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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03058-9 - The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context: Causes, Events, and Consequences Edited by Jeffrey D. Burson and Jonathan Wright Index More information

Index

Abarca de Bolea, Pedro Pablo, 14 Arrillaga, Immaculada Fernández, 260 Abbadie, Jacques, 42 Arte, y bocabulario de la lengua guaraní Academia et Universitas Vilnensis (Montoya), 92 Societatis Jesu (Vilnius), 266 – 67 Arteaga, Esteban, 258 – 59 Académie des Sciences (Paris), 267 Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais usada na costa Accademia degli Arcadi, 263 – 64 do Brasil (Anchieta), 92 Acquaviva, Claudio, 214 , 249 Aspicientes (Papal Bull), 25 – 26 Acta Sanctorum, 224 Astesan, Bishop, 145 – 46 Adam (Bible), 41 Atouguia, Count of, 121 Adams, John, 207 Attiret, Jean-Denis, 105 Ai, Simonelli, 104 Augustine (Saint), 19 , 20 Albertrandi, Jan Chrzciciel, 239 Augustinus (Jansen), 20 , 21 Alexander I (Russia), 202 – 3 Austracism, 258 , 259 Alexander VII (Pope), 20 , 23 , 28 Aveiro, Duke of, 121 Alfani, Monsignor, 173 Avilés, Gabriel de, 97 Almeida e Mendonça, Francisco de, 32 , 149 –50 Avogadro, Giovanni, 207 Almodóvar, Duke of, 257 – 58 Alnetanae quaestiones de Concordia (Huet), 43 Bahr, Florian, 105 , 106 – 7 , 108 , 111 American War of Independence, 256 – 57 Bailly, Philibert-Albert, 142 Amicizia Cristiana (Turin), 159 Balbis Bertone, Marco Aurelio, 145 – 46 Amiot, Jean Joseph Marie, 114 Barberis, Giovanni Antonio, 147 Anchieta, José de, 92 Barnabites, 255 Anderucci, Andrea, 169 – 70 Battle of Mbororé (1641), 86 Andrés, Juan, 250 , 251 , 252 , 256 , 258 – 59 Bayle, Pierre, 42 , 48 , 49 , 55 – 56 Aosta. See Savoy, suppression of Jesuits in Beales, Derek, 139 Apologetics, Jesuits and, 41 – 44 Beaumont, Christophe de Apostolic College of the Penitentiaries (St. Clement XIV and, 76 – 78 Peter’s), 161 , 174 on colleges, 75 – 76 Aquinas, Th omas, 41 , 254 – 55 as defender of Jesuits, 71 – 79 Aragona, Alonso de, 92 Enlightenment and, 59 , 60 , 61 , 63 Arakiełowicz, Grzegorz, 238 – 39 Gallicanism and, 73 Aranda, Count of, 14 , 128 – 29 , 130 – 31 Jansenism and, 65 , 66 , 69 Arapizandú (Guaraní chieftain), 87 Louis XV and, 73 , 74 , 75 – 77 Archetto (philo-Jansenists), 23 , 33 mandement of, 66 , 67 – 68 , 69 Archinto, Alberico, 26 – 27 on original sin, 67 – 68 Archivio di Statro (Turin), 139 overview, 10 , 65 – 66 Aristotle, 48 , 253 , 254 – 55 Parlement of Paris and, 66 – 67 , 68 – 69 , 72 – 75 Arnauld, Antoine (fi ls), 2 0 on preaching, 73 – 74 Arnauld, Antoine (père), 1 9 Rousseau, opposition to, 65 – 70 , 79 Arriaga, Julián de, 130 Unigenitus and, 65

285

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03058-9 - The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context: Causes, Events, and Consequences Edited by Jeffrey D. Burson and Jonathan Wright Index More information

286 Index

Beckers, Adam Brzozowski, Tadeusz in Amsterdam, 223 – 25 Beckers and, 223 – 26 arrival in Amsterdam, 216 – 19 in Poland, 238 on Belarus, 219 – 23 “Russian” Society of Jesus and, 205 – 7 , 208 , death of, 225 – 27 211 – 13 , 214 as Jesuit superior, 223 – 25 Bucareli, Antonio María, 134 on Netherlands, 219 – 23 Bucareli, Francisco de Paula, 84 – 86 overview, 3 , 216 – 19 , 227 – 28 B u ffi er, Claude, 42 , 43 , 50 – 51 , 60 , 61 – 62 Beckers, André, 227 B u ff on, Comte de, 257 , 268 , 269 , 270 – 71 , 276 Beckers, Christina, 219 Burigny, Jean Lévesque de, 55 Begheyn, Paul, 3 Burson, Jeff rey D., 5 , 7 , 8 Beijing Diocese, 111 – 12 , 113 – 14 Bustamante, José Lino Fábrega, 252 Belarus Butwiłowski, Józef, 241 Beckers on, 219 – 23 Jesuits in, 179 , 202 – 3 , 260 , 267 Cadalso, José, 257 – 58 “Russian” Society of Jesus (See “Russian” Cahiers des observations astronomiques faites Society of Jesus ) à l’observatoire royal de Vilna en 1773 Benedict XIV (Pope), 23 , 24 – 25 , 26 , 31 , (Poczobut), 238 120 – 21 , 123 Caissotti, Bishop, 145 – 46 Benisławski, Jan, 242 – 43 Calvaire, Jean Chrysostome, 224 Bergier, Nicolas-Sylvestre, 45 Calvert, Leonard, 203 Bernard, Jean Frédéric, 45 – 46 Calvinism, 20 , 22 Bernis, abbé de (Joachim-Pierre), 25 – 26 , 30 , 31 Campomanes, Pedro Rodríguez de Bernoulli, Daniel, 53 – 54 on Consejo Extraordinario, 128 – 29 Berruyer, Isaac Joseph, 61 – 62 expulsion of Jesuits and, 14 , 33 , 127 , 128 , Berthier, Guillaume-François, 62 , 190 , 196 129 – 30 , 131 – 32 , 248 Beschter, Johann, 205 , 209 – 10 , 212 – 13 , 214 as manteísta, 137 Bettinelli, Saverio, 258 – 59 Cao, Marcus, 104 Biblioteca Reale (Turin), 139 Carafa, Francesco, 173 Bida, Pierre Francois, 240 Carderón, 258 – 59 Bitouzey, Germain, 213 Carlos III (Spain) Boerhaave, Herman, 56 generally, 5 , 13 , 136 , 137 , 261 Bogino, Count, 142 Enlightenment and, 35 , 36 Bolea, Pablo Arabca de. See Aranda, Count of expulsion of Jesuits and, 14 , 33 , 83 , 127 , Bologna, Jesuits in, 249 , 251 128 – 30 , 135 , 248 , 268 Boniface VIII (Pope), 18 France, and suppression of Jesuits in, 185 Bordeu, Th éophile, 56 Carlos IV (Spain), 261 Borgo, Marquis del, 147 Carolina Maria (Austria), 222 Borowski, Ignacy Piotr Kasper, 241 Carroll, John, 205 , 208 , 209 – 10 , 211 , 212 – 13 , Boscovich, Ruggero Giuseppe, 255 , 224 , 225 263 – 66 , 275 Caruana, Louis, 9 Bottari, Giovanni Gaetano, 23 , 24 , 26 – 27 , 28 , Carvalho e Melo, Sebastião José de. See Pombal 32 , 34 , 36 (Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo ) Bougainville, Louis de, 62 Casali, Antonio, 173 Bourbon Family Pact, 36 Casnedi, Carlo Antonio, 125 – 26 Bourgeois, François, 111 , 112 – 13 , 114 – 15 Castiglione, Giuseppe, 105 Boursier, Laurent, 25 Castro Palau, Fernando de, 124 Boussel, Gabriel, 101 Catecismo en la lengua guaraní (Montoya), 92 Boyer, Jean-Baptiste de. See d’Argens, Marquis Catherine II (Russia) (Jean-Baptiste de Boyer ) generally, 179 Breve introducción para aprender la lengua Belarus and, 267 Guaraní (Aragona), 92 Jesuits and, 202 , 208 , 219 , 230 , 260 Britt, Adam, 205 , 209 – 10 , 212 – 13 , 224 – 25 Poland and, 242 – 43 Brotier, Gabriel, 185 Catholicae fi dei (Papal Bull), 202 – 3 , Brüsseler, Peter, 224 220 , 261

