DOCSLIB.ORG

Full Article

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Full Article 32 Notornis, 2008, Vol. 55: 32-37 0029-4470 © The Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. Application of the new names in the 1794 J.R. Forster footnote on Norfolk Island birds FRANK D. STEINHEIMER* Wöhlertstrasse 5, D-10115 Berlin, Germany [email protected] RICHARD SCHODDE Australian Biological Resources Study, GPO Box 787, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia [email protected] WALTER J. BOCK Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, PB 2428 New York, NY, 10027, USA [email protected] Abstract Johann Reinhold Forster (1794) described a handful of new bird taxa in a footnote to his translation of Philip Gidley King’s account of a visit to Norfolk Island. While most of these new bird names have older synonyms, are nomina nuda or are previously published, three of them – Psittacus hypopolius, Columba argetraea and Mostacilla [sic: Motacilla] ventilabrum – are available by description and are open to interpretation as the valid senior names for the Norfolk Island kaka, Norfolk Island fruit pigeon and Norfolk Island grey fantail respectively. However, Forster (1794) based these descriptions on a mixed type series of birds from mainland New Zealand (South Island) and Norfolk Island, and, by lectotypification, these three names are here established for the New Zealand forms, thereby maintaining priority for names already in wide use for the three Norfolk taxa, namely productus Gould, 1836 for the kaka, spadicea Latham, 1801 for the fruit pigeon, and pelzelni G.R. Gray, 1862 for the grey fantail. Steinheimer, F.D.; Schodde, R.; Bock, W.J. 2008. Application of the new names in the 1794 J.R. Forster footnote on Norfolk Island birds. Notornis 55(1): 32-37. Keywords: Forster, Norfolk Island birds, lectotype designations, kaka, fruit pigeon, grey fantail Johann Reinhold Forster (1729-1798) was the finds also on New Amsterdam, Psittacus euchlorus; naturalist on James Cook’s second voyage of a reddish brown, beautiful pigeon with white belly, discovery to the Antarctic and Pacific in 1772-1775, Columba argetraea; a wagtail with a fanned tail, while his son Georg (1754-1794) sailed as an assistant Motacilla ventilabrum; three storm petrels, Procellaria artist (Beaglehole 1961). Although prevented by the gavia, Procellaria tridactyla, and a variety of Linné’s British Admiralty from publishing on the natural Procellaria aequinoctialis. Shags were nesting on history results of the voyage (Mathews 1925; the cliffs, Linné’s Pelecanus piscator. Furthermore, Iredale 1937; Whittell 1954: 253), the elder Forster we discovered a new, very beautiful flycatcher nevertheless added a footnote to his 1794 translation Muscicapa dipapha. It was black, had a white forehead of Commandant Philip Gidley King’s account of and upper wing-coverts, [and was] on wings, breast establishing a penal colony on Norfolk Island in and belly of wonderful scarlet colour”.1 1788-1790 (J.R. Forster 1794: 313). In that footnote, Forster reported the birds that he himself had found 1 The original text reads as followed: “Als wir am 10ten Oktober 1774 die on Norfolk Island when it was discovered by Cook Norfolk=Insel besuchten, fanden wir folgende auch in Neuseeland von on 10 October 1774. We translate: “During our visit uns angetroffene Vögel: einen großen grünen Papagay, den wir psittacum to Norfolk-Island on 10th October 1774 we met hypopolium nannten; einen Perrokiht, desgleichen man auch in Neuamster- with following birds also known [to us] from New dam findet,psittacum euchlorum; eine braunrothe schöne Taube mit weißem Bauche, columbam argetraeam; einen Quecksterz mit einem Fächerschwanze, Zealand: a large, green parrot, which we named mostacillam [sic: motacillam] ventilabrum; drei Sturmvögel, procellariam gaviam, Psittacus hypopolius; a parakeet, the same kind one procellariam tridactylam, und eine Abart von Linnés procellaria aequinoctiali. An den Felsen nisteten die Seeraben, Linnés pelecani piscatores. Noch fanden wir Received 14 February 2008; accepted 19 August 2008 einen neuen sehr schönen Fliegenschnapper [sic], muscicapam dipapham. Er *Corresponding author war schwarz, hatte eine weiße Stirn und obere Deckfedern, an Flügel, Brust und Bauche von herrlicher Scharlachfarbe”. Forster’s bird names 33 Lichtenstein (1844) later published J.R. Forster’s has no effect on current