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The Perspective of Poetry Performance in Eastern Europe

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The Perspective of Poetry Performance in Eastern Europe www.idosr.org Goody ©IDOSR PUBLICATIONS International Digital Organization for Scientific Research. ISSN: 2550-7958. IDOSR JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND ENGLISH 5(2) 1-5, 2020. The Perspective of Poetry Performance in Eastern Europe Goody, Jack Department of Media and Communications, Aga Khan University, Pakistan. ABSTRACT In the second half of the twentieth century, poets and artists in Eastern Europe in particular took up the challenge of reflecting on and investigating the instrumentalization of language for communicative and political-ideological purposes. They did so by drawing attention to the made-ness of language, its materiality and mediality, and by creating performative situations for themselves and their audiences within which possibilities of verbal expression could be tested and acted out. Poetic performance makes the limits of language and speakability tangible. This review work will enlighten us on basic steps taken by the European countries in enhancing poetry performances in and Diaspora. Keywords: Poetry, Eastern Europe, Performance INTRODUCTION Poetry is a literature that evokes a yam-growing properties, and such magic concentrated imaginative awareness of as they may be thought capable of has experience or a specific emotional retired to do its business upon the human response through language chosen and spirit and not directly upon the natural arranged for its meaning, sound, and world outside. Formally, poetry is rhythm [1]. Poetry is a vast subject, as old recognizable by its greater dependence on as history and older, present wherever at least one more parameter, the line, religion is present, possibly under some than appears in prose composition [5]. definitions the primal and primary form This changes its appearance on the page; of languages themselves [2]. Naturally, and it seems clear that people take their not every tradition or every local or cue from this changed appearance, individual variation can be or need be reading poetry aloud in a very different included, but the article illustrates by voice from their habitual voice, possibly examples of poetry ranging between because, as Ben Jonson said, poetry nursery rhyme and epic. “speaketh somewhat above a mortal Poetry is the other way of using language mouth” [6]. If, as a test of this [3]. Perhaps in some hypothetical description, people are shown poems beginning of things it was the only way of printed as prose, it most often turns out using language or simply was language that they will read the result as prose tout court, prose being the derivative and simply because it looks that way; which is younger rival. Both poetry and language to say that they are no longer guided in are fashionably thought to have belonged their reading by the balance and shift of to ritual in early agricultural societies; the line in relation to the breath as well as and poetry in particular, it has been the syntax [7]. claimed, arose at first in the form of In the socialist states of Eastern Europe, magical spells recited to ensure a good with all of their differences, poetry and harvest [4]. Whatever the truth of this performance are characterized by a hypothesis, it blurs a useful distinction: double sub-culturality [8]. On the one by the time there begins to be a separate hand, they undermine the conventional class of objects called poems, perception of script and words as neutral recognizable as such, these objects are no means, which, on the other hand, was longer much regarded for their possible unacceptable against the cultural-political 1 www.idosr.org Goody backdrop, forcing them into the unofficial been speculated that some features that or partially tolerated cultural scene. distinguish poetry from prose, such as Form in poetry meter, alliteration and kennings, once Poetic form is more flexible in modernist served as memory aids for bards who and post-modernist poetry and continues recited traditional tales [14]. to be less structured than in previous Lyric poetry literary eras [9]. Many modern poets Lyric poetry is a genre that, unlike epic eschew recognizable structures or forms and dramatic poetry, does not attempt to and write in free verse. But poetry tell a story but instead is of a more remains distinguished from prose by its personal nature [15]. Poems in this genre form; some regard for basic formal tend to be shorter, melodic, and structures of poetry will be found in even contemplative. Rather than depicting the best free verse, however much such characters and actions, it portrays the structures may appear to have been poet's own feelings, states of mind, and ignored [10]. Similarly, in the best poetry perceptions. written in classic styles there will be Epic poetry departures from strict form for emphasis Epic poetry is a genre of poetry, and a or effect. Among major structural major form of narrative literature [16]. elements used in poetry are the