ti : Director's Page

Hi Friends:

Your response to our request to bring the mailing list of OUTDOOR up to date has been almost overwhelming. In addition to the return of the card stapled in the December issue, we received a large number of new requests. It showed that our readers have shared their copies heretofore and it makes us proud and happy to have created something worth- while. We hope the large number of you who are on the mailing list for the first time in January will enjoy your association with our growing Conservation family in Indiana. If the January copy is a little late, you know that it was physically impossible to get the large job done in time. A lot of credit goes to the staff that has been getting the magazine out. Over 500 members of the Conservation Depart- ment staff and their families attended a Christmas Party as guests of Tony Hulman, Jr., our Commission Chair- man, at Forest Park in Terre Haute in December. It gave our staff an opportunity to meet with Governor Welsh and Commission members as well as staff people from all over the state. I would like to extend my thanks to Governor Welsh, Mr. Hulman and the pro- gram committee. The attendance at the party is one indication that the Department of Conservation is, working as a team, one of the good government goals of this administration. Mid-December also saw the holding of the 3rd Governors Conference on Water. Over 300 persons from all over the state attended the all-day session at the World War Memorial in Indian- apolis. After talks by "Matt" Huppoch of the Chief of Engineer's office in Washington, "Red" Males, banker from Oklahoma, and Governor Welsh, five workshops were held with vibrant, spirited dis- cussion. The need and reasons for policies followed in water and natural resource development are much better understood after open and free discussion. I only wish more of you could have been in attendance. Some of the conclusions and recommendations will be outlined in a more complete report in OUTDOOR INDIANA at a later date. Some real progress is being made in Chain-O'-Lakes State Park land acquisition and planned development. Kankakee State Park will be operated as a Public Hunting and Fishing Area with the addition of Baker Ranch. This should be a boost to our many hunters and fishermen in the north- west part of the state. In cooperation with the Division of Mental Health we are doubling the size of Clifty Falls State Park, our third oldest and one of the smallest. We are going to have some things popping down there. In fact, I don't have space to tell you all the things that are going on. In February I will try to bring you up to date with our land and improvement program. One thing I can say - the way it is going now, the Department is going to do more in '64.

Happy New Year

DONALD E. FOLTZ, Director Indiana Department of Conservation OUTDOOR INDIANA INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION

MATTHEW E. WELSH, Governor DONALD E. FOLTZ, Director

Commission: Anton (Tony) Hulman, Jr., Chairman, Terre Haute John A. Hillenbrand II, Batesville The Hon. Paul D. Ewan, Lafayette Wilbur Yates, Vincennes

DIVISIONS AND DIRECTORS

Administrative Assistant-Robert yso~i Forestry--Roert D. Raisch Accounting-Harold B. Smith Geological Survey-John B. Patton Comptroller-Wm. Dean Lacy Oil and Gas-Homer R. Brown Enforcement-Harold D. Raisor Public nformation-Thomas B. March Engineering-Henry C. Prange Purchasing-Anthony E. Sheppard Entomology-John J. Favinger State Parks-Kenneth R. Cougill Fish and Game-Woodrow W. Fleming Water Resources-Charles H. Bechert

Vol. VII, No. 7 January, 1964

CONTENTS

VANDALISM GOES UNDERGROUND . . . . . 2 GLENDALE PROJECT - BIRTH OF A DAM 7 AMERICA'S GREATEST DOUGHBOY ...... 12 THE INDIANA STATE MUSEUM MOVES AHEAD INDIANA STATE FOREST- A 60TH ANNIVERSARY 23 FOX LESSON ...... 29

NEWSOGRAM ...... 30 A CENTURY OF SERVICE ...... 32

Cover illustration of hen and drake buffleheads by Mac Heaton, OUTDOOR INDIANA art director.

THOMAS B. MARCH, Editor Published monthly by the Indiana Department of Conservation, 6th BETTY BENNETT, Associate Editor Floor, State Office Building, Indianapolis, Indiana-46209. Second class mail privileges authorized at Indianapolis, Indiana. Out-of-state MAC HEATON, Art Director subscription rate $2.00. Change of address should be reported promptly. PHILIP VAN BLARICUM, Photographer Permission to reprint any material in this publication may be granted GENEVA CAHILL, Circulation Manager to responsible parties upon written application to the editor. ~unnerumss Photo by G. Le Stourgeon Farmer placed locked metal gate over entrance to Devil's Graveyard Cave in Harrison County to make sure visitors have to ask for permission to enter caves. This is a safeguard against vandalism and undiscovered accidents. VANDALISM goes underground

by GRAHAM LE STOURGEON

EACI WEEKEND, winter and sum- mations, the sheer thrill of explora- mer, a small army of spelunkers in- tion, and the possibility of discover- vades Southern Indiana to visit the ing a virgin cave and its pristine hundreds of "wild" caves to be found beauty. "Wild caves" are so-called in the area. At least 1,000 wild caves because there are no paths, lights, .or are known and more are being dis- guides; spelunkers entering such covered and explored each week as caves must carry their own light, usu- the number of cave-exploring enthusi- ally a carbide lamp attached to a asts continues to expand, but as the hard-hat, and must be prepared to number of cavers grows, so does the crawl, climb, wade, or swim through problem of cave conservation. the cave. Many of Southern Indiana's wild No matter how "wild" or remote a caves are, large and beautiful and cave may seem, most offer evidence of cavers are also attracted by rare for- previous human presence, and, un-

Page 2 * OUTD.OOR INDIANA January, 1964 These impressive formations are examples of the awesome beauty of Indiana's larger caves. Since flash floods often inundate the caverns, inexperienced cavers should not venture into caves without an experienced partner.