nomenclature. notes on birds from Cook’s second voyage, The last three Forster names – Psittacus referring the new names for Norfolk Island birds hypopolius, Columba argetraea and Mostacilla [sic: to taxa already described earlier from New Zealand Motacilla] ventilabrum – are also available by by Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1788, 1789). Quoting description, however meagre. More importantly, Lichtenstein (1844) as Forster (1844), the synonymies they do impact on current nomenclature: they are of the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum open to interpretation as the valid senior names for (Salvadori 1891: 5 for hypopolius [not euchlorus p. 44], the Norfolk Island kaka, Norfolk Island fruit pigeon 1893: 237 for argetraea; Sharpe 1879: 168 for dipapha, and Norfolk Island grey fantail respectively, as 309 for ventilabrum; Salvin 1896: 381 for gavia, 395 for noted above. Yet only Iredale (1937) and Mathews aequinoctialis ref. Linnaeus, 438 for tridactyla; Ogilvie- (1943, 1946), supported by McAllan (2007), have Grant 1898: 432 for piscator ref. Linnaeus) and other accepted this view. All three, moreover, overlooked revisers such as Sharpe (1906) and Mathews (1927, the seniority of ventilabrum J.R. Forster. The identity 1930) followed suit. Nevertheless, Iredale (1937) of the Forster parrot and pigeon, vague due to and Mathews (1943, 1946), followed by Schodde skimpy diagnoses and disputed by McAllan (2007) (1997a, 1997b) and McAllan (2007), concluded that in the case of Psittacus hypopolius, is clarified by the the names had been published for Norfolk Island younger Forster’s paintings of Psittacus hypopolius taxa first, thereby displacing the long-established and Columba argetraea (Lysaght 1959: 285, 304) and species-group names of productus Gould, 1836 for by the elder Forster’s description of both taxa (J.R. the extinct Norfolk Island kaka (Psittacidae),spadicea Forster in Lichtenstein 1844) when considered in Latham, 1801 for the extinct Norfolk Island fruit conjunction with the younger Forster’s diary of pigeon (Columbidae) and pelzelni G.R. Gray, 1862 ornithological findings on both Norfolk Island and for the Norfolk Island grey fantail (Rhipiduridae). New Zealand (G. Forster 1777a: 158, 1777b: 346=446; Although Schodde (ll.cc.) rejected the Forster G. Forster 2007: 131, 528). There it becomes clear names because of now-suspended applications that hypopolius does apply to the kaka (Schodde to the International Commission on Zoological et al. 2007; contra McAllan 2007), its original Nomenclature to suppress them, McAllan (l.c.) description amplified to “very large, greyish-green, persisted in advocating a change from spadicea with a reddish breast” (G. Forster 1777a: 158; G. Latham, 1801 to argetraea J.R. Forster, 1794 for the Forster 2007: 131). Columba argetraea, as commonly Norfolk Island fruit pigeon. The purpose of this surmised, applies to the New Zealand Pigeon, note is to settle the application of the Forster names Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) (also published in 1794 for Norfolk Island birds, hereafter Salvadori 1893: 237; Sharpe 1906: 193; Lysaght called collectively “the Forster names”. 1959: 304); according to the younger Forster (1777: Of the Forster names, Psittacus euchlorus and the 346=446), “the pigeon” on Norfolk Island “was four seabird names are nomina nuda, or previously exactly the same” as the one in New Zealand. published, and they have no potential impact on The third name, Motacilla ventilabrum, applies to current nomenclature. Although euchlorus Wagler the New Zealand fantail group, for which Rhipidura ex J.R. Forster, with type locality Tonga, applied fuliginosa (Sparrman, 1787) (melanistic morph) to Vini australis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) when first and Rhipidura flabellifera (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) (pied availably published (Wagler 1832: 565; also J.R. morph) are both synonyms (e.g. Lichtenstein 1844: Forster in Lichtenstein 1844: 160; Salvadori 1891: 86 (footnote); Sharpe 1879: 309; Mathews 1930: 481, 44), the younger Forster’s diary of Cook’s second 1943: 165). Like ventilabrum, they were also described voyage (G. Forster 1777a: 158, 1777b: 346=446; G. from Cook’s second voyage. The connection between Forster 2007: 131, 528) shows that both Norfolk flabellifera and ventilabrum, which the elder Forster Island and New