International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology ISSN 2250 – 1959(0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal

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IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

CULTURAL EFFLORESENCE CONTRIBUTION OF MIR OSMAN ALI KHAN FROM 1911-1948. IN THE MIRROR OF ARCHIVES.

Author by :

DR.JAYARAM GOLLAPUDI,

M.A.,M.Phil., Ph.D.,

All the records preserved in Andhra Pradesh State Archives and Research Institute serve as extremely valuable primary source material and as rich documentary evidences, holding for retrospective research. Who are working on every aspects of life of the reign of Asaf Jahi’s., political, economic administrative and social history of the Deccan.

Andhra Pradesh State Archives and Research Institute possesses in its custody 50 millions of old and historical records not only for recent administrative records but also the records of the various dynasties of the Deccan such as the Bahmani, ‘Qutubshahi”, ‘Adilshahi” and “Mughals” as well as a large quantum of a perfect series of Asaf Jahi records apart from these Andhra State, Andhra Pradesh, and Madras Presidency records also in Persian, , Marathi, Telugu and English language are available.

An attempt is made to highlight the “Cultural Contribution of Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan 1911-1948”. This Article provides a salient features on the contribution of ‘Nizam VII” in chronological order the achievements based on the original Persian and Urdu source material of Archives.

In the annals of the history, the role of ‘Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan” was promoted cultural, administrative and economic development of Hyderabad was impanel. The records belonging to ‘Mir Osman Ali Khan” regime, throw lucid light on his untiring zeal for encouraging cultural synthesis.1

The early period of Mir Osman Ali Khan’s regime, was focused and attention was paid for revival of ancient culture of the Deccan by establishment of Archaeology department, through the Farman of Nizam the VII on 28th Shawwal 1331H/

30th September, 1913. It is also ordered that the expenditure of the preservation of Ajanta and Ellora caves will be borne by the Government and an expert was called for on construction matter for a period of three years and an amount of Rs.9795/- was sanctioned.1

This interest in the revival of the ancient culture of the Nizam’s Dominions is to be linked with the constructive steps taken towards the preservation of great monuments of the ancient and medieval period and the revival of an interest of the past culture of . Archaeology department organized at the instance of Sir John Marshall, the then Director General of Archaeology.2

1 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Instalment-79, list 1, Sl.No.900, Establishment of Archaeology Department. 2 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing No.78, Installment 5, Sl.No.236, construction andrepair of Ajanta & other monuments. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 345 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

Similarly in 1913 an arzdasht was submitted by the Prime Minister to Nizam the VII for sanctioning a large sum of money for enlarging the minars of the famous Qutb shahi mosque, the Mecca Masjid, Nizam had ordered that the steps should be taken to preserve and reconstruct the minars and as per the desires of Nizam’s, the suggestions an expert for the reconstructions of the minars was also taken2. The Nizam had ordered that the steps should be taken to preserve minerates of and monuments on scientific lines. It shows his broader and liberal attitude of the ruler towards the Archaeological department. Nizam burning desires that the Archaeology department has to play an outstanding role in the preservation of the ancient and medieval culture of the Deccan and preservation of world famous frescoes of Ajanta and Ellora.

Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan Nizam the VI initiated to construct Town Hall, but it was not completed as such the proposal of the construction of the building of Town Hall was submitted by the Finance Minister to Nizam the VII on 6th Isfandar, 1334F/ 8th January, 1925 and requested for approval of Rs.150 lakhs the ruler warmly and immediately approved of Rs.150 lakhs as per the proposal.3

Mir Osman Ali Khan Nizam VII was a progressive ruler and an enthusiastic patron of architecture. His reign ushered in a new era of construction of public buildings and he has adorned the city of Hyderabad with a large number of beautiful buildings as monuments of his wise administrations i.e., Chau Mahal Mubarak, High Court, Osmania General Hospital, Jagirdar College, Jubilee Hall, Industrial Exhibition, Jubilee Pavilion, Central Military Hospital, Aza Khana Zahra, Kachiguda Railway Station, Shah Manzil, Secretariat Buildings, Health Museums, Nizamia Unani Hospital, Asafia Library, Mouzam Jahi Market, Billavasta, Mahbubia Girls High School, City High School, London Mosque, Leprosy Asylum at Dichpally, Musafirkhana Nampally, Nizam Palace Delhi most of the records are available in the Archives Department in detailed.4

Mir Osman Ali Khan ordered to renovate and repair the mosque at Ajmer and established the school of religious studies and sanctioned money lavishly.5

Mir Osman Ali Khan like all his predecessors, followed a policy of broad and liberal tolerance towards all religions and religious sects amongst his subjects Mir Osman Ali Khan was well known for his religious tolerance and secular attitude like his father Mir . The Nizam VII always proclaims that the Hindus and Muslims were his two eyes.

