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Archana Yadav, Reshma Solankf, Manju Sflfwal & Dolly Kumar

26 September 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 9 | Pp. 10697–10716 10.11609/jot. 3042 .9. 9. 10697–10716

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2017 | 9(9): 10697–10716

Spiders of Gujarat: a preliminary checklist

Archana Yadav 1, Reshma Solanki 2, Manju Siliwal 3 & Dolly Kumar 4 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1,2,4 Division of Entomology, Department of , Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda Baroda, ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Short Sayajiganj, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, 3 Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society, 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India OPEN ACCESS 3 Present address: Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] (corresponding author)

Abstract: This is a very first attempt to compile a checklist of initiative, surveys for documenting spiders in Gujarat from Gujarat. It is a result of primary data as well as based on were carried out from March 2014 to May 2015. published literature. The diversity of Gujarat consists of 415 under 169 genera and 40 families. Out of these, 29 genera and 17 families are endemic to Gujarat. Overall, high spider diversity was Study area recorded from zone III with 33 families, 132 genera and 278 species. Whereas, the zone with the least spider records was zone VI with only The study was conducted in Gujarat (22.309425 N 16 families, 39 genera and 70 species. This is an under estimated & 72.136230 E), India. Gujarat has 33 districts and 24 number and many new records as well as new species are expected as protected areas. The climate normally remains hot a result of more systematic studies on spiders in this region. reaching a temperature of 450C in the summer and Keywords: Arachnidae, arachnofauna, diversity, estimates. lowering down to 250C during the winter. The average annual rainfall ranges between 51 and 102 centimeters. Based on the climatic variation, Gujarat is divided The current world list of spider includes 46,386 into eight agro-climatic zones by the Agriculture and species under 4,026 genera and 113 families (WSC Co-operation Department, Government of Gujarat: (i) 2017). India has over 1,700 species belonging to 450 lower southern Gujarat, (ii) upper southern Gujarat, (iii) genera under 61 families (WSC 2017). So far, in India, middle Gujarat, (iv) northern Gujarat, (v) Bhal & coastal state level checklists have not been compiled. This area, (vi) southern , (vii) northern Saurashtra, information is crucial for the forest department to and (viii) northwestern zone (Fig. 1, Table 1). Each understand the wealth of in their states. zone varies from the other in terms of its habitat, flora, With this objective, the Gujarat Biodiversity Board (GBB) climate, soil and rainfall. These variations in the zones initiated projects for compilation and documentation of results in the diverse groups of organisms, thus making it biodiversity of various taxa in Gujarat. As a result of this a potential site for carrying out the present study.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3042.9.9.10697-10716 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8D7A6178-B324-4401-AB4E-C6039A328089

Editor: M. Ganeshkumar, Coimbatore, India. Date of publication: 26 September 2017 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 3042 | Received 08 November 2016 | Final received 23 August 2017 | Finally accepted 03 September 2017

Citation: Yadav, A., R. Solanki, M. Siliwal & D. Kumar (2017). Spiders of Gujarat: a preliminary checklist. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(9): 10697–10716 ; http://doi. org/10.11609/jott.3042.9.9.10697-10716

Copyright: © Yadav et al. 2017. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.

Funding: Gujarat Biodiversity Board.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the funding agency, Gujarat Biodiversity Board for sanctioning this project and giving this opportunity to work on the amazing biodiversity of Gujarat. We would like to thank Dr. Jamal A. Khan, Chairman Biodiversity Board; Dr. A.P. Singh, presently Chief Conservator of Forest, Junagarh circle and the person who started this concept and gave the interesting task of recording the biodiversity of Gujarat to the zoology department of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. We are thankful to the Chief Conservator of Forest and Member Secretary Gujarat Biodiversity Board, Shri B.K. Singh for appreciating the work we have been doing and the motivation he has extended to us to continue the work. Our sincere thanks to the Head of the Department of Zoology, Prof. P.C. Mankodi for the support and encouragement during the project. We also would like to thank research fellows: Ms. Nimisha Garwasis, Ms. Arpita Patel, and Ms. P.K. Maneka for their valuable contribution in collecting data in the field.

10697 Spiders of Gujarat: preliminary checklist Yadav et al.

Figure 1. Map of agro-climatic zones of Gujarat

Methods every 12 hours. A maximum of 50 traps were placed in The sampling of spiders was carried out from the forested areas for a minimum of two nights. month of March 2014 to May 2015 throughout Gujarat. C). Sweep-net: Sweep nets were used to collect The study sites were selected based on the previous spiders mainly from grassy areas. Only low, primarily studies on spiders and carried out in the state of Gujarat herbaceous or shrubby vegetation was swept. Areas (see references in in Table 3). New habitat that had without suitable vegetation were omitted. The net was not been approached or studied so far were considered emptied at regular intervals (after three to five sweeps) for surveys. These areas included agricultural fields, to avoid loss and destruction of the specimens. residential areas, community gardens and fragmented D). Leaf-litter sampling: Leaf litter from one square habitats. meter area was collected in a polythene bag and the Spiders are found in different strata in a habitat like materials were dumped on a white surface to collect the foliage weavers, ground weavers, foliage hunters and spiders living in the microhabitat. In each habitat, 20–25 ground hunters and they cannot be collected with a collections of leaf-litter were done from different areas. single or common method. Therefore, different methods E). Active Search: Whenever spiders were were applied to collect spiders from different strata. A encountered, they were carefully picked without injuring systematic collection was made using different methods them and transferred to plastic vials containing ethanol. in every habitat zone during the study in Gujarat. The Small spiders were collected with the help of a brush following methods were employed to collect spiders dipped in ethanol. Sedentary spiders found on the leaf following Sebastian & Peter (2009) and Koh & Ming blades and those on the webs were caught in the vial (2013). by holding it open beneath them and by dislodging the A). Vegetation-beating: This method was targeted for spiders into it. spiders living in the shrub, high herb vegetation, bushes, Spider specimens collected from each location and small trees and branches. Spiders were collected were preserved in 70% ethanol and placed in individual by tapping the vegetation with a stick while holding a vials with a proper label (specimen number, locality or collecting tray or inverted umbrella underneath. study site, date, time, collector’s name). Taxonomic B). Pitfall-trap: This method was targeted for identification was done by observing specimens under collecting wandering ground spiders. For the pitfall a stereo-zoom microscope (WILD TM and Leica MPS) trap, round plastic cups of 100mm diameter and 110mm with magnification from 20X to 75X in the lab. Standard depth were used. Each pitfall was filled with ethylene literature was used for identification of spiders (Tikader glycol (about 10mm high) and these traps were checked 1980, 1982; Tikader & Biswas 1981; Sethi & Tikader

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Table 1. List of zones with geographic and ecological information

