DOCSLIB.ORG

Carcinus Maenas in South Africa: Status, Impacts and Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Carcinus Maenas in South Africa: Status, Impacts and Management Carcinus maenas in South Africa: status, impacts and management Clova Airth Mabin Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Zoology) Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Tammy Robinson-Smythe Co-supervisors: Prof John Wilson Prof Jaco Le Roux March 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third-party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. I would like to declare that Dr Henning Winker at the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries developed the code for the Bayesian depletion model used in Chapter 3. This allowed me to use the data collected during management of Carcinus to estimate the population’s response to the intervention. Throughout the thesis, the term Carcinus is used when referring to South African populations of crabs from this genus. This is a result of the detection of hybrids between C. maenas and C. aestuarii in Chapter 5, and the recognition that the results obtained in this thesis can thus not be ascribed to a particular Carcinus species. During the management programme, I played the role of lead scientist, co-ordinating the research and contributing to decisions regarding the management plan. During the course of my doctoral studies, I also completed the field work for and published the following paper: Mabin CA, Wilson JR, Robinson TB (2015) The Chilean black urchin, Tetrapygus niger (Molina, 1782) in South Africa: gone but not forgotten. BioInvasions Records 4: 261–264. Originally this work was to be incorporated into my thesis, with an envisaged management programme to control the urchin. However, when the surveys were conducted, no urchins were detected and the species was declared no longer present in South Africa. Clova Mabin January 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project would not have been possible without funding from the South African Department of Environment Affairs (DEA) through the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) Marine Programme. I would also like to thank the DST- NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology for the generous personal bursary support. I will always be grateful for the support and care that my main supervisor, Dr Tammy Robinson-Smythe, put into my project as well as my own development as a student. She went out of her way to help, giving up a lot of her free time to help with field work as well as data analysis and the write-up. I couldn’t have done it without you! I would also like to thank my co-supervisors, Prof. John Wilson and Prof. Jaco Le Roux for their patience and guidance. I have learnt so many things from all three of you over the last few years. Due to the massive effort required to manage the crab, there are a lot of people who I would like to acknowledge. Specifically, the team at SANBI (Dr Kerry Sink, Prideel Madjeet, Siyansanga Miya and Phillip Ivey) for their logistical support, as well as the large team of research assistants, and the field managers (Dr Shannon Hampton, Hannah Raven and Nicolas Djikerman). For all other field work, I had a lot of helpers. I would like to specifically thank Cheruscha Swart, Lisa Skein, Katie Keanly, Dr Mhairi Alexander, Dr Shannon Hampton, Ben Brooker, Stewart Norman, Leslie Roberson and Jannes Landschoff for their help with surveys and tethering experiments. The support of the Research Dive Unit at the University of Cape Town (including Pieter Truter, Andrea Plos, Steve Horsley, Cassie van der Merwe, Renae Logston, Welly Qwabe, Jessica Micklem and Natalie Diemer) was invaluable. In particular, Pieter and Andrea were always happy to help with dive work and have an immense knowledge of field work practicalities. Thanks also to Pieter and Derek Robinson for the welding of crab trap frames. Special thanks are owed to the Royal Cape Yacht Club, the Hout Bay Yacht Club and the Two Oceans Aquarium for hosting my research. The aquarium accommodated the tethering experiment which really offered a different perspective on the role of Carcinus as prey. I am especially thankful to all those in the Molecular Ecology Lab who assisted me with laboratory techniques, especially Megan Mathese who was a tremendous help. Several international researchers assisted me in the collection of genetic samples, including Dr Ilaria Marino, Julie Gonzalez, Kiley Best, Dr Danny O’Neill, Dr Antony Knights, Prof. Henrique Queiroga, Brett Howard, Dr Masashi Yokota and Rene Campbell. Thank you all for your contributions. ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za I would like to thank Prof. Res Altwegg for providing guidance in the trigonometric analysis of the seasonal patterns detected in the Table Bay population. Dr Henning Winker helped develop the Bayesian state space model used in Chapter 3 and for that I’m very grateful. This project required significantly more computer science knowledge than I had at the beginning. A huge thanks to Dr Heidi Hirsch, Jan-Hendrik Keet, Maria Loreto- Castillo in the Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, as well as my non-academic friends, Davin Menhinick and Si Raybouldt. Thanks to all my friends who supported me throughout my PhD (there are too many to mention by name) and all those in the Marine Lab in Stellenbosch for feedback on presentations and general support. Above all, I would like to acknowledge the continued support of my parents throughout my long education, both for their financial contributions as well as their love and interest in my work (and assistance with data entries!). Thanks to my sister and her little family for loving crabs as much me, and for being brave enough to join in the crab-catching in Scotland. The biggest thanks are owed to my husband, Matthew Mabin, for supporting me on this prolonged journey, for helping me catch crabs on many occasions, supervising my diving, listening to plenty of crab talk, for allowing me to have a lot of crabs in our house (including the few that escaped!) and being on constant Skye duty. I can’t thank you enough! Then there is my wee girl who kept me going at the end with her giggles and smiles, and was my inspiration for finishing (before her first birthday). Skye, I dedicate this study to you. iii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Table of Contents DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ II ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. VII CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 MARINE INVASIONS ................................................................................................................................. 