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Poverty Opinion in Julio Moreno 2030 Article ECORFAN Journal ECONOMY June 2014 Vol.5 No.12 2030-2042 Poverty incidence in the Province of Santa Elena: Poverty opinion in Julio Moreno OLIVES- Juan, CARCELÉN- Francisca, BENAVIDES- Arturo, ALEJANDRO- Carola Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, La Libertad, Ecuador. Received November 21, 2012; Accepted March 22, 2013 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ This paper presents a comparative analysis of the development variables involving poverty reduction, with the statistical information is to identify relevant aspects of spatial inequality within the province of Santa Elena for the different trends and conditions set poverty experienced some peninsular parishes regarding the cantonal capitals and nearby parishes to these urban spaces. Poverty, NBI, Ecuador, Humand Development ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Citation: Olives J, Carcelén F, Benavides A, Alejandro C. Poverty incidence in the Province of Santa Elena: poverty opinion in Julio Moreno .ECORFAN Journal 2014, 5-12: 2030-2042 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ † Researcher contributing first author. © ECORFAN Journal-Mexico www.ecorfan.org 2031 Article ECORFAN Journal ECONOMY June 2014 Vol.5 No.12 2030-2042 Introduction The process of change of the Ecuadorian State Statistics show that in Latin America generates a favorable situation to understand there has been a significant reduction in the impact of social policies.It has been poverty, although it remains one of the most expanded the Access to databases, especially unequal regions in the world. According to the public nature data with processed statistics ECLAC the major inequalities are territorial, of primaly sourcesand, also with access to data between groups and several dimensions of from different census and socioeconomic human development. Despite the progress in surveys, conducted periodically in the country. the HDI (ANNEX), these gaps may hide This process joins the priority to generate significant difficulties in terms of the knowledge in the state policy. achievement of human development. (ECLAC 2010). Despite the National progress, significant gaps remain in the availability of Ecuador shows encouraging results and local processed information (provincial, is presented as a country that reduced poverty cantonal, parish), which is certainly a barrier in and inequality (measured by the Gini index in the evaluation and diagnostication of variation); however despite these advances, the improvements in the intitutional actuating and Ecuadorian society is still far from achieving execution of policies in the territory. the ideal situation of justice and social equity. One of the relevant aspects of this study The study also attempts to identify is the ability to articulate the interdisciplinary relevant aspects of territorial inequality inside capacities in the Organization and Development the province of Santa Elena, expressed in Community (Faculty of Social Sciences and different development and poverty experienced Health) of the Universidad Estatal Península de that are living some peninsular parishes respect Santa Elena, to review the variables that to the county seats and parishes near these influence the development conditions of the urban spaces. Province of Santa Elena. This study starts with a review of Considering the great efforts in the general literature to conceptualize poverty and country to eradicate poverty, this paper reviews inequality. Poverty is analyzed in terms of the behavior of this variable in Ecuador in incomes and unsatisfied basic needs, from data recent decades, with the information from the provided by the census of Polpulation and National Census of Population and Housing of Housing since 1990. In the case of Santa Elena, 1990. both analysis and census data have been reinforced with the Land management plan of At the same time, is set a comparative the Province 2012-2021, a document with an analysis of the behavior of this variable with the important economic, political and social data from the Province of Santa Elena, making diagnosis. a review of intercensal level periods and series of time from the last years, relating these behaviors with some relevant historical aspects on the mainland. ISSN-Print: 2007-1582- ISSN-On line: 2007-3682 Olives J, Carcelén F, Benavides A, Alejandro C. Poverty ® ECORFAN All rights reserved. incidence in the Province of Santa Elena: Poverty opinion in Julio Moreno. 2032 Article ECORFAN Journal ECONOMY June 2014 Vol.5 No.12 2030-2042 Historical and theoretical context Likewise, the United Nations Development References related to poverty are diverse () and Programme (UNDP) notes that "poverty refers they have been adapted over time from diverse to the provisions of those in households to ideological currents, taking into account other satisfy their basic needs" but also related to the aspects that affect the people and dynamic "absence of certain individual and collective societies, becoming a multidimensional concept capabilities" (1997). It is incorporated other and a permanent construction. elements and is associated to "the deprivation of the most fundamentalopportunities and Both the concept and the measurement choices of human development: live a healthy, of poverty have significantly evolved creative and long life to enjoy a decent standard ();povertysituations in developing countries of living, freedom, self-respect and others have raised demands of conceptualization, "(SIISE, 2001) proposals that exceed the theoretical frameworks, leading to obtain ambiguous The World Bank definition also results. However, the concept still has a associated the poverty to the lack of resources descriptive meaning of a social situation and for needed to ensure the wellbeing material but that reason it should be studied within the highlighting issues such as the access to food, framework of a theory of income distribution housing, land and other assets "Poverty entails a and social inequalities in general (Altimir lack of resources which leads to hunger and 1979). physical deprivation "(University of Guayaquil, 2002). Traditionally poverty has been regarded as the absence or lack of wellbeing expressed in Another approach, which emphasizes a structural situation that prevents people consumption asan appearance, is part of the satisfy their basic needs, by excluding them methodology of the Integrated System of Social from the minimum threshold to expand their Indicators of Ecuador (SIISE), which human potential. Poverty is the lack and denial considered as poor "those who belong to of the prerequisites for human development households whose per capita consumption in a (Larrea, 2006). The emphasis on meeting basic given period is below to the poverty line, which needs (NB) is present in the methodological is understood as the monetary equivalent of the orientation of studies sponsored by cost of a basic basket of goods and services per international organizations such as the person per period of time (usually fortnightly or Economic Commission for Latin America and monthly) "(SIISE, 2001). the Caribbean (ECLAC), which conceives poverty as the situation affecting households The cited references are the that fail, relatively stable, the necessary multidimensional nature of poverty, the variety resources to satisfy the basic needs of its of factors that can determine it and extensive members. As aresult these people or groups do network of institutional actors who analyze it. not reach an adequate physical and psychological development and therefore do not have access to the diverse economic, social and cultural possibilities of modern society (ECLAC, 1997) ISSN-Print: 2007-1582- ISSN-On line: 2007-3682 Olives J, Carcelén F, Benavides A, Alejandro C. Poverty ® ECORFAN All rights reserved. incidence in the Province of Santa Elena: Poverty opinion in Julio Moreno. 2033 Article ECORFAN Journal ECONOMY June 2014 Vol.5 No.12 2030-2042 This obviously gives rise to a variety of ways to Which is the monetary equivalent of the measure it, between estimations based on cost of a basic basket of goods and services income, consumption, unmet basic needs, high (SIISE 2001). levels of inequality, low levels of education, low level of institutionalization, low Aplication of the case study productivity of the economy, among others. The study assumes as a valorative framework, In Latin America the predominant forms to that the poverty is a situation in which there is estimate the incidence of poverty is based on absolute or relative deprivation of the the Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) whose satisfaction of a set of central human needs, definition, described in studies of the Andean both psychological and political material Community of Nations and SIISE, considers (Hammarskjold Report, 1975; Ghai, 1977). with poverty level to households which may However, given the availability of information have one of the following conditions (Mideros and technical legal, instances that handle the 2012). policy management in our country, this first analysis of poverty from the two most common - Housing with inadequate physical methods of measurement1: one based on the characteristics. levels of income (Y) and the other based on the unsatisfied basic needs (NBI), identifying
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