Index 287

“Catholic Enlightenment,” 40 – 41 , 58 , Clavijero, Francisco Javier, 258 , 259 – 60 , 268 – 69 , 232 – 33 , 254 270 – 71 , 276 Catholic League, 19 , 20 , 63 – 64 Clavius, Christopher, 262 Cavanilles, Antonio José, 257 – 58 Clément de Bizon, Augustin-Charles, 23 – 24 , 25 , Caylus, Charles de, 24 26 – 28 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 – 36 Cénaculo, Manual do, 118 Clement XI (Pope), 21 , 57 Ceppi, Adelaida Margherita, 147 Clement XIII (Pope) Ceratti, Gaspare, 23 , 24 , 25 generally, 169 Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les Beaumont and, 74 – 75 , 78 peuples du monde (Bernard and Picart), France, and suppression of Jesuits in, 17 , 45 , 46 26 – 27 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 184 Chadwick, Owen, 163 Paraquaria reductions and, 98 Challoner, Richard, 201 Savoy and, 150 Chapter of the Clergy, 204 Spain, and expulsion of Jesuits from, 135 Charles Emmanuel II (Savoy), 140 – 41 , 146 Th orpe on, 167 – 68 Charles Emmanuel III (Savoy), 142 , Clement XIV (Pope) 144 – 46 , 149 – 51 Beaumont and, 76 – 78 Chartier, Roger, 78 China, and suppression of Jesuits in, 110 Chastel, Jean, 71 death of, 179 Châtelet, Émilie de, 53 – 54 Dominus ac Redemptor (See Dominus ac Chauvelin, Henri-Philippe de, 16 , 17 , 30 , 34 – 35 Redemptor (Papal Brief) ) Chen, José, 104 Savoy and, 152 Chevaliers de la jubilation (Masonic suppression of Jesuits and, 36 , 201 , 216 society), 45 – 46 Th orpe on, 162 , 169 – 80 China, suppression of Jesuits in Clorivière, Pierre Picot de la, 197 – 98 Beijing Diocese and, 111 – 12 , 113 – 14 Cluj University, 243 by Chinese emperors, 102 – 3 Coffi n, Charles, 59 Chinese Jesuits, 104 – 5 Coleti, Gian Domenico, 259 – 60 decline of Jesuits prior to, 105 – 6 Collas, Jean-Paul, 115 dissension among Jesuits and, 107 – 11 Collège Louis-le-Grand, 52 , 60 , 63 – 64 , 104 , diversity of nationalities among Jesuits, 105 182 , 190 e ff ect of, 106 – 7 , 112 – 15 College of Cardinals, 98 French mission, 101 , 114 – 15 College of the Provinces, 155 , 157 Fujian, executions in, 103 Collegio dei Nobili (Turin), 155 Macao, arrest of Jesuits in, 100 – 2 , 115 – 16 Collegio Romano, 104 – 5 missionaries in, 52 , 58 – 59 Colombo, Emanuele, 4 , 5 Missions Étrangères de Paris (MEP), Commentaire philosophique (Bayle), 48 102 , 107 – 8 Compagnia di San Paolo (Turin), 140 , 158 Order of St. Dominic, 102 Companhia General e Comércio do Grão Pará e overview, 3 – 4 Maranhão, 120 rank and, 105 Comparative religion, Jesuits and, 45 – 51 rites controversy, 102 – 3 Compendio della Storia Geografi ca, Naturale e Senado da Camara (Macao), 100 Civile del Regno de Chile (Molina), 269 state of Jesuit missions prior to, 103 – 4 Compendio historico do estado da universidade de Suzhou, executions in, 103 Coimbra, 125 Tribunal of Mathematics, 105 , 107 , 111 Comunero Revolt (1720–1735), 86 – 87 Chinese philosophy, Jesuits and, 44 , 45 – 46 , Conca, Antonio, 256 47 – 49 , 55 Concordat of Bologna, 18 Choiseul. See Etienne-François, Duc de Condamine, Charles Marie de la, 62 Choiseul Confucius, 44 , 47 , 49 Chrisis theologica (Casnedi), 125 – 26 Confucius Sinarum philosophus (Couplet), 44 Church of Utrecht, 118 Conquista espiritual hecha por los religiosos de Ciamberlani, Luigi, 217 la Compañía de Jesús en las provincias Cibot, Pierre-Martial, 115 del Paraguay, Paraná, Uruguay y Tape Cicero, 47 (Montoya), 92