January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 3 BEFORE AFTER Photo by Pat Humphrey The large, round formation at bottom left attracted vandals or possibly souvenir hunters enough to destroy it, despite the fact that it has probably taken thousands of years to form. fortunately, this is often in the form something about this problem are of vandalism. Many cave walls are grottos, or chapters, of the National marked by scratched-in names or Speleological Society in Indianapolis, smoked scribbling listing schools, fra- Depauw, Evansville, Chicago, and ternities or sororities, dates, love . Their common motto is, matches, or the hometowns of the "take nothing but pictures, leave vandals. Flashbulbs, cigarette butts, nothing but footprints." Would-be candy wrappers, tin cans, beer bottles, litterbugs are reminded, "if you can and scattered used carbide are all too carry it in, you can carry it out." often evident. The white residue of Some grottos have devoted entire used carbide is not only unsightly, but expeditions to cleaning caves by steel- it is also a killer of rare cave life such brushing cave walls to remove as blind fish and blind crawfish. smoked writings and by collecting The most disheartening sight is and removing bottles, cans, paper, and broken formations. In some caves, other trash left by thoughtless cavers. stalactites, stalagmites, helictites, and There are many individual cavers other speleothems (rock formations in who do not belong to organizations caves) have actually been mined to and novices often do not realize the provide specimens for rockhounds or amount of traffic through Indiana souvenirs for tourists. The formations caves. Registers left in caves reveal lose their luster when taken from the that some have over 100 visitors a damp cave atmosphere, but fortu- month. Novices may feel that leaving, nately, their is no longer a commer- a bit of trash will not be noticed, but cial demand for the rocks. Although, they are wrong. "Every litter bit of course, they cannot be replaced, hurts." the destruction continues, usually at Cave owners can do much to pro- the hands of inexperienced cavers. tect their own caves. Some owners are Among groups attempting to do entirely indifferent and do not mind

Page 4 * OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 BEFORE AFTER Photo by Pat Humphrey Experienced spelunkers like these quite often photograph and survey the caves. In this case, photographs were taken before and after vandals did their damage.

Photo by Pat Humphrey Blind fish such as these are a rarity in caves and should be protected to preserve them from extinction. cavers being on their property and cave mouths, owners who demand going into their caves without asking that permission be asked find that permission. On the other hand, some when cavers are identified, vandalism owners have installed locked, metal ceases. gates over cave entrances and require Many farmers and other cave own- spelunkers to ask permission for en- ers do not realize the wonders that trance and to get a key to the lock. exist under their lands, because they Even without locked metal gates over have never been in their own caves. January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 5 Photo by G. Le Stourgeon Looking like a sculptured waterfall, this formation is a rimstone dam in Boone's Mill Cave, Harrison County. Some spelunkers are attempting to Some owners do much damage to show landowners their caves, either their own caves, especially those with by inviting them on expeditions or by sink-hole entrances, which are often sending back pictures taken within used as trash dumps, sometimes clog- their cave. ging cave entrances. Even those sinks with no apparent entrance into a cave undoubtedly drain into underground channels and caves. Trash, garbage, and dead animals dumped into the sinks will pollute cave waters and even the landowner's own water sup- ply! As the state's population increases and puts more and more demand on Indiana's recreational facilities, the importance of clean, unvandalized caves will increase. Since cavers spend large amounts of money for special clothing, equipment, food, transportation and lodging, Indiana caves are valuable assets, both finan- cially and aesthetically. Because they Photo by G. Le Stourgeon cannot be replaced, special care must The size of the spelunker at the upper right indi- cates the dimensions of Boone's Mill Cave, Har- be taken to preserve their wild and rison County. unspoiled beauty. A

Page 6 • OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 Course of Mud Creek in the Glendale State Fish and Game Area, north of White River in Daviess County. Twenty-one feet of the total 44 feet of earth-fill dam are in place. Dashed line shows the future lake shore.

GLENDALE PROJECT BIRTH OF A DAM

by CHARLES B. PRESTON Assistant Chief Engineer

THE DAM now being constructed at design and construction but no longer the Glendale State Fish and Game doubts the ultimate success. Area in Daviess County, about eleven The importance of a 1300-acre lake miles south-east of Washington, Indi- in the south-west part of the state has ana, has been raised from the clay of never been doubted. Glendale seems the surrounding hills with speed and almost ideal in location and the cost smoothness that belie the turbulent of construction in comparison to the ups and downs of the planning and benefits has a more than favorable design behind it. The stability of this balance. With this much in favor of site has always been in doubt and the site and the surrounding area, it is even today the Engineering Division to be expected that the Chisholm ef- has some misgivings about the type of fect should appear (Chisholm effect: January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 7 "A quiet surface hides trouble that is operation and holes were drilled and sure to appear sooner or later from samples of undisturbed material from below"). beneath the surface were rushed to the The drill- The site of the dam was first inves- laboratory at South Bend. tigated in 1959 by Denzil Doggett of ing took several weeks. the Water Resources Division. This After the analysis of the foundation first report did not include any sub- had been completed, the welcome surface investigation and the National news came from South Bend that the Wildlife Service (now re-named Bu- site was feasible and only required reau of Wildlife and Sports Fisheries) reasonable safeguards during con- immediately requested that sub-sur- struction. The Land Acquisition Di- face test holes be drilled in the area of vision which had been marking time the proposed dam construction. The during the investigation went into full first test holes were made with a hand swing and architectural plans for the auger and although the extent of these dam were started. holes was inadequate (hand augers This final burst of enthusiasm was only reach depths of about 12 feet), somewhat dampened when it became the logs revealed information which obvious that some time was going to led to one of the most interesting en- elapse before all of the key lands gineering investigations of the soil could be acquired due to resistance mechanics of a dam site in which I shown by land-owners to give up have ever participated. farms and homes in the interest of The evidence shown by these logs progress. This condition was to delay and samples consisted of lacustrine construction almost seven years. clay, which in ordinary language When the present administration means lake bed silt. This silt was pro- came into office, one of the first acts duced by a lake back in the past ages was to change the policy on land ac- when this valley was covered by water quisition which had held up major and contains about 60 % silt of grain projects all over the state. The de- sizes comparable to Portland Cement. cision to start condemnation suits was When wet, this becomes very un- acted upon vigorously and by the stable and slippery reminiscent of spring of 1963 enough key tracts were tooth paste. When pressure is applied acquired to allow setting of the con- to a mass of this clay, the reaction is struction date for mid-summer. In the similar to that of squeezing a tube of meantime, since the spring of 1962, the toothpaste. Engineering Division had been pre- final detailed plans and specifi- Once this fact was definitely estab- paring which were sent to the various lished, it was decided to employ a cations for approval or soil mechanics consultant. Several interested agencies By May 1963, all details were people in this profession were con- change. completed and approved. The plans sidered. Finally, after serious con- ready for contractors to sideration, Indiana's Professor Leroy were finally 1963. Graves of Notre Dame University was look over on May 17, selected to serve as consultant. The There is always some excitement at- Mobile Drilling Company of Indian- tending a bid opening, and June 4, apolis was placed under contract to 1963, was no exception. The low bid- make the test holes and to core into der among eight competitors was rock, wherever the rock was encount- Olinger Construction Co., of Hunt- ered. Professor Graves directed this ingburg, Indiana. With long experi- Page 8 * OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 ence in moving and handling dirt, this which does not exceed the length of firm came to the job well equipped the feet on the "sheepsfoot" rollers. and started clearing the dam site July A sheepsfoot roller is something 1, 1963. On July 10th ground break- more than a heavy cylindrical weight, ing ceremonies were held with an un- mashing the earth flat. These strange expected crowd of about 300 people in looking rollers are heavy metal cylin- attendance, along with many digni- ders to which "feet" or pegs have been taries, as well as the actual workers attached. When the cylinder is towed and promoters. behind sufficient power, the action of After the ground breaking cere- the "feet" is very similar to the action mony, construction began in earnest of a herd of sheep being driven back Earth dams are built by bringing in and forth across the freshly spread material (preferably clay) from a se- loose earth. This was exactly how this lected area known as a "borrow pit." form of smooth, even compaction was When this material is placed properly discovered. In the early days of dam in the structure, the load is dumped, building herds of sheep were driven spread and compacted. Of these three back and forth across embankments operations, compacting (sometimes until the desired compaction was ob- called "rolling") is the most impor- tained. The sheepsfoot roller devel- tant. When earth is properly com- oped from the above described pacted the material arrives at the method is a very flexible machine and construction from the borrow pit at can be adapted for various types of the "optimum moisture content" and soils by varying the weight per sq. in. is spread out in a layer of a thickness exerted by the feet. This is done by

