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Wisteria Sinensis (Sims) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk DC

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Wisteria Sinensis (Sims) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk DC TAXON: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk DC. Taxon: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Family: Fabaceae Common Name(s): Chinese wisteria Synonym(s): Glycine sinensis Sims Chinese-glycine Kraunhia sinensis (Sims) Greene zi teng Wisteria sinensis var. alba Lindl. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 17 Jan 2018 WRA Score: 9.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Liana, Environmental Weed, Toxic, Smothering, Spreads Vegetatively Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 y 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 17 Jan 2018 (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Page 1 of 19 DC.) TAXON: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk DC. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 y 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 y Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 y 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 y growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 17 Jan 2018 (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Page 2 of 19 DC.) TAXON: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk DC. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [Hybrid cultivars are naturalized and invasive. No evidence of domestication] "Exotic Wisteria species are highly favoured for their horticultural qualities and have been cultivated in North America since the early 1800s. This study determines the identity, genetic diversity and hybrid status of 25 Asian Wisteria cultivars using plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Fifteen (60%) hybrid cultivars were identified. All of the ͚Wisteria sinensis͛cultivars Trusty, J. L., Lockaby, B. G., Zipperer, W. C., & Goertzen, L. sampled are hybrids with W. floribunda. Although W. sinensis and W. R. (2008). Horticulture, hybrid cultivars and exotic plant floribunda are recognized invasive species in the southeastern USA, invasion: a case study of Wisteria (Fabaceae). Botanical the relationships of horticultural cultivars to naturalized plants was Journal of the Linnean Society, 158(4), 593-601 previously unknown. Haplotype analysis of nuclear data identifies four haplotypes shared between cultivated stock and naturalized populations in the southeastern USA. In addition, US invasive haplotypes are present in New Zealand-derived cultivars although, to date, naturalized Wisteria has not been documented in New Zealand. Finally, these data are used to make recommendations to horticulturalists of select species cultivars which may be less likely to invade US landscapes." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native: USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Asia-Temperate 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online China: China - Henan, - Hebei, - Hubei, - Guizhou, - Shaanxi, - Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Yunnan, - Guangxi" [Accessed 11 Jan 2018] Creation Date: 17 Jan 2018 (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Page 3 of 19 DC.) TAXON: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk DC. Qsn # Question Answer 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 11 Jan 2018] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes "Hardiness: USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F) USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F) USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F) Dave's Garden. 2018. Wisteria Species, Chinese Wisteria - USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F) Wisteria sinensis. USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F) https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/55392/. [Accessed USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F) 16 Jan 2018] USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F) USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F)" Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds. 2010. Flora of "Mountain forests; ϱϬϬʹϭϴϬϬm" [Elevation distribution exceeds China. Vol. 10 (Fabaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and 1000 m in native range, demonstrating environmental versatility] Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Woodward, S. L. & Quinn, J. A. 2011. Encyclopedia of "Distribution in the United States. Both species are primarily in the Invasive Species: From Africanized Honey Bees to Zebra southeastern and eastern states, from Texas east to Florida, north to Mussels. Volume 2: Plants. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, Maine, and west to Michigan, Illinois, and Arkansas. Chinese wisteria California is considered more invasive and is also in Hawai͛i." Creation Date: 17 Jan 2018 (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Page 4 of 19 DC.) TAXON: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk DC. Qsn # Question Answer [Listed as naturalized & weedy in a number of locations, including tropical regions] "Wisteria sinensis ... Preferred Climate/s: Mediterranean, Subtropical, Tropical ... References: United States of America-E- 411, Pacific-W-3, United States of America-E-77, United States of America- E-80, Global-N-108, Global-W-85, United States of America-N-101, New Zealand-N- 280, United States of America-W- 112, United States of America-E-129, United States of America-E- 102, United Kingdom- C-314, Australia-E-380, United States of America-E-304, New Zealand-N-15, Spain- N-405, Italy-I-470, United States of America-I-628, Switzerland-N-653, North America-E-784, United States of America- E-151, Global-W-788, Hungary-U-809, Australia-W-853, New Zealand-N-919, India-N-976, France-N-1006, Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd Italy-N-1006, Portugal-N-1006, Spain-N-1006, Europe- N-819, New Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall Zealand-E-328, New Zealand- E-505, United States of America-W- 1103, Greece-U-1142, Spain-N-1149, United States of America-AE- 1156, United States of America-E-1244, Georgia-U-1250, Italy- U- 251, Hungary-U-1255, Italy-N-1265, La Reunion-W-1321, Sardinia-N- 1336, India- U-1345, Australia-N-1450, Spain-U-1454, Spain-N-1455, New Caledonia-I-1507, Norway-W-1609, Global-CD-1611, United States of America-E-1736, Croatia-N-1747, United States of America- I-1773, Sardinia- N-1393, Italy-U-1887, Romania-U-1905, Bosnia and Herzegovina-U-1987, Switzerland-U-1990, Croatia-U-2004, New Zealand-N-2048, Armenia-W-1977, Australia-W-1977, Croatia-W- 1977, France-W-1977, Greece-W-1977, India-W- 1977, Italy-W-1977, New Zealand-W- 1977, Norway-W-1977, Portugal-W-1977, Global-- 1324." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Woodward, S.
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