288 Index

Consejo Extraordinario (Spain), 128 – 29 , 130 , De l’Esprit (Helvétius), 53 – 54 131 – 32 , 250 Delisle, Joseph-Nicholas, 62 Conspiracy, role in suppression of Jesuits delle Lanze, Vittorio Amedeo, 146 , 152 in France, 14 – 18 , 23 – 32 Del Risorgimento d’Italia negli studi, nelle arti e Gallicanism and, 31 – 32 , 38 ne’ costumi dopo il mille (Bettinelli), 258 – 59 Jansenism and, 23 – 32 , 38 De natura deorum (Cicero), 47 Jesuits as conspirators, 13 Denina, Carlo, 147 overview, 4 , 6 – 7 , 37 – 39 Denyse, Jean, 42 paradoxes regarding, 15 , 37 – 39 Derossi di Castelmagno, Count, 156 Parlement of Paris and, 25 – 26 , 30 – 32 , Descartes, René, 43 , 56 – 57 , 253 , 254 – 55 34 , 37 , 38 Desmartez, Philippe Onuphre, 190 in Portugal, 13 – 14 , 32 – 33 , 34 – 36 Desperamus, Eduardo, 207 in Spain, 13 , 14 , 33 – 37 d’Etemare, Jean-Baptiste le Sesne de Ménilles, Constitutions, 71 , 72 , 73 23 – 24 , 28 Consulta (Council of Castile), 33 – 34 d’Houtteville, Claude-François-Alexandre, 43 Corporation of the Clergy, 211 , 212 , 213 Diarium Societatis Jesu in Alba Russia, 206 Corsica, exile of Jesuits from Spain to, 135 Dictamen fi scal de expulsión Corsini, Neri, 23 , 25 , 173 (Campomanes), 33 – 34 Cörvers, Joannes, 225 Diderot, Denis, 50 , 60 – 61 , 62 , 257 , 265 – 66 Cotoni, Marie-Hélène, 46 – 47 Diessbach, Nikolaus Joseph Albert von, 158 – 59 Coudray, Marold du, 29 Dimonstrazione dell’ossequio e rispettosa Coudrette, Christophe, 16 – 17 , 29 , 33 – 34 venerazione (Almada), 150 Council of Castile (Spain), 33 , 127 , 128 – 29 , 130 , “Diplomatic Revolution” (1756), 149 132 , 248 , 250 Discours sur les sciences et les arts (Rousseau), 51 Council of Constance, 18 Dobrowsky, Joseph, 233 Council of Madrid, 14 , 36 d’Olivet, Th oullier, 47 – 48 Council of Trent, 19 , 41 , 75 d’Ollières, Jacques François, 115 Counter-Reformation, 140 , 159 , 253 Dominus ac Redemptor (Papal Brief) Couplet, Philippe, 44 Beckers and, 216 Cours des sciences (Buffi er), 51 China, and suppression of Jesuits in, 110 Cramer, Jacob, 220 Italy, and exile of Spanish Jesuits to, 250 Cristina (Savoy), 140 – 41 overview, 2 Crivelli, Teresa, 156 Poland and, 244 Croix, Carlos de, 134 “Russian” Society of Jesus and, 201 Croix, Etienne de la, 190 Savoy and, 151 – 52 Crotti di Costigliole, Giuseppe Antonio, 153 , 154 Silesia and, 235 – 36 Cum occasione (Papal Bull), 21 Th orpe and, 172 , 179 Cunha-Xu, Francisco da, 101 , 104 Doswiadczenia (Rogaliński), 244 Curran, R.E., 211 Du Gad, Louis-Marie, 101 Czacki family, 240 – 41 Dzierożyński, Franciszek, 205 , 208 – 9 , 210 , Czerniewicz, Stanisław, 202 212 , 214

d’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 69 , 265 – 66 Eckart, Anselm, 222 d’Amécourt, Adrien-Louis Lefebvre, 30 Edict of Nantes (1598), 70 Damiens, Robert-Francois, 22 , 32 , 63 – 64 E ff ects of suppression, 2 , 3 d’Argens, Marquis (Jean-Baptiste de Boyer), Ega, Count de, 100 47 , 49 , 55 Egan, Michael, 212 – 13 d’Attimis, Tristano, 103 Egido, Teófanes, 133 – 34 Deducção chronológica e analytica (Silva), Eleta, Joaquín de, 128 124 – 25 , 137 Elisabeth (Bohemia), 56 – 57 Defenders of Jesuits, 2 Émile, ou de l’éducation (Rousseau), Dehasque, Peter, 219 66 – 67 , 68 – 70 De Hierarchia Ecclesiastica (Anderucci), 169 – 70 Encyclopédie (Diderot), 54 , 60 – 61 , 63 , De Krijtberg (Amsterdam), 217 – 18 , 221 , 222 , 64 , 265 – 66 223 , 226 – 27 Encyclopédie Méthodique, 257

Index 289

Encyclopédistes, 40 , 61 – 62 , 64 Ferrara, Jesuits in, 249 , 250 , 251 English College (Rome), 161 Ferreira, Dionísio, 101 Enlightenment, Jesuits and Ferrer Benimeli, José Antonio, 133 apologetics and, 41 – 44 Figueiredo, António Pereira de, 118 , 137 “Catholic Enlightenment,” 40 – 41 , 58 , Filipowicz, Piotr, 241 , 247 232 – 33 , 254 Filleau, Jean, 22 comparative religion and, 45 – 51 Fitz-James, François de, 25 Gallicanism and, 57 – 58 , 59 Flesseles, Jacques de, 31 historicism and, 41 – 44 Fleury, André-Hercule de, 22 , 57 – 58 , 60 – 61 Italy, exile of Spanish Jesuits to, 252 – 55 Floridablanca, Count of. See Moñino, José Jansenism and, 40 – 41 , 57 – 61 , 64 (Count of Floridablanca ) natural philosophy and, 52 – 55 Foggini, Pier Francesco, 23 , 25 overview, 7 – 8 , 40 – 41 Fonteyne, Hendrik, 219 , 220 Parlement of Paris and, 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , Forlì, Jesuits in, 249 61 , 62 – 63 Forner, Juan Pable, 257 – 58 philosophes and, 40 – 41 Fortis, Luigi, 205 – 6 , 208 – 9 , 212 , 213 – 14 politics versus innovation, 55 – 64 France, suppression of Jesuits in Portugal, and expulsion of Jesuits from, 117 generally, 201 , 249 in Portugal and Spain, 117 clergy, integration of Jesuits into, 195 – 96 science during, 53 – 54 , 62 conspiracy, role of, 14 – 18 , 23 – 32 Scottish Enlightenment and, 256 – 57 Enlightenment and (See Enlightenment, Spain, and expulsion of Jesuits from, 117 Jesuits and ) Epicureanism, 56 exile of Jesuits from, 191 Epinette, Pierre, 205 , 209 – 10 , 212 – 13 , 214 fi nancial scandal as cause of, 182 – 83 Erros ímpios e sediciosos (Anonymous), 123 – 24 Gallicanism (See Gallicanism ) Escobar, Ticio, 124 Jansenism (See Jansenism ) Escuela Española de Sordomutos (Hervás y life under suppression, 186 – 87 , 193 – 95 Panduro), 273 missionaries, eff ect on, 185 Escuela Municipal de Sordomutos oaths required of Jesuits, 187 , 188 – 90 (Barcelona), 273 overview, 1 – 2 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 181 Espinha, José, 112 , 113 Parlement of Paris and, 14 – 15 , 16 – 18 , 71 – 72 , Esquilace Riots, 14 , 33 , 35 , 126 – 27 , 129 , 248 182 – 87 , 189 – 90 , 191 – 92 , 194 Essai sur lea sourds et les muets (Diderot), 60 Parlement of Rennes and, 192 – 93 Essays (Montaigne), 50 pensions, 188 – 89 Etienne-François, Duc de Choiseul, 25 , 30 – 32 , Portugal compared, 15 – 16 35 – 36 , 150 resistance to, 193 Examen des préjugés vulgaires (Buffi er), 50 – 51 restoration of Jesuits, 197 – 98 Ex illa die (Papal Bull), 102 during Revolution, 196 – 97 Ex Omnibus (Papal Bull), 24 secular law and, 185 – 86 Exposition des preuves les plus sensibles de la September Massacres (1792), 197 veritable religion (Buffi er), 43 Seven Years’ War and, 17 – 18 Ex quo singulari (Papal Bull), 102 Spain, eff ect on, 192 status of Jesuits prior to, 181 – 82 Fábrega, Josef, 259 – 60 during Terror, 197 Faenza, Jesuits in, 249 Th orpe on, 163 – 64 Fan, Louis Shouyi, 104 – 5 Francis Xavier (Saint), 244 Fathers of the Faith, 220 , 227 Frankenberg, Johannes Henricus von, 219 Febronius, Giustino, 118 , 124 Frederick II (Prussia), 179 , 229 , 235 – 36 , 237 , 243 , Feillet, Clément de, 24 , 25 244 – 45 , 247 Feiner, Wilhelm, 205 , 209 , 212 – 13 Freemasonry, 252 Fenelon, François, 48 – 49 French Revolution, Jesuits and, 37 , 260 , 266 Fenwick, Benedict, 214 Fridvaldszky, Joannes, 244 Ferdinand IV (Naples), 14 Ferdinando IV (Naples), 136 Galilei, Galileo, 254 – 55 , 262 Fernando VII (Spain), 261 Gallican Articles of 1682, 57 , 184 , 187