Sheepsfoot roller now compacts freshly spread clay. A flock of sheep driven across new fills used to do this work. January, 1964 'OUTDOOR INDIANA " Page 9 changing the ainount of water inside the cylinder or by changing the size and spacing of the feet. Since most contractors usually keep working close to some particular area, usually only one type of machine is necessary. Other types of compaction equipment have been developed, but on the Glen- dale site a sheepsfoot roller is being used. The next most important factor in getting a "tight" embankment is the condition of the material being used.

Workmen adjust the casing for a settlement plat- form. The small pipe is used to measure the settlement directly from the platform (12" square metal plate) which was placed on the original ground surface. The casing is not attached to the platform and serves only as a sleeve to keep the embankment from interfering with the movement of the small pipe.

This photograph shows the relative positions of settlement platforms along the centerline of the dam; two more, one on each side of the center- line, do not show in the photograph. Coffee cans served as temporary caps and were later re- placed by threaded pipe caps. Page 10 - OUTDOOR INDIANA Most earth in Southern Indiana con- were driven six feet into the ground sists mainly of clay with some sand or along each edge of the main embank- gravel running through the borrow ment, with about two and a half feet pits in irregular strata. This lies above of pipe above surface. The movement the rock formations in varying depths (if any) of these pipes from the and except for some silt deposits, plumb position was measured with a there is usually no problem concern- hand level. A series of iron plates with ing the kind of material. Good em- a small diameter pipe welded to them bankment material should contain were set on the original bedding plane about 20 to 40 percent sand with some of .the dam. So that embankment con- gravel, and about 50 to 70 percent struction could proceed without dis- clay, but the amount of water con- turbing the iron plate or platform, a tained in this material is of great im- larger size casing was placed around portance when the compaction is com- the smaller pipe. By this method, a pleted. The water content at which series of measurements are being the greatest density (compaction) of made at regular intervals to determine the material can be obtained is de- the settlement of the original ground termined by testing samples in the surface under the loading of the new laboratory and is called the "optimum embankment. water content." The actual density Under Professor Graves' and water content of the compacted plan, when the first embankment loading on the embankment can be determined in the foundation reached a height of 17 field in a very practical manner and feet, all construction on the embank- to supervise this at Glendale, a project ment was to stop for a period of engineer was employed right from the about one year. During start of construction to direct the con- this period, in which we are now, all measure- tractor in matters of line and grade, ments of movements shown on the specifications, and to set up all the devices just described will be con- quality controls. Since this is more tinued and studied by than one man can handle, several Professor Graves. In addition, helpers were employed to make all two specially constructed work controls effective. wells have been added and the variation of hydrostatic heads As the Olinger equipment, big dou- within the lacustrine strata can ble engined scoops, bulldozers, sheeps- be measured. This data will also be foot rollers, etc., swung into full cycles used to determine the of repeated action, earthen embank- actual time lapse necessary for the consolidation and ment began to rise above the valley stabilization of the strata of lacus- floor and once more doubt arose trine clay. about the lacustrine strata in the foundation. Up to the time of this writing there Professor Graves was again con- is no indication that any unfavorable tacted and agreed to direct the tests reaction will occur, but the worst con- and observation of the measurements ditions have not been encountered yet, to be made during the construction and the date for completion of the to determine the effect of the loading construction remains uncertain, which of this large quantity of earth upon is to be expected in a project of such the lacustrine strata. The method he magnitude. proposed was very interesting even to However, there is absolutely no un- the lay man. certainty about the eventual success A series of pipes about 50 feet apart of the Glendale dam. A January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 11 AMERICA'S GREATEST DOUGHBOY