1 MARINE INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................... 1 SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE INVASIONS .......................................................................................................... 3 THE ECOLOGY OF CARCINUS ...................................................................................................................... 3 CARCINUS INVASIONS ............................................................................................................................... 5 CARCINUS IN SOUTH AFRICA ..................................................................................................................... 6 RATIONALE FOR THIS STUDY ...................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2. THE CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION STATUS OF CARCINUS IN SOUTH AFRICA ........................................................................................................................................ 8 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 8 METHODS ............................................................................................................................................ 12 Intertidal surveys .......................................................................................................................... 12 Subtidal surveys of natural habitat .............................................................................................. 12 Harbour surveys: population structure and reproductive cycle ................................................... 13 Data analysis ................................................................................................................................ 15 RESULTS .............................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TNP SOK 2011 Internet
    GARDEN ROUTE NATIONAL PARK : THE TSITSIKAMMA SANP ARKS SECTION STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Contributors: N. Hanekom 1, R.M. Randall 1, D. Bower, A. Riley 2 and N. Kruger 1 1 SANParks Scientific Services, Garden Route (Rondevlei Office), PO Box 176, Sedgefield, 6573 2 Knysna National Lakes Area, P.O. Box 314, Knysna, 6570 Most recent update: 10 May 2012 Disclaimer This report has been produced by SANParks to summarise information available on a specific conservation area. Production of the report, in either hard copy or electronic format, does not signify that: the referenced information necessarily reflect the views and policies of SANParks; the referenced information is either correct or accurate; SANParks retains copies of the referenced documents; SANParks will provide second parties with copies of the referenced documents. This standpoint has the premise that (i) reproduction of copywrited material is illegal, (ii) copying of unpublished reports and data produced by an external scientist without the author’s permission is unethical, and (iii) dissemination of unreviewed data or draft documentation is potentially misleading and hence illogical. This report should be cited as: Hanekom N., Randall R.M., Bower, D., Riley, A. & Kruger, N. 2012. Garden Route National Park: The Tsitsikamma Section – State of Knowledge. South African National Parks. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................2 2. ACCOUNT OF AREA........................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation of the Reproductive Mode of the Pinfish, Lagodon Rhomboides Linnaeus (Osteichthyes: Sparidae) Richard P
    Northeast Gulf Science Volume 12 Article 3 Number 2 Number 2 10-1992 An Investigation of the Reproductive Mode of the Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides Linnaeus (Osteichthyes: Sparidae) Richard P. Cody Louisiana State University Stephen A. Bortone University of West Florida DOI: 10.18785/negs.1202.03 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Cody, R. P. and S. A. Bortone. 1992. An Investigation of the Reproductive Mode of the Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides Linnaeus (Osteichthyes: Sparidae). Northeast Gulf Science 12 (2). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol12/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cody and Bortone: An Investigation of the Reproductive Mode of the Pinfish, Lagodon Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 12, No. 2 October 1992 p. 99·110 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE MODE OF THE PINFISH, Lagodon rhomboides Linnaeus (Osteichthys: Sparidae) Richard P. Cody Museum of Natural Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 and Stephen A. Bortone Dep<irtment of Biology University of West Florida Pensacola, FL 32514 ABSTRACT: The majority of spa rids studied have shown evidence of hermaphroditism. The reproductive mode of the pinfish was investigated using museum and field collections of pinfish (n =974) distributed in size from 13 to 276 mm SL. The observed female to male sex ratio of 1.3:1.0 was not ~niflcantly different from uniformity.