290 Index

Gallicanism language of, 91 – 93 generally, 17 , 124 missionaries and, 87 Beaumont and, 73 Portugal, and expulsion of Jesuits from, 123 conspiracy against Jesuits and, 31 –32 , 38 reductions (See Paraquaria reductions, Jesuit Enlightenment and, 57 – 58 , 59 expulsion from ) historical background, 18 – 19 revolts, Jesuits as fomenting, 13 , 32 in Netherlands, 4 Guasti, Niccolò, 4 , 5 , 9 – 10 overview, 2 , 4 , 6 Guevarra, Andrea, 143 Parlement of Paris and, 19 Guimarães, Alexandre Pedrosa da Silva, 112 , 113 suppression of Jesuits and, 184 , 187 Gallisà, Luciano, 252 Habsburg lands, Jesuits in Gallitzin, Demetrius, 207 Hungary, 229 – 34 , 245 – 47 Gálvez, José de, 257 Poland, 9 , 229 , 237 – 47 . (See also Poland ) Ganganelli, Lorenzo, 76 , 169 – 70 . See also Silesia, 9 , 229 , 235 – 37 , 245 – 47 Clement XIV (Pope) Haller, Albrecht von, 56 Ganières des Granges, Claudius Hallerstein, August von, 105 , 106 , 111 Franciscus, 53 – 54 Halnat, François-Marie, 220 Gassendi, Pierre, 55 – 56 , 254 – 55 Hardouin, Jean, 44 , 54 Gawroński, Jęndrzéj, 240 Hell, Maximilian, 230 , 236 , 237 , 238 Gazeta Warszawska (newspaper), 239 Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 53 – 54 General Assembly of the Clergy, 63 , 194 Henri IV (France), 19 , 32 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 140 – 41 Genoa, Jesuits in, 250 Henriques, Antonio, 103 Georgetown College, 204 – 5 , 206 , 207 , 209 , Henriques, João, 121 210 – 14 , 224 Henry, Gilles, 225 Gerdil, Giacinto Sigismondo, 255 Henry, Jean, 205 , 209 – 10 , 221 , 223 , 224 , Ghilini, Tomaso Maria, 216 – 17 225 – 26 Gilj, Filippo Salvatore, 259 – 60 Henry, Lord Arundell of Wardour, 161 , 179 – 80 Gogeisel, Anton, 105 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 45 Gomis, Martínez, 133 Hervás y Panduro, Lorenzo, 252 , 271 – 74 , 276 Gonzaga College, 211 Histoire du people de Dieu (Berruyer), 61 – 62 González de Santacruz, Roque, 88 Histoire générale (Le Paige), 33 – 34 Gourlin, Etienne, 25 Histoire philosophique et politique des Grace, Jesuits and, 49 – 50 établissements et du commerce des Européens Graff , Jakob, 100 des deux Indes (Raynal and Diderot), 257 Grammont, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph de, 114 Historia Critica (Katona), 232 Granges, Claude-François Gagnières des, 197 Historia Pelagiana (Norris), 25 Grassalkovich (Austria), 234 Historicism, Jesuits and, 41 – 44 Grassi, Giovanni Antonio Hochbichler, Johann, 220 Beckers and, 224 Holy Cross College, 209 , 212 “Russian” Society of Jesus and, 205 , 207 , 208 , Holy Trinity Church (Philadelphia), 209 – 10 209 , 210 , 211 – 13 Homer, 239 Gravissimis ex causis (Papal Bull), 172 – 73 Hontheim, Nikolaus von, 118 Great Schism, 18 Hôpital général, 60 Greek philosophy, Jesuits and, 47 – 49 , 55 – 56 Hsia, R. Po-chia, 3 – 4 Gregorian University. See Roman Hubertti, Michael, 217 College (Rome ) Huet, Pierre-Daniel, 43 , 61 – 62 Grivel, Fedelis de, 205 , 209 Huguenots, 20 Grodzicki, Faustyn, 240 – 41 Hulscher, Herman ten, 218 Grodzicki, Tomasz, 241 Hungary, Jesuits in, 229 – 34 , 245 – 47 Groenen, Henri, 218 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 224 , 225 – 26 Huron people, 99 Grosso, Carlo Armano di, 23 , 27 , 28 , 31 Huygens, Christiaan, 53 – 54 Gruber, Gabriel, 205 , 220 , 221 – 22 , 261 Guaraní people Idea dell’Universo (Hervás y Panduro), 271 e ff ects of Jesuit expulsion on, 94 – 95 , 96 – 97 Ignatius of Loyola, 40 , 244 encomienda system, exemption from, 86 – 87 Imola, Jesuits in, 249

