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IEC 61850: Role of Conformance Testing in Successful Integration

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IEC 61850: Role of Conformance Testing in Successful Integration 1 IEC 61850: Role of Conformance Testing in Successful Integration Eric A. Udren, KEMA T&D Consulting Dave Dolezilek, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Abstract—The IEC 61850 Standard, Communications Net- a single standard solution for communications integration hav- works and Systems in Substations, provides an internationally ing high-level capabilities not available from protocols in prior recognized method of local and wide area data communications use. The most important technical objectives were: for substation and system-wide protective relaying, integration, control, monitoring, metering, and testing. It has built-in capabil- 1. Use self-description and object modeling technol- ity for high-speed control and data sharing over the communica- ogy to simplify the integration and configuration tions network, eliminating most dedicated control wiring as well process for the user. as dedicated communications channels among substations. IEC 2. Dramatically increase the functional capabilities, 61850 facilitates systems built from multiple vendors’ IEDs. Many vendors have supported the standard throughout its crea- sophistication and complexity of the integration to tion, and they are developing products to handle all the needed meet users’ ultimate relaying, control, and enterprise functions. data integration needs. This paper is the third in a series on the evolution of IEC 3. Incorporate robust, very high-speed control commu- 61850. It focuses on the purpose and value of conformance test- nications messaging that can operate among relays ing and certification. IEC 61850 is aimed at making it easy for and other IEDs to eliminate panel wiring and con- utilities to install and integrate single-vendor or multivendor trols. control and protection systems in substations and to integrate existing communications. Developers and users recognize the risk 4. Focus on a utility-oriented object development ef- of varying interpretations of such a complex standard by design- fort that rests on a standard top-level application ers and programmers in different companies. Conformance test- layer and map to lower level communications layers ing and certification by independent third parties, carried out that are in widespread use, notably in the IT world. with standardized procedures and tools by experts who are not the designers of the equipment under test, can remove much of 5. Standardize the protocol, while pushing for adoption the risk and can bring these diverse design teams to a common by the utility industry worldwide. In this way, users understanding of how exactly to implement the communications could select products from different vendors and in- functions so that the products work together. terconnect their communications ports. The products IEC 61850 includes, as part of the standard itself, a section on would all exchange the information and control conformance testing procedures. A conformance testing program messages as required without creative protocol has been established by the UCA International Users’ Group translation or interfacing by the user. Also, product (UCAIUG). This industry support and technology development manufacturers could focus their full efforts on im- committee has broad participation by utilities, vendors, and oth- plementing the one protocol, rather than supporting ers. Conformance testing of products is underway, and a selec- several choices. tion of certified products is becoming available. It is important for users to understand the value and importance of this testing On the fourth objective, the most vigorous development of program, to have a realistic view of the limitations, and to under- IEC 61850 capable products is based on IEC 61850-8-1, stand what is required to achieve a successful implementation. which maps the standard object modeling (message format The paper focuses on not only what is included in confor- definition) process to the application layer called Machine mance tests, but also what is not included and what end users Messaging Specification (MMS) and from there to message should expect. Conformance testing and certification is described for system components, including relays and other IEDs, gateway packets on Ethernet networks. servers, client/server software, integration tools, and certification On the fifth objective, we observe that IEC 61850 is a mas- software. Finally, a description and roadmap is given on how to sive 10-part document comprising mostly detailed statements use the certification process to improve the end-user integration of what sorts of messages are supported and how they are to experience. The paper describes additional measures, such as be formatted and exchanged among servers and clients in par- interoperability and functional testing, to fulfill this roadmap to ticular communications systems like Ethernet LANs. So the interoperable substation architecture. probability that two different implementers read every point in IEC 61850 in the same way is close to zero. It is normal that I. INDUSTRY VISION OF COMMON COMMUNICATIONS WITH IEC 61850 two separately developed products may work well individu- ally but not interoperate perfectly when they are interfaced The IEC 61850 Standard, Communications Networks and together. Therefore, system development must include effec- Systems in Substations [1] and its predecessor UCA for Sub- tive and complete testing and debugging processes to assure station Control arose from the efforts of pioneering utility and that things work right the first time. vendor relaying and substation control engineers who wanted 2 For IEC 61850, the industry needs an effective process for huge base of suppliers and experience, as well as conformance validating these interfaces in structured, neutral situations with certification services. For utility users, DNP3 has a particu- an effective diagnostic capability and a complete script of fea- larly effective users’ group that tracks application opportuni- tures and functions for testing. If this process works, then the ties and challenges experienced in the field, maintains the user will have a much easier time when he installs these prod- standard documents, educates and helps users, mediates com- ucts in a substation and configures them to exchange commu- patibility issues in differing protocol implementations, and nications messages to handle the protection and control for oversees the product conformance certification process carried that particular substation. out by independent test labs. See http://www.dnp.org/ for more information. II. BACKGROUND ON PRECEDING COMMUNICATIONS In the same time frame, some North American and Euro- TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE pean substation control visionaries from utilities and manufac- In the early 1990s, many utilities were adopting their first turers wanted to initiate development of a single standard for generations of microprocessor relays. One of the many drivers substation communications and control, drawing as much as for the change was and is the data communications capability. possible on standard communications layers. Under EPRI The relays saved operating or event records for faults; oscil- sponsorship and funding, a large team of experts from many lographic records; remedial action information including fault utilities and manufacturers developed UCA for substation con- type, current, and location; metered values and status indica- trol during the 1990s. With high levels of cooperation among tions; self-monitoring health reports; and setting files that competing relay and IED manufacturers, a number of UCA- could be changed remotely. compliant, Ethernet communicating relays and IEDs were The communications ports served serial data, which could available commercially by 2000. These included high-speed be exchanged with a local substation host or with remote users GOOSE multicast messaging (in a format now called GSSE in via a modem and telephone circuit. Each relay or IED vendor today’s IEC 61850) for control and continuous state exchange had a legacy communications protocol or message format. In among relays. This protocol could replace wiring and controls some cases, the user needed a special client program from that with LAN messaging and logic programmed in the relays as vendor to communicate with that family of products. was demonstrated in a couple demonstration substations that For users who installed products from only one vendor, the were built. Meanwhile, starting in 1995, IEC Technical Com- integration of communications of many relays and IEDs was mittee 57 (then called Teleprotection and Substation Control; relatively straightforward, and the access and use of the avail- now called Power System Control and Associated Communi- able information tended to be straightforward. Software inter- cations) formed Working Groups 10, 11, and 12 to develop an faces varied in their ease of use, but the user at least only had industry standard communications protocol with objectives to become familiar with one. similar to those of the EPRI UCA effort. The IEC work car- However, it was impossible to find one vendor with all the ried on independently for about 6 years. Fortunately, the IEC products needed for all substations. Accordingly, users had to working groups and the EPRI UCA project teams and com- figure out how to combine products with different protocols. mittees had a high level of shared membership, and the two Sometimes, the sharing of communications wound up being projects constantly exchanged and compared developments
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