    [Show full text]
  • Pcr-Based Dgge Identification of Bacteria and Yeasts
    ESTABLISHMENT OF A GENETIC DATABASE AND MOLECULAR METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FISH SPECIES AVAILBLE ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN MARKET DONNA-MAREÈ CAWTHORN Dissertation presented for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (FOOD SCIENCE) in the Faculty of AgriSciences at Stellenbosch University Promotor: Prof. R.C. Witthuhn Co-promotor: Dr. H.A. Steinman December 2011 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za ii DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. 08 November 2011 _________________________ ___________________ Donna-Mareè Cawthorn Date Copyright © 2011 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za iii ABSTRACT Consumers have the right to accurate information on the fish products they purchase to enable them to make educated seafood selections that will not endanger their own wellbeing or the wellbeing of the environment. Unfortunately, marine resource scarcity, financial incentives and inadequate or poorly enforced regulations have all promoted the mislabelling of fish species on global markets, the results of which may hold economic, conservation and health consequences. The primary aims of this study were to determine the most commonly available fish species on the South African market, to establish and compare DNA-based methods for the unambiguous identification of these species and to utilise the most applicable methods to evaluate the extent of mislabelling on the local fisheries market.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIAL PUBLICATION No
    The J. L. B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 14 COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE FISHES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA PART I MARINE FISHES by Margaret M. Smith RHODES UNIVERSITY GRAHAMSTOWN, SOUTH AFRICA April 1975 COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE FISHES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA PART I MARINE FISHES by Margaret M. Smith INTRODUCTION In earlier times along South Africa’s 3 000 km coastline were numerous isolated communities. Interested in angling and pursuing commercial fishing on a small scale, the inhabitants gave names to the fishes that they caught. First, in 1652, came the Dutch Settlers who gave names of well-known European fishes to those that they found at the Cape. Names like STEENBRAS, KABELJOU, SNOEK, etc., are derived from these. Malay slaves and freemen from the East brought their names with them, and many were manufactured or adapted as the need arose. The Afrikaans names for the Cape fishes are relatively uniform. Only as the distance increases from the Cape — e.g. at Knysna, Plettenberg Bay and Port Elizabeth, do they exhibit alteration. The English names started in the Eastern Province and there are different names for the same fish at towns or holiday resorts sometimes not 50 km apart. It is therefore not unusual to find one English name in use at the Cape, another at Knysna, and another at Port Elizabeth differing from that at East London. The Transkeians use yet another name, and finally Natal has a name quite different from all the rest. The indigenous peoples of South Africa contributed practically no names to the fishes, as only the early Strandlopers were fish eaters and we know nothing of their language.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology and Management of Reef Fishes in False Bay, Southwestern
    University of Cape Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Jo Declaration This thesis is my own unaided work. It reports results of original research carried out in the Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, and has not been submitted for a degree at any other university. Signed ..~~ ···· · Date .. /.~ / O.l? ./r~9.()(.) 11 Abstract This thesis aimed to investigate the composition and seasonal variability of the False Bay suprabenthic reef fish assemblage, to determine which physical factors affect its composition, and to evaluate the fisheries management regulations and tools that are employed to manage reef fisheries within the Bay. The composition and seasonal variability of the suprabenthic reef fish assemblage was investigated by censusing approximately the same protected reef area monthly over a 14 month period. The five most abundant of the 26 demersal species (nine families) recorded (in decreasing order of abundance) were cape hottentot Pachymetopon blochii (30.6%), strepie Sarpa salpa (17.7%), fransmadam Boopsoidea inornata (16.1 %), red roman Chrysoblephus laticeps (10.4%) and steentjie Spondyliosoma emarginatum (9.2%). Although the behavioural changes which some of the species undertook as water temperature dropped to 13°C or below resulted in their density appearing to vary seasonally, only the red stumpnose Chrysoblephus gibbiceps was found to migrate seasonally into False Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 2011: Technical Report
    NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 2011: Technical Report Volume 4: Marine and Coastal Component National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Marine & Coa stal Component NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 2011: Technical Report Volume 4: Marine and Coastal Component Kerry Sink 1, Stephen Holness 2, Linda Harris 2, Prideel Majiedt 1, Lara Atkinson 3, Tamara Robinson 4, Steve Kirkman 5, Larry Hutchings 5, Robin Leslie 6, Stephen Lamberth 6, Sven Kerwath 6, Sophie von der Heyden 4, Amanda Lombard 2, Colin Attwood 7, George Branch 7, Tracey Fairweather 6, Susan Taljaard 8, Stephen Weerts 8 Paul Cowley 9, Adnan Awad 10 , Ben Halpern 11 , Hedley Grantham 12 and Trevor Wolf 13 1 South African National Biodiversity Institute 2 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University 3 South African Environmental Observation Network 4 Stellenbosch University 5 Department of Environmental Affairs 6 Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 7 University of Cape Town 8 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research 9 South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity 10 International Ocean Institute, South Africa 11 National Centre for Ecological Analyses and Synthesis, University of California, USA 12 University of Queensland, Australia 13 Trevor Wolf GIS Consultant 14 Oceanographic Research Institute 15 Capfish 16 Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife 17 KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board Other contributors: Cloverley Lawrence 1, Ronel Nel 2, Eileen Campbell 2, Geremy Cliff 17 , Bruce Mann 14 , Lara Van Niekerk 8, Toufiek Samaai 5, Sarah Wilkinson 15, Tamsyn Livingstone 16 and Amanda Driver 1 This report can be cited as follows: Sink K, Holness S, Harris L, Majiedt P, Atkinson L, Robinson T, Kirkman S, Hutchings L, Leslie R, Lamberth S, Kerwath S, von der Heyden S, Lombard A, Attwood C, Branch G, Fairweather T, Taljaard S, Weerts S, Cowley P, Awad A, Halpern B, Grantham H, Wolf T.