The Andhra Pradesh State Archives has documentary evidences as a living proof of religious tolerance of the Nizam VII. This paper based purely on original sources of Archives which deals with some of the important cases of his time, which shows the secular thinking and thoughts and broad vision of the Asaf Jahi ruler in general.

Mir Osman Ali Khan time to time provided grants for the spiritual needs of its subjects without any discrimination between Hindu and Muslims. A large number of temples and mutts

3 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; file bearing No.70, list No.9, Sl.No.124 and file 524, conservation & preservation of Monuments and Administration report of Nizam Dominion for 1322F/6th October, 1912-1913 Hyderabad, 1915, Pp-72-73 4 Government of Hyderabad, Silver Jubilee Volume 1937, Pp-32-37 5 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Gazettee Extraordinary, 8th Ispandar, 1334/8th January, 1925. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 346 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) monetarily supported by the State. The churches, Gurudwaras and parsi institutions not only received grant in the State, but in India and abroad also.6

Mir Osman Ali Khan was a great statesman and promoted culture in Hyderabad, lot of expenses were spent for the festivals of Hindu and Muslims and which were celebrated mutually and cordially. The ceremonies of Ids were held at the Kothis and Mahals of the Hindu nobles, where as the Hindu festivals were celebrated in the Deccan by the Muslim nobles specially the festivals of Nagpanchami, Holi, Diwali, Ramazan and Muharrum etc. Muslim festivals were celebrated by Maharaja Kishen Prashad the then Prime Minister along with Paigah and Hindu nobles.

Nizam VII provided necessary arrangements and felicitate eminent religious leader “Guruswamy Danamamal along with his companion on his tour in Deccan. With a band of soldiers, Elephants and orchestra for the reception of Swamiji was given on 26th Bahman 1323F/29th December, 1913, Apart from this all the expenditure of his stay was borne by the State and a shawl and robe of honour was presented by Nizam.7

An another prominent religious leader Parthivani Bhanikar of Muthkanchi, came to Hyderabad on 17th Isfandar 1324F/ 20th January, 1915. Orders were issued by the ruler the arrangement of his reception even before his arrival and Nizam bestowed robes to the Swamiji as a mark of honour and tribute to his eminence, this attitude of the ruler shows the perfect and successful culture of Hyderabad .

In the village of Elur situated in there is a Kund just below the Ellora caves constructed by Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar. At a distance of a quarter of a mile from this Kund, there is a temple of Grishweshwar temple originally which was constructed by Shivaji’s ancestors. Nizam lavishly granted Rs.20,495.00 for repair and maintenance of the temple on 4th Shaban, 1358H/ 18th September, 1939. The entire action was completed in two months and twenty days. Nizam had given a huge amount for conservation and proper preservation of historical temples.8

The rule of last Nizam, is considerable to be the best in the long and chequered history of Asaf Jahi Dynasty. Mir Osman Ali Khan was instrumented for the promotion of conservation and preservation of the different monuments including particularly Non-Muslim relics. Nizam VII had himself played a pioneering role for promotion of the culture of Hyderabad.

Priests were paid a pensioner amount on a monthly basis. After the death of Jai Bhagwandas, the priest of Sita Ram Bagh Temple, his son Ram Bilas, the priest was awarded by Nizam the VII as a remuneration for life time of Rs.20/- at every month.9

In 1903 the grant of Rs.5,000/- for Thousand Pillors Temple at Warangal, was continued during the period of Mir Mahboob Ali Khan. After the death of Nizam the VI, Mir Osman Ali Khan

6 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Administrative Report of Nizam Administration. 1911-12 Religious Tolerence Modern Medieval period. Ecclesiastical Report of Nizam Dominion.

