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The Common Mussurana, Clelia Clelia, Is a Widespread Colubrid Found Throughout Much of Central and South America
The Common Mussurana, Clelia clelia, is a widespread colubrid found throughout much of Central and South America. One unusual feature of this snake is its ontogenetic color change, as juveniles (above; KU 181136) display markedly different coloration from adults, which are uniform bluish black. In the following study we quantitatively measured the coloration patterns of 105 juvenile museum specimens of this species from many localities throughout its range, and found strong geographic patterns in the shape and size of the head bands. To our knowledge, this information on color pattern variation has not been reported. ' © Luke Welton 111 Arquilla and Lehtinen Head band shape in juveniles of Clelia clelia www.mesoamericanherpetology.com www.eaglemountainpublishing.com Geographic variation in head band shape in juveniles of Clelia clelia (Colubridae) APRIL M. ARQUILLA AND RICHARD M. LEHTINEN Department of Biology, The College of Wooster, 554 E. University St., Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States. E-mail: [email protected] (RML, Corresponding author) ABSTRACT: Color variability influences many aspects of organismal function, such as camouflage, mating displays, and thermoregulation. Coloration patterns frequently vary geographically and sometimes among life stages of the same species. One widely distributed snake species that shows ontogenetic color change is Clelia clelia (Colubridae). No quantitative studies, however, have assessed coloration patterns in this species. To fill this gap and to assess color pattern variation within this species, we measured the lengths of the head and neck bands of 105 specimens of C. clelia from across much of its geographic range. We found that the head band shape and length of specimens from Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest were significantly different compared to those from Central America and the Pacific or Caribbean coasts of South America, and that they stem from a difference in the shape of the first black collar on the snout and the anterior portion of the head. -
Stiiemtific PNSTHTUTHQNS in LATIN AMERICA the BUTANTAN Institutel
StiIEMTIFIC PNSTHTUTHQNS IN LATIN AMERICA THE BUTANTAN INSTITUTEl Director: Dr. Jayme Cavalcanti Xão Paulo, Brazil The ‘%utantan Institute of Serum-Therapy,” situated in the middle of a large park on the outskirts of Sao Paulo, was founded in 1899 by the Government of the State primarily for the purpose of preparing plague vaccine and serum. Dr. Vital Brazil, the first Director of the Institute, resumed there the studies on snake poisons which he had begun in 1895 on his return from France, and his work and that of his colleagues soon caused the Institute to become world-famous for its work in that field. Dr. Brazil was one of the first workers to observe the specificity of snake venom, that is, that different species of snakes have different venoms and that, therefore, different sera must be made for treating their bites. His work on snake poisons included zoological studies of the various species of snakes in the country, with their geographic distribution, biology, common names, types of venom, etc.; the prepara- tion of sera from various types of venom; the teaching of preventive measures, including the method of capturing snakes and sending them ’ to the specialized centers; establishment of a system of exchange of live snakes for ampules of serum between the farmers and the Insti- tute; the introduction into the death certificate of an entry for the recording of snake-bite as a cause of death, and the compiling of sta- tistics of bites, treatment used, and results. Dr. Brazil was followed in the directioqof the Institute, in 1919, by Dr. -
Historia Natural Y Cultural De La Región Del Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
Natural and Cultural History of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica Historia natural y cultural de la región del Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica Anton WEISSENHOFER , Werner HUBER , Veronika MAYER , Susanne PAMPERL , Anton WEBER , Gerhard AUBRECHT (scientific editors) Impressum Katalog / Publication: Stapfia 88 , Zugleich Kataloge der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen N.S. 80 ISSN: 0252-192X ISBN: 978-3-85474-195-4 Erscheinungsdatum / Date of deliVerY: 9. Oktober 2008 Medieninhaber und Herausgeber / CopYright: Land Oberösterreich, Oberösterreichische Landesmuseen, Museumstr.14, A-4020 LinZ Direktion: Mag. Dr. Peter Assmann Leitung BiologieZentrum: Dr. Gerhard Aubrecht Url: http://WWW.biologieZentrum.at E-Mail: [email protected] In Kooperation mit dem Verein Zur Förderung der Tropenstation La Gamba (WWW.lagamba.at). Wissenschaftliche Redaktion / Scientific editors: Anton Weissenhofer, Werner Huber, Veronika MaYer, Susanne Pamperl, Anton Weber, Gerhard Aubrecht Redaktionsassistent / Assistant editor: FritZ Gusenleitner LaYout, Druckorganisation / LaYout, printing organisation: EVa Rührnößl Druck / Printing: Plöchl-Druck, Werndlstraße 2, 4240 Freistadt, Austria Bestellung / Ordering: http://WWW.biologieZentrum.at/biophp/de/stapfia.php oder / or [email protected] Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschütZt. Jede VerWertung außerhalb der en - gen GrenZen des UrheberrechtsgesetZes ist ohne Zustimmung des Medieninhabers unZulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für VerVielfältigungen, ÜbersetZungen, MikroVerfilmungen soWie die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen SYstemen. Für den Inhalt der Abhandlungen sind die Verfasser Verant - Wortlich. Schriftentausch erWünscht! All rights reserVed. No part of this publication maY be reproduced or transmitted in anY form or bY anY me - ans Without prior permission from the publisher. We are interested in an eXchange of publications. Umschlagfoto / CoVer: Blattschneiderameisen. Photo: AleXander Schneider. -
