussurana, Clelia clelia, is a widespread colubrid found throughout much of Central and South America. One unusual feature of this snake is its ontogenetic color change, as juveniles (above; KU 181136) display markedly different coloration from adults, which are uniform bluish black. In the following study we quantitatively measured the coloration patterns of 105 juvenile museum specimens of this species from many localities throughout its range, and found strong geographic patterns in the shape and size of the head bands. To our knowledge, this information on color pattern variation has not been reported. ' © Luke Welton 111 Arquilla and Lehtinen Head band shape in juveniles of Clelia clelia www.mesoamericanherpetology.com www.eaglemountainpublishing.com Geographic variation in head band shape in juveniles of Clelia clelia (Colubridae) APRIL M. ARQUILLA AND RICHARD M. LEHTINEN Department of Biology, The College of Wooster, 554 E. University St., Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States. E-mail: [email protected] (RML, Corresponding author) ABSTRACT: Color variability influences many aspects of organismal function, such as camouflage, mating displays, and thermoregulation. Coloration patterns frequently vary geographically and sometimes among life stages of the same species. One widely distributed snake species that shows ontogenetic color change is Clelia clelia (Colubridae). No quantitative studies, however, have assessed coloration patterns in this species. To fill this gap and to assess color pattern variation within this species, we measured the lengths of the head and neck bands of 105 specimens of C. clelia from across much of its geographic range. We found that the head band shape and length of specimens from Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest were significantly different compared to those from Central America and the Pacific or Caribbean coasts of South America, and that they stem from a difference in the shape of the first black collar on the snout and the anterior portion of the head. -
Epicrates Maurus (Rainbow Boa Or Velvet Mapepire)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour Epicrates maurus (Rainbow Boa or Velvet Mapepire) Family: Boidae (Boas and Pythons) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles) Fig. 1. Rainbow boa, Epicrates maurus. [http://squamates.blogspot.com/2010/10/declines-in-snake-and-lizard.html, Downloaded 10 November, 2011] . TRAITS. The rainbow boa, also known as the velvet mapepire, is a snake that grows to a maximum length of 4 feet in males and 4.5 to 5 feet in females. The life span of this species of snake is an average of 20 years if held in captivity and 10 years in the wild. Their name, rainbow boa, originated from their appearance because of an iridescent shine emanating from microscopic ridges on their scales that refract light to produce all the colours of the rainbow. These boas are generally brownish red in colour associated with dark marking during their juvenile life, however this coloration becomes subdued as they get older (Underwood 2009). These snakes are mainly nocturnal and also terrestrial, they have a small head with a narrow neck and a thick body (Boos 2001). Boas are considered primitive snakes and this is supported by the presence of two vestigal, hind limbs which appers as spurs on either side of the cloaca (Conrad 2009). ECOLOGY. Rainbow boas occupy a variety of habitats in Trinidad and Tobago, they can be found in dry tropical forest, rainforest clearings or even close to human settlements such as agricultural communities. Like all boas, they are excellent swimmers, however they restrain from being in contact with water as much as possible. -
Laws of Malaysia
LAWS OF MALAYSIA ONLINE VERSION OF UPDATED TEXT OF REPRINT Act 716 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 2010 As at 1 December 2014 2 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 2010 Date of Royal Assent … … 21 October 2010 Date of publication in the Gazette … … … 4 November 2010 Latest amendment made by P.U.