by ARVILLE L. FUNK

SERGEANT SAMUEL WOODFILL

WHEN General John Pershing was Sam worked hard on the Woodfill asked in 1921 to name the outstand- farm, but in addition to the hard farm ing American soldier of the first chores, he also learned to hunt and World War, he astounded his audi- fish just like any Indiana farm boy of ence by passing over Sergeant Alvin that period. His father, John Samuel York, Major Charles Whittlesey of Woodfill, had served in the Mexican Lost Battalion fame and even Cap- War with the Fifth Indiana Infantry, tain Eddie Rickenbacker. Instead, he being promoted to sergeant for his named a little-known Indiana farm- services in Mexico in 1848. When the boy, Lieutenant Samuel Woodfill. To- Civil War erupted, John Woodfill day, the heroic feats of Sam Woodfill marched off to war as a captain in in are all but forgotten the 55th Indiana Regiment. His by most citizens of the Hoosier state. father's military service undoubtedly This "greatest American doughboy" helped Sam to decide that his own was a native of the little rural com- future lay in a military career. munity of Belleview, just north of When Sam reached his 18th year Madison in Jefferson County. Here in 1901, he decided that the time had on a typical Indiana farm, Sam come to leave the family home and Woodfill was born in January of 1883 seek adventure with the Page 12 * OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 Army. He was soon sent to the Phil- driving the German Army out of the ippines where he spent his first-three great Argonne Forest. On September year enlistment. He returned to the 26th of that year, the A. E. F. went United States in 1904 and immedi- "over the top" to begin the bloody ately re-enlisted for service in . engagement that became known as Sam was stationed in Alaska for the Battle of the Argonne. eight years and became known as one On the morning of October 12, 1918, of the best "big-game" hunters in that First Lieutenant Sam Woodfill was territory. As an example of his hunt- dug in with his company near the ing skill, Sam killed two large Polar little French town of Cunel, between bears and one giant Brown Bear on a the Argonne Forest and the single day, a feat that brought him River. Just after dawn on that day, national attention among sportsmen. Lt. Woodfill, with part of his com- Woodfill returned to the United pany and a detachment of the 14th States, but after a few short months Machine Gun Battalion was ordered he was sent with the "Punitive Expe- over the top to drive the Germans out dition" of American troops to defeat of several machine gun positions Pancho Villa down on the Mexican which were holding up the advance of border. He was still stationed on the the American troops. border when the United States en- On that morning, Sam Woodfill be- tered the war against Germany in came "America's Greatest Dough- 1917. Regular Army soldiers, such as boy." Woodfill, were soon sent to train the When the American troops finally newly inducted draftees that came reached the German positions, they flowing into American training camps. found that Sam Woodfill, by himself, Woodfill, who held the Regular Army had silenced the three enemy machine rank of sergeant, was sent to an offi- guns, killing all of the defenders ex- cers' training camp and commissioned cept three, which he was holding as as a second lieutenant. Anxious to be prisoners. To give a complete account relieved from the duty of training the of Lt. Woodfill's actions, his official new "doughboys," Lieutenant Wood- citation for the Congressional Medal fill finally succeeded in getting trans- of Honor, our nation's highest award, ferred to the 60th Infantry Regiment is reprinted elsewhere in the article. of the Fifth Division. Within a few This official citation appeared in Gen- weeks, he and his division were on eral Orders No. 16, from the War De- their way overseas to join the French partment in 1919. In addition to the and British Allies. , Lt. Woodfill was Woodfill was promoted to the tern awarded the Purple Heart for wounds porary rank of first lieutenant in suffered that day, the Legion of March of 1918, serving as executive Honor and the from officer of Company M of the 60th , the Croce di Guerra from Infantry. In the summer of 1918, Italy, and the Order of Prince Danilo Woodfill and the 60th Infantry en- from Montenegro. tered in the first great battle in which Testifying to Woodfill's modesty is American troops were engaged, the the fact that he did not even tell his Battle of St. Mihiel. With the experi- company that he was going to receive ence gained at St. Mihiel, the Ameri- the Medal of Honor when he was can troops under Pershing were now ordered to Chaumont for presentation ready for their biggest test, the job of of the award. He just requested three January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 13 In recognition of his valor during World War I, Sergeant Samuel Woodfill was decorated by a delegation of the Polish Army during the 11th annual convention of the in 1929. days' leave and it was not until he re- Woodfill, exclaiming that he had al- turned that the company knew he had ways considered Woodfill as "Amer- received the highest honor that an ica's Greatest Doughboy" in the American soldier can receive from his World War. Woodfill along with Sgt. country. was present on Novem- Woodfill remained overseas until ber 11, 1921, when the Unknown July of 1919, in the meantime being Soldier of World War I was buried in promoted to the temporary grade of the famous tomb at Arlington. captain. However, upon his return to Twenty-seven years later, Samuel the United States and his discharge, Woodfill was named as pallbearer for he re-enlisted with his old Regular his old commander, General John Army rank of sergeant. Pershing when he was laid to rest at In the summer of 1921, the United Arlington. States made arrangements to bring In 1922, Woodfill retired from the back the body of one of the unknown Army as a master sergeant and dead to be enshrined at the tomb in moved to Fort Thomas, , Arlington National Cemetery. On this where he lived with his wife, Lorena occasion, when General Pershing was Wiltshire, on a small farm. The nation asked to name pallbearers for the Un- forgot about Sam Woodfill for many known Soldier, he named Samuel years, and then on December 7, 1941, Page 14 - OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 the United States found itself in an- day before. other World War. The old "dough- The body of the old soldier was boy," now 58 years of age, volun- buried in the little cemetery at He- teered for active duty. His offer was bron in Jefferson County, and the accepted, and he was commissioned grave was soon forgotten. However, a major and immediately recalled to in 1955, the weed-covered grave was duty at , . How- rediscovered by a newspaper reporter, ever, since he was too old to- go over- and when the Woodfill story was once seas and fight as an infantryman, he again told to the public, Arlington was stationed at several camps here in National Cemetery requested that his the United States, to train and inspire body be moved to a place of honor in the young officers being commissioned that hallowed ground in the nation's as "ninety-day wonders." capital. At the end of World War II, Major Finally on October 15, 1955, the Woodfill again returned to civilian remains of the great hero of World life, and .since his wife had died dur- War I arrived at Washington. They ing the war, he returned to Vevay, were re-interred at Arlington, along Indiana, near the Hoosier area where with the old soldier's comrades, and he was born and raised. He lived for near the Tomb of the Unknown Sol- several years at Vevay, doing work as dier, the site where Woodfill had a handy-man and engaging in a little spent some of his proudest moments, farming. Finally, in August of 1951, back on November 11, 1921. the neighbors realized that they had Today, Indiana has again forgot- not seen Woodfill for several days. ten about Samuel Woodfill, but in They informed the sheriff, who in- the annals of the , vestigated and found that the old he will always be remembered as one "doughboy" had passed away peace- of the greatest soldiers that ever wore fully, probably of a heart attack the the uniform of that organization.

CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR: CAPTAIN SAMUEL WOODFILL, 60th Infantry, 5th Division

General Orders No. 16, War Department, 1919: At Cunel, France, October 12, 1918. When he was leading his company against the enemy, his line came under heavy machine-gun fire, which threatened to hold up the advance. Followed by two soldiers at twenty-five yards, this officer went out ahead of his first line toward a machine-gun nest and worked his way toward its flank, leaving the two soldiers in front. When he got within ten yards of the gun it ceased firing, and four of the enemy appeared, three of whom were shot by (then Lieutenant) Woodfill. The fourth, an officer rushed at Lieutenant Woodfill, who attempted to club the officer with his rifle. After a hand-to-hand struggle, Lieutenant Woodfill killed the officer with his pistol. His company thereupon continued to advance, until shortly afterwards another machine-gun nest was en- countered. Calling on his men to follow, Lieutenant Woodfill rushed ahead of his line in the face of heavy fire from the nest, and when several of the enemy appeared above the nest he shot them, capturing three other mem- bers of the crew and silencing the gun. A few minutes later this officer for the third time demonstrated conspicuous daring by charging another machine-gun position, killing five men in one machine-gun pit with his rifle. He then drew his revolver and started to jump into the pit, when two other gunners only a few yards away turned their gun on him. Failing to kill them with his revolver, he grabbed a pick lying near by and killed both of them. Inspired by the exceptional courage displayed by this officer, his men pressed on to their objective under severe shell and machine-gun fire.