BOIRUNA MACULATA (Mussurana, Víbora Luta, Mamona). PREYS and PREDATION BEHAVIOR
BOIRUNA MACULATA (Mussurana, Víbora luta, Mamona). PREYS AND PREDATION BEHAVIOR. Boiruna maculata has a large distribution in southern South America, from Mendoza, southwestern Argentina to southern Bolivia, western Mato Grosso do Sul and southern Goiás, and southern Brazil. It is also found in Paraguay and Uruguay (Giraudo and Scrocchi, 2002. Argentinean Snakes: an annotated checklist. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Serv. 132: 53 pp.; Achával and Olmos, 1997. Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo. 128 pp.; Zaher, 1996. Boll. Mus. Reg. Sc. Nat. Torino 14 (2): 289-337). Because of its distribution, coloration, food habits and myths about their behavior, the species is one of the best known in the region, both by specialists and non-specialists. In spite of this, here we describe an unknown behavior and food habit. On January 10th, 2004 at 0030 h, while conducting a herpetological survey in the Reserva Ecológica El Bagual (26º10’53”S, 58º56’39”W), Formosa, Argentina, we observed an adult “Zorzal” (Turdus rufiventris) fall out from its nest in a “Espina Corona” tree (Gleditsia amorphoides) at 1,5 m from the ground. The reason was a male of Boiruna maculata (SVL 1298 mm; 525 g; Herpetological collection Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina, FML 15421) that was climbing the tree and began eating one of the three chicks (45,0 g; 39,5 g and 40,3 g; approximately 9 days old) in the nest. Another specimen was captured on November 18th, 1996, during the morning, resting in a nest of “Boyero ala amarilla” (Cacicus chrysopterus) that was hanging at the end of a thin branch of a “Guayacán” (Caesalpinia paraguayensis) at 3,5 m from the ground and 5 m from the trunk; the snake regurgitated two chicks and in the nest rested two others, one dead and another alive (estimated age and weight of the chicks: 16-18 days; 30-34 g). -
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THE HERPETOLOGICAL BULLETIN The Herpetological Bulletin is produced quarterly and publishes, in English, a range of articles concerned with herpetology. These include full-length papers of mostly a semi-technical nature, book reviews, letters from readers, society news, and other items of general herpetological interest. Emphasis is placed on natural history, conservation, captive breeding and husbandry, veterinary and behavioural aspects. Articles reporting the results of experimental research, descriptions of new taxa, or taxonomic revisions should be submitted to The Herpetological Journal (see inside back cover for Editor's address). ISSN 1473-0928 The British Herpetological Society. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the Editor. Printed by Metloc Printers Limited, Old Station Road, Loughton, Essex. Information for contributors 1. Contributions should be submitted in hard copy form (2 copies of manuscript, double-spaced) AND on computer diskette in Windows format only. The Bulletin is typeset directly from the author's diskette, so wherever possible all manuscripts should be prepared using a word-processor. Please indicate word-processing software used, and if possible also include a text-only version of the file. The text should be arranged in the following order: Title; Name(s) of author(s); Address(es) of authors (please indicate corresponding author); Abstract (optional - if included should not exceed 10% of total word length); Text; Acknowledgements; References; Appendices. Footnotes should not be included. Refer to this issue for style and format information. 2. Slides and high resolution scanned images are the preferred form of illustration, although good quality prints are also acceptable. -
Snake Communities Worldwide
Web Ecology 6: 44–58. Testing hypotheses on the ecological patterns of rarity using a novel model of study: snake communities worldwide L. Luiselli Luiselli, L. 2006. Testing hypotheses on the ecological patterns of rarity using a novel model of study: snake communities worldwide. – Web Ecol. 6: 44–58. The theoretical and empirical causes and consequences of rarity are of central impor- tance for both ecological theory and conservation. It is not surprising that studies of the biology of rarity have grown tremendously during the past two decades, with particular emphasis on patterns observed in insects, birds, mammals, and plants. I analyse the patterns of the biology of rarity by using a novel model system: snake communities worldwide. I also test some of the main hypotheses that have been proposed to explain and predict rarity in species. I use two operational definitions for rarity in snakes: Rare species (RAR) are those that accounted for 1% to 2% of the total number of individuals captured within a given community; Very rare species (VER) account for ≤ 1% of individuals captured. I analyse each community by sample size, species richness, conti- nent, climatic region, habitat and ecological characteristics of the RAR and VER spe- cies. Positive correlations between total species number and the fraction of RAR and VER species and between sample size and rare species in general were found. As shown in previous insect studies, there is a clear trend for the percentage of RAR and VER snake species to increase in species-rich, tropical African and South American commu- nities. This study also shows that rare species are particularly common in the tropics, although habitat type did not influence the frequency of RAR and VER species. -
