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Resolving Nomenclatural Ambiguity in South American Tephrosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae), Including the Description of a New Species

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Resolving Nomenclatural Ambiguity in South American Tephrosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae), Including the Description of a New Species CSIRO PUBLISHING Australian Systematic Botany, 2019, 32, 555–563 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB19011 Resolving nomenclatural ambiguity in South American Tephrosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae), including the description of a new species R. T. de Queiroz A,F, T. M. de Moura B,C, R. E. Gereau C, G. P. Lewis D and A. M. G. de Azevedo Tozzi E ADepartamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-090, Brazil. BDepartamento Ciências Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano (IF Goiano), Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, quilômetro 2.5, Urutaí, GO, 75790-000, Brazil. CMissouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. DComparative Plantand Fungal Biology Department,Royal BotanicGardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey,TW9 3AB, UK. EDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil. FCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Taxonomic studies of Tephrosia Pers. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae) in South America have highlighted the need to resolve some nomenclatural issues. Five new synonyms are proposed and a new species is described. Nine lectotypes of accepted names and synonyms, and one neotype, are here designated. An identification key to the taxa occurring in South America is also presented. Additional keywords: Fabaceae, lectotypification, synonymy, systematics, taxonomy. Received 20 February 2019, accepted 31 July 2019, published online 7 October 2019 Introduction T. egregia Sandwith, T. fertilis R.T.Queiroz & A.M.G. Tephrosia Pers. (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) comprises Azevedo, T. guaranitica Chodat & Hassl., T. hassleri Chodat, ~350 pantropically distributed species, occurring mainly in T. macbrideana R.T.Queiroz, G.P.Lewis & A.M.G.Azevedo, seasonally dry tropical woodlands, bushlands, thickets and T. marginata Hassl., T. noctiflora Bojer ex Baker, T. purpurea grasslands, often in open and disturbed sandy or rocky areas (L.) Pers. subsp. purpurea, T. senna Kunth, T. sessiliflora (Poir.) (Schrire 2005). It comprises two subgenera, namely, Tephrosia Hassl., and the new species described here, T. chaquenha subgenus Barbistyla Brummitt and Tephrosia subgenus R.T.Queiroz & A.M.G.Azevedo). Tephrosia. Tephrosia subg. Barbistyla has a pubescent style The species of Tephrosia in South America are shrubs and a glabrous stigma, whereas T. subg. Tephrosia has a or subshrubs with imparipinnate, multifoliolate, trifoliolate or pubescent stigma (Brummitt 1980). According to Schrire unifoliolate leaves. Inflorescences are terminal, axillary or (2005), the highest diversity for this genus is in Africa and leaf-opposed pseudoracemes; the calyx is campanulate; the Madagascar (~170 species), Australia (~90 spp.), Central and corolla is red, pinkish, purple, yellow, or white; and the ovary Tropical North America (~45 spp.) and Asia (~40 spp.). In South has 2–13 ovules. The fruit is a typical legume (Queiroz 2012). America, 18 taxa are recognised (Queiroz 2012). Bentham (1862) and Burkart (1952) noted that Tephrosia can be Most treatments of the species of Tephrosia in South easily recognised by its linear, elliptical, oblong or obovate America are in regional floras, e.g. Argentina (Burkart 1952), leaflets with numerous, parallel, oblique secondary veins. Brazil (Bentham 1862; Queiroz and Tozzi 2009, 2011; Brazilian Several species of Tephrosia are reported to have economic Flora Group 2015), Paraguay (Hassler 1919), Peru (Macbride importance. According to Forbes (1948), ~22 species have been 1943), Suriname (Amshoff 1939), and Venezuela (Pittier 1944). recorded as fish-poison plants. Wood (1949) noted that many Queiroz (2012) produced the only complete account of this genus species of this genus produce rotenone, a substance used to in South America, where Tephrosia subgenus Barbistyla is produce insecticides that are poisonous to invertebrates but not to represented by four species (Tephrosia candida DC., T. nitens most vertebrates, and Dzenda et al.