Formal Verification for Real-World Cryptographic Protocols and Implementations Nadim Kobeissi
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Cryptography
56 Protecting Information With Cryptography Chapter by Peter Reiher (UCLA) 56.1 Introduction In previous chapters, we’ve discussed clarifying your security goals, determining your security policies, using authentication mechanisms to identify principals, and using access control mechanisms to enforce poli- cies concerning which principals can access which computer resources in which ways. While we identified a number of shortcomings and prob- lems inherent in all of these elements of securing your system, if we re- gard those topics as covered, what’s left for the operating system to worry about, from a security perspective? Why isn’t that everything? There are a number of reasons why we need more. Of particular im- portance: not everything is controlled by the operating system. But per- haps you respond, you told me the operating system is all-powerful! Not really. It has substantial control over a limited domain – the hardware on which it runs, using the interfaces of which it is given control. It has no real control over what happens on other machines, nor what happens if one of its pieces of hardware is accessed via some mechanism outside the operating system’s control. But how can we expect the operating system to protect something when the system does not itself control access to that resource? The an- swer is to prepare the resource for trouble in advance. In essence, we assume that we are going to lose the data, or that an opponent will try to alter it improperly. And we take steps to ensure that such actions don’t cause us problems. -
M3AAWG Best Common Practices for Mitigating Abuse of Web Messaging Systems, Version 1.1 Updated March 2019 (2010)
Messaging, Malware and Mobile Anti-Abuse Working Group (M3AAWG) M3AAWG Best Common Practices for Mitigating Abuse of Web Messaging Systems, Version 1.1 Updated March 2019 (2010) The reference URL for this document is www.m3aawg.org/WebMessagingAbuse Table of Contents Updated in this Version ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Typical Attacks ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Monitoring and Alerting ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Proactive Defense .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 UI Access ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Web Application Security .............................................................................................................................................................................. -
Cross-Domain Communications
CSE 361: Web Security Cross-domain Communication Nick Nikiforakis 2 A World Without Separation between Sites http://kittenpics.org https://gmail.com 3 The Same-Origin Policy for JavaScript • Most basic access control policy • controls how active content can access resources • Same-Origin Policy for JavaScript for three actions • Script access to other document in same browser • frames/iframes • (popup) windows • Script access to application-specific local state • cookies, Web Storage, or IndexedDB • Explicit HTTP requests to other hosts • XMLHttpRequest 4 The Same-Origin Policy for JavaScript • Only allows access if origins match Protocol Hostname Port • Origin defined by protocol, hostname, and port http://example.org:80/path/ Originating document Accessed document Non-IE Browser Internet Explorer http://example.org/a http://example.org/b http://example.org http://www.example.org http://example.org https://example.org http://example.org http://example.org:81 5 Domain Relaxation • Two sub-domains of a common parent domain want to communicate • Notably: can overwrite different port! • Browsers allow setting document.domain property • Can only be set to valid suffix including parent domain • test.example.org -> example.org ok • example.org -> org forbidden • When first introduced, relaxation of single sub-domain was sufficient • Nowadays: both (sub-)domains must explicitly set document.domain 6 Domain Relaxation http://sub.kittenpics.org http://kittenpics.org document.domain = "kittenpics.org" document.domain = "kittenpics.org" 7 Domain Relaxation http://sub.kittenpics.org http://kittenpics.org document.domain = "kittenpics.org" Cross-Origin Communication 9 Cross-origin communication • Subdomains of the same domain can use domain relaxation when they want to talk to one another. -
PCI Assessment Evidence of PCI Policy Compliance