2019 Journal Publications
2019 Journal Publications January Akat, E. (2019). Histological and histochemical study on the mesonephric kidney of Pelophylaxbedriagae (Anura: Ranidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 43, pp.224-228. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-19-43-2/zoo-43-2-8-1807-24.pdf Araujo‐Vieira, K. Blotto, B. L. Caramaschi, U. Haddad, C. F. B. Faivovich, J. Grant, T. (2019). A total evidence analysis of the phylogeny of hatchet‐faced treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae: Sphaenorhynchus). Cladistics, Online, pp.1–18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330509192_A_total_evidence_analysis_of_the_phyloge ny_of_hatchet-faced_treefrogs_Anura_Hylidae_Sphaenorhynchus Ayala, C. Ramos, A. Merlo, Á. Zambrano, L. (2019). Microhabitat selection of axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum , in artificial and natural aquatic systems. Hydrobiologia, 828(1), pp.11-20. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-018-3792-8 Bélouard, N. Petit, E. J. Huteau, D. Oger, A. Paillisson, J-M. (2019). Fins are relevant non-lethal surrogates for muscle to measure stable isotopes in amphibians. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 420. https://www.kmae-journal.org/articles/kmae/pdf/2019/01/kmae180087.pdf Bernabò, I. Brunelli, E. (2019). Comparative morphological analysis during larval development of three syntopic newt species (Urodela: Salamandridae). The European Zoological Journal, 86(1), pp.38-53. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24750263.2019.1568599 Berman, D. Bulakhova, N. Meshcheryakova, E. (2019). The Siberian wood frog survives for months underwater without oxygen. Scientific Reports, 9, pp.1-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31974-6.pdf Bignotte-Giró, I. Fong G, A. López-Iborra, G. M. (2019). Acoustic niche partitioning in five Cuban frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus. -
Clelia Clelia (Black Cribo) Family: Dipsadidae (Rear-Fanged Snakes) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Clelia clelia (Black Cribo) Family: Dipsadidae (Rear-fanged Snakes) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles) Fig. 1. Black cribo, Clelia Clelia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussurana#/media/File:Mussurana2.jpg, downloaded 31 March 2015] TRAITS. Clelia clelia is a neotropical snake which is blue-black with an off-white under belly (Fig. 1). The maximum length is about 228cm snout-vent length (SVL), with the tail another 24% of SVL. The rostral scale visible from overhead. There are 218-225 ventral scales, one single anal scale, and 19 dorsal scale rows at the mid-body. Juveniles have a bright red dorsum (back) with a black crown with an off-white collar (Fig. 2), and are about 23cm when hatched (Murphy, 1997; Herptofauna of Trinidad and Tobago, 2015). Clelia clelia is an opisthoglyph meaning it is rear fanged, it has large grooved teeth at the rear of the upper jaw that deliver a mild venom to disable its prey. It is not dangerously venomous to humans. DISTRIBUTION. The black cribo is present throughout Trinidad (Boos, 2001), but not Tobago (Fig. 3). However, sightings of adults are limited, and those of juveniles are even rarer (Ali, 2015). Clelia clelia is also widespread from Mexico to Uruguay and Argentina (Fig. 4) (Murphy, 1997). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. The black cribo is primarily terrestrial, in heavily forested areas. They rely on camouflage to be undetected, and prefer to forage through underbrush and leaf litter. -
REPTILES - Field Companion Testudines
REPTILES - Field Companion Testudines Red-footed Tortoise - Geochelone carbonaria English Red-footed Tortoise Class: Dutch Kolenbrander Schildpad REPTILES Order: Sranan Redifutu Sekrepatu / Sabana Sekrepatu Testudines Trio Oikurija Family: Wayana Testudinidae © Jan Ranson Yellow-footed Tortoise - Geochelone denticulata English (South American) Yellow-footed Tortoise Class: Dutch Braziliaanse Reuzenschildpad / Geelpoot REPTILES Bosschildpad Order: Testudines Sranan Busi Sekrepatu Family: Trio Pakäsa Testudinidae Wayana © Geoff Gallice (CC) Spot-legged Turtle - Rhinoclemmys punctularia English Spot(ted)-legged Turtle Class: Dutch Zuid-Amerikaanse Aardschildpad / Gewone REPTILES Moerasschildpad Order: Testudines Sranan Peni-ede Arakaka Family: Trio Pujiji Geoemydidae Wayana (or Bataguridae) © Hervé Breton (CC) Scorpion Mud Turtle - Kinosternon scorpioides English Scorpion Mud Turtle Class: Dutch Zuid-Amerikaanse Modderschildpad / REPTILES Schorpioen Modderschildpad Order: Testudines Sranan Arakaka Family: Trio Pïropahka / Maka Kinosternidae Wayana © Wilfried Berns Updated: 11 December 2015 Page 1 of 13 Biodiversity Database Suriname Amazon Conservation Team www.ethnobiobase.act-suriname.org/ REPTILES - Field Companion Testudines Guianan Toadhead Turtle - Batrachemys nasuta English Guianan Toadhead Turtle / Common Class: Toadheaded Turtle REPTILES Dutch Gewone Kikkerkop Schildpad Order: Testudines Sranan Kron-neki Family: Trio Warakaka / Piropaha Chelidae Wayana © ACT Matamata Turtle - Chelus fimbriatus English Matamata (Turtle) Class: Dutch -
