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Gabriela Mistral GABRIELA MISTRAL A CIEN ANOS DE SU NACIMIENTO 1889 - 1989 BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DIRECCION DE BIBLIOTECAS, ARCHIVOS Y MUSEOS SANTIAGO - CHILE G DE su EXPOSICION DIRECTOR DE BIBLIOTECAS, ARCHIVOS Y MUSEOS Mario Arnello Romo COORDINACION GENERAL GABRIELA YMUSEOGRAFIA MISTRAL Santiago Arhguiz SBnchez GUION LITEM10 Mario Fdas Andrade A CIEN AROS INVESTIGADORES MIEklFiROS DE LA COMISION CENTENARIO- DE SU NACIMIENTO NATALICIO DE GABRIELA MISTRAL Pedro Pablo Zegers Mario An& Sdazar 1889 - 1989 Mario Fdas Andrade DEER0 GRAFICO Jaime Alegria Herrpra Rodrigo Mpez de Arechaga Saintis PRODUCCION Depto. hriaThica y Publicadones FOTOGRAFIA Archivo de la Direcci6n de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Mum LABORATORIO FOTOGRAFICO Antonio Larrea FOTOGRAFIAS DEL CATALOG0 Juan Char Astudillo BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DIRECCION DE BIBLIOTECAS. ARCHIVOS Y MUSEOS SANTIAGO - CHILE Presentaci6n ra la Biblioteca Nacional, custodia del aiio de Gabriela Mist que el verbo reclame su lugar de privilegio, y para que la palabra escrita, mani- rema de la identidad de una cultura, sea el instrumento comun en la valoracion n y en la construccion de su propio significado y de su destino. cdota, si no fuese una pasion vivida, una conviccion, una conciencia prn- forma de vida expresada devoradora y creadoramente. Per0 he ahi que a una ni- apenas catorce aiios, que trata de ser maestra de sus iguales -nifia solitaria, y timida, en cuyos ojos surgia la inteligencia y se asomaba una fuerte vo- n inquietud-, le abren las puertas y 10s libros de una biblioteca particular, sin orden ni concierto, los lee todos to itas transmiten; y el eco de ellas en la de su propio destino. Esa nifia er y con dolor, con grandeza y con miserias, con Y ma, ahah&: ternura, mor, o muerte, se hennanan en su nstante dimension telurica, y, tambikn, con e1 Bmbi metafisico, que otra de su poesh mntkne. de la patria chica y !as frontems de la patria grade. La Biblioteca Nacional, y bibliografica de Chile. dp glorias de la literat ekndencia. Ekte aiio-centenario del saber ser cuna y altavo 4 1945. Noviembre IZ Cabriela Mistral en la plaza Leblon de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, un din antes de embarcarse Estocolmo, Suecia, para Premio Nobel de L La Familia Los niiios se la querian, y 10s viejos y la hierba y la luz que ama la gracia, y la busca y la corteja’: GABRIELA MISTRAL 6 Evocacidn de la Madre EL PADRE: JUAN JERO JIM0 “Madre, en el fondo de tu vientre se hi- GODOY VILLANUEVA cieron en silencio mis ojos, mi boca, mis manos. Con tu sangre mas rica me rega- Don Juan Jerdnimo Godoy Villanueva, bas como el agua a las papillas del jacin- padre de Gabriela Mistral, nacib en San to, escondidas bajo la tierra. Mis senti- Felix (Copiap6), el 12 de septiembre de dos son tuyos y con Cste como prkstamo 1857. Aprendi6 las primeras letras en su de tu carne ando por el mundo. Alabada pueblo natal, y prosiguib sus estudios se- Juan Jiwinimo Codoy Villanue va, padre de seas por todo el esplendor de la tierra cundarios en el Seminario Diocesan0 de Gabriela Mivlral. Dapue.\ de una IYda dedicada que entra en mi y se enreda a mi cora- La Serena, en donde recibi6 una s5lida por entero a la ensetianza. falleciri en Copiapo en z6n. formacibn claSica con miras a1 sacerdo- 1911. a la edad de 52 ati0.s. Madre, yo he crecido como un fruto en cio: latin, griego, oratoria, filosofia, lite- la rama espesa, sobre tus rodillas profun- ratura, teologia. Educador nato, dotado das. Ellas llevan todavia la forma de mi \ de una poderosa vocaci6n tWa, “Dukrrnete Lucila que el mundo cuerpo; otro hijo no te la ha borrado; y poseedor de una vasta cultura y de un esta en calma tanto se habituaron a mecerme, que gran amor a 10s valores del espiritu, for- m6 generaciones de qtudiantes en el ni el cordero brinca, ni la oveja cuando yo coda por 10s caminos, ellas bala estaban alli, en el corredor de la casa, valle de Elqui, El Huasm, San Fhh, ”. tristes de no sentir mi peso (...). Quebraditas (Freirina)y Vallenar. Final- mente se radic6 en Tierra barilla y Las primeras canciones de cuna que me- Y a la par que mecias, me ibas cantando, fallecib en Copiap6 en 19 1 1, a la edad de cieron el sueiio de la pequeiia Lucila, y 10s versos no eran sin0 palabras tuyas 52 afios. En esa &oca, su hija Lucila fueron compuestas por su padre expresa- juguetonas, pretext0 para tus “mimos”. que trabajaba en el Lice0 de NiAas de mente para ella: En esas canciones tu me nombrabas las Traigukn, se habia convertido en presti- cosas de la tierra: 10s cerros, 10s frutos, giosa educadora y