    [Show full text]
  • Hermaphroditism in Fish
    Tesis doctoral Evolutionary transitions, environmental correlates and life-history traits associated with the distribution of the different forms of hermaphroditism in fish Susanna Pla Quirante Tesi presentada per a optar al títol de Doctor per la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, programa de doctorat en Aqüicultura, del Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia. Director: Tutor: Dr. Francesc Piferrer Circuns Dr. Lluís Tort Bardolet Departament de Recursos Marins Renovables Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Institut de Ciències del Mar Fisiologia i Immunologia Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona La doctoranda: Susanna Pla Quirante Barcelona, Setembre de 2019 To my mother Agraïments / Acknowledgements / Agradecimientos Vull agrair a totes aquelles persones que han aportat els seus coneixements i dedicació a fer possible aquesta tesi, tant a nivell professional com personal. Per començar, vull agrair al meu director de tesi, el Dr. Francesc Piferrer, per haver-me donat aquesta oportunitat i per haver confiat en mi des del principi. Sempre admiraré i recordaré el teu entusiasme en la ciència i de la contínua formació rebuda, tant a nivell científic com personal. Des del primer dia, a través dels teus consells i coneixements, he experimentat un continu aprenentatge que sens dubte ha derivat a una gran evolució personal. Principalment he après a identificar les meves capacitats i les meves limitacions, i a ser resolutiva davant de qualsevol adversitat. Per tant, el meu més sincer agraïment, que mai oblidaré. During the thesis, I was able to meet incredible people from the scientific world. During my stay at the University of Manchester, where I learned the techniques of phylogenetic analysis, I had one of the best professional experiences with Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Reveals a High Incidence of Fish Species
    Food Research International 46 (2012) 30–40 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food Research International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodres DNA barcoding reveals a high incidence of fish species misrepresentation and substitution on the South African market Donna-Mareè Cawthorn a,⁎, Harris Andrew Steinman b, R. Corli Witthuhn a a Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa b Food & Allergy Consulting & Testing Services (F.A.C.T.S), P.O. Box 565, Milnerton, 7435, South Africa article info abstract Article history: The mislabelling of fishery products has emerged as a serious problem on global markets, raising the need for Received 11 April 2011 the development of analytical tools for species authentication. DNA barcoding, based on the sequencing of a Accepted 8 November 2011 standardised region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, has received considerable attention as an ac- curate and broadly applicable tool for animal species identifications. The aim of this study was to investigate Keywords: the utility of DNA barcoding for the identification of a variety of commercial fish in South Africa and, in so DNA barcoding doing, to estimate the prevalence of species substitution and fraud prevailing on this market. A ca. 650 Fish species fi Identification base pair (bp) region of the COI gene was sequenced from 248 sh samples collected from seafood whole- Mislabelling salers and retail outlets in South Africa, following which species identifications were made in the Barcode Species authentication of Life Database (BOLD) and in GenBank. DNA barcoding was able to provide unambiguous species-level identifications for 235 of 248 (95%) samples analysed.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1. South African Marine Bioregions K. Sink, J. Harris and A. Lombard 1. Introduction Biogeography Is Defined As The
    Appendix 1. South African marine bioregions K. Sink, J. Harris and A. Lombard 1. Introduction Biogeography is defined as the study of biological life in a spatial and temporal context and is concerned with the analysis and explanation of patterns of distribution (Cox and Moore 1998). An important application of biogeographic studies is the generation of knowledge necessary to achieve adequate and representative conservation of all elements of biodiversity. Conservation of biodiversity pattern requires that a viable proportion of any habitat or species in each biogeographically distinct area is protected, either within a protected area or by management measures that mitigate threats. It is therefore important to realise that any habitat or species in each biogeographic region is seen as distinct and deserving of protection. It is thus recommended that representative marine protected areas need to be established within each principal biogeographic region in South Africa (Hockey and Buxton 1989; Hockey and Branch 1994, 1997; Turpie et al. 2000; Roberts et al. 2003a; Roberts et al. 2003b). A prerequisite to achieving this goal is, however, a knowledge of where biogeographic regions begin and end. For this project, distinct biogeographic areas with clear boundaries were needed for the South African marine environment. The area of interest was from Lüderitz in Namibia to Inhaca Island in Mozambique. 2. Marine biogeographic patterns in South Africa Many studies have investigated marine biogeographic patterns around the coast of South Africa (e.g. Stephenson and Stephenson 1972; Brown and Jarman 1978; Emanuel et al. 1992; Engledow et al. 1992; Stegenga and Bolton 1992; Bustamante and Branch 1996; Bolton and Anderson 1997; Turpie et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Environmental Impact Assessment
    MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED DESALINATION PLANTS AROUND THE CAPE PENINSULA, SOUTH AFRICA Marine Specialist Report October 2017 Anchor Environmental Consultants Report No. 1768/3 MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED DESALINATION PLANTS AROUND THE CAPE PENINSULA, SOUTH AFRICA Marine Specialist Report October 2017 Report prepared for Advisian: WorleyParsons Group 31 Allen Drive, Loevenstein Cape Town, South Africa www.advisian.com Report Prepared by: Anchor Environmental Consultants (Pty) Ltd Suite 8 Steenberg House, Silverwood Close, Tokai 7945, South Africa www.anchorenvironmental.co.za Authors: Megan Laird, Amy Wright, Vera Massie and Barry Clark Citation: Laird MC, Wright AG. Massie V and Clark BM. 2017. Marine Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Desalination Plants around the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Report no. 1768/3 prepared by Anchor Environmental Consultants for Advisian: WorleyParsons Group. Pp 128. © Anchor Environmental Consultants Use of material contained in this document by prior written permission of Anchor Environmental Consultants only. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... VI GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of the Family Sparidae
    FishTaxa (2019) 4(2): 47-98 Journal homepage: www.fishtaxa.com © 2019 FISHTAXA. All rights reserved An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae Paolo Parenti* Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1 20126 Milano, Italy. Corresponding author: *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A checklist of the sparid fishes of the world is presented. The checklist contains 166 valid species, 260 synonyms, including 26 that are here recognized as new, and 19 unplaced nominal species. Seven nominal species recorded as sparid in the Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes are here recognized to belong to different families and among them three nominal species predate well established fish names and are here declared nomina oblita. A list of unavailable names is also included. Keywords: New synonyms, Nomina oblita. Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4298AF21-B43B-437A-BE56-DB277924D5C0 Introduction Sparidae are marine fishes, rarely found in brackish or freshwater, present in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans at tropical and temperate latitudes, rarely in cooler waters. Interestingly, more than one third of the species lives along South Africa coast, including many endemic species. They are benthopelagic on the shelf to 250 m, but more abundant in fairly shallow waters in small aggregation or school around coral reefs, on rubble, sand or seagrass beds. Aggregation occurs for small species or young individuals where adults are solitary. Diagnosis includes the following morphological traits: deep-bodied, slab-sided fishes, in general appearance similar to Haemulidae, from which they differ for the absence of scales in the suborbital space, preopercular margin not serrated and absence of pores on the chin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Value of South African Kelp Forests and Temperate Reefs: Past, Present and Future
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317624476 The economic value of South African kelp forests and temperate reefs: Past, present and future Article in Journal of Marine Systems · June 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.06.003 CITATIONS READS 32 1,591 2 authors: Laura K. Blamey J. J. Bolton The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation University of Cape Town 33 PUBLICATIONS 933 CITATIONS 204 PUBLICATIONS 5,436 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Masters View project Contributions to the taxonomy and systematics of southern African seaweeds View project All content following this page was uploaded by Laura K. Blamey on 30 January 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. MARSYS-02991; No of Pages 10 Journal of Marine Systems xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Marine Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmarsys The economic value of South African kelp forests and temperate reefs: Past, present and future Laura K. Blamey ⁎,JohnJ.Bolton Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa article info abstract Article history: In South Africa, kelp forests and associated temperate reefs dominate the nearshore subtidal zone in the southern Received 11 January 2017 Benguela, with kelp forests covering approximately 1000 km of the coastline. These ecosystems provide a range of Received in revised form 1 June 2017 goods and services that are of immense ecological, socialandeconomicimportance.Anumber of valuable species Accepted 14 June 2017 on these subtidal reefs are overexploited and have reached a state of crisis since the 1990s.
    [Show full text]