(A)108/2014 which came into operation on ... ... ... ... … … … … 18 April 2014 3 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 716 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 2010 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title and commencement 2. Application 3. Interpretation PART II APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS, ETC. 4. Appointment of officers, etc. 5. Delegation of powers 6. Power of Minister to give directions 7. Power of the Director General to issue orders 8. Carrying and use of arms PART III LICENSING PROVISIONS Chapter 1 Requirement for licence, etc. 9. Requirement for licence 4 Laws of Malaysia ACT 716 Section 10. Requirement for permit 11. Requirement for special permit Chapter 2 Application for licence, etc. 12. Application for licence, etc. 13. Additional information or document 14. Grant of licence, etc. 15. Power to impose additional conditions and to vary or revoke conditions 16. Validity of licence, etc. 17. Carrying or displaying licence, etc. 18. Change of particulars 19. Loss of licence, etc. 20. Replacement of licence, etc. 21. Assignment of licence, etc. 22. Return of licence, etc., upon expiry 23. Suspension or revocation of licence, etc. 24. Licence, etc., to be void 25. Appeals Chapter 3 Miscellaneous 26. Hunting by means of shooting 27. No licence during close season 28. Prerequisites to operate zoo, etc. 29. Prohibition of possessing, etc., snares 30. -
A Natural History Database and R Package for Comparative Biology of Snake Feeding Habits
Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49943 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e49943 R Package SquamataBase: a natural history database and R package for comparative biology of snake feeding habits Michael C. Grundler ‡ ‡ Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America Corresponding author: Michael C. Grundler ([email protected]) Academic editor: Scott Chamberlain Received: 07 Jan 2020 | Accepted: 20 Feb 2020 | Published: 27 Mar 2020 Citation: Grundler MC (2020) SquamataBase: a natural history database and R package for comparative biology of snake feeding habits. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49943. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49943 Abstract Public databases in taxonomy, phylogenetics and geographic and fossil occurrence records are key research tools that provide raw materials, on which broad-scale analyses and synthesis in their respective fields are based. Comparable repositories for natural history observations are rare. Publicly available natural history data on traits like diet, habitat and reproduction are scattered across an extensive primary literature and remain relatively inaccessible to researchers interested in using these data for broad-scale analyses in macroecology and macroevolution. In this paper, I introduce SquamataBase, an open-source R package and database of predator-prey records involving the world’s snakes. SquamataBase facilitates the discovery of natural history observations for use in comparative analyses and synthesis and, in its current form, contains observations of at least 18,304 predator individuals comprising 1,227 snake species and at least 58,633 prey items comprising 3,231 prey taxa. To facilitate integration with comparative analysis workflows, the data are distributed inside an R package, which also provides basic functionality for common data manipulation and filtering operations. -
Activity Budget and Spatial Behavior of the Emerald Tree Boa Corallus Batesii
Activity Budget and Spatial Behavior of the Emerald Tree Boa Corallus batesii Faculty Member #1 Joseph R. Mendelson III Signature Faculty Member #2 Emily G. Weigel Signature 2 Acknowledgments I would first like to thank my primary research advisor, Professor Joseph Mendelson, for your guidance and support. Thank you for inviting me to be a part of the emerald boa project and for investing so much time in helping me to become a scientist. I would also like to thank my second research advisor, Professor Emily Weigel, for helping me to get involved in research. Thank you for all of your help with my statistics and analysis and for providing detailed feedback to help me improve my scientific writing. Next, I would like to thank members of my research team: Liz Haseltine, Sav Berry, and Ellen Sproule. Thank you for organizing this study and for your help analyzing our 1,104 hours of video footage. I would like to thank members of the Spatial Ecology and Paleontology lab for your help in training me to become a better researcher. Thank you to Professor Jenny McGuire, Dr. Sílvia Pineda-Munoz, Dr. Yue Wang, Dr. Rachel Short, and Julia Schap. A special thanks to Ben Shipley and Danny Lauer for teaching me how to use R. Finally, I would like to thank my family for your continuous support while I study to become a wildlife biologist. Thank you for listening to me talk about snakes for the past few years. 3 Abstract Corallus batesii is a boid snake native to the Amazon basin. -
Stiiemtific PNSTHTUTHQNS in LATIN AMERICA the BUTANTAN Institutel