January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 15 The IndianaStat(

Formerly the Indianapolis City Hall, this building in downtown Indianapolis, is the new home of the Indiana State Museum.

Page 16 • OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 19 seum Moves Ahead

by ROBERT D. STARRETT State Museum Curator

THE LEASE which turns the old In- dianapolis City Hall over to the state for renovation and subsequent use as a modern Indiana State Museum was signed by Governor Matthew E. Welsh, November 13, 1963. This is another progressive step in a pro- gram which has been alternately ac- tive and inactive since 1946. Indianapolis City Hall, located at Ohio and Alabama Streets, is a 50- year old structure of Indiana Bedford limestone and was vacated when the administrative offices of Indianapolis and Marion County were consoli- dated in the new City-County Build- ing in 1961. For those of you inter- ested in the type of building, the structure is considered a modern adaptation of the classic Greek Ionic and is substantially built in a man- ner which will not require too much change during the renovation period. Of course, it will be necessary to re- move some temporary partitions, but we hope to preserve the building much as it is as a monument in itself. It would not be fitting to change the building too much, since it has an im- pressive appearance and will be further enhanced when it is renovated and cleaned, both inside and out. It would be well to recount some- thing of the background of the State January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 17 museum movement in Indiana since was moved to the campus of Indiana it has a long and glowing history University at Bloomington, the ad- which dates back prior to the Civil ministration of the State museum was War. In fact, impetus was given to transferred to the Division of State the original State museum, housed in Parks. About this time, the adminis- the first State House (which was tration, with the approval of the Gov- razed in the 1870's), through the ernor, authorized an application for gathering of souvenirs brought back obtaining Federal funds from the Bu- by the Indiana troops who fought in reau of Community Facilities to un- the Civil War. dertake planning studies for a new Ultimately, the State museum came structure. From 1946 to 1948, infor- under the care of the State Geologist mation was assembled and plans com- and thus into the Department of Con- pleted for a proposed structure at the servation in 1919. For years, the col- northwest corner of Ohio and Senate lections of the museum were dis- Streets on the site of the former Dea- played on the third floor of the State coness Hospital. Like many good House, but finally were moved to plans, they were subject to change room 151 in the basement of the State and funds were not provided for the House in 1919. As office space grew erection of a building. Originally, it scarcer for State agencies, the mu- was planned for a combination struc- seum was "bounced" and took up ture to house this department and the quarters in the basement corridors. In State museum, but again, time and 1960, it was "bounced" completely out developments made changes neces- of the State House into storage at a sary. State warehouse. Here the age-old With the planning of the new State story was repeated - boxes appeared Office Building, it was determined to have been opened by unauthorized that divisions of the department persons and objects disappeared. This would be housed in this new struc- was the history, unfortunately, of the and it would no longer be neces- collections of the State museum dur- ture, sary to consider a separate building ing its many "moves" from room to for this department and the State mu- room and corridor to corridor. seum. Finally, in 1960-61, the present quar- ters (room 151, State House) were Even though many changes were made available, so after 40 years made in plans and subsequent pro- (1919-1960), the museum "came posals for a State museum, the idea home to roost." The room was re- did not die completely, since the Gen- furbished, cases painted, exhibits pre- eral Assembly discussed proposed pared - and the crowds came as an- bills to provide funds for a new State ticipated. Attendance varies from 100 museum structure. Ultimately, how- a day during normal times to over ever, the proposals did not result in 900 a day during school visits to the making funds available for the con- a General Assembly. The museum has struction of a separate building for demonstrated its needs for a place in the State museum. Through all these which to grow and serve the public years of study and hesitation, we con- more effectively. tinued to assemble information about During the past 18 years, the hopes a modern, active museum, and it is and plans for a new State museum planned to utilize this information in were furthered by this department. In the renovation of old City Hall. 1945 when the Division of Geology In June, 1962, Director Donald E. Page 18 • OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 \ Apparently pleased after a brief tour of the building are, from left, Governor Matthew E. Welsh; Wilbur Yates, member of the Conservation Commission; Anton Hulman, Jr., chairman of the Conservation Commission; Kurt Pantzer, Indianapolis attorney; Donald E. Foltz, director of Conservation; Robert D. Starrett, Indiana State Museum curator; Attorney Jack Kammins, president, Marion County Historical Society, and Hubert H. Hawkins, director of the Indiana Historical Bureau. Foltz received the approval of Gov- nominal increase in the cigarette tax, ernor Matthew E. Welsh to resume /4 of 1¢ was designated for the Indi- planning on a revitalized State mu- ana Department of Conservation to seum 'project, this time considering be used as determined by the Direc- the possibility of remodeling the In- tor. Funds will be allotted from this dianapolis City Hall. Preliminary dis- revenue tax to renovate and develop cussions were held with Mayor Al- the State museum. bert Losche, members of City Coun- First of all, in our planning of mod- cil, Indiana Department of Conserva- ern museum exhibits, we will utilize tion personnel, and interested citizens. much of the material which is already Subsequently, a limited sum was au- on hand at the State museum. We thorized by the Governor and the plan to have exhibits which will use State Budget Agency for preliminary objects, labels, photographs, and architectural studies of the vacated various types of illustrations to inter- City Hall. In November, 1962, the pret the story of Indiana. We will architectural firm of Edward James' utilize what is available and then Associates, Indianapolis, was engaged begin to seek new materials. to make preliminary studies, and The Indiana State museum should their report was presented to this de- preserve, exhibit and interpret the partment on January 2, 1963. natural history of this State, insofar With the passage in 1963 of the as it can be moved indoors. Also, we January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 19 Curator Robert D. Starrett discusses the project, remodeling plans and the anticipated date of opening. He said that part of the museum might be opened within a year, but full comple- tion of the project will take longer. plan to preserve, exhibit and interpret and ultimate consultation and infor- the social or cultural history of this mation service. This service should be State as represented in articles, docu- available at the museum and possibly ments, souvenirs and effects of those throughout the state in order to make who have lived in Indiana. the museum a state-wide institution. We hope to create interest in the We hope to establish a circulating "li- natural history and social history of brary" of objects much as is done this state through many avenues of with books in a regular library; this services, such as circulating exhibits would be known as a school or lend- Page 20 * OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 j Listening attentively to the Indiana State Mu- seum proposal are, from left, Eli Lilly, Jr.; Anton Hulman, Jr., and Judge Curtis G. Shake, Vin- cennes.