Index 291

Imperial Library (Vienna), 233 Journal de Trévoux, 190 Inchofer, Michael, 232 Jumilhac, Jean-Joseph de Saint-Jean de, 78 Inquisition, 121 In specula supremae dignitatis (Papal Kangxi (China), 102 – 3 , 112 Bull), 120 – 21 Kapriani, István, 231 – 32 Instruction pastorale de Monseigneur l’Archévêque Karsznicki, Józef, 243 – 44 de Paris (Beaumont), 72 – 73 , 74 – 75 Katembring, Józef, 241 Intendenza Generale di Fabbriche e Katona, Itsván, 232 Fortifi cazioni (Turin), 157 Keller, Jacob, 124 Ironside, George, 214 Kenney, Peter, 211 – 12 Israel, Jonathan, 47 , 254 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, suppression of Italy, exile of Spanish Jesuits to. See also specifi c Jesuits in, 34 state or city Klaiber, J., 256 American War of Independence and, 256 – 57 K o ffl er, Johann, 100 , 101 assignment to specifi c cities, 249 – 51 Kohlmann, Anton cultural mediators, Jesuits as, 255 – 56 Beckers and, 220 , 221 – 22 , 227 defense of Spain by Jesuits, 256 – 61 in “Russian” Society of Jesus, 205 , 206 , 208 , Enlightenment and, 252 – 55 209 , 210 – 11 , 213 , 214 historical background, 135 – 36 Kollár, Adam František, 233 integration into Italian society, 251 – 52 Kołłątaj, Hugo, 243 liberating eff ect of, 250 Krukowski, Bonifacy, 205 , 209 – 10 , 214 overview, 9 – 10 Scottish Enlightenment and, 256 – 57 Lachowski, Sebastyan, 240 Sociedad Económica Aragonesa de Amigos L’Admiral, Pierre, 115 del País, 255 – 56 Laimbeckhoven, Gottfried von, 101 , 104 , 105 , Iturri, Francisco Javier, 259 – 60 110 , 111 , 112 , 115 Lalande, Jérôme, 266 Jacob, Margaret C., 45 – 46 Lalourcé, Charlemagne, 29 Jacobs, Pieter, 221 Lama, Bernardo Andrea, 143 Jansen, Corneille, 19 – 20 , 21 , 22 Lambert, Guillaume, 30 , 35 – 36 Jansenism Lamy, François, 42 , 43 generally, 17 Lan, Ignatius, 104 Beaumont and, 65 , 66 , 69 Lanfant, Alexandre, 197 conspiracy against Jesuits and, 23 – 32 , 38 Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 265 Enlightenment and, 40 – 41 , 57 – 61 , 64 La Religion Chrétienne prouveé par les faits historical background, 19 – 23 (d’Houtteville), 43 in Netherlands, 4 , 20 – 21 , 23 Lavalette, Antoine, 31 , 182 – 83 overview, 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 Laynez, Diego, 22 Parlement of Paris and, 20 , 21 , 22 Leclerc, Georges-Louis, 257 , 268 in Portugal and Spain, 117 Le Comte, Louis, 40 , 58 – 59 in Savoy, 143 , 145 , 146 Lefebre, Joseph-Louis, 106 , 108 – 10 spread of, 23 Le Gobien, Charles, 49 – 50 , 51 Jaugnitz, Anton Lorenz, 236 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 254 – 55 , 264 Jeanjean, Antoine, 240 Lelie, Adriaan de, 218 J e ff erson, Th omas, 207 Lenkiewicz, Gabriel, 220 Jenison, John, 161 – 62 Le Nouveau testament en françois avec des Jesus, 44 , 46 réfl exions morales sur chaque verset Joachim-Pierre. See Bernis, abbé de (Quesnel), 21 (Joachim-Pierre ) Leopold (Tuscany), 98 João V (Portugal), 118 , 125 , 231 Leopold II (HRE), 159 Jolís, Josef, 259 – 60 Le Paige, Louis-Adrien, 16 – 17 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , José I (Portugal), 13 – 14 , 32 , 118 , 121 , 122 , 124 31 , 33 – 34 Joseph II (HRE), 98 , 230 , 244 – 45 , 247 Les Eclipses (Boscovich), 265 Joseph Poniatowski (Poland), 239 Lessius, Leonardo, 124 Journal des Savants, 266 Lettres édifi antes et curieuses (Le Gobien), 49

292 Index

Lettres sur la mérite et la virtue (Diderot), 60 Malevé, Melchior, 221 , 222 , 224 Liebish, Anton Marcus, 236 Malou, Pierre, 205 , 209 , 212 – 13 L’Incrédule amené à la religion par le raison Mantua, Jesuits in, 250 (Lamy), 43 Marchard, Prosper, 46 Lioncy family, 182 – 83 Maréchal, Ambrose, 212 Lisbon Earthquake (1755), 4 – 5 , 102 , 120 Marefoschi, Cardinal, 173 Liu, Paul, 104 , 115 Maria Anna (Austria), 118 Liu, Th omas, 104 Maria Th eresa (Austria), 36 , 151 – 52 , 216 , 231 , Llampillas, Francisco Xavier, 256 , 258 – 59 235 , 264 Llorente, Mariano, 260 Marie Jeanne (Savoy), 141 Locke, John, 42 , 253 , 254 – 55 Marmontel, Jean-François, 257 Lodewijk Napoleon Bonaparte (Holland), 220 Márquez, Pedro José, 259 – 60 Lombardy Marseilles Observatory, 266 Jesuits in, 250 Martial, 258 – 59 Spain, exile of Jesuits from, 136 . (See also Italy, Maryland Colony, Jesuits in in, 201 , 203 – 4 exile of Spanish Jesuits to ) Masdeu, Juan Francisco, 256 , 258 – 59 Longo, Manuel, 253 – 54 Matthew (Saint), 54 Longobardi, Nicolò, 47 , 49 , 55 Maupeou, René Nicolas Charles Augustin de, López, Giménez, 133 36 – 37 , 193 – 94 Lorenzana, Marciel, 87 Mayans, Gregorio, 258 , 259 Louis XIII (France), 71 McCoog, Th omas, 8 – 9 Louis XIV (France) Męciński, Wojciech, 244 generally, 71 Meditations (Descartes), 56 – 57 Edict of Nantes and, 70 Mémoires de Trévoux (Buffi er), 42 , 46 , Gallican Articles of 1682, 57 47 – 48 , 60 , 62 Jansenism and, 20 – 21 Mendonça Furtado, Francisco Xavier de, 119 Jesuits and, 107 – 8 Mesmer, Franz Anton, 230 Savoy and, 141 Méthodes de traiter des controversies de religion suppression of Jesuits and, 194 (Veron), 43 Louis XV (France) Mezzabraba, Carlo, 102 assassination attempts against, 13 , 32 Minjhardt, Wijnand, 46 Beaumont and, 73 , 74 , 75 – 77 Mirepoix, Bishop of, 59 , 61 China, and suppression of Jesuits in, 108 Mirror of Humility (Pinnamonti), 240 Enlightenment and, 57 , 63 Missionaries Jansenism and, 22 activities of, 51 Jesuits allegiance to, 184 in China, 52 , 58 – 59 Parlement of Paris and, 17 , 71 , 191 – 92 France, eff ect of suppression of Jesuits in, 185 protection of Jesuits by, 15 , 17 , 188 – 89 Guaraní people and, 87 Spain, and expulsion of Jesuits from, 135 Missions Étrangères de Paris (MEP), 102 , Spain and, 36 107 – 8 suppression of Jesuits and, 71 – 72 Molé, Matthieu-François, 25 – 26 Unigenitus and, 24 , 29 Molina, Juan Ignacio, 259 – 60 , 268 – 70 , 276 Louis XVI (France), 265 Molina, Luis de, 41 , 124 Łuskina, Stefan, 239 Molinism, 51 , 58 , 63 Lustyg, Antoni, 223 Moñino, José (Count of Floridablanca), 132 , 137 – 38 , 255 – 57 , 260 Macao, arrest of Jesuits in, 100 – 2 , 115 – 16 Monitca Secreta, 242 Maîllet, Bernard, 48 Monod, Pierre, 140 – 41 Maire, Christopher, 264 Montaigne, Michel de, 50 de Maistre family, 146 – 47 Montazet, Malvin de, 25 Malabaila di Canale, Count, 158 Monte di San Giovanni Battista (Turin), 157 Malagrida, Gabriele, 120 , 121 Montengón, Pedro, 250 Malebranche, Nicolas, 42 , 49 , 55 Montfort, Th eodorus von, 225 Malevé, François, 205 , 209 – 10 , 212 – 13 , 222 , Montoya, Antonio Ruiz de, 93 223 , 225 Montpelier University, 56