(2007) reviewed the Benth., T. sinapou (Buc’hoz) A.Chev., and T. vogelii Hook.f.), ethnomedical and veterinary uses of T. vogelii, and mentioned and Tephrosia subg. Tephrosia comprises 14 taxa (T. adunca eight other species of Tephrosia with therapeutic properties. Benth., T. cinerea (L.) Pers., T. domingensis (Willd.) Pers., Compounds isolated from this genus include deguelin, rotenone, Journal compilation Ó CSIRO 2019 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND www.publish.csiro.au/journals/asb 556 Australian Systematic Botany R. T. de Queiroz et al. tephrosin, quercetin and rutin, which are reported as 3. Branches smooth, indumentum greyish; lenticels present on the antimicrobial and potentially able to kill molluscs, fish, branches; stipules 7–10-veined; leaflets oblanceolate; insects and helminths (Dzenda et al. 2007). pseudoracemes laxly flowered .....................................T. nitens During his revision of Tephrosia in South America, the first 3: Branches striate, indumentum rusty brown; lenticels absent on author analysed more than 3000 accessions in North American, the branches; stipules 5-veined; leaflets oblong, elliptic to Brazilian and European herbaria. Materials from the following narrowly elliptic; pseudoracemes with flowers congested........4 herbaria were studied: B, BAB, BHCB, BM, BR, C, CEN, 4. Leaflets elliptic to narrowly elliptic; bracts ovate, caducous; CGMS, COL, E, EAC, EAN, ESA, F, FHI, G, GH, GOET, calyx 4-lobed, calyx tube shorter than the lobes; standard 2.5–2.6 Â 3.0–3.2 cm, indumentum present on its abaxial HAL, HAS, HB, HEPH, HNBU, HRB, HRCB, HRJ, HST, – HUEFS, HUFMS, HUFU, IAC, IBGE, ICN, INPA, IPA, JPB, surface; legumes 10 20 mm wide, lanate ..............T. vogelii fl K,L,LP,M,MA,MBM,MG,MICH,MO,MOSS,NX,OUPR, 4: Lea ets narrowly oblong to oblong; bracts subulate to narrowly triangular, persistent; calyx with 5 lobes, calyx OXF, NY, P, PH, PAMG, PEUFR, RB, S, SI, SING, SP, SPF, tube longer than the lobes; standard 1.1–2.3 Â 1–2.4 cm, SPFR, TCD, TEPB, UB, UC, UEC, UFG, UFMT, UFRJ, UFRN, indumentum absent on its abaxial surface; legumes 3–10 mm UFP, UPCB, U, US, W and WU (codes follow Index Herbariorum, wide, strigose to sparsely velutinous ..................................5 ’ New York Botanical Garden s Virtual Herbarium, see http:// 5. Leaves with 13–21 leaflets; these acute at the apex, and sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih, accessed 22 February 2017). abaxially pubescent; inflorescence axis always longer This work has brought several nomenclatural issues to light. than the leaf length; pseudoraceme with up to As a result, we are here describing one new species, proposing 50 flowers; pedicel 0.8–1.5 cm long; calyx lobes nine lectotypes, one neotype, and five new synonyms. In rounded at apex; style apex straight; fruits laterally addition, an identification key to the taxa occurring in South flattened, 0.8–1 cm wide ................................T. candida America is presented. 5: Leaves with 27–39 leaflets; these retuse at the apex, and pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescence axis shorter than the leaf length; pseudoraceme with more than 50 Nomenclatural novelties flowers; pedicel 0.3–0.6 cm long; calyx lobes acute Tephrosia Pers., Syn. pl. 2(2): 328 (1807), nom. cons. at apex; style apex curved; fruits cylindrical, 4–5mm wide ..................................................................T. sinapou Type: Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. 2: Branches slender; strigilose, hirsute, sericeous, sparsely sericeous, Cracca L., Sp. pl. 2: 752 (1753), nom. rej., non Hill (1756), nec Medik. pilose, or glabrescent; style and stigma glabrous; aril absent on (1787), nec Benth. (1853). seed ................................................................................................... 6 Type: Cracca virginiana L. 6. Branches with a greyish indumentum or glabrescent ...............7 Colinil Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 327 (1763). 7. Branches sparsely sericeous to glabrescent; calyx lobes the Type: none. same length as the calyx tube .............................................8 fl – Erebinthus Mitch., Diss. Brev. Bot. Zool. 32 (1769), nom. rej. 8. Pseudoraceme laxly owered; calyx 4 5 mm long; corolla with dots; wings narrowly elliptic; leaflets rounded to Type: Tephrosia spicata (Walter) Torr. & A. Gray (fide acute at apex ........................................... T. domingensis C.Wood, Rhodora 51: 292 (1949)). 8: Pseudoraceme with flowers congested; calyx 5–7 mm long; Needhamia Scop., Intr. Hist. Nat. 310 (1777), nom. rej. corolla without dots; wings elliptic, falcate or obovate; fl Type: Vicia littoralis Jacq. lea ets retuse at apex ...........................................................9 9. Rachis 5 mm long; bracts over 3 mm long; wings Reineria Moench, Suppl. Meth. 44 (1802), nom. rej. 3-veined, claw over mm long; leaflets inserted Type: Reineria reflexa Moench. 1.5–2.2 cm apart, secondary veins salient on the Kiesera Reinw. ex Blume, Catalogus, 93 (1823). abaxial surface ............................................ T. senna – Type: Kiesera sericea Reinw. 9: Rachis 10 80 mm long; bracts up to 3 mm long; wings 2-veined, claw under 3 mm long; leaflets inserted Xiphocarpus C.Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 13 (1830). 0.6–1 cm apart, secondary veins not salient on the Type: Xiphocarpus martinicensis C.Presl. abaxial surface............................. T. purpurea subsp. Apodynomene E.Mey., Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr.
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