Zealand red-fronted parakeets later referred to Muscicapa (in Lichtenstein 1844: (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae (Sparrman) sensu lato) 86), is clarified by Latham’s English description of had been implicated in the minds of the Forsters as the fan-tailed flycatcher (Latham 1783: 340) = J.F well (Steinheimer in prep.). Muscicapa dipapha J.R. Gmelin’s Muscicapa flabellifera (J.F. Gmelin 1789: 943). Forster, 1794, its specific epithet probably an error It matches much of the elder Forster’s independent, for dibapha but nonetheless correct under Arts. 32.2 Latinised account of ventilabrum almost word and 32.5 of the International Code of Zoological for word through most paragraphs (cf. Forster Nomenclature (1999), is available by description in Lichtenstein 1844: 86), and credits Forster with (Art. 12.1, cf. Art. 72.3). Yet it is a junior objective providing the information on behaviour.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Play in Kaka (Nestor Meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor Notabilis)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 2004 Social Play in Kaka (Nestor meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor notabilis) Judy Diamond University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Alan B. Bond University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibehavior Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons Diamond, Judy and Bond, Alan B., "Social Play in Kaka (Nestor meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor notabilis)" (2004). Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences. 34. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibehavior/34 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Behaviour 141 (2004), pp. 777-798. Copyright © 2004 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Used by permission. Social Play in Kaka (Nestor meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor notabilis) Judy Diamond University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Alan B. Bond School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Corresponding author—J. Diamond, [email protected] Summary Social play in the kaka (Nestor meridionalis), a New Zealand parrot, is described and contrasted with that of its closest relative, the kea (Nestor notabilis), in one of the first comparative studies of social play in closely related birds. Most play ac- tion patterns were clearly homologous in these two species, though some con- trasts in the form of specific play behaviors, such as kicking or biting, could be attributed to morphological differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Social Learning in a Wild Mountain Parrot, the Kea (Nestor Notabilis)
    Learning & Behavior 2004, 32 (1), 62-71 Testing social learning in a wild mountain parrot, the kea (Nestor notabilis) GYULA K. GAJDON, NATASHA FIJN, and LUDWIG HUBER University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Huber, Taborsky, and Rechberger (2001) reported an experiment in which the efficiency with which captive keas opened a complex food container was increased by observation of a skilled conspecific. However, only testing social learning in free-ranginganimals can demonstrate social learning in natural conditions. For that purpose, a tube-lifting paradigm was developed and testedon keas both in captivity and in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. The task was to remove a tube from an upright pole in order to gain access to a reward inside the tube. The top of the pole was higher than a standing kea, so that, to remove the tube, an individual had to simultaneously climb onto the pole and manipulate the tube up the pole with its bill. Because only 1 naive bird managed to remove a tube twice in 25 half- hour sessions and disappeared after success, another bird was trained to solve the task and to provide demonstrations for others. Even under such conditions, only 2 of at least 15 birds learned to remove the tube in 28 sessions. There was no indication that observer birds’ use of bill and feet when explor- ing the tube changed as the number of observations of tube removal increased in a way that would, in principle, increase the likelihood of tube removal. The results suggest a dissociation of social learning potential as assessed in laboratory animals, and social transmission of foraging techniques in natural populations.