poeta. “Cuando a1 cielo elevas 10s pueblos, las bestiecitas del campo, co- tus ojos celestes mo para domiciliar a tu hija en el mun- iquikn te llama, dime, do, como para enumerarle 10s seres de la para alla tornar? familia tan extrafia en que la habian icon quiCn te sonries puesto a existir, y asi yo iba conociendo piadosa inocente tu duro y suave universo: no hay pa- cuando alzas alegre labrita nombradora de las criaturas que tus ojos alla? no aprendiera de ti. Las maestras que vi- iOh, dulce Lucila nieron despuks solo usaron de las vi- que en dias amargos siones y de 10s nombres hermosos que tu piadosos 10s cielos me habias entregado (...). te vieron nacer, quizas te reserve Gracias en este dia, y en todos 10s dias, para ti, hija por la capacidad que me diste de recoger mia, la belleza de la tierra como una agua que el bien que a tus padres se recoge con 10s 1abios.y tambikn por la no quiso ceder! riqueza de dolor que puedo llevar sin DuCrmete Lucila que el mundo esth en calma; morir en la hondura de mi corazon”. Ni el cordero brinca, ni la oveja bala”. 7 IN A En estr: periodo, Emelina constituye un Oasis de carifio y comprensi que Gabrie)a Mistral nunca olvidarh. Su fi- gum la eternizarii &os despuaS en 61 po- em “La ~~ rural”, del libro ‘‘Deso- M6n”. 8 LA SOBRINA: EL WBRINO: GRACIELA AMELIA JUAN MIGUEL BARRAZA MOLINA GODOY MENDONZA Graciela Amelia naci6 el 7 de marzo de Juan Mguel era sobrino de Gabriela 1903, del matrimonio formado por Eme- Mistral, hijo de su medio hermano lina Molina Alcayaga, media hermana Carlos Miguel Godoy. En 1929, cuando de la poetisa, con JOSC de la Cruz Barra- ella vivia en BeQarrides (Francia), tom6 za. Al nacer, su tia Lucila (Gabriela la tutoris del niflo, el cual le fue entrega- Mistral) solicit6 a su hermana que la lla- do por su padre. La madre, Martha mara “Gabriela”. Esta no acepto la pro- Mendom, habia fallecido de tuberculo- position aduciendo que en el pueblo la sis en Barcelona. El 14 de agosto de gente la conoceria como “Grabiela”. Re- 1943 Juan Miguel se quit6 la vida ingi- solvio entonces llamarla “Graciela”. riendo una fuerte dosis de &nico, se- gim atestigua el certificado de defunci6n extendido en Petrbpoh (Brad), lugar de su muerte, en don& vivia con la poetisa. , Juan Migucl Godoy Mendonza, (Yin Y Sobri no de la ooeitsa. cuva muerle acaecida en 1943 en Perropolk. Brasil. a la edad de 18 aiio,. causo en ella honda conmocirin Familiares de la poeiira: de izquierda a derecha, s-. sobrina Graciela Amalia Barraza Molina: su me- dia hermana: Emclina Molina Alca.vaga y su madre. Pctronila Alcajiaga Rqjas. Primeras publicaciones 10 ‘FAMILIA”. Revisto mensual ilusrroda. en CII- “ELEGANCIAS”. Revista femenina editada en ym pciginas fue ampti~~ented~un~i~o el triunfo Paris a comienzos de siglo. Su director, el poeta de Gabielo Mistral en 10s Juegos Floroles de San- Rubin Dan’o, otorgo placentera acogida a 10s poe- tiago en 1914. mas de Cabriela Mistral, 10s que aparecieron con bellas ilustraciones de Ppoca. PRluER POEMA CONOCIDO Entre 1895 y 1900 ingresa a la vida de Lucila una de sus primeras amigas, Do- lores Molirk, (Lola), quien sin saberlo desempfiar&un papel importante en la A ghesis de 10s motivos liricos de la futura Gabriela. La amistad nace dhido a las frecuentes visitas que Emelina Molina, media hemana de Lucila y hermana del padre de Dolores (Lola), realiza a La Se- rem, acompaAada de su pequefia her- mana, con el prop&ito de visitar a su padre don Rosendo Molina. A Dolores Molina detlica estos vem, 10s que probablemente fueron escritos entre 10s &os sedalados: ‘Wrnerose’! Revista literaria de Chill& en I# que, bajo el titulo “De La Sonetos de la Muerte‘: “L~HDiez ”. Revi.rta mensual de Literatura, Filo- Versos a Lola se imprimio en 1915 el soneto No XI. Sofia y Arte, en cuyas pdginasflgura el nombre de (Fragmento) Cabriela Mistral como principal colaboradora. Me encontraba en la prader Pensativa, triste y sola. Vi un dngel hermoso y era La mui candorosa Lola. 6.) Eres bello ruisefior r Que alegre canta en la ram Que manflesta su amor Al’aura que tanto le ama. - En pmeba de mi amistaa Te envio estos versos hoy ked y siempre amad A mi. L. G. 12 LICE0 DE NINAS PENS AMIENTOS 10. Cada repeticion de la orden de un PEDAGOGICOS jefe, por bondadosa que sea, es la 191 I TraiguCn: Profesora de Historia (Fragmento) amonestacion y la constancia de y Geografia. Esaitos para el Liceo una falta. 19 12 Antofagasta: Profesora de Histo- No 6 de Nifia de Santiago. 11. Mhs puede enseiiar un analfabeto ria e Inspectora General. que un ser sin honradez, sin Para las que enseiiamos: equidad. 1912 Los Andes: Profesora de Cas- tellano e Inspectora General.
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