2016 Malawi Country Climate Action Report
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Irish Aid is supporting Self Help Africa to increase farmers’ skills and knowledge. Photo: Self Help Africa MALAWI CLIMATE ACTIO N REPORT FOR 2016 Resilience and Economic Inclusion Team | Irish Aid | November 2017 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Country Context ........................................................................................................................ 2 Overview of Climate Finance in Malawi in 2016 ...................................................................... 3 Malawi: Climate Change Trends and the Policy Framework .................................................. 4 Recent Climate Trends in Malawi............................................................................................... 4 Projections of Future Climate in Malawi .................................................................................... 4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Malawi ....................................................................................... 5 Climate Change Impacts and VulNerability ................................................................................6 Malawi’s Climate Change Policy Framework............................................................................... 7 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Implmentation Progress ......................................... 8 Progress on National Adaptation Plan (NAP) ............................................................................. 8 Key Partner Country’s Bilateral Projects and Programmes .....................................................9 Humanitarian Assistance - Emergency Cash Transfer Programme ...............................................9 Accelerating Uptake of Improved Cook-stoves ..........................................................................9 Enhancing Community Resilience..............................................................................................9 Strengthening Community Disaster Resilience .......................................................................... 10 Balaka Social Cash Transfer ..................................................................................................... 10 Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme .................................................................................. 11 Pilot programme For Sustainable Village Model for biomass utilisation and marketing ................ 11 Agriculture Sector Wide Approach Support Project (ASWAP) ................................................... 11 Promoting Selected Conservation Agriculture Techniques and Sustainable Crop Production Practices in Smallholder Farming Systems ................................................................................. 12 Root and Tuber Crops for Agricultural Transormation in Malawi ............................................... 12 ASPIRE - ENGAGED Achieving Sustainable Poverty Reduction through Increased Inclusive Resilience and Empowerment .................................................................................................. 12 Malawi Seed Industry Development Programme ....................................................................... 13 Case Study: Solar Powered Irrigation Schemes - A Beacon of Hope..................................... 14 MALAWI - MAPPING OF BILATERAL EXPENDITURE 2016 ............................... 15 Irish Aid funding to Civil Society Programme Partners in Malawi ........................................ 17 Annex - Methodology ............................................................................................................. 19 1 COUNTRY CONTEXT Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa of approximately 118,480 square kilometres with a population of over 18 million. Malawi is already suffering from the negative effects of climate change. Extremely high temperatures are occurring more frequently. Precipitation patterns are changing. In the coming decades, rainfall is likely to become more erratic and concentrated into heavy rainfall events that can cause flooding, temperatures will reach the heat threshold of some crops, and extended dry periods will become more common. These changes have major implications for human welfare and threaten to undermine development gains across sectors. Malawi’s vulnerability to climate change is exacerbated by high population growth, rapid deforestation, and widespread soil erosion. The World Bank climate profile of Malawi states that Malawi is particularly prone to adverse climate hazards including dry spells, seasonal droughts, intense rainfall, riverine floods and flash floods. The Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) Index ranks Malawi as the 39th most vulnerable and 21st least ready to adapt to climate change, of the countries it covered for 2015. Country Statistics Population 2016 (est)¹: 18,091,575,00 Income (GNI) per capita²: $340 HDI Rank 2016³: 170 out of 187 countries Vulnerability Rank 2015⁴: 39 out of 187 countries Climate Risk Rank⁵: 80 out of 182 countries Map of Malawi, Irish Aid, 2015 1 http://data.worldbank.org/country/malawi 2 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?end=2015&locations=MW&start=1962&view=chart 3 http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/MWI 4 http://index.gain.org/country/malawi 5 The CRI indicates a level of exposure & vulnerability to extreme events, which countries should understand as warnings in order to be prepared for more frequent and/or more severe events in the future https://germanwatch.org/en/download/16411.pdf 2 Overview of Climate Finance in Malawi in 2016 Bilateral € Civil Society € Climate Finance Adaptation 4,503,819 1,366,982 (UNFCCC) Climate Finance Mitigation 320,000 19,899 (UNFCCC) Climate Finance Cross-cutting 4,166,692 913,827 (UNFCCC) Biodiversity (UNCBD 1,816,692 1,771,224 Desertification (UNCDD) 916,692 1,473,280 Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 8,415,731 N/A Total Climate Finance 8,990,511 2,300,708 Note: Climate Finance, Biodiversity, Desertification and DRR amounts should not be aggregated as some disbursements have multiple co-benefits. A fuller explanation of the marking for climate adaptation, climate mitigation, cross-cutting and co-benefits is set out in the Annex on Methodology. In 2016, Ireland provided a total of €8,990,511 to Malawi in climate finance through its bilateral aid programme. In addition, Ireland provided €2,300,708 in 2016 in climate finance to projects in Malawi through its civil society programme. Climate relevant expenditure provided by Irish Aid to civil society organizations in 2016 was Rio marked and accounted for systematically for the first time, in cooperation with the project partners themselves. Projects funded directly by Irish Aid under the bilateral aid programme include improving the effectiveness of investments in food security and sustainable agriculture, strengthening community resilience through social cash transfer programmes, accelerating the uptake of low emission energy efficient cook stoves, and strengthening community disaster resilience. Civil Society partners Concern, Trócaire, GOAL, Self Help Africa, Misean Cara, and Action Aid are helping to build resilience to climate change through a wide range of projects including increasing food security and livelihood stability for the rural poor, improving population health, increasing smallholder skills and knowledge to benefit from diversified agricultural production, and engaging smallholders in networks and relevant policy processes to improve their livelihoods. More detail is provided on these projects on pages 9 to 18, and the methodology behind these figures is available in the Annex to this report. 3 MALAWI: CLIMATE CHANGE TRENDS AND THE POLICY FRAMEWORK RECENT CLIMATE TRENDS IN MALAWI The average annual temperature in Malawi has increased by 0.9OC from 1960 to 2006 1. Warming has been more rapid in summer. The frequency of hot days and hot nights in all seasons has increased significantly with the average number of hot days and nights per annum having increased by 30 and 41 respectively from 1960 to 2003. Year to year variability in rainfall is quite strong in Malawi and so there are no significantly discernible trends in rainfall patterns. The World Bank climate profile of Malawi states that Malawi is particularly prone to adverse climate hazards including dry spells, seasonal droughts, intense rainfall, ravine floods and flash floods. Droughts and floods have increased in frequency, intensity and magnitude over the past twenty years. Malawi has become increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather, most recently evidenced by the floods in January 2015. Precipitation in January 2015 was four times higher than average, and caused severe flooding in 15 of the 28 districts in Malawi, affecting more than 1.3 million people. The floods not only washed away crops and livestock, but also other natural resources such as soil and fish. The most affected districts were low-lying and on riverbanks in the southern part of the country. Floods and droughts are the leading cause of chronic food insecurity which is endemic in many parts of the country. The World Bank refers to estimates that droughts, on average, cause GDP losses of almost 1% every year with much greater losses for extreme droughts (World Bank, 2014). PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE CLIMATE IN MALAWI According to the World Bank climate profile of Malawi, the average annual temperature in Malawi is projected to increase by 1.1OC to 3.0OC by the 2060s. All projections indicate substantial increases in the frequency of days and nights that are considered