    [Show full text]
  • According to Dictionary
    Extinction: The Parrots We’ve Lost By Desi Milpacher The definition of extinction is “the act or process of becoming extinct; a coming to an end or dying out: the extinction of a species.” Once extinction has been determined, there is usually no chance of a species recurring in a given ecosystem. In mankind’s active history of exploration, exploitation and settlement of new worlds, there has been much loss of natural resources. Parrots have suffered tremendously in this, with over twenty species having been permanently lost. And there are many more that are teetering on the edge, towards the interminable abyss. In this article we find out what happened to these lost treasures, learn which ones are currently being lost, and why this is important to our world. The Old and New Worlds and Their Lost Parrots Little is known of the natural history of most of the world’s extinct parrots, mainly because they disappeared before in-depth studies were conducted on them. It is generally believed, save the Central American macaws which were least known, that most fed on diets similar to today’s parrots (leaves, blossoms, seeds, nuts and fruits), frequented heavy forested areas and nested mainly in tree cavities. A number could not fly well, or were exceptionally tame, leading to their easy capture. Nearly all of these natural treasures vanished between the 18th and early 20th centuries, and the main reason for their loss was overhunting. Some lesser causes included egg collecting (popular with naturalists in the 19th century), diseases (introduced or endemic), drought, natural disasters, predation by introduced species, and habitat alternation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Timing of Diversification Within the Most Divergent Parrot Clade
    Journal of Avian Biology 45: 140–148, 2014 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2013.00200.x © 2013 T e Authors. Journal of Avian Biology © 2013 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Martin Paeckert. Accepted 25 October 2013 The timing of diversifi cation within the most divergent parrot clade Frank E. Rheindt , Les Christidis , Sylvia Kuhn , Siwo de Kloet , Janette A. Norman and Andrew Fidler F. E. Rheindt ([email protected]), Dept of Biological Sciences, National Univ. of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 129801, Singapore, and: Dept of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard Univ., USA. – L. Christidis, National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross Univ., Australia, and: Dept of Genetics, Univ. of Melbourne, Australia. – S. Kuhn, Max Planck Inst. for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany. – S. de Kloet, Animal Genetics Inc., Tallahassee, Florida, USA. – J. A. Norman, Dept of Genetics, Univ. of Melbourne, Australia. – A. Fidler, Inst. of Marine Science, Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand. T e Strigopidae are an ancient parrot (Psittaciformes) family consisting of three extant species placed in two genera ( Nestor, Strigops ) and restricted to New Zealand. T eir evolutionary history is clouded because the timing of divergence events within this family has variously been attributed to Pleistocene climate change or much earlier earth-historic events. Here we examine new psittaciform DNA sequence data, and combine them with previously published sequences, to shed light on the poorly understood timing of diversifi cation within the Strigopidae. Using calibrations indirectly derived from both psittaciform and non-psittaciform fossils, our data indicate a Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene (ca 1.2 – 3.6 mya) diff erentiation between the two Nestor species (kea and kaka), possibly in response to shifts in habitat distribution associated with sea level fl uctuations.