PCI Assessment Evidence of PCI Policy Compliance CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: The information contained in this report document is for the Prepared for: exclusive use of the client specified above and may contain confidential, privileged and non-disclosable information. If the recipient of this report is not the client or Prospect or Customer addressee, such recipient is strictly prohibited from reading, photocopying, distributing or otherwise using this report or its contents in any way. Prepared by: Your Company Name Evidence of PCI Policy Compliance PCI ASSESSMENT Table of Contents 1 - Overview 1.1 - Security Officer 1.2 - Overall Risk 2 - PCI DSS Evidence of Compliance 2.1 - Install and maintain firewall to protect cardholder data 2.1.1.1 - Requirements for firewall at each Internet connections and between DMZ and internal network zone 2.1.1.2 - Business justification for use of all services, protocols and ports allowed 2.1.2 - Build firewall and router configurations that restrict connections between untrusted networks and the cardholder data environment 2.1.2.1 - Restrict inbound and outbound to that which is necessary for the cardholder data environment 2.1.2.3 - Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet 2.1.2.4 - Implement stateful inspection (also known as dynamic packet filtering) 2.1.2.5 - Do not allow unauthorized outbound traffic from the cardholder data environment to the Internet 2.2 - Prohibition of vendor-supplied default password for systems and security parameters 2.2.1 -
Self-Encrypting Deception: Weaknesses in the Encryption of Solid State Drives
Self-encrypting deception: weaknesses in the encryption of solid state drives Carlo Meijer Bernard van Gastel Institute for Computing and Information Sciences School of Computer Science Radboud University Nijmegen Open University of the Netherlands [email protected] and Institute for Computing and Information Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen Bernard.vanGastel@{ou.nl,ru.nl} Abstract—We have analyzed the hardware full-disk encryption full-disk encryption. Full-disk encryption software, especially of several solid state drives (SSDs) by reverse engineering their those integrated in modern operating systems, may decide to firmware. These drives were produced by three manufacturers rely solely on hardware encryption in case it detects support between 2014 and 2018, and are both internal models using the SATA and NVMe interfaces (in a M.2 or 2.5" traditional form by the storage device. In case the decision is made to rely on factor) and external models using the USB interface. hardware encryption, typically software encryption is disabled. In theory, the security guarantees offered by hardware encryp- As a primary example, BitLocker, the full-disk encryption tion are similar to or better than software implementations. In software built into Microsoft Windows, switches off software reality, we found that many models using hardware encryption encryption and completely relies on hardware encryption by have critical security weaknesses due to specification, design, and implementation issues. For many models, these security default if the drive advertises support. weaknesses allow for complete recovery of the data without Contribution. This paper evaluates both internal and external knowledge of any secret (such as the password). -
Cryptographic Control Standard, Version
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of the Chief Information Officer Computer Security Standard Office Instruction: OCIO-CS-STD-2009 Office Instruction Title: Cryptographic Control Standard Revision Number: 2.0 Issuance: Date of last signature below Effective Date: October 1, 2017 Primary Contacts: Kathy Lyons-Burke, Senior Level Advisor for Information Security Responsible Organization: OCIO Summary of Changes: OCIO-CS-STD-2009, “Cryptographic Control Standard,” provides the minimum security requirements that must be applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) systems which utilize cryptographic algorithms, protocols, and cryptographic modules to provide secure communication services. This update is based on the latest versions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Guidance and Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) publications, Committee on National Security System (CNSS) issuances, and National Security Agency (NSA) requirements. Training: Upon request ADAMS Accession No.: ML17024A095 Approvals Primary Office Owner Office of the Chief Information Officer Signature Date Enterprise Security Kathy Lyons-Burke 09/26/17 Architecture Working Group Chair CIO David Nelson /RA/ 09/26/17 CISO Jonathan Feibus 09/26/17 OCIO-CS-STD-2009 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. -
Unlocking the Fifth Amendment: Passwords and Encrypted Devices