Review of Species Selected on the Basis of a New Or Increased Export Quota in 2012
Review of species selected on the basis of a new or increased export quota in 2012 (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre August, 2012 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org The United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre PREPARED FOR (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Environment Programme (UNEP), the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental DISCLAIMER organisation. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research The contents of this report do not necessarily with practical policy advice. The Centre's reflect the views or policies of UNEP or mission is to evaluate and highlight the many contributory organisations. The designations values of biodiversity and put authoritative employed and the presentations do not imply biodiversity knowledge at the centre of the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on decision-making. Through the analysis and the part of UNEP, the European Commission synthesis of global biodiversity knowledge the or contributory organisations concerning the Centre provides authoritative, strategic and legal status of any country, territory, city or timely information for conventions, countries area or its authority, or concerning the and organisations to use in the development delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. and implementation of their policies and decisions. -
The Evolution of Diet and Microhabitat Use in Pseudoboine Snakes
South American Journal of Herpetology, 8(1), 2013, 60–66 © 2013 Brazilian Society of Herpetology The Evolution of Diet and Microhabitat Use in Pseudoboine Snakes Laura R.V. Alencar1,*, Marília P. Gaiarsa1,2, Marcio Martins1,3 1 Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Reflecting their exceptional radiation, snakes occur in different habitats and microhabitats and are able to eat numerous types of prey. The availability of good and comprehensive phylogenies for different snake’s lineages together with natural history data provides an opportunity to explore how ecological traits diversified during their radiation. In the present study, we describe the diet and microhabitat variation (arboreal or non-arboreal) in the tribe Pseudoboini and explore how these traits evolved during the tribe’s diversification. We analyzed specimens deposited in scientific collections and gathered information on diet and microhabitat use available in the literature and provided by other researchers. We also mapped diet and microhabitat data onto a phylogeny of the tribe using the principle of parsimony. Pseudoboine snakes feed mainly on lizards and small mammals, and of the 22 species for which a minimum number of prey records was obtained, nine are diet generalists, six are lizard specialists, three are small mammal specialists, two are snake specialists, one is a lizard egg specialist, and one is a bird egg specialist. The highly diverse feeding habits of pseudoboines seem to have evolved mainly in the terminal taxa. -
Richness and Phylogenetic Diversity Are Affected by Space and Time in the Megadiverse Atlantic Forest of South America
1 Richness and phylogenetic diversity are affected by space and time in the megadiverse Atlantic Forest of South America José Thales da Motta Portillo¹, Fausto Erritto Barbo2,3, Josué Anderson Rêgo Azevedo4,5, Ricardo Jannini Sawaya6 1Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil. 2Núcleo de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Campus Villa Lobos, Avenida Imperatriz Leopoldina, 550, São Paulo, 05305-000, São Paulo, Brazil. 3Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil. 4Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, S-405 30, Sweden. 5Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Box 461, SE-405 30, Sweden. 6Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus, 03, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, 09606-070, Brazil. Corresponding Author José Thales da Motta Portillo E-mail Address [email protected] PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27450v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 27 Dec 2018, publ: 27 Dec 2018 2 ABSTRACT Understanding variation of species richness along latitudinal gradients, with more species toward the tropics, represents a challenge for ecologists. Species richness also varies according to the available area, with more species in larger regions, with area and latitude posited as major drivers of richness variations. However, species richness does not fully capture the evolutionary history behind those patterns. Phylogenetic diversity can provide insights on the role of time and evolutionary drivers of environmental gradients.