StiIEMTIFIC PNSTHTUTHQNS IN LATIN AMERICA THE BUTANTAN INSTITUTEl Director: Dr. Jayme Cavalcanti Xão Paulo, Brazil The ‘%utantan Institute of Serum-Therapy,” situated in the middle of a large park on the outskirts of Sao Paulo, was founded in 1899 by the Government of the State primarily for the purpose of preparing plague vaccine and serum. Dr. Vital Brazil, the first Director of the Institute, resumed there the studies on snake poisons which he had begun in 1895 on his return from France, and his work and that of his colleagues soon caused the Institute to become world-famous for its work in that field. Dr. Brazil was one of the first workers to observe the specificity of snake venom, that is, that different species of snakes have different venoms and that, therefore, different sera must be made for treating their bites. His work on snake poisons included zoological studies of the various species of snakes in the country, with their geographic distribution, biology, common names, types of venom, etc.; the prepara- tion of sera from various types of venom; the teaching of preventive measures, including the method of capturing snakes and sending them ’ to the specialized centers; establishment of a system of exchange of live snakes for ampules of serum between the farmers and the Insti- tute; the introduction into the death certificate of an entry for the recording of snake-bite as a cause of death, and the compiling of sta- tistics of bites, treatment used, and results. Dr. Brazil was followed in the directioqof the Institute, in 1919, by Dr. -
Historia Natural Y Cultural De La Región Del Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
Natural and Cultural History of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica Historia natural y cultural de la región del Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica Anton WEISSENHOFER , Werner HUBER , Veronika MAYER , Susanne PAMPERL , Anton WEBER , Gerhard AUBRECHT (scientific editors) Impressum Katalog / Publication: Stapfia 88 , Zugleich Kataloge der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen N.S. 80 ISSN: 0252-192X ISBN: 978-3-85474-195-4 Erscheinungsdatum / Date of deliVerY: 9. Oktober 2008 Medieninhaber und Herausgeber / CopYright: Land Oberösterreich, Oberösterreichische Landesmuseen, Museumstr.14, A-4020 LinZ Direktion: Mag. Dr. Peter Assmann Leitung BiologieZentrum: Dr. Gerhard Aubrecht Url: http://WWW.biologieZentrum.at E-Mail: [email protected] In Kooperation mit dem Verein Zur Förderung der Tropenstation La Gamba (WWW.lagamba.at). Wissenschaftliche Redaktion / Scientific editors: Anton Weissenhofer, Werner Huber, Veronika MaYer, Susanne Pamperl, Anton Weber, Gerhard Aubrecht Redaktionsassistent / Assistant editor: FritZ Gusenleitner LaYout, Druckorganisation / LaYout, printing organisation: EVa Rührnößl Druck / Printing: Plöchl-Druck, Werndlstraße 2, 4240 Freistadt, Austria Bestellung / Ordering: http://WWW.biologieZentrum.at/biophp/de/stapfia.php oder / or [email protected] Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschütZt. Jede VerWertung außerhalb der en - gen GrenZen des UrheberrechtsgesetZes ist ohne Zustimmung des Medieninhabers unZulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für VerVielfältigungen, ÜbersetZungen, MikroVerfilmungen soWie die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen SYstemen. Für den Inhalt der Abhandlungen sind die Verfasser Verant - Wortlich. Schriftentausch erWünscht! All rights reserVed. No part of this publication maY be reproduced or transmitted in anY form or bY anY me - ans Without prior permission from the publisher. We are interested in an eXchange of publications. Umschlagfoto / CoVer: Blattschneiderameisen. Photo: AleXander Schneider. -
Microhabitat Selection of the Poorly Known Lizard Tropidurus Lagunablanca (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in the Pantanal, Brazil
ARTICLE Microhabitat selection of the poorly known lizard Tropidurus lagunablanca (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in the Pantanal, Brazil Ronildo Alves Benício¹; Daniel Cunha Passos²; Abraham Mencía³ & Zaida Ortega⁴ ¹ Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Laboratório de Herpetologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR). Crato, CE, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-2172. E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) ² Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Departamento de Biociências (DBIO), Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento Animal (LECA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC). Mossoró, RN, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-4496. E-mail: [email protected] ³ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal (PPGBA). Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-2031. E-mail: [email protected] ⁴ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC). Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-1652. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Understanding how different environmental factors influence species occurrence is a key issue to address the study of natural populations. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how local traits influence the microhabitat use of tropical arboreal lizards. Here, we investigated the microhabitat selection of the poorly known lizard Tropidurus lagunablanca (Squamata: Tropiduridae) and evaluated how environmental microhabitat features influence animal’s presence. -