Index 293

Morabito, Antonio Saverio, 101 Nouvelles intéressantes (journal), 33 Morozzo, Bishop, 145 – 46 Nouveux mémoires sur la Chine (Le Morveilliers, Nicolas Masson de, 257 Comte), 58 – 59 Moses, 46 Nuix, Juan, 256 , 260 Motte, Ferdinand, 222 Muhammad, 46 Oeiras, Count of. See Pombal (Sebastião José de Muñoz, Juan Bautista, 257 – 58 Carvalho e Melo ) Murard, Jean-François-Alexandre, 30 Optimism, Jesuits and, 41 Muriel, Domingo, 259 – 60 Oratorians, 255 Muszka, Nicolaus, 233 – 34 Order of St. Dominic, 102 Original sin Naamlijst der R. Kath. Capellanen en Beaumont on, 67 – 68 Zendelingen, 225 – 26 Jesuits and, 42 Nagurczewski, Ignacy, 239 Orlié de Saint-Innocent, Bishop, 145 – 46 Naples Osma, Joaquín de, 165 Council on Abuses, 14 Osservazioni sopra la condotta del ministro di restoration of Jesuits in, 261 Portogallo sull’aff are dei Jesuiti, 150 revival of Jesuits in, 2 – 3 Ossun. See Pierre-Paul, marquis d’Ossun Spain, exile of Jesuits from, 136 . (See also Italy, exile of Spanish Jesuits to ) Paccanari, Niccolò, 219 – 20 suppression of Jesuits in, 14 , 37 , 165 – 66 , 201 , Paccanarists, 222 , 223 , 227 206 , 249 Padri della Missione (Turin), 154 , 158 Th orpe on, 165 – 66 Pagliarini, Niccolò, 126 Napoleon (France), 197 – 98 , 206 – 7 , 237 – 38 , Paine, Th omas, 210 243 , 261 Paintner, Michael Antonius, 234 Napoli Signorelli, Pietro, 258 – 59 Palmer, Robert, 41 Naruszewicz, Adam, 239 Pamiętnik Historyczno-Polityczno-Ekonomiczny Natural philosophy, Jesuits and, 52 – 55 (Świtkowski), 239 Neale, Charles, 213 Panzi, Giuseppe, 115 Neale, Francis, 213 – 14 Papal States Neale, Leonard, 205 French invasion of, 261 Nectoux, Charles, 191 , 196 refusal to accept Jesuits from Spain, Negócio jesuítico. See Portugal, expulsion of 135 , 248 – 49 Jesuits from Paraquaria reductions, Jesuit expulsion from. See Nelson, Eric, 71 also Guaraní people Netherlands. See also Beckers, Adam administrative eff ects of, 95 arrival of Beckers in, 216 – 19 allocation of religious orders in, 86t. 1. Beckers in, 223 – 25 collaborative venture, reductions as, 89 – 94 Gallicanism in, 4 economic eff ects of, 96 Jansenism in, 4 , 20 – 21 , 23 economic organization of Jesuits in, 216 – 19 reductions, 93 – 94 Jesuit superior, Beckers as, 223 – 25 e ff ects of, 94 – 97 Neuvaille, Jean Sylvain, 101 encomienda system, 86 – 87 Neuville, Charles de, 186 , 196 fate of expelled Jesuits, 98 – 99 Newman, John Henry, 10 government of reductions, 91 Newton, Isaac, 61 , 62 , 253 , 254 – 55 , 264 historical background, 86 – 89 New York Literary Institution, 206 , 209 , 210 implementation of, 83 – 84 Nice. See Savoy, suppression of Jesuits in intendencias, 95 Norris, Enrico, 25 layout of reductions, 89 – 91 Nouvelles ecclésiasiques (journal) Leyes de Indias, 91 Enlightenment and, 54 , 58 , 63 overview, 3 , 83 France, and suppression of Jesuits in, 23 , 27 , population eff ects of, 95 – 96 28 – 29 , 33 – 34 Portugal, transfer to, 119 Portugal, and expulsion of Jesuits San Ignacio Guazú reduction, 88 from, 125 – 26 smallpox and, 94

294 Index

Paraquaria reductions, Jesuit Pius VII (Pope), 37 , 202 , 220 , 261 expulsion from (cont.) Plowden, Charles, 161 – 62 social eff ects of, 94 – 95 Pochettini, Bishop, 145 – 46 statistics of, 83 – 84 Poczobut, Marcin Odlanicki, 238 , UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 266 – 68 , 275 – 76 reductions as, 89 Poirot, Louis, 108 – 10 , 114 Yapeyú reduction, 84 – 85 , 94 Poland Parlement of Paris academics among Jesuits in, 239 – 41 Beaumont and, 66 – 67 , 68 – 69 , 72 – 75 astronomers among Jesuits in, 238 – 39 conspiracy against Jesuits and, 25 – 26 , 30 – 32 , Baroque culture in, 243 – 44 34 , 37 , 38 Catherine II and, 242 – 43 dissolution of, 193 – 94 clergy among Jesuits in, 241 during Enlightenment, 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , complexity of Jesuit history in, 237 – 38 61 , 62 – 63 e ff ect of suppression in, 244 – 45 Gallicanism and, 19 Jesuit colleges in, 243 Jansenism and, 20 , 21 , 22 Jesuits in, 9 , 229 , 237 – 47 Louis XV and, 17 , 71 , 191 – 92 National Education Commission (KEN), 234 , suppression of Jesuits and, 14 – 15 , 16 – 18 , 237 , 242 – 43 , 246 , 247 71– 72 , 182 – 87 , 189 – 90 , 191 – 92 , 194 partition of, 150 – 51 , 179 , 202 , 208 , 242 Parlement of Rennes, 192 – 93 strength of Jesuits in, 242 Parma Pombal (Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo) restoration of Jesuits in, 260 generally, 4 – 5 , 122 revival of Jesuits in, 2 – 3 China, and suppression of Jesuits in, 100 , Spain, exile of Jesuits from, 136 . (See also Italy, 106 – 7 , 112 exile of Spanish Jesuits to ) expulsion of Jesuits and, 13 – 14 , 32 – 33 , 118 , suppression of Jesuits in, 14 , 34 , 37 , 201 , 120 – 21 , 122 – 26 , 133 , 137 206 , 249 Pompadour, Madame de, 31 Parthenio, Joseph Mariano, 262 Porporato, Giuseppe Filippo, 145 – 46 , 158 Pascal, Blaise, 21 , 73 – 74 Port-Royal Convents, 20 – 21 Pascal, Leon, 115 Portugal, expulsion of Jesuits from Pasquier, Etienne, 19 generally, 201 , 249 Passionei, Domenici Silvio, 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 32 anti-Jesuit literature, 122 – 26 Pastor, Ludvig Von, 133 Companhia General e Comércio do Grão Paul (Saint), 72 Pará e Maranhão, 120 Paul I (Russia), 202 , 243 conspiracy, role of, 13 – 14 , 32 – 33 , 34 – 36 Paulian, Aimé-Henri, 54 Enlightenment and, 117 Pauw, Cornelius de, 257 , 268 , 269 , 270 – 71 exile of Jesuits, 122 Pensées philosophiques (Diderot), 60 France compared, 15 – 16 Per alias (Papal Brief), 261 Jansenism and, 117 Pézanas, Esprit, 266 Lisbon Earthquake and, 120 Philibert, Emmanuel, 140 overview, 1 – 2 , 4 – 5 , 117 – 18 , 137 – 38 Philip the Fair (France), 18 Pombal and, 13 – 14 , 32 – 33 , 118 , 120 – 21 , 122 – 26 , Philo-Jansenists, 23 133 , 137 Philosophes, 2 , 8 , 40 – 41 , 64 , 253 revolts, Jesuits as fomenting, 13 Philosophiae Naturalis Th eoria (Boscovich), 264 Royal Censor’s Offi ce and, 124 Picart, Bernard, 45 – 46 royal decree, 121 – 22 Piccon della Perosa, Count, 147 Spain compared, 126 – 27 , 133 , 137 – 38 Piedmont. See Savoy, suppression of Jesuits in status of Jesuits prior to, 119 Pierre-Paul, marquis d’Ossun, 35 , 36 Th orpe on, 162 – 63 Pignatelli, José, 136 , 261 Possevino, Antonio, 140 – 41 Pilawski, Ignacy, 244 Poznań Collegium, 243 Pinault, Pierre-Olivier, 30 , 31 , 32 – 33 Prades, Jean-Martin de, 60 – 62 Pinnamonti, Giovanni Pietro, 240 Pragmatic Sanction (1767), 131 – 32 , 248 Piochet, Pietro Giacinto, 154 Prague University, 266 Pius VI (Pope), 77 , 179 , 180 Pralormo, Giambattista Roero di, 146