line, the This genre is often defined as lengthy stanza or verse paragraph, and larger poems concerning events of a heroic or combinations of stanzas or lines such as important nature to the culture of the cantos. Also sometimes used are broader time. It recounts, in a continuous visual presentations of words and narrative, the life and works of a heroic or calligraphy [11]. These basic units of mythological person or group of persons poetic form are often combined into [17]. Examples of epic poems are Homer's larger structures, called poetic forms or Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, the poetic modes (see the following section), Nibelungenlied, Luís de Camões' Os as in the sonnet. Lusíadas, the Cantar de Mio Cid, the Epic In addition to specific forms of poems, of Gilgamesh, the Mahabharata, Valmiki's poetry is often thought of in terms of Ramayana, Ferdowsi's Shahnama, Nizami different genres and subgenres. A poetic (or Nezami)'s Khamse (Five Books), and genre is generally a tradition or the Epic of King Gesar. While the classification of poetry based on the composition of epic poetry, and of long subject matter, style, or other broader poems generally, became less common in literary characteristics [12]. Some the west after the early 20th century, commentators view genres as natural some notable epics have continued to be forms of literature. Others view the study written [1]. of genres as the study of how different Satirical poetry works relate and refer to other works. Poetry can be a powerful vehicle for satire Narrative poetry [5]. The Romans had a strong tradition of Narrative poetry is a genre of poetry that satirical poetry, often written for political tells a story. Broadly it subsumes epic purposes. A notable example is the poetry, but the term "narrative poetry" is Roman poet Juvenal's satires. The same is often reserved for smaller works, true of the English satirical tradition. John generally with more appeal to human Dryden (a Tory), the first Poet Laureate, interest. Narrative poetry may be the produced in 1682 Mac Flecknoe, subtitled oldest type of poetry [13]. Many scholars "A Satire on the True Blue Protestant Poet, of Homer have concluded that his Iliad T.S." (a reference to Thomas Shadwell) [7]. and Odyssey were composed of Another master of 17th-century English compilations of shorter narrative poems satirical poetry was John Wilmot, 2nd Earl that related individual episodes. Much of Rochester.Satirical poets outside narrative poetry such as Scottish and England include Poland's Ignacy Krasicki, English ballads, and Baltic and Slavic Azerbaijan's Sabir and Portugal's Manuel heroic poems is performance poetry with Maria Barbosa du Bocage [10]. roots in a preliterate oral tradition. It has Prose poetry 2 www.idosr.org Goody Prose poetry is a hybrid genre that shows radicalizing the intertwinement of poetics attributes of both prose and poetry [5]. It and politics and intervening into media may be indistinguishable from the micro- space. In contrast to the meta-linguistic story (a.k.a. the "short short story", "flash practices of Moscow Conceptualism, fiction"). While some examples of earlier Slovak conceptualist Ľubomír Ďurček deals prose strike modern readers as poetic, systematically with the contextual prose poetry is commonly regarded as meanings of a single word, such as the having originated in 19th-century France, word truth. He uses the page format as a where its practitioners included Aloysius limited model space, a performance area Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire, Arthur in miniature. Monogramist T.D‟s works Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé [18]. rather emphasize intimate processes of Since the late 1980s especially, prose writing, whose manipulation of figurative poetry has gained increasing popularity, language changes the word into a material with entire journals, such as The Prose image or spatial object. In his early work, Poem: An International Journal, starting with the first Hungarian Contemporary Haibun Online, and Haibun happening The Lunch [6], Tamás Today devoted to that genre and its Szentjóby styled himself a „poet at the hybrids. Latin American poets of the 20th typewriter.‟ For the Polish neo-avant- century who wrote prose poems include garde artist Andrzej Partum, postcards Octavio Paz and Giannina Braschi [9]. with provocative slogans, which he sent Writing-Reading Performance worldwide, were a form of postal Performance places the poetic text in a performance examining the meaning and situational context of production and weight of words. Thus the addressee and reception [1]. Beyond the printed word, his or her (often very creative) response typographic experiments evolve from a played a key role in Partum‟s postal physical process of writing by hand and actions [7]. It was a part of the producing texts by typewriter, which international Mail Art movement and themselves often gain the status of crucial element of the Poetry Office aesthetic objects [4]. The presentation of founded by Partum in Warsaw in 1971 [8].
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