Review of on the Basis of of 2014 CITES Quotas of Species Selected
UNEP-WCMC technical report Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas Part II (Version edited for public release) Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas. Part II. Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment , Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements , Brussels, Belgium Published November 2014 Copyright European Commission 2014 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2014. Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas. Part II. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision -makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in ap propriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners where needed, so that they can provide the same services at national and regional scales. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors. -
Edging Toward Extinction: the Status of Wildlife in Latin America
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 1980 Edging Toward Extinction: The Status of Wildlife in Latin America Douglas R. Shane The Institute for the Study of Animal Problems Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/isap_sprpts Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, and the Population Biology Commons Recommended Citation Shane, Douglas R. and The Institute for the Study of Animal Problems, "Edging Toward Extinction: The Status of Wildlife in Latin America" (1980). ISAP SPECIAL REPORTS. 3. https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/isap_sprpts/3 This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. E I EXT I I e Status of Ainenca(]j) By DOUGL,AS Re SHANE Research Consultant Sponsored By The Institute for the Study of Animal Problems Washington, DoCo I"-J 0 1\T H UNITED STATES ' .~ A M E R l La protecci6n a los animales forma parte esencial de Ia moral y Ia cultura de los pueblos civilizados. - Benito Juarez - Destroyed buildings can be rebuilt; destroyed works of art may possibly be replaced by new creations; but every animal and every flower which becomes extinct is lost forever in the most absolute of all deaths. - Joseph Wood Krutch - L Copyroght. American Map Co., Inc., r•lew York, No. 18468 ------------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SECTION I - -
East Indian Leopard Gecko
...pg24 ...pg34 ( Reptile Nutrition UVB and Reptiles Vol. 13 | No. 06 | November/December 2019 the #1 reptile and exotic pet website Ultimate East Indian .co.za exotics Leopard Gecko Eublepharis hardwickii Ball Python Humidity & Temperature The Speckled Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula holbrooki) Brazilian Rainbow Boa (Epicrates cenchria) Pg. 30 The Pink Toe Tarantula (Avicularia avicularia) Pg. 38 www.ultimateexotics.co.za | november/december 2019 | ultimate exotics 1 Contents Volume 13 | Number 06 | 2019 Nov/Dec 19 South Africa’s only Reptile and Exotic Pet Magazine! features 04 THE SPECKLED KINGSNAKE There is something very special about this species of Kingsnake and although their body shape may be similar to that of a Florida Kingsnake there is something about their colouring and patterning that is truly mesmerizing. TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY FOR 10 BALL PYTHONS Ball pythons are ectotherms that are native to the tropics. Not surprisingly, they have precise humidity and temperature requirements inside their enclosure. 04 16 EAST INDIAN LEOPARD GECKO The East Indian Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis hardwickii), also known commonly as Hardwicke’s gecko, is a species of gecko in the family Eublepharidae. This species is endemic to India and Bangladesh and in this article we learn all about them. 24 REPTILE NUTRITION Some reptiles make it easy to provide optimum nutrition. Snakes, for example, swallow whole prey that contains all of the nutrients they need to survive and thrive. Provided, of course, that the prey was also fed properly and doesn’t suffer from parasites or deficiencies. 16 38 HANDLING TARANTULAS Seasoned keepers often enjoy handling their calmer animals (and sometimes, the not so calm ones) as a way to feel more bonded to these amazing creatures. -
Volume 2. Animals
AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations.