DOCSLIB.ORG

Elections Related Evictions in Urban Slums: the Case of Mukuru Kwa Njenga Nairobi, 1991-2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elections Related Evictions in Urban Slums: the Case of Mukuru Kwa Njenga Nairobi, 1991-2013 ELECTIONS RELATED EVICTIONS IN URBAN SLUMS: THE CASE OF MUKURU KWA NJENGA NAIROBI, 1991-2013 PETER KAVEVA MWANGANGI A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS IN ARTS IN ARMED CONFLICT AND PEACE STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DECEMBER, 2017 DECLARATION I, the under signed, declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted to any other college, institution or university other than The University of Nairobi academic requirement. Signed: Date Peter Kaveva Mwangangi Reg. No. C50/62935/2010 This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university supervisor. Signed:_____________________________Date________________________ Dr. Herbert Misigo Amatsimbi Department of History and Archaeology University of Nairobi ii DEDICATION This project is dedicated to my wife Sakina Wangui Chege, and my daughter Rosina Mutheu Kaveva for their support, love and understanding. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many individuals for their support and contributions towards the successful completion of this project. My first and deep appreciation goes to my supervisors the late Prof.Milcah Amolo Achola (R.I.P) and Dr. Herbert Misigo Amatsimbi for their professional support, guidance, commitment and encouragement. I would also like to acknowledge the Mukuru Kwa Njenga residents for their support during the study, my family and friends for their material and moral support which enabled me complete my MA course successfully. iv ABSTRACT This study examined the settlement and origin of Mukuru Kwa Njenga slums in Nairobi and the causes and long-term impact of election related evictions in the slum.The statement of the research problem was identified from the gaps which scholars in the field of election violence and urbanization have failed to address.In this regard,the topic of the study came into the fore.The core objectives of the study were to examine the settlement of Mukuru kwa Njenga slums, the root cause of election related evictions in the settlement and the correlation between elections related violence and resultant evictions.This was achieved by examining variations across ethinicities and villages within Mukuru Kwa Njenga.The study provides evidence that politics have strong effects on forced evictions particularly during election periods which formed the basis of the research problem statement concerning the perennial evictions from the slums every election cycle. The research incorporated the use of both primary and secondary data in examining the key goals of the study.Purposive snowballing technique was also employed in the study so as to capture more data to address the objectives of the study.The research borrowed from Johan Galtung’s ‘structural conflict theory’ which postulates that structural violence is characterized politically as repression and economically by exploitation both of which are administered from the top downwards thus those below have their needs deprived disproportionately. The study found out that slum dwellers in Mukuru Kwa Njenga live in harzadous and unhealthy conditions and in portions of land which they can’t claim ownership yet they have occupied them for over 30 decades.Yet a few political elite and some influencial businessmen who used unscrupulous means to claim ownership of the same land which is home to thousands of slum dwellers threaten them with threats to evictions everytime.The slum inhibitants thus live in constant fear of evictions by the presumed owners of the land and the political elite who exploit the ethnic alignments which are deeply entrenched in the slums to cause tensions resulting to election violence and evictions in the slums.The study also estamblished that the political elite always play this ethnic card every election year for their own political selfish ends.The key main research objectives of the study were met. v LIST OF ACRONYMS C B D: Central Business District CESCR: Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. CIPEV: Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence COHRE: Centre of Housing Rights and Evictions. FIAN: Food First Information and Action Network IDPs: Internally Displaced Persons KDHS: Kenya Demographic and Health Survey KLA: The Kenya Land Alliance KNHCR: Kenya National Commission on Human Rights N C C: Nairobi City Council NGO: Non Governmental Organization SIDA: Swedish International Development Agency UN- HABITAT: United Nations Human Settlement Program. UNEP: United Nations Environmental Programme UNIC: United Nations Information Centre vi DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS Slums/informal settlements: In this study, Slum/Informal settlement refers to an area that combines to various extents the following characteristics namely;- inadequate access to safe water,inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure,poor structural quality of housing,overcrowding and insecure residential status. Forced Eviction: In this study, Forced Eviction refers to the involuntary removal of persons from their homes or land, directly or indirectly attributable to the State. It entails the effective elimination of the possibility of an individual or group living in a particular house, residence or place, and the assisted (in the case of resettlement) or unassisted (without resettlement) movement of evicted persons or groups to other areas. Public land: In this study, Public Land refers to all property owned by various governmental agencies and in which the public has access subject to disposition under the general land laws. Settlement trust land: In this study, Settlement trust land refers to land that has been given by the government so that the beneficiary only has the limited right to the property (for example during their life), but usually has no right to transfer the land to another or leave it in their own will.Instead the property devolves as directed by the settlement. vii MAP OF MUKURU KWA NJENGA viii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION..........................................................................................................ii DEDICATION.............................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................iv ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................v LIST OF ACRONYMS ..............................................................................................vi DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS.........................................................vii MAP OF MUKURU KWA NJENGA.....................................................................viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................xii LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................vi CHAPTER ONE ..........................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................1 1.2 Background to the Study......................................................................................1 1.3 Statement of the Research Problem .....................................................................4 1.4 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................5 1.5 Justification and Significance of the study...........................................................6 1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study. ....................................................................6 1.7 Literature Review.................................................................................................7 1.8 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................19 1.9 Study Hypotheses...............................................................................................20 1.10 Research Methodology.....................................................................................20 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................22 BACKGROUND OF MUKURU KWA NJENGA SLUMS: THE ORIGIN OF SLUMS IN NAIROBI................................................................................................22 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................22 2.2 History of Nairobi ..............................................................................................22 2.3 Development of Slums in Nairobi......................................................................25 2.4 Mukuru Kwa Njenga Settlement........................................................................27 2.4.1 Sisal Zone ....................................................................................................31 2.4.2 Milimani Zone .............................................................................................31 2.4.3 Vietnam Zone ..............................................................................................32 2.4.4 Zone 48........................................................................................................32
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Final Report the Covid-19 Global Pandemic in Nairobi's Low-Income
    Final Report The Covid-19 Global Pandemic in Nairobi’s Low-Income Areas: Health, Socio-Economic and Governance Aspects 11th May 2020 1 Contents Study Background and Study Objectives Methodology and’ Sample Demographics Covid-19: Knowledge, Perceived Risk and Prevention Measures Socio-Economic Impact of the Virus (personal economy, child education, crime and domestic violence ) Interventions by Government and Other Actors (curfew, travel restriction, quarantine, masks, assistance to the needy) Government of Kenya Ratings on Virus Response and Assistance from Non- State Actors 2 Study Background 3 Introduction ❑ The experience of affected countries suggests that the incidence and impact of COVID-19 can vary significantly across geographies and over time, with urban areas being the hardest hit both initially and probably in the long term. The measures taken to contain COVID-19 in urban areas are expected to affect households in many ways, including job loss, loss of remittances, higher commodity prices, and disruption to health care services and education. While these impacts will affect most households almost immediately, they will be more profound and longer-lasting amongst low income- earners who are inherently more vulnerable. ❑Nairobi has registered the highest number of Covid-19 cases in Kenya. Given the restrictions placed on movement in and out of this county (including the curfew) as well as the recommended (and in some cases enforced) ‘social isolation’ measures in response to the Corona pandemic and the resultant economic slow-down, it has become clear that many people are finding it increasingly difficult to ‘make ends meet’, especially those in the lower-income areas captured in this survey.
    [Show full text]
  • SUB-HUBS the Nairobi Hub Geographic Breakdown Is to Enable
    SUB-HUBS The Nairobi Hub geographic breakdown is to enable and promote appropriate information sharing and greater participation of stakeholders at the local level both during the Nairobi Hub Contingency planning stage, and during any required humanitarian response during the pre and post-election periods. At the Sub-hub level please communicate with the DC’s office and with the other key partners on the ground as indicated in the table below: OCPD Police Nairobi District Ministry of Grievances, Due District Hotspot Sub-Hub Focal Point KRCS Nairobi Branch Contact District Commissioner Health Diligence, Early Warning AMREF OCPD kilimani (for Joseph Odep Evans Gacheru Kibera): Langata DC: Dr.Sahra Mohamed [email protected] Branch Coordinator Bernard Muli: Mr John Elungata Langata Kibera 0726 406212 Langata 0722400535 0715200199 0720526066 Railway Line Karen-Langata [email protected] Lydia Kuria 0720367759 OCPD Langata: [email protected] [email protected] Titus Yoma: 0722918480 0722227890 Informal Settlements: - Mukuru kwa Reuben Daniel Mutinda - Mukuru Kwa Njenga Project Officer Urban Risk Reduction - Soweto Nairobi Branch AP Commander - Kwa Ario near Mr Ruben Bett Tassia (river bank) 0736440659 / 0725599105 Embakasi DC: Dr. Atieno Adede Oxfam 0722624565 [email protected] Mr Peter K. Mbugi Embakasi Elizabeth Gikonyo Embakasi 0713469104 0721406504 [email protected] Around the polling [email protected] [email protected] OCPD stations 0722478755 Winnie Kananu Mr.Adchui Other areas: Nairobi Branch 0723845889 Kayole, Tassia, Umoja 0714586439 2, 3 Spillover effect to [email protected] Innercore and Komarock 1 OCPD Police Nairobi District Ministry of Grievances, Due District Hotspot Sub-Hub Focal Point KRCS Nairobi Branch Contact District Commissioner Health Diligence, Early Warning Daniel Mutinda Project Officer Urban Risk Reduction Nairobi Branch 0736440659/ 0725599105 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Slum Toponymy in Nairobi, Kenya a Case Study Analysis of Kibera
    Urban and Regional Planning Review Vol. 4, 2017 | 21 Slum toponymy in Nairobi, Kenya A case study analysis of Kibera, Mathare and Mukuru Melissa Wangui WANJIRU*, Kosuke MATSUBARA** Abstract Urban informality is a reality in cities of the Global South, including Sub-Saharan Africa, which has over half the urban population living in informal settlements (slums). Taking the case of three informal settlements in Nairobi (Kibera, Mathare and Mukuru) this study aimed to show how names play an important role as urban landscape symbols. The study analyses names of sub-settlements (villages) within the slums, their meanings and the socio-political processes behind them based on critical toponymic analysis. Data was collected from archival sources, focus group discussion and interviews, newspaper articles and online geographical sources. A qualitative analysis was applied on the village names and the results presented through tabulations, excerpts and maps. Categorisation of village names was done based on the themes derived from the data. The results revealed that village names represent the issues that slum residents go through including: social injustices of evictions and demolitions, poverty, poor environmental conditions, ethnic groupings among others. Each of the three cases investigated revealed a unique toponymic theme. Kibera’s names reflected a resilient Nubian heritage as well as a diverse ethnic composition. Mathare settlements reflected political struggles with a dominance of political pioneers in the village toponymy. Mukuru on the other hand, being the newest settlement, reflected a more global toponymy-with five large villages in the settlement having foreign names. Ultimately, the study revealed that ethnic heritage and politics, socio-economic inequalities and land injustices as well as globalization are the main factors that influence the toponymy of slums in Nairobi.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya Red Cross
    Kenya Red Cross Annual Report 2008 Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Humanity The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, in its international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect life and health and ensure respect for the human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all people. Impartiality It makes no discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. It endeavours to relieve the suffering of individuals, being guided solely by their needs, and to give priority to the most urgent cases of distress. Neutrality In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, the Movement may not take sides in hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature. Independence The Movement is independent. The national societies while auxiliaries in the humanitarian services of their governments and subject to the laws of their respective countries must always maintain their autonomy so that they are able at all times to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement. Voluntary Service It is a voluntary relief Movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain. Unity There can be only one Red Cross or Red Crescent Society in any one Country. It must be open to all. It must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its territory. Universality The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in which all Societies have equal status and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other is worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2019/2020 Message from Our Board Chair
    THE ACTION FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2019/2020 Message from our Board Chair Dear Action Foundation Colleagues, supporters and friends, 2019/2020 was a record year for The Action Foundation (TAF). Not only did we reach new milestones in all three of our program streams: Tunza that focuses on Health and Wellbeing, Somesha on Inclusive Education and the Ibuka Program which centers on Women and Girl Empowerment; but out of more than 400 nominated innovations, our inclusive early childhood education project. Our Somesha program has been able to reach more than 1600 children to-date, improve attendance to 55% and launch our Somesha Online app. With the Tunza program our key highlight was the production of our own inhouse assistive devices made from recycled cardboard. Finally, our 50 of our girls on the Ibuka program are soaring high after being given mentorship on STEM and life skills. ` The board of directors would like to thank you for your ongoing support and dedication to our cause. Without you, TAF would not have reached the most vulnerable children and people in our society. I am very appreciative of this as we face the current challenges posed by the coronavirus pandemic including the interruption of the schooling of all children across Kenya for over 8 months. We are so proud of momentum and pace with which our team adapted and responded to the changing needs.Our outreach efforts during the lockdown ensured more than 400 families had vital supplies of food, water and sanitary supplies. The question now is, how do we continue to expand our reach? Our board has spent the better part of 2019 discussing TAF’s strategic plan in order to answer that question.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health in Urban Spaces; Vulnerability of Youth to Drug Abuse in Nairobi's Mukuru Kwa Njenga Informal Settlements, Kenya
    African Journal of Alcohol & Drug Abuse : Volume 4 Public Health in Urban Spaces; Vulnerability of Youth to Drug Abuse in Nairobi’s Mukuru Kwa Njenga Informal Settlements, Kenya Christopher Mutai1* Nicholas Ombachi1 and random sampling approach were adopted. Ruth Simiyu1 The sample size was 210 respondents derived following Krejcie and Morgan formula (1970) 1* Department of emergency management from a target population of 460. Thirty key Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science informants from the study area were recruited. and Technology, Kenya Interviews were used to collect data from key *Corresponding Author: informants and questionnaires from youth and their leaders. Qualitatively, data was given in Christopher Mutai, form of text whereas quantitatively, descriptive statistics including standard deviation and Department of emergency management frequency distribution were used to describe Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science given samples. ANOVA and Chi square were and Technology, Kenya used to analyze data quantitatively. Cannabis Email Address: [email protected] (Bhang) is the most abused substance with 50% of the youth in the slums smoking it. Submitted: 6th October 2020 Keywords: Drug abuse, slums, vulnerability, Published: 31st December 2020 vested interest theory, youth ABSTRACT Introduction Rising urban population, deprivation, The United Nations Habitat (2007) Poverty, shifting family practices and lack states that over 50% of urban population of opportunities for young people are widely is under the age of 19.8 years in many recognized as key factors influencing the African cities. Rising urban deprivation, increasing indulgence of young people in high employment rates, shifting family crime and drug abuse (UN Habitat, 2007). practices and deteriorating environmental The study sought to assess the vulnerability and health conditions are negatively of youth in slums to drugs; specifically, affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Huru-Interim-Report
    REPORT TO : DINING FOR WOMEN PROJEC T : DREAMS FOR OUR DAUGTHERS DATE : OCTOBER 2012 - APRIL 2013 Overview Huru International received financial support from Dining for Women to implement a project targeting 2,000 girls in Kenya. The Project Goal and Objectives were as follows: Project goal: To empower girls through education by reducing rates of drop-out, and to lower their vulnerability to HIV. Project objectives 1. Improve school attendance and performance of project beneficiaries over the course of one year. 2. Increase HIV awareness and knowledge among project beneficiaries over the course of one year. 3. Increase the number of direct and indirect beneficiaries accessing external youth-focused services through referrals. IMPLEMENTING ORGANIZATION Huru International’s mission is to improve educational outcomes for at-risk adolescent girls by empowering their period as a means of lowering their vulnerability to HIV and other health risks that most severely affect the uneducated and disempowered. Absenteeism resulting from limited access to sanitary pads is a problem common throughout Kenya; and it is a significant contributor to gender-based educational disparities, as girls fall behind in their studies, repeat grades, and eventually drop out of school altogether. Huru International produces and distributes kits of reusable sanitary pads (RSPs) and other essential resources to at-risk adolescent girls in Kenya. The production workshop is situated in Mukuru Kwa Njenga Slum, Nairobi. The workshop provides employment opportunity to women, men and youth from this resource poor settlement. The Huru kit is designed to provide underserved adolescent girls with a key resource for safely and hygienically managing their periods, thus enabling them to attend school during their periods and improve their academic performance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Nairobi's Mukuru Kwa Njenga I
    VULNERABILITY OF SCHOOLS IN URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS TO HAZARDS AND DISASTERS: A CASE STUDY OF NAIROBI’S MUKURU KWA NJENGA INFORMAL SETTLEMENT BY LAMECK OCHIENG’ OKELLO A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI NOVEMBER, 2016 i DECLARARTION This research project is my original work and has never been submitted for examination in any other University ____________________________ Date______/_______/2016 Okello, Lameck Ochieng’ C50/63892/2011 This research project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisors ___________________________ _______________________________ Dr. Isaiah A, Nyandega Isaac Ndolo Department of Geography & Department of Geography & Environmental Environmental Studies Studies University of Nairobi University of Nairobi ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I thank God for his protection and strength throughout the study period .I also thank The University of Nairobi as an institution for granting me the opportunity to advance in the Master of Arts in Environmental Planning and Management. I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. Isaiah Nyandega and Mr. Isaac Ndolo for providing useful academic advice and insights in the research. Secondly, I acknowledge the invaluable support of all the respondents and research partners without whom, the study would not have been complete. Finally, I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to my family for their support, understanding, patience and encouragement throughout the study period. Last but not least, I thank my colleagues for supporting my academic development and for their support during my study period.
    [Show full text]
  • SEPU – Riara Mukuru Kwa Njenga
    SEPU – Riara Mukuru kwa Njenga Enumeration report and initial planning guidelines compiled by: Kheleon Nyambuga, Michele Vianello, Jane Wairutu June 2015 1 SEPU – Riara MUKURU KWA NJENGA Planning report on the enumeration area _June 2015 compiled by: Michele Vianello, Jane Wairitu Table of contents Existing facilities____33 Overview ______3 Water services and supply____35 History of the settlement ______4 Sanitation in the housholds_____36 Enumeration as empowerment for land tenure _______11 Sanitation in businesses______37 Morphology of the enumeration area ___________ 13 Sanitation in institutions_____38 Settlement dimension and structure ownership ______ 15 Electricity_____39 The population ______ 20 Planning guidelines____40 Population structure and composition_____22 Annexes_______44 Population growth trends and projections___23 Health____25 Education and Employment ______26 Businesses in the enumerated area______28 Remarks on social and community facilities_____31 2 Overview This is a report of the community enumeration by the residents of Riara vil- The enumeration has been tallying structures and conducting a survey of lage in Mukuru Kwa Njenga slum of Nairobi. The exercise was undertaken the population, aimed at gathering a wide range of data as a base for put- in June 2015 and was facilitated and supported by Muungano wa Wanavi- ting forward planning scenarios, involving the community itself and the jiji. the lives and living conditions of slum dwellers in the area, in line with the Riara village is a densely built up slum that occupies XXXX. acres. The land newabove approaches mentioned envisaged organisations. in Kenya’s The final new objective Constitution, is the which improvement decentral of- on which Riara is built consists of about 13 registered parcels of land. Like ize governance and require new processes and plan making by local au- the rest of the Mukuru Kwa Njenga slum, the parcels of land in Riara are thorities to include civil society.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecurity and Indignity WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES in the SLUMS of NAIROBI, KENYA
    insECuritY anD inDignitY WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES IN THE SLUMS OF NAIROBI, KENYA housing is a human right amnesty international is a global movement of 2.8 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the universal Declaration of human rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. amnesty international Publications First published in 2010 by amnesty international Publications international secretariat Peter Benenson house 1 Easton street London WC1X 0DW united Kingdom www.amnesty.org © amnesty international Publications 2010 index: aFr 32/002/2010 original language: English Printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, united Kingdom all rights reserved. this publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. the copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. Cover: a woman steps across the polluted water course that runs through soweto village, Kibera, nairobi, Kenya, march 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • “We Are All Vulnerable Here” WATCH Kenya’S Pandemic Cash Transfer Program Riddled with Irregularities
    HUMAN RIGHTS “We Are All Vulnerable Here” WATCH Kenya’s Pandemic Cash Transfer Program Riddled With Irregularities “We Are All Vulnerable Here” Kenya’s Pandemic Cash Transfer Program Riddled With Irregularities Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-922-3 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org 2 JULY 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-922-3 “We Are All Vulnerable Here” Kenya’s Pandemic Cash Transfer Program Riddled With Irregularities Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................... i Map of Nairobi Showing Informal Settlements ................................................................... vi Summary ............................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Public and Private Sector Perceptions of Corporate Sustainability and Climate Change
    PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PERCEPTIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY IN KENYA Practice, Barriers, Stakeholder Participation This document is an output from a project funded by the Kenya Climate Innovation Center (KCIC). However, the views expressed and information contained in it are not necessarily those of or endorsed by KCIC, which can accept no responsibility or liability for such views, completeness or accuracy of the information or for any reliance placed on them. ©KCIC Research, 2018. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic magnetic tapes, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission in writing from the copyright holders. Disclaimer The author does not warrant that the information in this document is free from errors or omissions. The author does not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortious, or otherwise, for the contents of this document or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this document may not relate, or be relevant, to a reader‘s particular circumstances. Opinions expressed by the author are the individual opinions expressed by those persons and are not necessarily those of the publisher, research provider or KCIC. 2 About the Corporate Sustainability Survey Project This report seeks to find the public and private sector perceptions about corporate sustainability practices and climate change issues in Kenya. It has been prepared by the Kenya Climate Innovation Center Sustainability Initiative (KCIC-SI). KCIC-SI is individually funded to collaborate with KCIC Research in the design and analysis of a major comparative survey of sustainability and climate change beliefs amongst the public and business managers in 8 counties in Kenya.
    [Show full text]