Fordham Law Review Volume 87 Issue 1 Article 9 2018 Unlocking the Fifth Amendment: Passwords and Encrypted Devices Laurent Sacharoff University of Arkansas School of Law, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Criminal Procedure Commons Recommended Citation Laurent Sacharoff, Unlocking the Fifth Amendment: Passwords and Encrypted Devices, 87 Fordham L. Rev. 203 (2018). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol87/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNLOCKING THE FIFTH AMENDMENT: PASSWORDS AND ENCRYPTED DEVICES Laurent Sacharoff* Each year, law enforcement seizes thousands of electronic devices— smartphones, laptops, and notebooks—that it cannot open without the suspect’s password. Without this password, the information on the device sits completely scrambled behind a wall of encryption. Sometimes agents will be able to obtain the information by hacking, discovering copies of data on the cloud, or obtaining the password voluntarily from the suspects themselves. But when they cannot, may the government compel suspects to disclose or enter their password? This Article considers the Fifth Amendment protection against compelled disclosures of passwords—a question that has split and confused courts. It measures this right against the legal right of law enforcement, armed with a warrant, to search the device that it has validly seized. -
Pgpfone Pretty Good Privacy Phone Owner’S Manual Version 1.0 Beta 7 -- 8 July 1996
Phil’s Pretty Good Software Presents... PGPfone Pretty Good Privacy Phone Owner’s Manual Version 1.0 beta 7 -- 8 July 1996 Philip R. Zimmermann PGPfone Owner’s Manual PGPfone Owner’s Manual is written by Philip R. Zimmermann, and is (c) Copyright 1995-1996 Pretty Good Privacy Inc. All rights reserved. Pretty Good Privacy™, PGP®, Pretty Good Privacy Phone™, and PGPfone™ are all trademarks of Pretty Good Privacy Inc. Export of this software may be restricted by the U.S. government. PGPfone software is (c) Copyright 1995-1996 Pretty Good Privacy Inc. All rights reserved. Phil’s Pretty Good engineering team: PGPfone for the Apple Macintosh and Windows written mainly by Will Price. Phil Zimmermann: Overall application design, cryptographic and key management protocols, call setup negotiation, and, of course, the manual. Will Price: Overall application design. He persuaded the rest of the team to abandon the original DOS command-line approach and designed a multithreaded event-driven GUI architecture. Also greatly improved call setup protocols. Chris Hall: Did early work on call setup protocols and cryptographic and key management protocols, and did the first port to Windows. Colin Plumb: Cryptographic and key management protocols, call setup negotiation, and the fast multiprecision integer math package. Jeff Sorensen: Speech compression. Will Kinney: Optimization of GSM speech compression code. Kelly MacInnis: Early debugging of the Win95 version. Patrick Juola: Computational linguistic research for biometric word list. -2- PGPfone Owner’s -
A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web
A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web Applications Gabriela Sampaio Imperial College London, UK [email protected] José Fragoso Santos INESC-ID/Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Imperial College London, UK [email protected] Petar Maksimović Imperial College London, UK [email protected] Philippa Gardner Imperial College London, UK [email protected] Abstract We introduce a trusted infrastructure for the symbolic analysis of modern event-driven Web applica- tions. This infrastructure consists of reference implementations of the DOM Core Level 1, DOM UI Events, JavaScript Promises and the JavaScript async/await APIs, all underpinned by a simple Core Event Semantics which is sufficiently expressive to describe the event models underlying these APIs. Our reference implementations are trustworthy in that three follow the appropriate standards line-by-line and all are thoroughly tested against the official test-suites, passing all the applicable tests. Using the Core Event Semantics and the reference implementations, we develop JaVerT.Click, a symbolic execution tool for JavaScript that, for the first time, supports reasoning about JavaScript programs that use multiple event-related APIs. We demonstrate the viability of JaVerT.Click by proving both the presence and absence of bugs in real-world JavaScript code. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Software and its engineering → Formal software verification; Software and its engineering → Software testing and debugging Keywords and phrases Events, DOM, JavaScript, promises, symbolic execution, bug-finding Digital Object Identifier 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.28 Acknowledgements Fragoso Santos, Gardner, and Maksimović were partially supported by the EPSRC Programme Grant ‘REMS: Rigorous Engineering for Mainstream Systems’ (EP/K008528/1) and the EPSRC Fellowship ‘VetSpec: Verified Trustworthy Software Specification’ (EP/R034567/1). -
Get Started with HTML5 ● Your Best Bet to Experiment with HTML5 – Safari – Chrome As of – Beta: Firefox 4 and IE 9