Index 295

Pray, György, 232 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Prisca theologica, Jesuits and, 46 – 48 Beaumont, opposition to, 65 – 69 , 79 Provincial Letters (Pascal), 21 Enlightenment and, 51 Prussia, Jesuits in, 2 , 179 , 185 , 201 Jesuits and, 69 – 70 Puzynina (Poland), 266 – 67 , 275 – 76 Royal Library (Naples), 252 Royal Observatory (Vilnius), 266 – 67 , 275 – 76 Qianlong (China), 103 , 105 , 107 , 111 , 112 Royal Seminary (Madrid), 271 Québec, Jesuits in, 201 Royal Society of London, 267 Quesnel, Pasquier, 21 Rozaven, Jean-Louis de Leissègues de, 219 , 220 Quimper, Bishop of, 196 Russia Quirinal Library (Rome), 271 French invasion of, 206 – 7 Jesuits in, 2 , 37 , 201 , 208 , 220 . (See also Radomiński, Piotr, 240 “Russian” Society of Jesus ) Radzwiłł, Karol, 241 partition of Poland and, 179 , 185 Rákóczi uprising (1703–1711), 229 – 30 “Russian” Society of Jesus. See also specifi c Rantzau, Maximilian, 205 , 209 , 211 , 212 – 13 , 214 individual Ravaillac, François, 32 attitudes toward United States, 208 – 9 Ravenna, Jesuits in, 249 clergy, opposition from, 213 Raynal, Guillaume Th omas François, 257 factionalism and, 213 – 14 Reale Accademia delle Scienze (Turin), 155 historical background, 204 – 5 Reason, Jesuits and, 42 – 44 life in United States, 207 Réfl exiones sur le desastre de Lisbonne, 125 – 26 overview, 3 , 214 – 15 Regalists, 2 , 6 , 124 service by, 209 – 10 Relação abreviada (Anonymous), 123 shortcomings of, 212 – 13 Retz, Franz, 117 size of, 206 – 7 Rey, Marc-Michel, 46 Rezzonico, Carlo, 26 – 27 . See also Clement S. Luís (ship), 101 – 2 XIII (Pope ) Sacchi, Feliks, 205 , 209 – 10 Ribeiro-Kuang, Marcus, 104 Sacred Heart, 78 Ricci, Lorenzo Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572), 70 China, and suppression of Jesuits Saint-Cyran (Jean du Vergier de Hauranne), in, 107 , 109 19 – 20 , 22 France, and suppression of Jesuits in, 17 , 31 , St. Clair Segurado, E.M., 256 184 , 187 – 88 , 193 St. Michael’s (Warsaw), 241 Italy, and exile of Spanish Jesuits to, 248 – 49 St. Nicholas (Szewna), 243 – 44 Spain, and expulsion of Jesuits from, 129 , 135 St. Patrick’s Cathedral (New York), 210 Th orpe and, 179 , 180 Saint Sylvester (Rome), 223 – 24 Ricci, Matteo, 44 , 47 , 52 , 102 , 112 Saldanha da Gama, Francisco de, 120 – 21 Rites Controversy, 58 – 59 Sales Sousa, Evergton, 124 Rivera, Count, 149 – 50 San Martín, Francisco de, 87 Robertson, William, 257 San Martino, Carlo Francesco Baldassare Rocha, Felix da, 107 Perrone di, 156 Roda y Arrieta, Manuel de, 14 , 33 , 128 – 29 , Santa Th eresia, Joseph a, 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 130 , 131 – 32 Sardinia. See Savoy, suppression of Jesuits in Rogaliński, Jakub, 222 Savoy, suppression of Jesuits in Rogaliński, Józef, 238 , 240 , 244 anti-Jesuit campaign prior to, 149 – 51 Roman College (Rome), 211 , 262 , 263 , attitude toward Jesuits prior to, 145 – 47 265 , 277 colleges in, 141 – 42 , 143 – 44 , 154 – 55 Romano, Antonella, 255 e ff ects of, 157 – 59 Roman philosophy, Jesuits and, 47 – 49 , 55 – 56 establishment of Jesuits in, 140 – 42 Roothaan, Albert, 227 Exgesuitica, 152 Roothaan, Jan Philip, 205 – 6 , 209 , 212 , Guinta Ecclesiastica, 152 221 – 22 , 227 implementation of, 151 – 57 Rora, Rorengo di, 145 – 46 Jansenism and, 143 , 145 , 146 Rouët, M.-J., 208 overview, 5 , 139 – 40 , 159 – 60