    [Show full text]
  • Kea-Kaka Population Viability Assessment ·-~~;;.-.,;,,~
    KEA-KAKA POPULATION VIABILITY ASSESSMENT ·-~~;;.-.,;,,~ The work of the Captive Breeding Specialist Group is made possible by generous contributions from the following members of the CBSG rnstitutional Conservation Council: Conservators ($10,000 and above) Cologne Zoo Stewards ($500-$999) Sponsors ($50-$249) Anheuser-Busch Corporation El Paso Zoo Aalborg Zoo African Safari Australian Species Management Program Federation of Zoological Gardens of Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Apenheul 7..oo. Chicago Zoological Society Great Britain and Ireland BanhamZoo Belize Zoo Columbus Zoological Gardens Fort Wayne Zoological Society Copenhagen Zoo Claws 'n Paws Denver Zoological Gardens Gladys Porter Zoo Cotswold Wildlife Park Darmstadt Zoo Fossil Rim Wildlife Center Indianapolis Zoological Society Dutch Federation of Zoological Gardens Dreher Park Zoo Friends of Zoo Atlanta Japanese Association of Zoological Parks Erie Zoological Park Fota Wildlife Park Greater Los Angeles Zoo Association and Aquariums Fota Wildlife Park Great Plains Zoo International Union of Directors of Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust Givskud Zoo Hancock House Publisher Zoological Gardens Lincoln Park Zoo Granby Zoological Society Kew Royal Botanic Gardens Lubee Foundation The living Desert Knoxville Zoo Nagoya Aquarium Metropolitan Toronto Zoo Marwell Zoological Park National Geographic Magazine National Audubon Society-Research Minnesota Zoological Garden Milwaukee County Zoo National Zoological Parks Board Ranch Sanctuary New York Zoological Society NOAHS Center of South
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Establishing North Island Kākā (Nestor Meridionalis Septentrionalis
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Re-establishing North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in New Zealand A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Conservation Biology Massey University Auckland, New Zealand Tineke Joustra 2018 ii For Orlando, Aurora and Nayeli “I don’t want my children to follow in my footsteps, I want them to take the path next to me and go further than I could have ever dreamt possible” Anonymous iii iv Abstract Recently there has been a global increase in concern over the unprecedented loss of biodiversity and how the sixth mass extinction event is mainly due to human activities. Countries such as New Zealand have unique ecosystems which led to the evolution of many endemic species. One such New Zealand species is the kākā (Nestor meridionalis). Historically, kākā abundance has been affected by human activities (kākā were an important food source for Māori and Europeans). Today, introduced mammalian predators are one of the main threats to wild kākā populations. Although widespread and common throughout New Zealand until the 1800’s, kākā populations on the mainland now heavily rely on active conservation management. The main methods of kākā management include pest control and re-establishments. This thesis evaluated current and past commitments to New Zealand species restoration, as well as an analysis of global Psittacine re-establishment efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • Kea (Nestor Notabilis) Care Manual
    Kea (Nestor notabilis) CARE MANUAL CREATED BY THE AZA Kea Species Survival Plan® Program IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE AZA Parrot Taxon Advisory Group Kea (Nestor notabilis) Care Manual Kea (Nestor notabilis) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in collaboration with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Kea Species Survival Plan (Nestor notabilis). (2020). Kea Care Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Original Completion Date: July 1, 2019 Kea (Nestor notabilis) Care Manual Coordinator: Kimberly Klosterman, Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Senior Avian Keeper, Kea SSP Vice Coordinator Authors and Significant Contributors: Krista Adlehart CRM, Woodland Park Zoo, Animal Management Registrar Amanda Ardente NVM, PhD, Walt Disney World, University of Florida, Nutrition Fellow Jackie Bray, MA Zoology CPBT-KA, Raptor Incorporated, Associate Director Cassandre Crawford MM, Northwest Local School District, Orchestra Director, Kea SSP Volunteer Thea Etchells, Denver Zoo, Bird Keeper Linda Henry, Board Member of Zoological Lighting Institute, SeaWorld San Diego Phillip Horvey, Sedgwick County Zoo, Senior Zookeeper, Masked Lapwing SSP Coordinator and Studbook Keeper Cari Inserra, San Diego Zoo, Lead Animal Trainer Kimberly Klosterman, Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Senior Avian Keeper, Kea Care Manual Coordinator, Vice Coordinator Kea SSP Program Jessica Meehan, Denver Zoo, Bird Keeper, Kea SSP Coordinator and Studbook Keeper Jennifer Nollman DVM, Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Associate Veterinarian Catherine Vine, Philadelphia Zoo, Avian Keeper Reviewers: Raoul Schwing PhD, Head of Kea Lab & Infrastructure Project Manager, Messerli Research Institute, University of Vienna, AU Tamsin Orr-Walker, BAAT, Co-founder, Trustee & Chair of Kea Conservation Trust, South Island Community Engagement Coordinator, NZ Nigel Simpson, EAZA Kea EEP Coordinator, Head of Operations, Wild Place Project, Bristol Zoological Society, UK Dr.rer.nat Gyula K.