7 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File Installment 79, List-3, Sl.No.800, Robe of honors and a parting gift to Sri Gurudanamamal and Swamy Prathiwani Bhankikar Mutkanchi, eminent religious leaders and priests. 8 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; file bearing Installment 11, list 3, Sl.No.226, preservation of Greshweshwara Temple at Eluru. 9 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman of Nizam, Vol.1, dated 5th Rabi-II 1358H/25 May, 1939. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 347 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) received the Arzdasht of Faridunji the then Private Secretary, regarding the conservation of historical monuments, i.e. Thousand Pillors Temple. Under the farman of Nizam the VII stated that “I quite console with your opinion, mentioned in your arzdasht dated 12th Rajab 1320H/ and the antiquities and places of historic interest in this Dominions should be maintained and saved”. Therefore necessary arrangement were made, the Pillars, floor and improvement of the drainage system, leveling and planting of the trees was done in the court of the temple. Accordingly an amount of Rs.11,687/-was sanctioned by Nizam VII.10

Mir Osman Ali Khan endowed grants to the temple that shown his magnanimity and vision in keeping secular values of the culture and fabric in Hyderabad State and also His Highness was a broad mined cultural Ambassador.

Osman Ali Khan provided a huge amount to eminent learned Institutions and scholars not only in India, but also other countries without any difference of religions faiths.

One lakh rupees was granted to Andhra University in 1st Safar 1357H/ 3rd April 1936 A.D.11

Nizam VII was out and out secular in thought and practice through the Farman dated 15th Ziqada 1357H/ 7th Janaury, 1939 a donation of one lakh was sanctioned to Benaras Hindu University. It was ordered that the president of Executive Council should communicate this information to the Maharaja Bikaner when he visited Hyderabad.12

The Nizam’s charity and benevolence rained all over India. He financed regularly scores of educational, medical and socio charitable Institution, Aligarh Muslim University, Lady Harding College, Biritsh Red Cross Society etc.

Indian Academy of Science at Bangalore was launched on 24th April, 1934 for consultation with some of the eminent scientists of the day. The aim and objective of the Academy was the same as that of Royal Society of Great Britain. The meticulous thinking that was given to the case at every stage, the analysis made, the consultative approach, and the fair treatment meted out are indeed noteworthy.

Mir Osman Ali Khan set up Telugu Academy to bring out to light the hidden Telugu literature. Nizam VII paved the way for cultural and literary activity with the sole object of coordinating and blending the various culture and languages to promote and enrich and literature. Nizam was manificent in granting 4,000 (non recurring) and Rs.2000/- annually recurring grants.13

10 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Instalment No.34, list,3, Sl.No.863, farman of Nizam the VII 1320H/ 1912 repairs, maintenance and preservation of the Temple of thousand pillors and the fort at Warangal and preservation and conservation and maintenance of the Archaeology monuments, and Archaeological report of Nizam Dominions for the year 1331-33F/ 1921-1924calcatta, 1926, Pp-7, and report of 1938 Calcutta, 1931, Pp.11-12.

11 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman of Mir Osman Ali Khan dated 1st Safar 1357H/ 3rd April, 1936 : Grant to Andhra University 12 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Instalment 84, list 5, Sl.No.434 Farman issued on 13th Ziqada 1359H/ 7th January, 1939, regarding the grant of Benaras Hindu Unity. 13 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Installment 88, list No.6, Sl.No.101, sanctioned an annual grant Rs.2000/- non-recurring grant of Rs.4000/- to Telugu Academy. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 348 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

Mir Osman Ali Khan stressed the need to cullout the ancient Indian buildings culture and promote publication of books on Indian culture. He sanctioned 100 Pounds for this purpose according to farman issued on 8th July, 1934 for a book on Hindu Structures in Hyderabad Deccan.14

Under the Farmans of Mir Osman Ali Khan provided a huge grant to Shantinikatan which was founded by Rabindranath Tagore an amount of Rs.1,25,000/-.15

A grant of 10,000 for the construction of free Moisonic lodge located at Goshamahal, Hyderabad.16

Nizam VII had very much concern to poor and deprived students, He liberally granted huge amount to Ghokhle Memorial Scholarship scheme.17

Nizam VII tried to promote the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune an amount of Rs.25000/- per month was granted for the construction of Guest House for the stay of the needy students for promotion of research in Sanskrit language and literature on 4th Jamadi-1st 1351H/ 6th September, 1932. He also ordered to release financial aid of Rs.1000/- annually for a period of 10 years for the publication of the Mahabharath by the said institution 18

The Archival sources throws a beacon light on true secular credentials of Nizam VII. He donated magnificently to Hindu temples, Churches, Gurudwaras and Muslim mosques etc. The enrichment of culture always revolves around secular outlook farsightedness and pragmatic approach. Mir Osman Ali Khan had liberally proved that he was secularist to the core and thus he worked hard to promote cultural efflorescence in Hyderabad State.