Zone Sites covered Dominant flora Crops plant: Gossypium hirsutum, Sorghum vulgare, Oryza sativa Saccharum officinarum. Zone - I (lower Whole Dangs District; parts of Valsad District; parts of Surat District Trees: Cassia fistula, Polyalthia longifolia, Terminalia bellirica. southern Gujarat) (Vyara, Uchchhal, Songadh, Mahuva talukas). Herbs: Alternenthera pungens, Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta. Crops Plant: Gossypium hirsutum, Sorghum vulgare, Saccharum Parts of Valsad District (Navsari and Gandavi talukas); parts of officinarum, Triticum aestivum. Zone - II Surat District (Kamrej, Nizar, Palsana, Bardoli, Mangrol and Mandvi Trees: Ricinus communis, Gmelian indica, Michelia chamaka, (upper southern talukas) and Parts of Bharuch District (Ankleshwar, Valia, Rajpipla, Bauhinia perpurea. Gujarat) Dediapada and Sagabara talukas). Herbs: Tridax procumbens, Trifolium spp., Cassia tora, Ocimum basilicum. Crops plants: Gossypium hirsutum, Triticum aestivum, Nicotiana tabacum Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Sorghum vulgare. Panchmahals District; Whole of Vadodara District; parts of Bharuch Zone - III Herbs: Euphorbia hirta, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, District (Bharuch Amod and Jambusar talukas) and Borsad taluka (middle Gujarat) Tridax procumbens, Alternenthera pungens. of Kheda District. Trees: Cassia fistula, Polyalthia longifolia, Terminalia bellirica, Citrus limon, Aegle marmelos. Crops plants: Sorghum vulgare, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum. Part of Mehsana, Ahmedabad and Banaskantha districts; Whole of Trees: Ricinus communis, Gmelian indica, Michelia chamaka, Zone - IV Sabarkantha District; Whole of Kheda District except Borsad; parts Bauhinia perpurea, Phyllanthus emlica. (north Gujarat) of Khambhat and Matar talukas; Whole of . Hedges: Lantana camara, Duranta erect Herbs: Tridax procumbens, Alternenthera pungens, Vernonia cinerea. Crops plants: Sorghum vulgare, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum Area around the gulf of Khambhat and Bhal & coastal region in aestivum. Zone - V Bharuch and Surat districts; Olpad talukas of Surat District; Hansot Trees: Albizia salvadora, Prosopis juliflora. Bhal and coastal & Wagra talukas of Bharuch District; Dholka and Dhandhuka Shrub: Capparis deciduas, Suaeda maritime, Tamarix ericoides. area talukas of Ahmedabad District; Vallabhipur and Bhavnagar talukas Herbs: Ammania buccifera Caesulia axillaris Heliotropium supinum of Bhavnagar District; Limbdi talukas of Surendranagar District. Grasses: Aristida adscensionsis, Dactyloctenium argyptium, Dichanthium annulatum. Whole of Junaggadh District; part of Bhavnagar District Crops plants: Gossypium hirsutum, Triticum aestivum, Nicotiana (Sihori, Ghogha, Savarkundla, Gariadhar, Palitana, Talaja tabacum Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Sorghum vulgare. Zone - VI and Mahuvataluka), Part of Amreli District (Dhari, Kodinar, Herbs: Euphorbia hirta, Oxalis corniculata Portulaca olerace, Tridax (south Sourashtra Rajula, Jafrabad, Khambha, Amreli, Babra, Lilia, Lathi and procumbens, Alternenthera pungens. Kunkavavtalukas); part of Rajkot District (Jetpur, Dhoraji, Upleta Trees: Cassia fistula, Polyalthia longifolia, Terminalia bellirica, and Gondaltalukas). Citrus limo, Aegle marmelos, Annona squamosa. Crop plants: Gossypium hirsutum, Sorghum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum. Zone - VII Part of Rajkot District (except Jetpur, Dhoraji, Upleta and Trees: Cassia fistula, Polyalthia longifolia, Terminalia bellirica. (north Sourashtra) Gondaltalukas). Herbs: Alternenthera pungens, Tridax procumbens, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia helioscopia. Whole of Kutch District Malia taluka of Rajkot District; Halvad Dhrangadhra and Dasada talukas of Surendranagar District; Trees: Acacia azadirachta indica, Balantites aegyptica. Zone - VIII Sami Harij and Chanasmatalukas of Mehsana District; , Herbs: Aeluropus lagopoides, Balanites aegytica, Bergia capensis, (north west zone ) , Kankrej, Vav and talukas in Calotropis gigantean. Banaskantha District and Viramgam and Daskroi city in Ahmedabad Shrubs: Grssypium herbaccum, Calotropis. District.

1988; Pocock 1900; Patel & Reddy 1990; Reddy & Patel arachnologists/researchers (Siliwal 2003a,b; Trivedi 1994; Patel 2003; Gajbe 2007, 2008). 2009; Parasharya & Vyas 2013; Kumar 2015; Solanki 2016). Result and Discussion Based on a review of literature and primary data Spider documentation in the past from Gujarat has collected during the present study, an updated checklist been relatively well done because of the work of the of spiders of Gujarat was prepared for the first time. So pioneer arachnologist, Dr. B.H. Patel, who described 16 far, 415 species under 169 genera and 40 families have new species of spiders and published several checklists been reported from Gujarat (Table 3). Of these, 149 from different parts of the state (Patel 1971, 1973, species belonging to 99 genera and 28 families were 1975a,b, 2003; Patel & Vyas 2001). He contributed recorded during the present study (Table 3). The study over 33% of the total spider records from Gujarat and area was divided into eight zones and spider diversity popularized spider studies in the state. Apart from his in each zone is summarized in Table 2. The highest publications, several sporadic taxonomic descriptions spider records were from the northwestern zone, which and checklists from Gujarat were published by different consists of the whole of Panchmahal and Vadodara

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Table 2. Summary of spider records across different zones in Gujarat Conclusion Zones Families Genera Species studies in Gujarat in the past were mainly

I 26 93 211 based on opportunistic collections. Most of the studies

II 24 45 56 were sporadic and restricted to a few localities and one season. The present study therefore, emphasized III 33 132 278 on systematic collection covering all habitat zones in IV 26 90 172 Gujarat as a result of which we have come up with many V 19 50 68 interesting records of spiders. VI 16 39 70 VII 22 61 83 References VIII 19 42 64 Anonymous (2009). Introduction to Spider Diversity of Gujarat. Forest Department, Gujarat, 94pp. Biswas, B. & K. Biswas (2007). Araneae: Spiders. Fauna of Mizoram, districts and part of Bharuch and Kheda districts (Patel State Fauna Series. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 14: 455–475. Gajbe, U.A. (1988). On a collection of spiders of the Gnaphosidae & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003). Whereas, the least records of from India (Araneae: Arachnida). Records of Zoological Survey of spiders were from Zone VI (southern Saurashtra areas), India 85(1): 59–74. with least family and generic documentation (Table 2). It Gajbe, U.A. (1999). Studies on some spiders of the family Oxyopidae (Araneae: Arachnida) from India. Records of Zoological Survey of is mainly because of the semi-arid habitat and logistics India 97(3): 31–79. that very few spiders were recorded from this zone. Gajbe, U.A. (2007). Araneae: Arachnida. Fauna of Madhya Pradesh To achieve optimum diversity of spiders in the (including Chhattisgarh). State Fauna Series, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 15(1): 419–540. collection, a combination of all the methods were found Gajbe, U.A. (2008). Fauna of India and the adjacent countries: Spider to be useful rather than a single method. Like the pit-fall (Araneida: Araneae: Oxyopidae). Zoolological Survey of India, trap method was found to be more effective than the rest Kolkata 3: 1–117. Koh, J.K.H. & L.T. Ming (2013). Biodiversity in the heart of Bornea: of the methods for collecting ground spiders. Whereas, Spiders of Brunei Darussalam. 1st Edition. Kota Kinabalu: Natural the active search method was useful in collecting web- Histrory Publication, Borneo, 357pp. weavers, burrowing spiders and spiders living on tree Kumar, D. & M.S. Shivakumar (2004). Ecological studies on spiders in Rice agroecosystem of Vadodara (Gujarat) with special emphasis on trunks, leaf-litter sampling was found to be useful in biocontrol aspect. Indian Journal of Entomology 66(4): 323–327. collecting very small spiders like oonopids and zodariids. Kumar, D. & M.S. Shivakumar (2006). Seasonal abundance of spiders Of the total spiders recorded from Gujarat, the in Pigeonpea agroecosystem. Indian Journal of Environmental Sciences 10(1): 43–46. analysis shows that a fair number of endemic species Kumar, D. & K. Yashkamal (2009). Effect of Pesticides on the Survival are represented in the state: 31 species are endemic to and web building activity of social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum (Araneae: Eresidae). Indian Journal of Entomology 71(4): 275–278. Gujarat, 150 species endemic to India and 26 species Kumar, D. (2015). Documentation of Bio-diversity of Arachnidae and endemic to South Asia. Lepidoptera in Gujarat. Project Report (unpublished). Gandhinagar: Overall, there were 19 interesting records of spiders Gujarat Biodiversity Board. Department of Zoology Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 140pp. during the present study, which will be published in Marusik, Y.M., F. Ballarin & M.M. Omelko (2012). On the spider separate papers. During the study, the Palearctic genus Amaurobius (Araneae Amaurobiidae) in India and Nepal. Zookeys Erigone was found in Gujarat, which was previously 168: 55–64. Murthappa, P.S., D.A. Prajapati, P.M. Sankaran & P.A. Sebastian known only from the Himalaya. Amongst mygalomorphs, (2016). First records of the genus Cambalida Simon 1909 (Araneae: three genera of the family Theraphosidae Corinnidae Castianeirinae) from Asia with the description of two (, and Poecilotheria) have new species from India and one new combination.Zootaxa 4103(6): 526–536. been recorded from the region. With Plesiophrictus Parasharya, B.M., R.V. Vyas & B.H. Patel (2011). First authentic record millardi Pocock, 1899 and Poecilotheria regalis Pocock, of Regal Parachute Spider Poecilotheria regalis Pocock, 1899 and 1899 records in Dangs is the northern most distribution further comments in the distribution of Theraphosidae spiders from Gujarat State, India. Journal of the British Tarantula society 26(2): range for these species in the Western Ghats. Apart from 55–62. theraphosids, the trapdoor genus Idiops of the Idiopidae Parasharya, B.M. & R.V. Vyas (2013). Obituary: Dr. B.H. Patel was also recorded during the study and mygalomorphs Arachnologist. Zoo’s print XXVIII (8): 33–36. Patel B.H. (1971). Studies on some spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) from were predominantly recorded from Dangs, southern Gujarat, India. PhD Thesis Submitted to Sardar Patel University, Gujarat (Table 3). Vallabh Vidyanaga, Anand, Gujarat. Patel, B.H. & H.K. Patel (1972). New species of Cyllognatha Koch and Thwaitesia Cambridge (Therididae: Araneida) from Gujarat, India. Oriental Insects 6(3): 293–297. Patel, B.H. (1973). Some interesting Theridiid spiders (Araneae:

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Table 3. Checklist of spiders across different zones in Gujarat, India

Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Afracantha camerunensis 1 Araneidae Y Patel 1971 (Thorell, 1899) bifurca (McCook, 2 Araneidae Y Siliwal 2000 1887) Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. Araneus bilunifer Pocock, 3 Araneidae Y Y Y Y 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 1900 Yashkamal 2011 Araneus ellipticus (Tikader & 4 Araneidae Y Y Anonymous 2009 Bal, 1981) Araneus mitificus (Simon, Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; 5 Araneidae Y Y 1886) present study Araneus pahalgaonensis 6 Araneidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Tikader & Bal, 1981 Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Patel 2003; aemula (Walckenaer, 7 Araneidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; 1841) Solanki 2016; present study Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; Argiope anasuja Thorell, Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 8 Araneidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1887 Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumer 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study 9 Araneidae Argiope arcuata Simon, 1884 Y Patel 1971

10 Araneidae Argiope minuta Karsch, 1879 Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 Thorell, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; 11 Araneidae Y Y Y 1881 Anonymous 2009; Argiope submaronica Strand, 12 Araneidae Y Patel 1971 1916 Argiope trifasciata (Forsskål, 13 Araneidae Y Anonymous 2009; present study 1775) Chorizopes khanjanes 14 Araneidae Y Y Y Reddy & Patel 1991; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 Tikader, 1965 Chorizopes khedaensis Reddy 15 Araneidae Y Reddy & Patel 1993; Siliwal 2000 & Patel, 1993 Chorizopes pateli Reddy & 16 Araneidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b Patel, 1993 17 Araneidae Chorizopes sp. Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. Cyclosa confraga (Thorell, 18 Araneidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 1892) 2016: Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Cyclosa hexatuberculata Siliwal 2000; Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati 19 Araneidae Y Y Tikader, 1982 et al. 2016c; present study Cyclosa insulana (Costa, 20 Araneidae Y Y Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; ; Anonymous 2009 1834) Cyclosa moonduensis Patel 1975; Patel & Vyas 2001; Anonymous 2009; 21 Araneidae Y Y Y Y Y Tikader, 1963 Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016: present study Cyclosa mulmeinensis 22 Araneidae Y Y Y Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; present study (Thorell, 1887) 23 Araneidae Cyclosa simoni Tikader, 1982 Y Y Siliwal 2000; Bhatt 2014 Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014; 24 Araneidae Cyclosa spirifera Simon, 1889 Y Y Y Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study 25 Araneidae Cyrtarachne sp. Y Y Present study Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Patel 2003; cicatrosa Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; 26 Araneidae Y Y Y Y (Stoliczka, 1869) Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 27 Araneidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y (Forsskål, 1775) 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Cyrtophora feai (Thorell, 28 Araneidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 1887) Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Eriovixia excelsa (Simon, 29 Araneidae Y Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009; Bhutt 2014; 1889) Solanki 2016; present study

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Eriovixia laglaizei (Simon, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 30 Araneidae Y Y Y 1877) 2009; Solanki 2016; present study Eriovixia poonaensis (Tikader 31 Araneidae Y Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016 & Bal, 1981) Gasteracantha hasselti C. L. Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 32 Araneidae Y Y Koch, 1837 Siliwal & Kumar 2011 Gasteracantha kuhli C. L. Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 33 Araneidae Y Y Koch, 1837 Solanki 2016 Gasteracantha unguifera Siliwal 2000; Siliwal & Kumar 2001; Siliwal et al. 34 Araneidae Y Y Simon, 1889 2003b; Anonymous 2009 35 Araneidae Gea subarmata Thorell, 1890 Y Solanki 2016 Gibbaranea bituberculata 36 Araneidae Y Anonymous 2009 (Walckenaer, 1802) Herennia multipuncta 37 Araneidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 (Doleschall, 1859) Larinia chloris (Audouin, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Kumar & 38 Araneidae Y Y 1826) Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016 Larinia phthisica (L. Koch, Patel 1975; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; 39 Araneidae Y Y 1871) Anonymous 2009 Patel 1975; Patel & Reddy 1990; Patel 2003; Siliwal 40 Araneidae Larinia tyloridia Patel, 1975 Y Y Y Y Y et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Lipocrea fusiformis 41 Araneidae Y Solanki 2016 (Thorell,1877) 42 Araneidae Lipocrea sp. Y Y Y Present study Neoscona bengalensis Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 43 Araneidae Y Y Tikader & Bal, 1981 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Neoscona bihumpi (Patel, 44 Araneidae Y Patel 1988; Anonymous 2009 1988) Neoscona molemensis 45 Araneidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Tikader & Bal, 1981 Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 46 Araneidae Y Y Y Y 1980 Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Neoscona murthyi Patel & 47 Araneidae Y Y Patel & Reddy 1990; Patel 2003 Reddy, 1990 Tikader 1982; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Neoscona nautica(L. Koch, 48 Araneidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016; 1875) present study Neoscona pavida (Simon, 49 Araneidae Y Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 1906) Neoscona punctigera 50 Araneidae Y Y Y Patel 1975; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 (Doleschall, 1857) Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Kumar & Neoscona sinhagadensis 51 Araneidae Y Y Y Shivakumar 2007; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 2009; (Tikader, 1975) Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Patel 1975; Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Kumar & Shivakumar Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 52 Araneidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2006; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 1841) 2011; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Neoscona vigilans (Blackwall, Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; Patel 53 Araneidae Y Y Y Y 1865) 2015; present study Nephila kuhlii (Doleschall, 54 Araneidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 1859) Nephila pilipes (Fabricius, 55 Araneidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 1793) Ordgarius hobsoni (O. Siliwal 2000; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; 56 Araneidae Y Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) Anonymous 2009 Parawixia dehaani Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 57 Araneidae Y Y (Doleschall, 1859) 2009; 58 Araneidae Parawixia sp. Y Solanki & Kumar 2014 Poltys bhabanii (Tikader, 59 Araneidae Y Solanki 2016; present study 1970)

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Poltys bhavnagarensis Patel, 60 Araneidae Y Patel 1988; Anonymous 2009 1988 Poltys columnarisThorell, 61 Araneidae Solanki 2016 1890 Poltys nagpurensis Tikader, 62 Araneidae Y Solanki 2016 1982 63 Araneidae Singa sp. Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Thelacantha brevispina Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 64 Araneidae Y Y Y (Doleschall, 1857) 2016c; present study Arkys tuberculatus (Balogh, 65 Arkyidae Y Anonymous 2009 1978) Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Kumar & Clubiona drassodes O. 66 Clubionidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 Yashkamal 2011; Solanki 2016; present study Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous Clubiona filicata O. Pickard- 67 Clubionidae Y Y Y Y Y Y 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumar Cambridge, 1874 2014; Solanki 2016; present study Clubiona ludhianaensis 68 Clubionidae Y Siliwal 2000; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Tikader, 1976 Clubiona pashabhaii Patel & Patel & Patel 1973; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 69 Clubionidae Y Y Y Patel, 1973 Solanki 2016 70 Clubonidae Clubiona sp. Y Present study Clubiona tikaderiMajumder 71 Clubonidae Y Anonymous 2009; present study & Tikader, 1991 Castianeira albopicta Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 72 Corinnidae Y Gravely, 1931 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Castianeira azteca Reiskind, 73 Corinnidae Y Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 1969 Castianeira bengalensis 74 Corinnidae Y Y Siliwal 2000; Kumar & Shivakumar 2010 Biswas, 1984 Castianeira flavipes Gravely, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 75 Corinnidae Y 1931 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Castianeira tinae Patel & 76 Corinnidae Y Patel & Patel 1973; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014; Patel, 1973 Castianeira zetes Simon, 77 Corinnidae Y Y Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016 1897 Cambalida deorsa Murappa 78 Corrinidae Y Murappa et al. 2016 et al., 2016 Cambalida tuma Murappa et 79 Corrinidae Y Murappa et al. 2016 al., 2016 80 Corrinidae Castianeira sp. Y Present study Ctenus dangsus Reddy & 81 Ctenidae Y Reddy & Patel 1994 Patel, 1994 Ctenus narashinhai Patel & 82 Ctenidae Y Solanki 2016 Reddy, 1988 Deinopis goalparaensis Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 83 Deinopidae Y Y Tikader & Malhotra, 1978 Shivakumar 2010 84 Dictynidae Dictyna sp. Y Anonymous 2009 Stegodyphus mirandus 85 Eresidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Pocock, 1899 Stegodyphus pacificus Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 86 Eresidae Y Y Y Y Pocock, 1900 Solanki 2016 Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Stegodyphus sarasinorum Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2009; 87 Eresidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Karsch, 1892 Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Bhatt 2014; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; present study 88 Eresidae Stegodyphus sp. Y Present study Stegodyphus tibialis (O. 89 Eresidae Y Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) Cheiracanthium danieli 90 Eutichuridae Y Y Present study Tikader, 1975 Cheiracanthium furculatum 91 Eutichuridae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b Karsch, 1879

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2017 | 9(9): 10697–10716 10703 Spiders of Gujarat: preliminary checklist Yadav et al.

Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Cheiracanthium inornatum 92 Eutichuridae Y Solanki 2016 O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Kumar & Cheiracanthium Shivakumar, 2006; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 93 Eutichuridae melanostomum (Thorell, Y Y Y Y Y Y Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 1895) 2016; present study Cheiracanthium 94 Eutichuridae nalsaroverense Patel & Patel, Y Patel & Patel 1973; Anonymous 2009; 1973 Cheiracanthium poonaense Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 95 Eutichuridae Y Y Majumder & Tikader, 1991 2009 Cheiracanthium rupicola 96 Eutichuridae Y Solanki 2016 (Thorell,1897) Cheiracanthium saraswatii 97 Eutichuridae Y Y Y Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Tikader, 1962 Cheiracanthium triviale 98 Eutichuridae Y Y Present study (Thorell, 1895) Filistata napadensis Patel, Patel 1975; Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; 99 Filistatidae Y Y Y 1975 Anonymous 2009 Pritha dharmakumarsinhjii Patel 1978; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; present 100 Filistatidae Y Y Y Y Patel, 1978 study Pritha poonaensis (Tikader, 101 Filistatidae Y Patel 1971 1963) Sahastata ashapuriae Patel, 102 Filistatidae Y Patel 1978; Anonymous 2009 1978 Sahastata sinuspersica 103 Filistatidae Y Y Y Present study Marusiket al., 2014 104 Gnaphosidae Callilepes sp. Y Anonymous 2009

105 Gnaphosidae Camillina sp. Y Present study Drassodes gujaratensis Patel Patel & Patel 1975; Siliwal et al. 2003a; 106 Gnaphosidae Y Y & Patel, 1975 Anonymous 2009 Drassodes macilentus O. 107 Gnaphosidae Y Anonymous 2009 Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 Drassodes parvidens 108 Gnaphosidae Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001 Caporiacco, 1934 Drassodes sirmourensis 109 Gnaphosidae Y Present study (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) 110 Gnaphosidae Drassodes sp. Y Solanki 2016

111 Gnaphosidae Drassyllus sp. Y Present study

112 Gnaphosidae Eilica tikaderi Platnick, 1976 Y Y Present study Prajapati et al. 2016c Gnaphosa poonaensis Gajbe 1988; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; 113 Gnaphosidae Y Y Y Y Tikader, 1973 Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006 Gnaphosa stoliczkai O. 114 Gnaphosidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 115 Gnaphosidae Haplodrassus sp. Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Megamyrmaekion ashae 116 Gnaphosidae Y Solanki 2016 Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 117 Gnaphosidae Melicymnis sp. Y Present study Phaeocedus haribhaiius Patel 118 Gnaphosidae Y Y Patel & Patel 1975; Anonymous 2009 & Patel, 1975 Phaeocedus poonaensis 119 Gnaphosidae Y Y Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001 Tikader, 1982 Poecilochroa tikaderiPatel, 120 Gnaphosidae Y Patel 1989; Anonymous 2009 1989 Scopoides kuljitae (Tikader, 121 Gnaphosidae Y Solanki 2016 1982) 122 Gnaphosidae Scopoides sp. Y Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016 Scotophaeus madalasae Siliwal 2000; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; 123 Gnaphosidae Y Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 Anonymous 2009 Sergiolus khodiarae Patel, 124 Gnaphosidae Y Patel 1988; Anonymous 2009 1988

10704 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2017 | 9(9): 10697–10716 Spiders of Gujarat: preliminary checklist Yadav et al.

Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Sosticus poonaensis Tikader, 125 Gnaphosidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003a 1982 Sosticus sundargarhensis 126 Gnaphosidae Y Y Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Gajbe, 1979 Patel & Patel 1975; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. Trachyzelotes 127 Gnaphosidae Y Y 2003a; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; present jaxartensis (Kroneberg, 1875) study Zelotes mandae Tikader & 128 Gnaphosidae Y Solanki 2016; present study Gajbe, 1979 Zelotes mandlaensis Tikader 129 Gnaphosidae Y Y Y Y Present study & Gajbe, 1976 Zelotes sajali Tikader & 130 Gnaphosidae Y Y Tikader & Gajbe 1979; Gajbe 1988; Siliwal 2000 Gajbe, 1979 131 Gnaphosidae Zelotes sp. Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009 Hersilia aadi Pravalikha, 132 Hersiliidae Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, Y Solanki 2016 2014 Patel & Vyas 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; 133 Hersiliidae Hersilia savignyi Lucas, 1836 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Murricia hyderabadensis 134 Hersiliidae Y Solanki 2016 Javed & Tampal, 2010 135 Idiopidae Idiops sp. Y Present study

136 Linyphiidae Erigone sp. Y Present study Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 137 Linyphiidae Labulla nepula Tikader, 1970 Y 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumar 2014 138 Linyphiidae Stemonymphantes sp. Y Siliwal 2000; Solanki & Kumar 2014

139 Liocranidae sp. Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Arctosa khudiensis (Sinha, 140 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 1951) 141 Lycosidae Arctosa mulani (Dyal, 1935) Y Anonymous 2009 Evippa banarensis Tikader & 142 Lycosidae Y Patel & Vyas 2001 Malhotra, 1980 Evippa praelongipes (O. 143 Lycosidae Y Y Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 2009 Pickard-Cambridge, 1870) Evippa rajasthanea Tikader 144 Lycosidae Y Trivedi 2009 & Malhotra, 1980 Evippa rubiginosa Simon, 145 Lycosidae Y Patel & Vyas 2001 1885 Evippa shivajii Tikader & 146 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 Malhotra, 1980 Evippa sohani Tikader & 147 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Malhotra, 1980 148 Lycosidae Evippa sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; Solanki 2016; present study Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 149 Lycosidae Y Y Anonymous 2009 1884) Hippasa greenalliae 150 Lycosidae Y Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 (Blackwall, 1867) Hippasa loundasi (Gravely, 151 Lycosidae Y Prajapati et al. 2016c 1924) Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Hippasa lycosina Pocock, Patel 2003; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; 152 Lycosidae Y Y 1900 Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Solanki 2016 Hippasa madhuae Tikader & 153 Lycosidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 Malhotra, 1980 Hippasa madraspatana 154 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 Gravely, 1924 Hippasa olivacea (Thorell, 155 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 1887) Hippasa partita (O. Pickard- Patel 2003; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; 156 Lycosidae Y Y Y Y Y Cambridge, 1876) Anonymous 2009; present study

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2017 | 9(9): 10697–10716 10705 Spiders of Gujarat: preliminary checklist Yadav et al.

Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Patel 1971; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Hippasa pisaurina Pocock, 157 Lycosidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; 1900 Bhatt 2014; present study 158 Lycosidae Hippasa sp. Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; Solanki & Kumar 2014 Lycosa bistriata Gravely, 159 Lycosidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 1924 160 Lycosidae Lycosa chaperi Simon, 1885 Y Patel & Vyas 2001 Lycosa geotubalis Tikader & 161 Lycosidae Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003 Malhotra, 1980 Lycosa goliathus Pocock, 162 Lycosidae Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Anonymous 2009 1901 163 Lycosidae Lycosa grahami Fox, 1935 Y Y Siliwal 2000; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006

164 Lycosidae Lycosa iranii Pocock, 1901 Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001 Lycosa lambai Tikader & 165 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009; present study Malhotra, 1980 Lycosa mackenziei Gravely, 166 Lycosidae Y Bhatt 2014 1924 Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 167 Lycosidae Lycosa madani Pocock, 1901 Y Y Y Y Y 2009; present study Lycosa mahabaleshwarensis Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 168 Lycosidae Y Y Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 Yashkamal 2011 Lycosa moulmeinensis 169 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 Gravely, 1924 Lycosa nigrotibialis Simon, 170 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 1884 171 Lycosidae Lycosa phipsoni Pocock, 1899 Y Y Y Y Y Y Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; present study Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 172 Lycosidae Lycosa pictula Pocock, 1901 Y Y Y 2003a,b; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Lycosa poonaensis Tikader & 173 Lycosidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Malhotra, 1980 Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016; present study 174 Lycosidae Lycosa prolificaPocock, 1901 Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 Siliwal et al. 2003a; Solanki & Kumar 2014; 175 Lycosidae Lycosa sp. Y Y Y Y present study Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 176 Lycosidae Lycosa tistaTikader, 1970 Y Y Y Y Y 2009; present study Lycosa wroughtoni Pocock, 177 Lycosidae Y Y Tikader & Malhotra 1980; Anonymous 2009 1899 Margonia himalayensis 178 Lycosidae Y Patel 1971; Anonymous 2009 (Gravely, 1924) Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; Pardosa birmanica Simon, 179 Lycosidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 2009; Kumar & 1884 Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; present study Pardosa heterophthalma 180 Lycosidae Y Siliwal 2000 (Simon, 1898) Pardosa minuta Tikader & 181 Lycosidae Y Kumar & Shivakumar 2006 Malhotra, 1976 Pardosa mukundi Tikader & Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 182 Lycosidae Y Y Malhotra, 1980 Yashkamal 2011; Prajapati et al. 2016c Pardosa mysorensis (Tikader 183 Lycosidae Y Prajapati et al. 2016c & Malhotra, 1980 Pardosa pseudoannulata Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 184 Lycosidae Y Y Y Y Y (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) Trivedi 2009 Pardosa pusiola (Thorell, 185 Lycosidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 1891) Pardosa rhenockensis 186 Lycosidae Y Y Patel 1971 (Tikader, 1970) Pardosa shyamae (Tikader, 187 Lycosidae Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014 1970) 188 Lycosidae Pardosa sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Present study

10706 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2017 | 9(9): 10697–10716 Spiders of Gujarat: preliminary checklist Yadav et al.

Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell, 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Kumar 189 Lycosidae Y Y Y Y Y Y 1890) & Yashkamal 2011; Bhatt 2014; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; present study Pardosa sutherlandi (Gravely, 190 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 1924) Pardosa timidula (Roewer, 191 Lycosidae Y Anonymous 2009 1951) Pardosa tridentis Caporiacco, 192 Lycosidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003a 1935 193 Lycosidae Trochosa sp. Y Y Anonymous 2009

194 Mimetidae Mimetus sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Present study Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. Oecobius putus O. Pickard- 195 Oecobiidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt Cambridge, 1876 2014; Solanki 2016; present study 196 Oecobiidae Uroctea manii Patel, 1987 Y Patel 1987; Anonymous 2009

197 Oonopidae Brignolia sp. Y Present study; Solanki 2016

198 Oonopidae Ischnothyreus sp. Y Present study

199 Oonopidae Orchestina sp. Y Present study Triaeris manii Tikader & 200 Oonopidae Y Siliwal 2000 Malhotra, 1974 Triaeris poonaensis Tikader 201 Oonopidae Y Y Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014 & Malhotra, 1974 Hamadruas sikkimensis 202 Oxyopidae Y Solanki 2016 (Tikader, 1970) 203 Oxyopidae Hamadruas sp. Y Present study

204 Oxyopidae Hamataliwa sp. Y Present study

205 Oxyopidae Oxyopes ashae Gajbe, 1999 Y Y Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016 Oxyopes bharatae Gajbe, 206 Oxyopidae Y Y Solanki 2016; present study 1999 Oxyopes birmanicus Thorell, Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009l Solanki 2016; 207 Oxyopidae Y Y 1887 present study Oxyopes chittrae Tikader, 208 Oxyopidae Y Y Patel 1978; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 1965 Oxyopes gujaratensis Gajbe, 209 Oxyopidae Y Y Gajbe 1999; Solanki & Kumar 2014 1999 Oxyopes javanus Thorell, 210 Oxyopidae Y Y Prajapati et al. 2016c 1887 Oxyopes kamalae Gajbe, 211 Oxyopidae Y Present study 1999 Oxyopes pankaji Gajbe & 212 Oxyopidae Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Gajbe, 2000 Oxyopes ratnae Tikader, 213 Oxyopidae Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 2009 1970 Oxyopes reddyi Majumder, 214 Oxyopidae Y Solanki 2016 2004 Oxyopes rufisternisPocock, 215 Oxyopidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003a 1901 Oxyopes rukminiae Gajbe, 216 Oxyopidae Y Present study 1999 Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Kumar & Tikader, Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 2009; 217 Oxyopidae Y Y Y Y 1970 Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Bhatt 2014; Solanki & Kumar 2014 218 Oxyopidae Oxyopes sitae Tikader, 1970 Y Y Y Y Patel 1971; Patel 1978; Bhatt 2014 Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; present 219 Oxyopidae Oxyopes sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y study Oxyopes sunandae Tikader, 220 Oxyopidae Y Bhatt 2014 1970 Oxyopes wroughtoni Pocock, Patel 1978; Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; 221 Oxyopidae Y Y Y Y Y 1901 Anonymous 2009

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII akwadaensis Patel, 222 Oxyopidae Y Y Y Patel 1978; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016 1978 Peucetia latikaeTikader, Patel 1978; Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 223 Oxyopidae Y Y 1970 2014; 224 Oxyopidae Peucetiasp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Present study Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Kumar & Peucetia viridana (Stoliczka, Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 225 Oxyopidae Y Y 1869) Yashkamal 2011; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c 226 Oxyopidae Peucetia yogeshi Gajbe, 1999 Y Solanki 2016 Otiothops namratae Pillai, 227 Palpmanidae Y Pillai 2006 2006 228 Palpmanidae Palpimanus sp. Y Anonymous 2009 Philodromus assamensis Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 229 Philodromidae Y Tikader, 1962 Shivakumar 2010 Philodromus bhagirathai 230 Philodromidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Tikader, 1966 Philodromus 231 Philodromidae Y Y Present study chambaensis Tikader, 1980 232 Philodromidae Philodromus sp. Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; present study Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Kumar & Thanatus dhakuricus Tikader, 233 Philodromidae Y Y Y Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 2009; 1960 Kuma & Yashkamal 2011 Thanatus stripatus Tikader, 234 Philodromidae Y Anonymous 2009 1980 Tibellus elongatus Tikader, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Patel 2003; 235 Philodromidae Y Y 1960 Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; present study Tibellus pashanensis Tikader, 236 Philodromidae Y Y Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 1980 Tikader,1980; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; 237 Philodromidae Tibellus pateli Tikader, 1980 Y Y Anonymous 2009 Tibellus poonaensis Tikader, 238 Philodromidae Y Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 2009 1962 239 Philodromidae Tibellus sp. Y Solanki & Kumar 2014 Artema atlanta Walckenaer, Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 240 Pholcidae Y Y Y Y Y 1837 2003a,b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & 241 Pholcidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1867) Yashkamal 2011; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Pholcus fragillimus Strand, 242 Pholcidae Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study 1907 Pholcus phalangioides Patel 1971; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; 243 Pholcidae Y Y Y (Fuesslin, 1775) present study 244 Pholcidae Pholcus sp. Y Y Y Y present study Dendrolycosa gitae (Tikader, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 245 Pisauridae Y Y 1970) 2009 246 Pisauridae Dendrolycosa sp. Y Y Y Y Y Present study Hygropoda mahendriensis 247 Pisauridae vankhede, Keswani & Y Solanki 2016 Rajoria, 2013 Pisaura podilensis Patel & 248 Pisauridae Y Solanki 2016 Reddy, 1990 249 Pisauridae Pisaura swamii Patel, 1987 Y Y Patel 1987; Anonymous 2009;

250 Pisauridae Tinus sp. Y Anonymous 2009

251 Prodidomidae Prodidomus sp. Y Solanki 2016

252 Salticidae Aelurillus sp. Y Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Asemonea tenuipes (O. Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 2009; present 253 Salticidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) study Bianor punjabicus Logunov, 254 Salticidae Y Y Present study 2001

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII 255 Salticidae Bianor sp. Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; present study