    [Show full text]
  • Avifauna from the Emily Bay Settlement Site, Norfolk Island: a Preliminary Account
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2001 Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 27 (2001): 85–100. ISBN 0 7347 2305 9 Avifauna from the Emily Bay Settlement Site, Norfolk Island: A Preliminary Account RICHARD N. HOLDAWAY1 AND ATHOLL ANDERSON2 1 Palaecol Research, PO Box 16569, Christchurch, New Zealand [email protected] 2 Department of Archaeology & Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The avifauna of the Emily Bay settlement site, Norfolk Island, southwest Pacific, is described. Most of the remains, which consisted of nearly 10,000 identifiable bones (mostly fragmentary) and several thousand unidentifiable elements and fragments, were of several species of petrel and shearwater (Procellariiformes) and boobies (Sulidae), but some land birds were also represented in small numbers. Two species of migratory wading bird (Charadriiformes) were identified in the deposits, but no terns, which are dominant members of the present avifauna. The taphonomy of the remains indicates intensive use of birds as food, but some material of other than cultural origin was also present. Remains were not distributed evenly throughout the excavated parts of the site, and were concentrated in areas where other evidence such as post holes and fires scoops indicated points of occupation. Some species that are present on the island and palatable were not represented in the collections: possible reasons for their absence are canvassed. An estimate of the biomass is presented, with the proviso that the variation in density of deposition made extrapolation to the remainder of the site problematic. The size of the sample, the preservation of elements such as vertebrae of small petrels, and the good condition of material of apparent natural (non-cultural) origin indicate that the collection represents a good sample of the avifauna used as food by the Polynesian inhabitants of Emily Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 §4-71-6.5 List of Restricted Animals [ ] Part A: For
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF RESTRICTED ANIMALS [ ] PART A: FOR RESEARCH AND EXHIBITION SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Hirudinea ORDER Gnathobdellida FAMILY Hirudinidae Hirudo medicinalis leech, medicinal ORDER Rhynchobdellae FAMILY Glossiphoniidae Helobdella triserialis leech, small snail CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Haplotaxida FAMILY Euchytraeidae Enchytraeidae (all species in worm, white family) FAMILY Eudrilidae Helodrilus foetidus earthworm FAMILY Lumbricidae Lumbricus terrestris earthworm Allophora (all species in genus) earthworm CLASS Polychaeta ORDER Phyllodocida FAMILY Nereidae Nereis japonica lugworm PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Arachnida ORDER Acari FAMILY Phytoseiidae 1 RESTRICTED ANIMAL LIST (Part A) §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Iphiseius degenerans predator, spider mite Mesoseiulus longipes predator, spider mite Mesoseiulus macropilis predator, spider mite Neoseiulus californicus predator, spider mite Neoseiulus longispinosus predator, spider mite Typhlodromus occidentalis mite, western predatory FAMILY Tetranychidae Tetranychus lintearius biocontrol agent, gorse CLASS Crustacea ORDER Amphipoda FAMILY Hyalidae Parhyale hawaiensis amphipod, marine ORDER Anomura FAMILY Porcellanidae Petrolisthes cabrolloi crab, porcelain Petrolisthes cinctipes crab, porcelain Petrolisthes elongatus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes eriomerus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes gracilis crab, porcelain Petrolisthes granulosus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes japonicus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes laevigatus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes
    [Show full text]
  • Meet the 'Hercules Parrot' from Prehistoric New Zealand – the Biggest Ever Discovered
    17/06/2020 Meet the 'Hercules parrot' from prehistoric New Zealand – the biggest ever discovered Support accurate, fact-based coverage on COVID-19. Donate Academic rigour, journalistic flair Meet the ‘Hercules parrot’ from prehistoric New Zealand – the biggest ever discovered August 7, 2019 9.13am AEST Author Trevor H. Worthy Associate professor, Flinders University Heracles inexpectatus on the forest floor, with three small wrens foraging at its feet. Brian Choo, Author provided Say hello to Heracles inexpectatus, a parrot the size of a human child. But don’t worry, you won’t meet one face to face. Our new discovery, published today, lived around 20 million years ago in what is now New Zealand – adding to the islands’ rich and storied collection of remarkable bird species. Heracles was truly a giant among birds. It was about 1m long, stood 80-90cm tall, and weighed about 7kg. That makes it about the same size as a dodo, and far bigger than its modern-day cousin, the kākāpō. Unsurprisingly, given its heft, it was likely also flightless. https://theconversation.com/meet-the-hercules-parrot-from-prehistoric-new-zealand-the-biggest-ever-discovered-121437 1/3 17/06/2020 Meet the 'Hercules parrot' from prehistoric New Zealand – the biggest ever discovered Read more: Tall turkeys and nuggety chickens: large 'megapode' birds once lived across Australia Islands are renowned for huge birds, perhaps none more so than New Zealand. Its fame in this regard began in 1839, when the English scientist Richard Owen first revealed the giant moa to the scientific world. In the next few years, many species of moa were named; now there are nine species in six genera, making them the world’s largest grouping of flightless birds.