There are thousands of files preserved in A.P. State Archives with regards to Haj piligrimage. Nizam VII encouraged Haj Qafilas as it is obligatory for every Muslim to visit Kabatullah Sharif. Doctors were drafted to every ship that was proceedings to Mecca from Bombay port.

Under the Civil Service Rules a Muslim Government servant is entitled special leave for six months for visiting to holy places, Mecca, Madina, Karbala, Najaf, Bagdad, Mashad (Iran) and Bait- ul-Muqaddas (Jerusalam) as per the recommendation of the council the amendments were made and orders issued by the Nizam VII on 16th Rabi-II, 1335H/29th July, 1934. Under the same service rules for Hindu employees entitled to a special leave not exceeding six months, advance salary for going on pilgrimage to the holy places, 19 as shown below:

14 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; file bearing Installment 84, list 1, Sl.No.139, proposal for sanctioning aid to the Indian society, London for publication of a book on Ancient Hindu Structures in Hyderabad Deccan. 15 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment No.82, list-1, Sl.No.14, Application of Rabindranath Tagore for financial aid to Vishwa Bharathi University at Shantineketan. 16 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment 11, list-1, Sl.No.697-703, Public charities Miscellaneous subscription, donation of Rs.10,000/- for the construction of the building of free Maisonic Lodge Temple.

17 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman of Nizam the VII, on 15th Ramazan, 1333F/ 28th July, 1915, as per the proposals of the educational scholarship committee for Gohkle memorial scholarships was approved and installment No.79, list-3, Sl.No.850, Gohkle Memorial Fund. 18 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment No.83, list-7, Sl.No.93, for the construction of a guest house on the Bhandarkar Institute, Pune and Publication of the Mahabharat, Education Department. 19 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment -84, list-1, Sl.No.119, Proposal for grant of 6 months leave to Hindu employees par with Muslim employees Amendments to Clause – 180 of the Civil Service Rules. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 349 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

1. Badrinath The Himalayan range 2. Puri Jagannath Eastern India 3. Rameshwaram Southern India 4. Dwarkanath Western India 5. Prayag Allahabad 6. Kashi Banaras 7. Gaya Bihar

Further the Nizam VII issued orders for restoration of cash grant and payment of arrears to Anantgiri and Balaji temples situated in Kolas a small village in the district of Nanded (now in Maharashtra State) which was then a part of the erstwhile Nizam’s dominion. The sequence of events which reveals interesting reading. The twin temples of Anantgiri-Balaji were getting cash grant of Rs.1398/3/8; from the Samasthan of Kolas for its maintenance in addition to the land grant. The grant continued for long even after the confiscation of the Samasthan but was stopped subsequently.20

Farman dated 16th Muharram, 1367 H/30th November, 1947. In this farman Nizam VII reiterates that he would protect the life property and interests of citizens irrespective of caste and creed. He also appeals to the people of the state to keep themselves away from communal disturbances and help him to administer the State peacefully.* The afore-mentioned examples pertain to a few individual cases. To have an overall picture of the religious tolerance and secular policy followed by the Nizam VII both in words and good deeds under the justification of the masses.21

The following statistical data speaks of in catholic mind in assisted temples pertaining to the year 1358 F/1948 provides interesting details and the benevolent composite cultural tolerance of Nizam VII.

a. The total mamulat of ahl-i-Hundus (our Hindu brothers) was Rs.4878/2/6 and total mamulat of ahl-i-Muslims was Rs. 3363/5/1.

b. The land property worth of Rs.5,45,334 was in the possession of the Hindus temples in the form of jagirs and inams.

c. The naqd cash i.e. net cash payment of Rs. 69,955 – was granted to the temples by the Hyderabad Government.

d. The special attention in the form of cash transactions were given to temples by the Nizam Government. Sl. Name Amount No 1. Temple Sikhar located at Maha-district Adilabad was Rs.60,000

20 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File Installment No.80, Vol.7, Sl.no.367, Inquiry regarding mash to Anantgiri and Balaji Temple located at Kolar Village, i.e. Nanded District. 21 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman dated 16th Muharram, 1367H/ 30th November, 1947. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 350 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

given an amount of 2. Temple Sita Ram Bagh was given an amount of Rs.50,000 3. Temple Sree Aimalwada was granted an amount of Rs.50,000 4. Temple Sree Alknath patam was granted an amount Rs.24,000 of 5. Temple Bhadrachalam Sreeramnavami was given an Rs.29,000 amount of 6. Temple Kishanbagh was granted an amount of Rs.15,000 7. Temple Math Khemdas was given an amount of Rs.10,000 8. Temple Jham Singh was given an amount of Rs.10,000 9. Temple Sri Balaji Tirupati was granted an amount of Rs. 8,000 10. Math Bhagwan Gunj was granted an amount of Rs. 4,000 11. Temple Kasinathe village Village Vokolini was Rs. 3,129 granted 12. Temple Sree Bala of Bazar Amthar was given Rs. 2,304 an amount of 13. Temple Nagnath of village Nagpur in taluq Jalna was Rs. 687 given an amount of 14. Math Balkdas was given an amount of Rs.60,000 15. Temple Yadgarpally of Taluq Bhongir was given an Rs.82,825 amount of

All the above mentioned grants were given to the temples and mutts was value of rupees in those days.

This file has given lot of information but I am giving some of the information’s regarding another gesture of (106) grants i.e. mash was given to Non-Muslims for performing religious duties of Muslims i.e. mosques, dargah ashurkhanas and making arrangements for muharram mourning’s and installation of alams some of them as given below.

I. Annual grants were made by the Nizam VII to 19 persons for consecrating and reciting the Puranas. An amount of Rs.1,522/5/9 was issued for perpetual continuing the promotion of the culture of the Hindus.

II. The annual grant issued on 54 Shastries was Rs. 3014/10/6.

III. The annual grant issued to 4 Shastries of other courties was Rs.328/4/6.

IV. The annual grant of Rs.776/13/5- was issued to 76 Bhajan reciters.

V. The annual grant issued to one Inamdar as a Katha Recital of Nizam Dominion was Rs.52/- per month.

VI. The annual grant issued to the temples located in the Nizam Dominion yearly conventions and for celebrating the festivals of different events the amount was Rs.76,216/1/7-.

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VII. 234 – villages were granted as Jagirs to 170 Hindu brothers and the revenue of these village was Rs.3,1874/15/5- These were given on the condition that this revenue should be utilized to perform regular and prompt poojas in the temples and the other religious matters and the other side as a jagir of 270 villgers for 105

Muslims, the revenue was Rs.4,50,651/10/6.

VIII. A grant of Rs.3,10,946/6/3- was issued in cash grant to 11,355 temples and a grant of Rs. 59,674/2/3- was issued to 6.331 mosque as a mash.

IX. The total cash granted to the institutions of Non-Muslims annually from the budget of Eccllesiatical and Education Departments was 11,16,885.8/-

X. The total cash grants to the Non-Muslim institutions located in the country was Rs. 67,257/12/1- from the Sicca-i-Osmani.

XI. The daily Yaumia daily grants given to Non-Muslim were Rs.19,403/7/-.

XII. Non-Muslims i.e. Hindus were grant 1315 villages as Jagir without any condition so that they may lead a happy and prosperous life. The revenue of these villages was Rs. 20,96,936/3/9/-.

XIII. The monthly mansab granted by the Nizam to 416 people for their community of their generation even after their death was Rs.16,791/9/4-22

The another cultural contribution of Nizam the VII establishment of Osmania University which was named after the seventh Nizam, was the product of a series of attempts over a period of nearly half a century to set up in Hyderabad an institution of higher learning which would be worthy of the premier State of India. Nizam the VII did an excellent service in encouraging University education to his subjects with untiring zeal and enthusiasm. But the gigantic task of construction of the building, up a new University at Hyderabad State would not been active success without the sympathetic and affirmative attitude of Lord Chelmford and the sincere and genuine cooperation of eminent British Indian educationists and statesman. A number of new Urdu Schools were opened between the year of Nizam’s accession in 1911 to opening of University in 1917. the Education Department was placed under the charge of Home Department.

In the farman of Nizam the VII it is stated that the fundamental principle of education should be Urdu language may be declared as the medium of higher education, but English as a subject may be made compulsory for each and every student on 4th Rajab 1335H/26th April, 1917.23

Archives having in its custody many of the files relating to Establishment of Osmania University and construction of building also. Thus with Glancy’s and Faridunji’s support that the

22 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File 10/86, Mahafizi No.19/86, 1358F/1948, Mutamad-i-Adalat-wo-kotwali-wo-Umoor-i-Aama Sarkar-i-Aali, (Home Department) supply of the information regarding the subsistence to Hindus.