256 Salticidae Brettussp. Y Y Solanki 2016; present study

257 Salticidae Carrhotus sp. Y Present study

258 Salticidae Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887 Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Epeus indicus Prószyński, 259 Salticidae Y Y Solanki 2016; present study 1992 Epocilla aurantiaca(Simon, 260 Salticidae Y Y Prajapati et al. 2016c 1885) 261 Salticidae Epocilla sp. Y Solanki 2016 Harmochirus 262 Salticidae Y Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009 brachiatus (Thorell, 1877) Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 263 Salticidae Y Y Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study 1826) Tikader 1973; Tikader 1974; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal Hyllus semicupreus (Simon, 264 Salticidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; 1885) Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Langona aperta (Denis, 265 Salticidae Y Present study 1958) Langona bhutanica 266 Salticidae Y Y Y Present study Prószyński, 1978 Marpissa decorata Tikader, 267 Salticidae Y Patel & Vyas 2001; 1974 Marpissa tigrina Tikader, Patel 1971; Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; 268 Salticidae Y Y 1965 Solanki 2016 Menemerus bivittatus 269 Salticidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study (Dufour, 1831) Myrmarachne laeta flava 270 Salticidae Y Patel 1971 Narayan, 1915 Myrmarachne Siliwal 2000; Anonymous 2009; Prajapati et al. 271 Salticidae melanocephala MacLeay, Y Y 2016c 1839 Myrmarachne plataleoides 272 Salticidae Y Prajapati et al. 2016c (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) Myrmarachne prava (Karsch, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Kumar & 273 Salticidae Y Y Y 1880) Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009 Myrmarachne robusta Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Kumar & 274 Salticidae Y (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) Shivakumar 2006 275 Salticidae Myrmarachne sp. Y Y Y Y Y present study Myrmarachne tristis (Simon, 276 Salticidae Y Solanki 2016 1882) Phidippus bengalensis 277 Salticidae Y Y Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014 Tikader, 1977 Phidippus calcuttaensis 278 Salticidae Y Siliwal 2000 Biswas, 1984 Phidippus punjabensis Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 279 Salticidae Y Tikader, 1974 2009; Solanki & Kumar 2014 280 Salticidae Phintella sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Present study Patel 1971; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Phintella vittata(C. L. Koch, 281 Salticidae Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; 1846) Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c Phlegra dhakuriensis 282 Salticidae Y Y Y Trivedi 2009; Bhatt 2014 (Tikader, 1974) Plexippus calcutaensis 283 Salticidae Y Siliwal 2000 (Tikader, 1974) Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 284 Salticidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Bhatt 2014; 1826) Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c Plexippus petersi (Karsch, Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 285 Salticidae Y Y 1878) 2016c 286 Salticidae Portia sp. Y Y Y Y Y Present study; Solanki 2016

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII 287 Salticidae Ptocasium or Philaeus sp. Y Present study Rhene albigera (C.L. Koch, 288 Salticidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study 1846) Rhene khandalaensis 289 Salticidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009 Tikader, 1977 290 Salticidae Rhene sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; present study Stenaelurillus albus 291 Salticidae Y Present study Sebastian et al., 2015 Stenaelurillus digitus 292 Salticidae Prajapati et al. 2016b Prajapati et al., 2016 Stenaelurillus gabrieli 293 Salticidae Y Y Prajapati et al. 2016b Prajapati et al., 2016 294 Salticidae Stenaelurillus sp. Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Tikader 1974; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Telamonia dimidiata (Simon, Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; 295 Salticidae Y Y Y Y 1899) Trivedi 2009; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Thyene imperialis (Rossi 296 Salticidae Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study 1846) Scytodes thoracica Patel 1975; Patel 2003; Siliwal et al. 2003a; 297 Scytodidae Y Y Y Y (Latreille,1802) Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; present study Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 298 Scytodidae Y Y Y 1837 2009; Solanki 2016; present study Scytodes kinsukus Patel, 299 Scytodidae Y Y Y Patel 1975; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 1975 Scytodes propinqua Stoliczka, 300 Scytodidae Y Siliwal 2000 1869 Scytodes univittata Simon, 301 Scytodidae Y Siliwal 2000 1882 302 Scytodidae Scytodes sp. Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; present study; Solanki 2016

303 Segestriidae Ariadna sp. Y Present study Selenops sumitrae Patel & 304 Selenopidae Y Y Patel & Patel 1973; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014 Patel, 1973 Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 305 Sicariidae Y Solanki 2016 1820) Eusparassus xerxes (Pocock, 306 Sparassidae Y Sethi & Tikader 1988 1901) Patel & Patel 1973; Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Heteropoda bhaikakai Patel 307 Sparassidae Y Y Y Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009; Bhatt 2014; & Patel, 1973 Solanki 2016 Heteropoda phasma Simon, 308 Sparassidae Y Y Patel & Patel 1973 1897 Heteropoda sexpunctata 309 Sparassidae Y Sethi & Tikader 1988 Simon, 1885 Heteropoda venatoria Bhutt 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; 310 Sparassidae Y Y Y Y Y Y (Linnaeus, 1767) present study 311 Sparassidae Olios sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Olios bhavnagarensis Sethi & Sethi & Tikader 1988; Siliwal et al. 2003a; 312 Sparassidae Y Y Y Tikader, 1988 Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; present study Olios gravelyi Sethi & Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 313 Sparassidae Y Tikader, 1988 2009; Solanki 2016 Olios kiranae sethi & Tikader, 314 Sparassidae Y Biswas & Biswas 2007 1988 Sethi & Tikader 1988; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 315 Sparassidae Olios milleti (Pocock, 1901) Y Y Y Y Y Y 2016c; present study Olios wroughtoni (Simon, 316 Sparassidae Y Y Sethi & Tikader 1988; Solanki 2016 1897) Spariolenus tigris Simon, 317 Sparassidae Y Present study 1880 Stenochilus hobsoni O. 318 Y Solanki 2016 Pickard-Cambridge, 1871

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Guizygiella indica (Tikader & 319 Tetragnathidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Shivakumar 2010; Bal, 1980) Solanki 2016; present study Guizygiella melanocrania Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; 320 Tetragnathidae Y Y Y Y Y Y (Thorell, 1887) Siliwal 2000; Solanki 2016; present study Guizygiella shivui (Patel & Reddy & Patel 1990; Patel 2003; Solanki 2016; 321 Tetragnathidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Reddy, 1990) present study 322 Tetragnathidae Guizygiella sp. Y Solanki & Kumar 2014 Leucauge celebesiana 323 Tetragnathidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 (Walckenaer, 1841) Tikader 1982; Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Leucauge decorata Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 324 Tetragnathidae Y Y Y Y (Blackwall, 1864) Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Leucauge tessellata (Thorell, 325 Tetragnathidae Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 1887) Tetragnatha andamanensis 326 Tetragnathidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003a Tikader, 1977 Tetragnatha boydi O. 327 Tetragnathidae Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003 Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 Tetragnatha cambridgei 328 Tetragnathidae Y Patel 1971 Roewer, 1942 Tetragnatha extensa 329 Tetragnathidae Y Solanki 2016 (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetragnatha fletcheri 330 Tetragnathidae Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 Gravely, 1921 Tetragnatha javana (Thorell, Patel 2003; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009; 331 Tetragnathidae Y Y 1890) Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Tetragnatha mandibulata Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 332 Tetragnathidae Y Y Y Y Walckenaer, 1841 Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Solanki 2016 Tetragnatha maxillosa Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 333 Tetragnathidae Y Y Y Y Y (Thorell, 1895) Solanki 2016; present study 334 Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha sp. Y Y Y Y Present study Tetragnatha sutherlandi 335 Tetragnathidae Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Anonymous 2009 Gravely, 1921 Tylorida striata (Thorell, 336 Tetragnathidae Y Patel 1971 1877) Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 337 Tetragnathidae Y Solanki 2016 1877) 338 Theraphosidae Chilobrachy sp. Y Anonymous 2009; Parasharya et al. 2011 Plesiophrictus millardi 339 Theraphosidae Y Parasharya et al. 2011 Pocock, 1899 340 Theraphosidae Plesiophrictus sp. Y Anonymous 2009 Poecilotheria regalis Pocock, 341 Theraphosidae Y Parasharya et al. 2011 1899 Achaearanea budana 342 Y Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009 Tikader, 1970 Achaearanea durgae Tikader, 343 Theridiidae Y Y Siliwal 2000 1970 ambalikae Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 344 Theridiidae Y Y Tikader, 1970 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Argyrodes argentatus O. 345 Theridiidae Y Solanki 2016 Pickard- Cambridge,1880 Argyrodes cyrtophorae 346 Theridiidae Y Patel 1973 Tikader, 1963 Argyrodes dipali Tikader, Patel 1973; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; present 347 Theridiidae Y Y Y 1963 study O. Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; Kumar & Shivakumar 348 Theridiidae Y Y Y Y Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 2010; Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016; present study Patel 1973; Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; Siliwal et al. Argyrodes gazedes Tikader, 349 Theridiidae Y Y Y 2003a; Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 1970 2011 Argyrodes gazingensis 350 Theridiidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 Tikader, 1970

