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Scholars Or Spies: Foreign Plots Targeting America's Research and Development

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Scholars Or Spies: Foreign Plots Targeting America's Research and Development SCHOLARS OR SPIES: FOREIGN PLOTS TARGETING AMERICA’S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT & SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION APRIL 11, 2018 Serial No. 115–54 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 29–781PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California MO BROOKS, Alabama DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon BILL POSEY, Florida AMI BERA, California THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky ELIZABETH H. ESTY, Connecticut JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma MARC A. VEASEY, Texas RANDY K. WEBER, Texas DONALD S. BEYER, JR., Virginia STEPHEN KNIGHT, California JACKY ROSEN, Nevada BRIAN BABIN, Texas JERRY MCNERNEY, California BARBARA COMSTOCK, Virginia ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia PAUL TONKO, New York RALPH LEE ABRAHAM, Louisiana BILL FOSTER, Illinois DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida MARK TAKANO, California JIM BANKS, Indiana COLLEEN HANABUSA, Hawaii ANDY BIGGS, Arizona CHARLIE CRIST, Florida ROGER W. MARSHALL, Kansas NEAL P. DUNN, Florida CLAY HIGGINS, Louisiana RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT RALPH LEE ABRAHAM, LOUISIANA, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DONALD S. BEYER, Jr., Virginia BILL POSEY, Florida JERRY MCNERNEY, California THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas ROGER W. MARSHALL, Kansas CLAY HIGGINS, Louisiana RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BARBARA COMSTOCK, Virginia, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois ELIZABETH H. ESTY, Connecticut STEPHEN KNIGHT, California JACKY ROSEN, Nevada RALPH LEE ABRAHAM, Louisiana SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida AMI BERA, California JIM BANKS, Indiana DONALD S. BEYER, JR., Virginia ROGER W. MARSHALL, Kansas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas (II) C O N T E N T S April 11, 2018 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Ralph Lee Abraham, Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 5 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 7 Statement by Representative Donald S. Beyer, Jr., Ranking Member, Sub- committee on Oversight, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................................ 9 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 11 Statement by Representative Lamar S. Smith, Chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ..................... 13 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 15 Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, Ranking Member, Com- mittee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .... 17 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 18 Statement by Representative Barbara Comstock, Chairwoman, Subcommittee on Research and Technology, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................................ 20 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 22 Witnesses: The Honorable Michael Wessel, Commissioner, U.S.-China Economic and Se- curity Review Commission Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 24 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 27 The Honorable Michelle Van Cleave, former National Counterintelligence Ex- ecutive Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 39 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 42 Mr. Daniel Golden, Author, Spy Schools Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 50 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 53 Mr. Crane Hassold, Director of Threat Intelligence, PhishLabs Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 68 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 70 Discussion ................................................................................................................. 104 Appendix I: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions The Honorable Michael Wessel, Commissioner, U.S.-China Economic and Se- curity Review Commission .................................................................................. 128 The Honorable Michelle Van Cleave, former National Counterintelligence Ex- ecutive ................................................................................................................... 130 Mr. Daniel Golden, Author, Spy Schools ............................................................... 131 (III) IV Page Mr. Crane Hassold, Director of Threat Intelligence, PhishLabs ......................... 132 Appendix II: Additional Material for the Record Documents submitted by Representative Donald S. Beyer, Jr., Ranking Mem- ber, Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Science, Space, and Tech- nology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................... 134 SCHOLARS OR SPIES: FOREIGN PLOTS TARGETING AMERICA’S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11, 2018 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, D.C. The Subcommittees met, pursuant to call, at 10:01 a.m., in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Ralph Abraham [Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight] presiding. (1) 2 lAi\1ARS SM<TH l!''•''' EDOlF BERNICE -.>OHNSON CH•\IRM•\N RANKi\:GME\18!:R [:ongress of the 'llnited eStates House of Rcprcscntatiocs COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY 2321 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILDiNG WASHINGTON, DC 20515-6301 (702) 225-6371 Subcommittee on Oversight and Subcommittee on Research & Technology Scholars or Spies: Foreign Plots Targeting America's Research ami Development Wednesday,April11,2018 10:00 a.m. 2318 Rayburn House Office Building Hon. Michael Wessel, Commissioner. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hon. Michelle Van Cleave, former National Counterintelligence Executive Mr. Daniel Golden, Author. Spy Schools Mr. Crane Hassold. Director of Threat Intelligence. PhishLabs 3 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HEARING CHARTER April!!, 2018 TO: Members, Subcommittees on Oversight and Research and Technology FROM: Majority Staff, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology SUBJECT: Oversight Subcommittee and Research and Technology Subcommittee joint hearing: Scholars or Spies: Foreign Plots Targeting America's Research and Development The Subcommittees on Oversight and Research and Technology will hold a joint hearing entitled Scholars or Spies: Foreign Plots Targeting America's Research and Development on Wednesday, April 11, 2018, at l 0:00 a.m. in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building. Hearing Purpose: The purpose of this hearing is to explore foreign nations' exploitation of U.S. academic institutions for the purpose of accessing and engaging in the exfiltration of valuable science and technology (S&T) research and development (R&D). The FBI has warned the academic community about foreign exfiltration ofS&T R&D, including that funded by the National Science Foundation, NASA, and other federal grant-making agencies, for many years, and has urged measures be taken to protect against this threat. 1 Witnesses will discuss the extent of the threat and what can be done to prevent or mitigate the foreign exfiltration of S&T R&D from U.S. academic institutions, without stifling collaborative research activities within the academic sector. Witness List: • Hon. Michael Wessel, Commissioner, U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission • Hon. Michelle Van Cleave, former National Counterintelligence Executive • Mr. Daniel Golden, Author, Spy Schools • Mr. Crane Hassold, Director of Threat Intelligence, PhishLabs 1 See e.g., Higher Education and National Security: The Targeting ofSensitive, Proprietmy and Classified Information on Campuses ofHigher Education, FBI (Apr. 2011 ), https:l/www.fbi.gov/file-repositorylhigher­
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