296 Index

Savoy, suppression of Jesuits in (cont.) South America, suppression of Jesuits Regio Exequatur, 152 in. See Paraquaria reductions, Jesuit royal assertion over, 142 – 45 expulsion from status of Jesuits prior to, 147 – 49 Spain, expulsion of Jesuits from taxation and, 146 generally, 37 , 201 , 249 wealth of Jesuits prior to, 147 – 49 “Black Legend,” 257 , 260 Schlafl y, Daniel L., Jr., 3 , 242 colegiales and, 128 Schmadlpauer, Antonius, 234 Consejo Extraordinario and, 128 – 29 , 130 , Schulreglement für die Universität Breslau 131 – 32 , 250 und die katholischen Gymnasien in Dem conspiracy, role of, 13 , 14 , 33 – 37 Herzogthum Schlesien und der Grafschaft Corsica, exile to, 135 Glatz (Zeplichal), 236 Council of Castile and, 33 , 127 , 128 – 29 , 130 , Science, Jesuits and. See also specifi c individual 132 , 248 , 250 Boscovich and, 263 – 74 Enlightenment and, 117 Clavijero and, 268 – 71 Esquilace Riots and, 14 , 33 , 35 , 126 – 27 , e ff ect of suppression, 274 – 77 129 , 248 during Enlightenment, 53 – 54 , 62 France, eff ect of Jesuit suppression in, 192 Hervás y Panduro and, 271 – 74 French Jesuits in Spain, 185 , 191 Molina and, 268 – 70 Italy, exile to (See Italy, exile of Spanish overview, 9 , 262 – 63 Jesuits to ) Poczobut and, 266 – 68 Jansenism and, 117 during suppression, 263 – 74 logistics of, 133 – 36 Scottish Enlightenment, 256 – 57 manteístas and, 128 , 137 , 260 Seneca, 258 – 59 naval phase, 134 Sepp, Anton, 88 overview, 1 – 2 , 4 , 5 , 117 – 18 , 137 – 38 September Massacres (1792), 197 Papal States, refusal to accept Sequeira, Luis de, 101 – 2 Jesuits in, 135 Serrano, Tomás, 258 – 59 Portugal compared, 126 – 27 , 133 , 137 – 38 Seven Years’ War Pragmatic Sanction (1767), 131 – 32 , 248 France and, 17 – 18 , 25 , 63 readmission of Jesuits, 261 Portugal and, 117 , 137 revolts, Jesuits as fomenting, 13 Spain and, 127 status of Jesuits prior to, 133 – 34 Shore, Paul, 9 “ Th omists” and, 128 Sichelbarth, Ignaz, 105 Th orpe on, 164 – 65 Sicily Spanish Inquisition, 25 restoration of Jesuits in, 261 Spinoza, Baruch, 43 , 47 , 48 – 49 , 55 – 56 , 69 , suppression of Jesuits in, 165 – 66 , 249 253 , 254 – 55 Th orpe on, 165 – 66 Stanislaus II (Poland), 267 Silesia Stone, Marmaduke, 220 Jesuits in, 9 , 229 , 235 – 37 , 245 – 47 Stordeur, Antoine, 225 Prussia, acquisition by, 179 Storia Antica del Messico (Clavijero), 269 Silva, José Seabra da, 101 , 124 , 137 Storia critica de’ teratri antichi e moderni (Napoli Simon, Richard, 43 – 44 Signorelli), 258 – 59 Skrzynecki, Rafał, 244 Storia critica di Spagna (Masdeu), 258 – 59 Smohozhevs’kyi, Iason, 242 Storia della letteratura (Tiraboschi), 258 – 59 Soares Granatense, Francisco, 124 Storrs, Christopher, 5 Society for the Opera degli Esercizi Strickland, William, 220 , 224 , 227 Spirituali, 147 Strousma, Guy, 44 Society of Faith, 219 – 20 , 223 Sunu (Nobleman), 102 – 3 Society of the Sacred Heart, 219 – 20 Supplement au Voyage de Bougainville Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum (Papal Bull), 261 (Diderot), 50 Song, Matthias, 104 Świtkowski, Pitor, 239 Sorbonne, 21 , 28 , 60 – 63 Switzerland, Jesuits in, 191 Soua, Policarpo de, 111 Szczurowski, Jacek, 241 Souciet, Etienne, 44 Szentmártonyi, Ignatius, 231

Index 297

Tamburino, Tomás, 124 University of Košice, 243 Tanucci, Bernardo, 14 , 135 , 136 University of Kraków, 243 Távora family, 121 University of Paris, 20 , 22 , 54 , 59 Telliamed (Maîllet), 48 University of Turin, 142 , 143 – 44 , 157 Tentativa teológica (Figueiredo), 137 Tesauro, Emanuele, 141 Van Kley, Dale K., 4 , 5 , 6 – 7 Tesoro de la Lengua Guaraní (Montoya), 92 Van Quickenborne, Félix, 214 Th ököly uprising (1678–1685), 229 – 30 Velasco, Juan de, 259 – 60 Th omassen, Matthias, 217 – 18 Venice Th ompson, Gillian, 4 , 5 , 7 , 9 Jesuits in, 250 Th orpe, John Spain, exile of Jesuits from, 136 . (See also Italy, on Clement XIII, 167 – 68 exile of Spanish Jesuits to ) on Clement XIV, 162 , 169 – 80 Ventavon, Jean Mathieu de, 114 France, on suppression of Jesuits in, 163 – 64 Verbeeck, Jan, 222 , 224 , 225 – 26 on imprisonment of Jesuits, 173 – 77 Vergier de Hauranne, Jean du. See Saint-Cyran on life during suppression, 177 – 79 (Jean du Vergier de Hauranne ) Naples, on suppression of Jesuits in, 165 – 66 Vernazza, Giuseppe, 153 overview, 8 – 9 , 161 – 62 Veron, François, 43 , 61 – 62 Portugal, on expulsion of Jesuits from, 162 – 63 Victor Amadeus I (Savoy), 140 – 41 Sicily, on suppression of Jesuits in, 165 – 66 Victor Amadeus II (Savoy), 141 , 142 – 44 , Spain, on expulsion of Jesuits from, 164 – 65 147 , 152 on universal suppression, 166 – 68 Victor Amadeus III (Savoy), 145 – 46 , 151 – 57 , 158 Tillot, Guillaume-Léon Du, 136 Vieira, António, 125 Tiraboschi, Girolamo, 258 – 59 Villar, Pierre, 127 Torregiani, Luigi Maria, 26 – 27 , 150 Vilnius University, 238 , 266 Torres, Antonio, 260 Viou, Jean-Pierre, 29 , 33 Torrigiani, Luigi, 135 , 249 Virgil, 239 Tour, Étienne Sébastien de la, 197 Voisins, Gilbert VI de, 31 , 38 Tournemine, René-Joseph, 46 , 47 – 49 , Voltaire, 44 , 45 , 79 , 99 , 144 52 – 53 , 54 , 60 Vossius, Isaac, 55 Tournon, Charles-Th omas Maillard de, 102 Traité des premières vérités (Buffi er), 43 War of 1812, 207 4 6 Traité des trois imposteurs, War of the Austrian Succession, 146 – 47 Treaty of Madrid (1750), 119 , 120 , 122 , 123 , 137 War of the Spanish Succession, 141 Tribunal of Mathematics, 105 , 107 , 111 Washington Seminary, 206 , 209 , 211 Trnava University, 243 Whitehead, Maurice, 3 Tuscany, exile of Jesuits from Spain to, 136 . See Włodek, Ignacy, 240 also Italy, exile of Spanish Jesuits to Wolff , Christian, 254 – 55 Wood, Gordon, 13 , 37 , 38 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 89 Worcester, Th omas, 10 Unigenitus (Papal Bull) Wright, John P., 56 – 57 Beaumont and, 65 Wyrwicz, Karol, 240 , 241 Enlightenment and, 57 – 59 , 62 – 63 , 64 France, and suppression of Jesuits in, 21 , 22 , Xui, Paul, 104 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 – 28 , 29 Savoy and, 143 United States, Jesuits in Yang, Francisco, 104 American War of Independence and, 256 – 57 Yao, Jean, 104 anti-Catholic laws in, 204 Yongzhen (China), 102 – 3 in Maryland Colony, 201 , 203 –4 overview, 2 – 3 Zamaga, Bernardus de, 234 “Russian” Society of Jesus in (See “Russian” Zebrowski, Tomasz, 266 – 67 Society of Jesus ) Zelada, Francesco Javier, 173 University of Breslau, 235 – 36 Zeplichal, Anton Michael, 236 University of Coimbra, 125 Zhou Xuejian, 103