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Argyrodes jamkhedes Patel 1973; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; present 351 Theridiidae Y Y Tikader, 1963 study Argyrodes miniaceus Patel 2003; Kumar & Shivakumar 2010; Bhatt 352 Theridiidae Y Y Y (Doleschall, 1857) 2014; Solanki 2016 Argyrodes projeles Tikader, 353 Theridiidae Y Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; Anonymous 2009 1970 354 Theridiidae Argyrodes sp. Y Y Solanki & Kumar 2014 Cephalobares globiceps O. 355 Theridiidae Y Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 Chrysso sikkimensis (Tikader, 356 Theridiidae Y Siliwal et al. 2003b 1970) 357 Theridiidae Chrysso sp. Y Y Y Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003 Coleosoma blandum 358 Theridiidae Y Solanki 2016 O.Pickard- Cambridge, 1882 Cyllognatha surajbe Patel & Patel & Patel 1972; Tikader 1972; Patel & Vyas 359 Theridiidae Y Y Y Y Patel, 1972 2001; Anonymous 2009 360 Theridiidae Euryopis sp. Y Solanki 2016

361 Theridiidae Faiditus sp. Y Siliwal et al. 2003b Faiditus spinosus (Keyserling, 362 Theridiidae Y Anonymous 2009 1884) Faiditus xiphias (Thorell, 363 Theridiidae Y Y Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001 1887) Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell, Patel 1973; Siliwal 2000; Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal 364 Theridiidae Y Y Y 1870 & Kumar 2001; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016 Meotipa picturata Simon, 365 Theridiidae Y Y Y Solanki 2016; present study 1895 Nihonhimea mundula 366 Theridiidae Y Y Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study (L. Koch, 1872) 367 Theridiidae Parasteatoda sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Present study Rhomphaea projiciens (O. Patel 1973; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Kumar 368 Theridiidae Y Y Y Y Y Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) & Yashkamal 2011; Solanki 2016; present study 369 Theridiidae Theridion sp. Y Trivedi 2009; Solanki & Kumar 2014 Theridion manjithar Tikader, Patel 1973; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a; 370 Theridiidae Y Y Y 1970 Anonymous 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Patel,1973; Patel & Vyas 2001; Patel 2003; 371 Theridiidae Theridion tikaderiPatel, 1973 Y Y Y Anonymous 2009 Thwaitesia dangensis Patel & 372 Theridiidae Y Patel & Patel 1972 Patel, 1972 Amyciaea forticeps(O. 373 Thomisidae Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Solanki 2016 Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) Camaricus khandalaensis Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009; present 374 Thomisidae Y Y Y Y Y Tikader, 1980 study Patel 1971; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous Indoxysticus minutus 2009; Kumar & Yashkamal 2011; Solanki & Kumar 375 Thomisidae Y Y Y Y Y (Tikader, 1960) 2014; Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c; present study Misumena maronica 376 Thomisidae Y Patel 2003 Caporiacco, 1954 Monaeses mukundi Tikader, 377 Thomisidae Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009 1980 Monaeses parvatiTikader, Patel 1971; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; 378 Thomisidae Y Y 1963 Anonymous 2009 Oxytate elongata (Tikader, Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; 379 Thomisidae Y 1980) Prajapati et al. 2016c Ozyptila maratha Tikader, 380 Thomisidae Y Y Patel 1971; Anonymous 2009 1971 Runcinia ghorpadei Tikader, Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 2009; present 381 Thomisidae Y Y 1980 study Patel 1971; Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Runcinia insecta (L. Koch, 382 Thomisidae Y Y Y Kumar & Shivakumar 2006; Anonymous 2009; 1875) Solanki 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016c Runcinia roonwali Tikader, 383 Thomisidae Y Y Y Y Present study 1965

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Zones Family Species References I II III IV V VI VII VIII Synema decoratum Tikader, 384 Thomisidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y present study 1960 Thomisus andamanensis 385 Thomisidae Y Trivedi 2009 Tikader, 1980 Thomisus bulani Tikader, 386 Thomisidae Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003a; Patel 2003 1960 Thomisus dhakuriensis 387 Thomisidae Y Kumar & Shivakumar 2006 Tikader, 1960 Thomisus elongatus 388 Thomisidae Y Y Siliwal et al. 2003b; Solanki 2016 Stoliczka, 1869 Thomisus krishnae Reddy & Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; Siliwal et al. 2003a; 389 Thomisidae Y Y Patel, 1992 Kumar & Yashkamal 2011 Thomisus projectus Tikader, 390 Thomisidae Y Y Y Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Trivedi 2009 1960 Thomisus pugilis Stoliczka, Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Anonymous 391 Thomisidae Y 1869 2009; Solanki & Kumar 2014; Prajapati et al. 2016c Thomisus shivajiensis Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Anonymous 392 Thomisidae Y Y Y Tikader, 1965 2009; Solanki & Kumar 2014 Solanki & Kumar 2014; Solanki 2016; present 393 Thomisidae Thomisus sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y study Tmarus kotigeharus Tikader, 394 Thomisidae Y Y Y Y Y Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; present study 1963 395 Thomisidae Tmarus sp. Y Siliwal 2000; Siliwal et al. 2003b; Patel 2003

396 Thomisidae Xysticus sp. Y Solanki & Kumar 2014 Pandava laminata (Thorell, 397 Titanoecidae Y Solanki 2016 1878) Pandava nathabhaii (Patel & 398 Titanoecidae Y Patel & Patel 1975; Anonymous 2009 Patel, 1975) 399 Trachelidae Trachelassp. Y Solanki 2016

400 Uloboridae Miagrammopes sp. Y Y Y Y Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; present study

401 Uloboridae Philoponella sp. Y Y Y Y Y Y Present study Uloborus danolius Tikader, Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal et al. 2003a,b; Patel 402 Uloboridae Y Y Y 1969 2003; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016 Uloborus khasiensis Tikader, Patel 2003; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 2016; 403 Uloboridae Y Y Y Y Y Y 1969 present study Uloborus krishnae Tikader, Tikader 1977; Siliwal 2000; Patel 2003; Siliwal 404 Uloboridae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1970 2003a; Anonymous 2009; present study Uloborus plumipes Lucas, 405 Uloboridae Y Prajapati et al. 2016c 1846 Uloborus danolius Tikader, 406 Uloboriidae Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Patel 1971; Siliwal 2000; present study 1969 Patel & Vyas 2001; Siliwal 2002; Patel 2003; Siliwal 407 Uloboriidae Uloborus sp. Y Y Y Y et al. 2003b; Bhatt 2014; Solanki 2016 Zosis geniculata (Olivier, 408 Uloboriidae Y Solanki 2016 1789) 409 Zodaridae Asceua sp. Y Y Present study

410 Zodaridae Luticasp. Y Y Y Y Present study

411 Zodaridae Mallinella sp. Y Y Present study Storena gujaratensis Tikader Tikader & Patel 1975; Anonymous 2009; Solanki 412 Zodaridae Y Y & Patel, 1975 2016 Storena indica Tikader & 413 Zodaridae Y Y Tikader & Patel 1975; Anonymous 2009; Patel, 1975 414 Zodaridae Storena sp. Y Present study; Solanki 2016 Tropizodium 415 Zodaridae viridurbium Prajapati et al., Y Prajapati et al. 2016a 2016

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Image 1. Argiope anasuja Thorell, 1887 Image 3. Eriovixia excelsa (Simon, 1889) Image 2. (Stoliczka, 1869)

Image 4. Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, 1980

Image 6. Pritha daramkumarsinhji Patel, 1978 Image 5. Thelacantha brevispina (Doleschall, 1857)

Image 7. Hersilia savignyi Lucas, 1836

Image 8. Idiops sp.

Image 9. Pardosa birmanica Simon, 1884

Image 11. Oxyopes bharatae Gajbe, 1999 Image 10. Brignolia sp. Image 12. Palpimanus sp.