23 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Sl.No.471, installment 81,list-1 : construction of Osmania University. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 352 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

Nizam’s farman was obtained for the sanction of the constitution and that the Osmania University came into existence on 22nd September, 1918.

The establishment of Osmania University which was named after the VII Nizam, was the product of a series of attempts over a period of nearly half a century to set up in Hyderabad.

The University, a cherished longtime dream and ideal of many interested and dedicated individuals was finally inaugurated by the Nizam on 28th August, 1919. The door of the higher education of Osmania University under the guidance and patronage of Osman Ali Khan, opened to the poorer classes of Hyderabadis, irrespective of caste and creed.

Dr. A.H. Mackenzie was appointed Pro Vice-Chancellor Osmania University on 28th July, 1934. He was a liberal minded educationist. He was a firm believer in the theory that the Indian language should be the media of institution for higher education.24

Sir Duncan Mackenzie the resident at Hyderabad became a staunch supporter of the Urdu medium of instruction policy for secondary school stage as well. In March, 1935 Nizam VII approved a committee of officials to reorganize the educational system in the State. One of the major achievements of the first seven years of Osman’s reign was the setting up the first University in India and to use as Indian language as its medium of instruction.25

The rule unifying of Osmania University as the cultural bond between different communities of India. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru commented that the creating of the Osmania University for better understanding among the different communities till the end this world the credit goes to Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan.

According to the Yaddasth in between 1342F to 1346F preserved in Archival records, the number of Government Schools has increased from 4541 to 4830. In other words 300 new schools have been established. The strength of student has increased substantially from 3,26,906 compared to 3,62,150. Special attention was given by the Nizam VII towards the girls education and 720 schools were opened for them where the number of girls students was 52,000. Simultaneously a first Class Womens College also established.

Through the Yaddasth the Physical Training has been made compulsory and a college established for teaching to learn physical exercise and skills. In the education curriculum Illiteracy or school drop outs is a common problem. Hence Adult education programme introduced and Government schools were established in the District headquarters and villages to impart education for downtrodden and educational backward people.

In all the schools there was no room for discrimination of caste and creed and colour. In fact there were about 100 selected government schools established for particular castes to avoid

24 Dr. A.H. Mackenzie’s convocation address at Osmania University, Hyderabad, 4th March, 1935. 25 The Educational policy of India with English as the medium of instruction for higher education was decided during the viceroyalty of Lord William Bentink in 1835 and speech of Lord Chelimford in meeting as a Director.

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 353 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 1 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) problems of race and caste basis. The strength of Osmania University has gone to 1868 which was the normal limit of admission in 1346F. The translation work is recognized as to the standards that of western writers translated 290 in Hindustani language in various subjects more than 50,000 words on educational terminology have been incorporated.

Industrial exhibitions are the instruments for promotion of cultural synthesis. With this view Nizam VII organized Industrial exhibition yearly at Hyderabad from 1937. The art facets and textiles of various region of India contributed much to understand the cultural traditions outside Hyderabad.26

Indeed Nizam VII contribution of culture is immense and immeasurable. Even though he was strict follower of Islamic Principles, we showed an outstanding tolerance towards Hindus Christians and Sikhs. In His 37 years of long administration, He planted and introduced many number of reforms for the upliftment of the people. He laid strong foundation for cultural transformation and tried his utmost best for cultural synthesis. His pragmatic approach for emancipation of women is laudable and praiseworthy. In spite of much opposition he introduced progressive reforms and encouraged Education particularly the downtrodden and vulnerable sections of the society. This article has only a tip of the iceberg to focus only, Nizam contribution to cutt to study in Nizam’s VII is extremely a fascinating and research work has to taken to collect, assemble, arrange and analyses the social contribution of the Nizam VII.

Basing on my experience in A.P. State Archives since 1987, I found that there are millions of Persian and Urdu records which throw flood light on varied subjects. At the outset three to four comprehensive volumes will be brought out on Culture, Administration, Agrarian polices of Nizam VII.

REFERENCES 1. Andhra Pradesh State Archives & Research Institute, (In this article hereafter A.P.S.A. & R.I.) Gazettee extra ordinary, No.1 ….., 1911A and Administrative Report of Hyderabad State, 1912-13. 2. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Instalment-79, list 1, Sl.No.900, Establishment of Archaeology Department. 3. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing No.78, Installment 5, Sl.No.236, construction and repair of Ajanta & other monuments. 4. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; file bearing No.70, list No.9, Sl.No.124 and file 524, conservation & preservation of Monuments and Administration report of Nizam Dominion for 1322F/6th October, 1912-1913 Hyderabad, 1915, Pp-72-73 5. Government of Hyderabad, Silver Jubilee Volume 1937, Pp-32-37. 6. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Gazettee Extraordinary, 8th Ispandar, 1334/8th January, 1925. 7. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Administrative Report of Nizam Administration. 1911-12 Religious Tolerence Modern Medieval period. Ecclesiastical Report of Nizam

26 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Yaddasht for the development of Hyderabad during the period of 1342 to 1346F. (for five years progress).

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Dominion. 8. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File Installment 79, List-3, Sl.No.800, Robe of honour and a parting gift to Sri Gurudanamamal and Swamy Prathiwani Bhankikar Mutkanchi, eminent religious leaders and priests. 9. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; file bearing Installment 11, list 3, Sl.No.226, preservation of Greshweshwara Temple at Eluru. 10. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman of Nizam, Vol.1, dated 5th Rabi-II 1358H/25 May, 1939. 11. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Instalment No.34, list,3, Sl.No.863, farman of Nizam the VII 1320H/ 1912 repairs, maintenance and preservation of the Temple of thousand pillors and the fort at Warangal and preservation and conservation and maintenance of the Archaeology monuments, and Archaeological report of Nizam Dominions for the year 1331-33F/ 1921-1924calcatta, 1926, Pp-7, and report of 1938 Calcutta, 1931, Pp.11-12. 12. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman of Mir Osman Ali Khan dated 1st Safar 1357H/ 3rd April, 1936 : Grant to Andhra University. 13. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Instalment 84, list 5, Sl.No.434 Farman issued on 13th Ziqada 1359H/ 7th January, 1939, regarding the grant of Benaras Hindu Unity. 14. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Installment 88, list No.6, Sl.No.101, sanctioned an annual grant Rs.2000/- non-recurring grant of Rs.4000/- to Telugu Academy. 15. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; file bearing Installment 84, list 1, Sl.No.139, proposal for sanctioning aid to the Indian society, London for publication of a book on Ancient Hindu Structures in Hyderabad Deccan. 16. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment No.82, list-1, Sl.No.14, Application of Rabindranath Tagore for financial aid to Vishwa Bharathi University at Shantineketan. 17. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment 11, list-1, Sl.No.697-703, Public charities Miscellaneous subscription, donation of Rs.10,000/- for the construction of the building of free Maisonic Lodge Temple. 18. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman of Nizam the VII, on 15th Ramazan, 1333F/ 28th July, 1915, as per the proposals of the educational scholarship committee for Gohkle memorial scholarships was approved and installment No.79, list-3, Sl.No.850, Gohkle Memorial Fund. 19. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment No.83, list-7, Sl.No.93, for the construction of a guest house on the Bhandarkar Institute, Pune and Publication of the Mahabharat, Education Department. 20. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Installment -84, list-1, Sl.No.119, Proposal for grant of 6 months leave to Hindu employees par with Muslim employees Amendments to Clause – 180 of the Civil Service Rules. 21. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File Installment No.80, Vol.7, Sl.no.367, Inquiry regarding mash to Anantgiri and Balaji Temple located at Kolar Village, i.e. Nanded District. 22 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Farman dated 16th Muharram, 1367H/ 30th November, 1947. 23. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File 10/86, Mahafizi No.19/86, 1358F/1948, Mutamad-i-Adalat- wo-kotwali-wo-Umoor-i-Aama Sarkar-i-Aali, (Home Department) supply of the information regarding the subsistence to Hindus.

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24 A.P.S.A. & R.I.; File bearing Sl.No.471, installment 81,list-1 : construction of Osmania University. 25. Dr. A.H. Mackenzie’s convocation address at Osmania University, Hyderabad, 4th March, 1935. 26. The Educational policy of India with English as the medium of instruction for higher education was decided during the viceroyalty of Lord William Bentink in 1835 and speech of Lord Chelimford in meeting as a Director. 27. A.P.S.A. & R.I.; Yaddasht for the development of Hyderabad during the period of 1342 to 1346F. (for five years progress).

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