BibhasBibhas BhattacharyaBhattacharya CTO,CTO, WebWeb AgeAge SolutionsSolutions [email protected]@webagesolutions.com www.webagesolutions.com/trainingwww.webagesolutions.com/training Get Started With HTML5 ● Your best bet to experiment with HTML5 – Safari – Chrome As of – Beta: FireFox 4 and IE 9. October 2010 ● Test your browser: – html5test.com – html5demos.com – www.findmebyip.com/litmus ● JavaScript library to test for HTML5 features – www.modernizr.com Browser Support ● Dreamweaver CS5 11.0.3 update will install HTML5 compatibility pack. ● CS4 and CS3 users should download the pack from Dreamweaver Exchange. ● See a demo: – www.youtube.com/watch?v=soNIxy2sj0A DreamWeaver Story - The canvas element - Custom audio & video player - New semantic elements - Geolocation (header, section, footer etc.) - Local data storage - New form input elements - Web SQL & IndexedDB (e-mail, date, time etc.) - Offline apps - Audio and video - Messaging - CSS3 - Web worker - Push using WebSocket For web page designers For developers What's New in HTML5? SimplifiedSimplified <!DOCTYPE html> DOCTYPEDOCTYPE <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> Simplified <meta charset="UTF-8"> Simplified charsetcharset settingsetting </head> <body> <p>Hello World</p> </body> </html> Basic HTML 5 Document ● Elements that have no special visual styling but are used to provide structure and meaning to the content. ● HTML4 semantic elements – div (block) – span (in line) ● HTML5 semantic elements – header, footer, section, article, aside, time and others.. -
Case Study on the Official Scripts Electronic Applications in Bantul)
I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 4, 1-6 Published Online July 2017 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/) DOI: 10.5815/ijieeb.2017.04.01 The Implementation of Pretty Good Privacy in eGovernment Applications (Case Study on the Official Scripts Electronic Applications in Bantul) Didit Suprihanto Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Mulawarman, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, 75123 Email: [email protected] Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo Department of Computer Sciences & Electronics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281 Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract—eGovernment application has evolved from the world [1]. The United Nations‘ global survey reports simply appearing as a website providing news and some ICT indicators that point to the measure of how far information, to the application that provides various a nation has gone in the implementation of e-governance services through online transactions. Provision of online such as: 1.E-readiness, 2.Web measure index, 3. transactions require the effectively and safely service, so Telecommunications infrastructure index, 4. Human the users can make sure that the entry data is secure and capital index, 5. E-participation index[2] will not be used by other parties which are not authorized. Information security is a major factor in the service of Security is also necessary for the service provider side of eGovernment. The using of the host to host in previous online transactions, it is necessary to keep the system, and services of eGovernment is considered as lacking in the data transactions sent through the communications security. Therefore, it needs more security to serve clients media and the data stored in the database are secured. -
I2P, the Invisible Internet Projekt
I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt jem September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Content 1 Introduction About Me About I2P Technical Overview I2P Terminology Tunnels NetDB Addressbook Encryption Garlic Routing Network Stack Using I2P Services Using I2P with any Application Tips and Tricks (and Links) Conclusion jem | I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt | September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Introduction About Me 2 I Just finished BSc Informatik at BFH I Bachelor Thesis: "Analysis of the I2P Network" I Focused on information gathering inside and evaluation of possible attacks against I2P I Presumes basic knowledge about I2P I Contact: [email protected] (XMPP) or [email protected] (GPG 0x28562678) jem | I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt | September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Introduction About I2P: I2P = TOR? 3 Similar to TOR... I Goal: provide anonymous communication over the Internet I Traffic routed across multiple peers I Layered Encryption I Provides Proxies and APIs ...but also different I Designed as overlay network (strictly separated network on top of the Internet) I No central authority I Every peer participates in routing traffic I Provides integrated services: Webserver, E-Mail, IRC, BitTorrent I Much smaller and less researched jem | I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt | September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Introduction About I2P: Basic Facts 4 I I2P build in Java (C++ implementation I2Pd available) I Available for all major OS (Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android) I Small project –> slow progress, chaotic documentation,