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Innovative Scientific and Technological Support System For Innovative Scientific and Technological Support System for Coastal Management in Xiamen, PR China CASE STUDY 44 Case Study 44 Innovative Scientific and Technological Support System for Coastal Management in Xiamen, PR China Huasheng Hong* State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Coastal and Ocean Management Institute Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China Key Message Abstract • The effectiveness of scientific and In 1994, Xiamen City was chosen by the technological support to coastal GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme management can be greatly enhanced for Marine Pollution Prevention and through timely provision of critical and Management of the East Asian Seas reliable information, and techniques Region (MPP-EAS) as a pilot site for or technologies that can be utilized for demonstrating the feasibility of ICM as an policy and/or management interventions. effective approach in achieving sustainable coastal development. Recognizing the • Incorporating scientific/expert advice important role of science and technology into the planning and management in the design and implementation of processes of an integrated coastal management interventions, a Marine management (ICM) program can Experts Group (MEG) comprising key improve mutual understanding and leaders/representatives from educational, enhance cooperation between scientists technical, and scientific research and managers, increase cost-effectiveness, institutions in Fujian province was This section is part of the book: and generate environmental and established and incorporated as part of Chua, T.-E., L.M. Chou, G. Jacinto, S.A. Ross, and D. Bonga. (Editors). socioeconomic benefits. the ICM Coordinating Mechanism; thus, 2018. Local Contributions to Global facilitating closer interactions between Sustainable Agenda: Case Studies in Integrated Coastal Management in the policymakers/managers and scientists. East Asian Seas Region. Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) and Coastal Management Center (CMC), Quezon City, Philippines. * Email: [email protected] 483 CASE STUDY 44 Through the MEG, various scientific and Background technological support was provided in the process of ICM program development and In order to achieve effective response to the implementation. increasing challenges of climate change and human activities on the sustainable development This case study highlights several key scientific of the coastal and marine areas, most recent and technological support that contributed national and international efforts have adopted significantly to: (a) the development and holistic and ecosystem-based management implementation of a marine functional zoning approaches, requiring the use and integration of scheme in Xiamen through the application of scientific information and knowledge as well as integrated environmental impact assessment utilizing innovative technologies in developing (IEIA) and geographical information system effective science-based management programs (GIS), in addition to mobilizing multidisciplinary (GESAMP, 1996; Hong and Xue, 2002). Since research teams for undertaking field surveys and 1994, as one of the demonstration sites of the analysis; (b) application of strategic environmental GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme for assessment (SEA) in coastal planning and Marine Pollution Prevention and Management of management interventions; (c) application the East Asian Seas Region (MPP-EAS), Xiamen of numerical modeling to determine the has successfully applied the above approaches hydrodynamics of the sea areas and the impacts in the development and implementation of ICM of coastal reclamation resulting in a series of long- programs (Chua, et al., 1997; Hong and Peng, term engineering interventions/improvement to 2002; McCleave, et al., 2003; Xue and Hong, 2005; restore the water quality of the coastal seas; and Peng, et al., 2006b). (d) the development and implementation of an integrated marine environmental monitoring One of the successful experiences of Xiamen system (IMEMS) to provide in-situ information on ICM was the effective science-management the sea conditions and water quality of the coastal interface through a scientific support mechanism, waters. which facilitated effective utilization of science and technologies for policy and management Key lessons drawn from over 20 years of operation interventions. Such scientific mechanism was include: (i) the incorporation of a representative strategically incorporated as a multidisciplinary scientific community (e.g., MEG) into the MEG within the Interagency Coordinating standing ICM Coordinating Mechanism greatly Committee for the development and enhanced cost-effective policy and management implementation of the ICM program established interventions; (ii) the Xiamen experience since 1994 (Hong and Xue, 2002). The MEG showcased how scientific and technological consisted of leaders of various educational support could be effectively mobilized in achieving and scientific research institutions located in management objectives; (iii) due to current and Xiamen City or in Fujian Province. Through the new challenges to the sustainable management of committee, matters concerning the environment the coastal areas, scientific institutions continue and sustainable development were discussed to play a proactive role, and as such, MEG and acted upon. The MEG was therefore able to continues to function especially for addressing interact with managers and leaders of various new challenges; and (iv) a long-term IMEMS is agencies and understand their management an indispensable component of the environmental challenges so as to provide or mobilize the needed management system in Xiamen. scientific or technological support for facilitating 484 Innovative Scientific and Technological Support System for Coastal Management in Xiamen, PR China CASE STUDY 44 policy and management decisions. Over the With the support of the leadership of the long duration of working together, there was Coordinating Committee, MEG was in a better appreciation of the contribution of science better position to organize the needed field and technology in addressing many of the surveys and research investigations. It was also management challenges. comparatively easier for them to secure the needed financial resources. This case study outlines how scientific and technological support was utilized in policy and Mobilize experts and scientific institutions. management decisions in the development and implementation of some coastal initiatives in With clear mandates from the Coordinating Xiamen. Committee, MEG was able to select qualified experts from institutions within the province. National or international experts could also Approach and Methodology be drawn whenever necessary. Such approach enabled MEG to effectively address local Integrate MEG as an essential component of the concerns. The MEG formed research teams ICM institutional mechanism. to implement agenda through contractual agreements. As much as possible, technical In line with the design of the ICM system expertise from each relevant agency was in developing a science-based management involved throughout the process, thus ensuring program, MEG was incorporated in the close and timely linkage with the scientific Coordinating Committee. The MEG was teams. responsible for providing scientific and technological advice and expertise in the Provide accurate scientific data to support development and implementation of the ICM management decisions. program. Its members were familiar with local conditions and management challenges. As Research teams were responsible for organizing such, MEG was able to interact freely with all their own protocols, gather primary and concerned agencies and other stakeholders in secondary information, analyzing available identifying and securing needed information for data and submitting their findings to MEG and management interventions. subsequently to the Coordinating Committee. Identify management needs for scientific and technological support. Results By following the structure of the ICM framework and the program development ICM is largely area-based and hence, has to process (PEMSEA, 2006), the ICM project address a wide spectrum of socioeconomic and office was able to utilize MEG to undertake environmental management challenges using information gathering and analysis activities. various scientific and management tools. The This step included the preparation of the following are examples of key scientific and Xiamen Environmental Profile, State of the technological support that were employed for Coasts report, coastal zoning, environmental addressing some of the coastal planning and risk assessments, and ecosystem valuation. management issues in Xiamen. 485 CASE STUDY 44 Development and implementation of marine ecological functions of the coastal areas and their functional zoning scheme subsequent zoning scheme could be determined. The marine functional zoning (MFZ) scheme was IEIA. The IEIA is an advanced technique to identify conceived as an arbitrary yet practical approach the nature of the cumulative impacts of economic to reducing use conflicts in the coastal and marine development and their consequences; prioritize areas by promoting key economic activities the issues; and provide guidance for the prevention in designated areas based on best use of their and mitigation of existing and future negative ecological characteristics (Ruan and Yu, 1999; consequences. The incorporation of IEIA in
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