ing service. its collections, which must 'be prop- A museum should no longer be con- erly cared for if they are to be of use. sidered a storehouse for objects; nor Basically then, the museum must be should it be required to accommodate prepared to collect, preserve, research, materials and objects of any kind and exhibit and explain its collections. any sort. It should reserve the right We had best insert a word of cau- to accept whatever objects fit best tion about our program of securing into its scheme of operation or pur- additional exhibit material. Since we poses. The materials, if accepted, are in the preliminary stages of plan- should be culled and only the best ning, and actual renovation of the retained. Some of it can then be util- building is months away, we will be ized in circulating exhibits if we are unable to accept anything for possibly to serve the schools and other agen- a year and we do not want to give cies as. intended. the impression that we are now ready Museum exhibits today are not cre- to accept collections or individual ated to display the extensive or ex- items, because it is best not to accept pensive collections of private collec- them until we are able to care for tors; rather they should be created for them properly. The lack of good mu- what they might teach or explain. seum storage has made it necessary The museum and its exhibits should for us to decline collections previ- not necessarily become a depository ously. This policy has had its dis- for items donated by those who have advantages, since many valuable col- the collecting instinct. It should, how- lections were offered to other mu- ever, take advantage of these collec- seums, some of them in other states. tions and weave them into exhibits But in the long run, we think it would which will create an interest and an not be fair to accept something that appreciation of the past and its im- cannot be adequately used or ex- portance to the present. hibited. The purpose of a State museum is We are currently working on a pro- education, but before this can be gram to employ qualified personnel done, the museum must first assemble and it will take some time to locate January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 21 C Donald E. Foltz, director of the Department of Conservation, hands Indianapolis Mayor Albert H. Losche a one-dollar bill for the first year's rent of the Indianapolis City Hall. Governor Welsh looks on. interested and qualified individuals To review our program and plans, and to screen them according to our the basic functions of a State museum requirements. We plan to encourage are educational and recreational. The applications from people who are modern museum caters to the casual really qualified to design and prepare visitor, school children, college stu- modern, interpretive museum ex- dents, adults of all ages, committees, hibits. During the period that the hobbyists, state agencies, etc. In fact, architect and contractors are busy in a facetious mood, I have said that renovating the structure, staff person- people go to museums for their own nel will be engaged in planning and "amusement or amazement." preparing the type of exhibits which The opportunity to make the State are currently popular in the more museum grow is a challenge which progressive museums in the United has been presented by the leasing of States. A day spent in museums such old City Hall to the state by the City as the Illinois State Museum, the Chi- of Indianapolis. In 1948, an adequate cago Natural History Museum, and structure for a State museum was es- other similar institutions will enable timated to cost over 3V, million dol- our readers to see the type of ex- lars. We have now obtained a fitting hibits we plan to construct here. All home for the museum for a fraction these things require time and funds, of this estimate, and are at the same and we shall work on them to the best time preserving a historic structure of our ability. that should not be destroyed. A Page 22 - OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 INDIANA STATE FORESTS

6041%t

by ROBERT RAISCH State Forester

THE Indiana state forest system had Clark County State Forest, this tract its birth in the "dark ages" of forestry, was set aside to serve as a "public at a time when Teddy Roosevelt and area for forestry research and demon- Gifford Pinchot were seeking to gain stration." It was later to become the recognition for our present U. S. For- site of the first Purdue Forestry Sum- est Service. The year was 1903 when mer Camp. the first State Board of Forestry se- From this early and rather modest cured legislation to purchase 2,000 beginning, Clark Forest has grown in acres of land for the establishment of size and complexity, along with the a State Forest Reservation in the rug- state forest system which today in- ged knob country of Clark County, cludes 13 forests in 20 counties, com- near Jeffersonville. Known as the prising a total of 123,000 acres. January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 23 Growth and development have been slow and at times static, but they have generally paralleled national progress. The first 30 years were largely devoted to protection and ex- perimentation. In 1925, the acquisi- tion program received a boost with the passage of the first forestry mill tax levy. State Senator Oliver P. La- fuze championed this act in support of State Forester Deam's battle to secure public recognition for an expanded state forestry program. In that same year we find recorded the purchase of 557 acres as an addition to the state forests. The Lafuze Act, with later amendments, permitted the expansion of state forests in the late 20's, and set the stage for major accomplish- ments in the 30's. By 1932, Indiana's state forests had increased to five, with a total of 25,000 acres. The advent of the CCC program. in 1933 made possible re- forestation, timber stand improve- ment, logging on state forests at an unprecedented rate, and ushered in a new era in the management of these lands. This pioneering use of public works labor also was responsible for the first large-scale development of recreational facilities, most of which are still in use today. During this period preliminary sur- veys were also initiated for establish- ment of forest management plans. Ex- cept for the war years (1941-46) state forest growth and management ex- perienced a 20-year period of steady progress and intensive management. However, these efforts were sti! largely oriented to the traditional management for timber production. It was not until the late 50's that for- esters, and land managers in general, gave real recognition to a new con-

This is a view from the Clark State Forest fire tower, looking south.

Page 24 * OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 25 cept of multiple use management. construction and buildings needed to State forests today are managed to meet present-day obligations. Water provide a maximum of both goods hole construction and other wildlife and services on a lasting basis, for all habitat improvement projects are now people. Watershed management, wild- in progress to increase production of life production, and recreational oper- forest game species, including the ations share a place with timber pro- deer, turkey, grouse, and squirrel. duction in all planning and opera- This work will have lasting benefit tions. Greater emphasis is also being for the harried hunter who finds it in- placed on a professional approach to creasingly difficult to find a place on the management of state forests. private property. Graduate foresters are being em- ployed to guide a complete program Hunting is just one of many out- for each property. Management plans door recreational pursuits enjoyed in are being up-dated and timber stand state forests. A phenomenal increase improvement plans and cutting budg- in public demand for outdoor recrea- ets are being implemented to achieve tion facilities is causing a quiet revo- management goals. lution among public and private agen- During the past year timber sales cies trying to meet this need. State doubled, reaching a high of $52,000. forests are no exception. Here every Total income from the forests ap- effort is being made to provide ex- proached $100,000 in 1962-63. Al- tensive facilities in a broad range of though this is far short of the poten- outdoor activities. In keeping with tial productivity for these lands, such state forest philosophy, these gener- sales mean ringing cash registers in ally are simple and inexpensive forms which appeal to the ma- Indiana communities. The harvesting, of recreation processing, transportation and sale of jority of people. Picnicking, primitive these products pumped nearly a mil- camping, hiking, hunting, fishing, and lion dollars of added income into the boating are available at nearly all local economy. In addition, counties forests. which contain state forest land re- Another, and perhaps the most im- ceived a direct payment of 15% of portant use of state land, has come sales receipts under state law. into being as a result of Governor These state forest timber sales and Welsh's emphasis on our youth. the resources on which they are based Youth Camp for first offenders froi serve as a stabilizing influence for our the Boys' School at Plainfield was forest industries, which employ some established at Clark State Forest in 26,000 workers, and yield over 100 1961. The joint endeavor with the De million dollars in manufactured partment of Correction is a monu- goods. Moreover, these figures do not mental effort to rehabilitate not onl include the income to communities our physical but also our human re resulting from forest recreation and sources. These boys carry out usef tourism. forest improvement projects, but th, With last year's passage of Presi- really valuable accomplishment com dent Kennedy's Accelerated Public in the form of the lasting impressio Works program, new funds are avail- created by the camp experience, and able to rehabilitate forest facilities for the fortunate few who have the benefi the first time in many years. These of this training return to society beti are being put to good use in fire lane ter for the experience. The pilot Page 26 * OUTDOOR INDIANA January, 196 Boys from the youth camp at Clark State Forest cutting pine trees for posts and poles. The boys also construct fire lanes and help suppress forest fires such as the one in the picture below.

...... r: wr M. This shelter house at Salamonie River State Forest is typical of such structures in all state parks. Youth Conservation Camp just com- and shifting needs. Recreation activi- pleted at Harrison State Forest is a ties, for example, are already taxing related effort to provide a work-train- physical facilities and department ing program for unemployed youth budgets; zoning will be necessary in now roaming the streets of Indiana order to expand multiple uses with- communities. This 60-day pilot pro- out conflict; new concepts in fee sys- gram was designed to serve as a fore- tems and charges will evolve as a runner for a national effort proposed result of the increasing burden on in the President's bill for a National public funds. Water requirements, Youth Conservation Corps. both industrial and recreational, will With the alarming increase in crime focus greater emphasis on manipula- rates, these forest-related youth pro- tion of forest watersheds. grams are destined to become an in- These, and many other problems, creasingly important forest activity. old and new, require state and com- These and other problems already evi- munity forest planning of the highest dent in our changing community pre- order. Public areas which provide sent a serious challenge to administra- multiple use benefits for all citizens 'ors. The direct and indirect effects will become cherished possessions as -f population changes will require the struggle for space becomes more skillful planning to meet the growing intense. A January, 1964 Page 28 * OUTDOOR INDIANA Fox Lesson

by JOHN MADSON Conservation Department Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation

W HENEVER you become too pride- ciently. It would comb a weedpatch ful of your gun dogs and brag over- or meadow with infinite thoroughness. much, consider the fox. Your trained It would jump on the tops of brush hunting dog is a marvel. But a hunt- piles to flush hiding rabbits, and ing fox, just doing what comes natch- seemed to know exactly where rabbits erly, can make a field trial champ would flush. It caught these rabbits look like a hamster. easily, and the doomed cottontails Charles Schwartz, the famous artist- rarely struggled. biologist-moviemaker of the Mis- At an interesting tree, the fox souri Conservation Commission, once would not simply sniff the trunk - it owned a gray fox that he had raised would climb the tree and investigate from puppyhood. The fox shared the each major limb. In the field it would Schwartz home with Charley's family cast and range with great speed and and hunting dogs for two uproarious agility. Or, it might just poke along. years. Either way, with almost electronic Although Charley never actually precision, the fox would catalog every shot over his fox, he frequently took grasshopper, log, burrow, rabbit, frog the animal afield with his retrievers and mouse along its route. This was and bird dogs, and had the rare done while the dogs were slogging chance of watching them range and along at a third the pace. hunt together. Dogs and fox got along That fox had not been trained by well; there was no love lost, but they a wild mother. Its field experience was seemed to tolerate and respect each quite limited. By fox standards it was other as fellow hunters. probably ignorant, but as a hunter it The fox was constantly doing things easily outclassed some fine gun dogs that Schwartz found unusual - prob- and an expert hunter. In Charley's ably because Charley has been so words, it was "tremendously effi- well-trained by his dogs. But al- cient." though the fox often did things that does all this prove? Charley could not account for, these What things were parts of a thorough hunt- Simply that we humans and our ing pattern that always produced registered dogs may not be the red- food. The fox did about everything hot hunters we think we are. An un- afield that a good gun dog would do, schooled fox may still wipe our eyes but did it far faster and more effi- with instinct alone. January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 29 indicate that both archery and ite successful. The total kill Ly be close to 5,000 as compare

released on the Brown County mental release in hopes that par] a thrill of seeing these large. the park property. turkey from Missouri were relea november and December as part of repopulate our forest land wit] rts have been received in the turkey flocks which were a resu: the Game Research Section. an said about the reportedly 641 at) that was killed in Montgome: research biologist, Rex Hamiltoi ed that the buck could not even ;ht. It is, of course, unfortun cut up and widely distributed Certain measurements, howeve: large deer but within the range eer weighs between 100 and 300 withers of 42 inches and a skul rches. The Montgomery County ement of 39 inches and a skull ese lengths are too close to th, have it weigh as much as r evidence comes forth, the e considers the issue closed. sick rabbits have been receive, and Game. Most of these report: e of tape worms or similar port, however, was received fri ollowed up by Herald Demaree, it appears to be based on more men was taken to Purdue Univers: sion is still waiting for the

Forestry on of the Department of Conser- e program of improving Indiana' was stepped-up this month with Service Forestry Projects. Dis. ened at Rochester with Forester at Scottsburg, Larry Frye is avid Arkwright will manage the ith the addition of these three

" OUTDOOR INDIANA' men, the Forestry Division now has 10 of its 11 districts manned by professionally trained foresters prepared to aid and assist Indiana's private timber producers. This program has been of continuous professional growth in the Department in the past three years. Technical timber management advice and assistance is now available to all forest land owners and mill operators throughout the State. Water Resources U The tinder-dry conditions which have prevailed in Indiana for the past few months are not completely due to precipitation deficiencies for the same period of time. In many localities, precipitation has been deficient for two successive years. Columbia City has a combined 1962-63 deficiency of 18.98 inches; Valparaiso has a two- year deficiency of 17.78 inches; Vincennes, 16.99 inches, and Terre Haute, 16.78 inches. It is interesting to note how the state's water supply has held up under these conditions. Reports indicate that at the end of October the major streams in the state were at their lowest levels in several years. The Wabash River at Lafayette dropped to such a low level that sand bars emerged which have not been visible for many years. Of the 68 lakes in the state which are available for comparison, 59 reported declining water levels, three did not change and six rose. Purdue has pointed out that while many farm ponds are either very low or completely dry, this is a good opportunity to clean or re-bulldoze these ponds. The groundwater table has held up fairly well under these severe conditions. Although there have been scattered reports of water well failures, the water table in general is only a few feet below normal for this time ofD year. ~ ~ t-~ei r ...... P"~o tieg~nnawai:~, State~ Parks"x~ ,v" , :~L doI e~-~;t~--- Of the~3 $294,500 set aside for rehabilitation and repairbie in the statebd parks and state park innsJ1 for the 1963-64f ina~e fiscal period, approximately $155,016 of active Deryrehabilitation tmen isoo underway lpf~U~l~ with $138,000t~ e~~~: ~of proposed rehabilitationTaXI~~~...... yet to come. Extensive repairs are being made to the family cabins, group camp buildings,and other structures and facilities at Shakamak State Park. Repairs are scheduled for Turkey Run, Shades, McCormick's Creek, Versailles, Clifty Falls, Brown County, Lincoln and Indiana Dunes State Parks, as well as Lanier State Memorial and Potawatomi Inn. The other state parks and inns will, in due time, receive their share of repairs to put the buildings and facilities in good condition. The rehabilitation and repair projects are being financed from the revenue received by the Indiana

Tax.

January, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANJDI~-nA " Page 31~ A CENTURY OF SERVICE

FOUR RETIRING conservation officers ing Warrick County; Jesse King, with were honored at a state meeting of 24 years of service, who had worked Indiana's 117 conservation officers at Clinton County, and Richard Patt- Morgan Monroe Forest in November. man, with 22 years of service with the The four men's combined tours of division, who had worked Marion duty represent almost a century of County at the time of his retirement. service. Conservation Director Donald E. Honored were Dave Mosure, who officers to has 25 years of service with the En- Foltz introduced the four forcement Division and was assigned the meeting and made the presenta- to Newton County prior to his retire- tion of retirement gifts. He also gave ment; Ray Hirsch, a veteran of 26 a brief address before introducing 23 years' service, who had been work- new conservation officers. A

Dave Mosur, Newton County Ray Hirsch, Warrick County

Jesse King, Clinton County Richard Pattman, Marion County / \ / \

/ \

japonicus japonicus,

by H. E. McREYNOLDS Supervisorby H. E.of AquaticMcREYNOLDS'y; Research " Supervisor of Aquatic Research

C AN YOU identify this "thing?" CAN YOU identify this "thing ?" A Samurai warrior in a gas mask? No. A Keystone cop freshly hit by a A Samurai warrior in a gas mask? No. A Keystone cop freshly hit by a chocolate pie? No. One more guess. No, it isn't a chubby screech owl with a chocolate pie? No. One more guess. No, it isn't a chubby screech owl with a mouse in itsits mouth. Sorry, you drew a goose egg. Actually, it is a tiny "water critter" about 1/5 inch long. To those of a Actually, it is a tiny "water critter" about 1/5 inch long. To those of a scientific bent, it is a specimen of the genus Argulus, of the Class Crustacea, scientific bent, it is a specimen of the genus Argulus, of the Class Crustacea, of Subclass Copepoda, of the Order Branchiura, of - etc. To the less sophisti- of Subclass Copepoda, of the Order Branchiura, of - etc. To the less sophisti- cated, it is a fish louse. Regardless of whether you prefer the erudite, exacting cated, it is a fish louse. Regardless of whether you prefer the erudite, exacting taxononic nomenclature of invertebrate zoology, or the common talk of com- taxononic nomenclature of invertebrate zoology, or the common talk of com- mon folk - it is still a fish parasite, and either way Messrs. Trout, Bass, and mon folk - it is still a fish parasite, and either way Messrs. Trout, Bass, and Bluegill don't like it! like it! BluegillThe pictureddon't animal is one of 15 species of this genus Argulus, which is the one of 15 species of this genus Argulus, which is the onlyThe genuspictured of thisanimal group isto be found in the United States. They are parasitic of this group to be found in the United States. They are parasitic inonly theirgenus habits, but unlike other fish parasites of the copepod group, these in their habits, but unlike other fish parasites of the copepod group, these "lice" retain the ability to move about on the host fish and to swim about "lice" retain the ability to move about on the host fish and to swim about freely in the water. They are larger than most fish parasites, usually being freely in the water. They are larger than most fish parasites, usually being 1/5 inch to one inch in length. They are covered by a shell-like carapace - sort1/5 inchof a tominute one inch turtle. in length.The photograph They are coveredshows theby underneathashell-like carapaceside of the - sort of a minute turtle. The photograph shows the underneath side of the parasite and the head end is toward the top edge of the picture. The deep blackparasite spotsand nearthe thehead critter'send isfront toward bumperthe aretop theedge eyes,of andthe picture.the larger,The grayishdeep black spots near the critter's front bumper circles behind them are ventral suckers whichare theenable eyes, it andto clingthfe larger,to fish.grayish These circles behind them are ventral suckers which enable it to cling to fish. These suction cups are its method of attachment to the unwilling host. The smaller suction cups are its method of attachment to the unwilling host. The smaller black spot between these suction cups is called a nauplius eye - a third eye black spot between these suction cups is called a nauplius on top of the head. On the louse's underneath side near the moutheye - isa athird stinging eye on top of the head. On the louse's underneath side mechanism (not discernible in this photograph) near whichthe mouthis connectedis a stinging to a poisonmechanism gland. (not discernible in this photograph) which is connected to a poison Thoughgland. the picture does not suffice for identification purposes, by infer- entialThough evidence the thispicture specimendoes notappears suffice tofor belongidentification to the speciespurposes, japonicus,by infer- an Orientalential evidence species thisparasitic specimen on goldfish.appears to belong to the species japonicus, an Oriental species parasitic on goldfish. 1964 Trout Stamps Now Available

SEASON: Lakes - open year around. Streams - May 1 through August 31.

SPECIES: Rainbow trout, brown trout and brook trout.

STAMPS: Available at most County Clerks, many sporting goods and bait stores in vicinity of trout waters and State Office Building, Room 605