    [Show full text]
  • SHORT NOTE Kea (Nestor Notabilis) – Another North Island Human
    174 Notornis, 2014, Vol. 61: 174-176 0029-4470 © The Ornithological Society of New Zealand Inc. SHORT NOTE Kea (Nestor notabilis) – another North Island human-caused extinction ALAN J.D. TENNYSON* Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand LUKE J. EASTON Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand JAMIE R. WOOD Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand In historic times, natural populations of the endemic The first record was discovered while re- kea (Nestor notabilis) have been restricted to the housing the large Poukawa fossil bone collection in South Island of New Zealand. Although there have the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa been a few recent records of the species from the (NMNZ) in 2001 - AJDT identified a left humerus North Island, these have all been individual vagrant (NMNZ S.18399) and a left ulna (NMNZ S.21509) birds which may have originated from local captive as kea, using comparative material in the NMNZ populations (Cunningham 1974). In addition to collections. Poukawa is a lowland (21 m a.s.l.) wetland these sightings, there is a single prehistoric record of deposit in the Hawke's Bay, eastern North Island, kea from the North Island, described by Holdaway that spans the last c.7,000 years (Horn 1983). Pollen & Worthy (1993; Canterbury Museum AV 18389) evidence shows that in pre-human times the local from a cave in the Waitomo area. However, they vegetation was dominated by kahikatea (Dacrycarpus concluded from its age (Otiran, Late Pleistocene), dacrydioides) forest (McGlone 1978).
    [Show full text]
  • Research Summary and Options for Conservation of Kaka (Nestor Meridionalis)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CiteSeerX Research summary and options for conservation of kaka (Nestor meridionalis) DOC SCIENCE INTERNAL SERIES 178 T.C. Greene, R.G. Powlesland, P.J. Dilks and L. Moran Published by Department of Conservation PO Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand DOC Science Internal Series is a published record of scientific research carried out, or advice given, by Department of Conservation staff or external contractors funded by DOC. It comprises reports and short communications that are peer-reviewed. Individual contributions to the series are first released on the departmental website in pdf form. Hardcopy is printed, bound, and distributed at regular intervals. Titles are also listed in the DOC Science Publishing catalogue on the website, refer http://www.doc.govt.nz under Publications, then Science and Research. © Copyright July 2004, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 1175–6519 ISBN 0–478–22578–4 In the interest of forest conservation, DOC Science Publishing supports paperless electronic publishing. When printing, recycled paper is used wherever possible. This report was prepared for publication by DOC Science Publishing, Science & Research Unit; editing and layout by Geoff Gregory. Publication was approved by the Manager, Science & Research Unit, Science Technology and Information Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington. CONTENTS Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Research summary 6 2.1 Impact of large-scale pest control operations 6 2.2 Identification of significant threats 9 2.3 Methods of assessing population size 11 2.4 General ecology 12 2.5 Re-establishment of kaka populations 13 3.
    [Show full text]