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Image 14. Pholcus phalangioides Image 15. Ariadna sp. (Fuesslin, 1775) Image 13. Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867)

Image 17. Olios milleti (Pocock, 1901) Image 18. Spariolenus tigris Simon, 1880

Image 16. Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767)

Image 20. Leucauge decorata (Blackwall, 1864)

Image 22. Asceua sp. Image 19. Guizygiella melanocrania (Thorell, 1887)

Image 21. Nihonhimea mundula (L. Koch, 1872)

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Theridiidae) from Gujarat, India. Bulletin of British Arachnological Sebastian, P.A. & K.V. Peter (2009). Spiders of India. Universities Press Society 2(8): 149–152. (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad, 614pp. Patel, B.H. & H.K. Patel (1973). On some new species of spiders of Sethi, V.D. & B.K. Tikader (1988). Studies on some giant crab spiders family Clubionidae (Araneae: Arachnida) with a record of genus of the family Heteropodidae from India. Records of the Zoological CastianeiraKeyserling from Gujarat, India. Proceedings of the Indian Survey of India, Occasional Paper 93: 1–94. Academy of Science 78(B): 1–9. Siliwal, M. (2000). Taxonomic studies of Spiders with special emphasis Patel, B.H. (1975a). Some spiders of the families Filistatidae and on their role in Biological control of insect pests. PhD Thesis Scytodidae from Gujarat, India. Oriental Insects 9: 425–429. Submitted to The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, Patel, B.H. (1975b). Studies on some spiders of the family Argiopidae India, 83pp. (Arachnida: Araneae) from Gujarat, India. Journal of Gujarat Siliwal, M. & D. Kumar (2001). Rare sighting of poisonous spider University XVIII(1): 153–167. Latrodectus hasseltii indicus Simon (Araneae: Theridiidae) in a Patel, B.H. & H.K. Patel (1975). A new record of the family Amaurobiidae cotton field in Baroda district, Gujarat.Current Science 81(9): 1170– (Arachnidae: Araneae) from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural 1171. History Society 72: 800–803. Siliwal, M., B. Suresh, S. Dhuru & B. Pilo (2003a). Spider diversity Patel, B.H. (1978). Studies on Indian Filistatid spiders (Araneae: of riparian zone of river Vishwamitri, Gujarat. Journal of Current Arachnida). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75: 183– Science 3(2): 429–434. 189. Siliwal, M., B. Suresh & B. Pilo (2003b). Spiders of Purna Wildlife Patel, S.K. (1987). A new species of spider of the genus: Uroctea Sanctuary, Dangs, Gujarat. Zoos’ Print Journal 18(11): 1259–1263; (Urocteidae) from India. Biological Bulletin of India 9: 193–195. http://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.18.11.1259-63 Patel, S.K. (1988). A new species of spider (Family: Araneidae) from Solanki, R. & D. Kumar (2014). Effect of pesticides on spider population Gujarat, India. Current Sciences 57(18): 1029–1030. in cotton Agro-system of Vadodara (Gujarat). The IIS University Patel, S.K. (1989). A new species of the spider genus Poecilochroa Journal of Science & Technology 3(1): 48–52. (Gnaphosidae) from India. Current Science 58: 328–329. Solanki, R. (2016). Ecology and Diversity of Spider Fauna in Southern Patel, B.H. & T.S. Reddy (1990). An addition to the Araneid fauna Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests of Gujarat. PhD Thesis Submitted to (Araneae: Arachnida) of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara Gujarat, India, 305pp. India 87(2): 157–164. Tikader, B.K. (1973). Studies on some spiders of the family Gnaphosidae Patel, B.H. & R. Vyas (2001). Spider of Hingolgadh Nature Education from India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 77(5): Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. Zoos’ Print Journal 16(9): 589–590; http:// 186–189. doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.16.9.589-90 Tikader, B.K. (1974). Studies on some jumping spiders of the genus Patel, B.H. (2003). Spiders of Vansda National Park, Gujarat. Zoos’ Phidippus from India (family-Salticidae). Proceedings of the Indian Print Journal 18(4): 1079–1083; http://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT. Academy of Science 79(B): 120–126. ZPJ.18.4.1079-83 Tikader, B.K. & B.H. Patel (1975). Studies on some rare spiders of the Pillai, K.G. (2006). Hitherto unknown palpimanid spider (Araneae: family Zodariidae from India. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Palpimanidae) from India. Entomon 31: 133–136. Society 3: 137–139. Pocock, R.I. (1900). The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Tikader, B.K. (1977). Studies on spider fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Burma Arachnida. Taylor and Francis London, London, 279pp. Islands India Ocean. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 72: Prajapati, D.A., P.S. Murthappa, P.M. Sankaran & P.A. Sebastian 153–212. (2016a). Two new species of the ant-eating spider genusTropizodium Tikader, B.K. (1980). Thomisidae (Crab-spiders). The fauna of India: Jocqué & Churchill, 2005 (Araneae: Zodariidae: Zodariinae) from Araneae. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 1: 1–247. India. Zootaxa 4061(5): 575–584 Tikader, B.K. & M.S. Malhotra (1980). Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). The Prajapati, D.A., P.S. Murthappa, P.M. Sankaran & P.A. Sebastian fauna of India: Araneae. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 1: 248– (2016b). Two new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from India 447. (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillina). Zootaxa 4171(2): 321–334. Tikader, B.K. & B. Biswas (1981). Spider Fauna of Calcutta and Vicinity. Prajapati, D.A., K.R. Patel, S.B. Munjpara, S.S. Chettiar & D.D. Jhala Zoological survey of India, Kolkata, 149pp. (2016c). Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Gujarat University Campus, Tikader, B.K. (1982). Family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) typical Ahmedabad, India with additional description of Eilica tikaderi orbweavers. Fauna India (Araneae). Zoological Survey of India, (Platnick, 1976). Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(11): 9327–9333; Kolkata 2: 1–293. http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.1835.8.11.9327-9333 Trivedi, V. (2009). Diversity of spiders in Groundnut crop fields in Reddy, T.S. & B.H. Patel (1993). Two new species of the genus village area of Saurashtra region. Journal of the Bombay Natural Chorizopes O.P. Cambridge (Araneidae: Araneidae) from India. History Society 106(2): 184–189. Entomon 18(1&2): 53–56. World Spider Catalog (2017). World Spider Catalog. Natural History Reddy, T.S. & B.H. Patel (1994). 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Threatened Taxa

10716 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2017 | 9(9): 10697–10716

OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservation globally by publishing peer-reviewed articles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate atwww.threatenedtaxa.org . All articles published in JoTT are registered under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License unless otherwise mentioned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of articles in any medium, reproduction, and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) September 2017 | Vol. 9 | No. 9 | Pages: 10633–10740 Date of Publication: 26 September 2017 (Online & Print) DOI: 10.11609/jott.2017.9.9.10633-10740 www.threatenedtaxa.org

Articles Avifaunal diversity in the scrub forest of Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India The ecology of Harwood’s Francolin Pternistis harwoodi -- Sumant Mali, Chelmala Srinivasulu & Asad R. Rahmani, (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) at Merhabete District, Pp. 10679–10691 central highlands of Ethiopia: implications for conservation -- Abadi Mehari Abrha & Habtu Kiros Nigus, Pp. 10633–10641 A second record of the Eastern Spadefoot Toad (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachium bompu Effects of the invasive Tilapia on the Common Spiny Loach Sondhi & Ohler, 2011) with a note on its morphological (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae: Lepidocephalichthys thermalis) - variations and natural history implications for conservation -- Bhaskar Saikia, Bikramjit Sinha & Ilona J. Kharkongor, -- Sandip D. Tapkir, Sanjay S. Kharat, Pradeep Kumkar & Pp. 10692–10696 Sachin M. Gosavi, Pp. 10642–10648 Spiders of Gujarat: a preliminary checklist -- Archana Yadav, Reshma Solanki, Manju Siliwal & Dolly Kumar, Communications Pp. 10697–10716

Distribution and habitat use of the endangered Dhole An ethnomycological survey of Jaunsar, Chakrata, Dehradun, Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) (Mammalia: Canidae) in India Jigme Dorji National Park, western Bhutan -- Manoj Kumar, N.S.K. Harsh, Rajendra Prasad & -- Chhimi Namgyal & Phuntsho Thinley, Pp. 10649–10655 Vijay Vardhan Pandey, Pp. 10717–10725

Winter food habits of the Golden Jackal Canis aureus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Patna Bird Sanctuary, Notes Uttar Pradesh, India -- Khursid A. Khan, Jamal A. Khan & Narendra Mohan, Pp. 10656– First record of Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes 10661 (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) from Jammu & Kashmir, India On the poorly-known White-spotted SkinkLygosoma -- Neeraj Sharma, Pp. 10726–10728 albopunctatum (Gray, 1846) (Reptilia: Scincidae) with further topotypical records and notes on the type locality Sightings of the Great White PelicanPelecanus onocrotalus -- S.R. Ganesh, Pp. 10662–10668 (Linn. 1758) (Aves: Pelicaniformes: Pelicanidae) in Pallikaranai Marshlands, Tamil Nadu, India A study on the density, population structure and regeneration -- Kannan Thirunaranan, Samidurai Jayakumar, Sankaranathan of Red Sanders Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabales: Fabaceae) Sivaraman & Santhanakrishnan Babu, Pp. 10729–10732 in a protected natural habitat - Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India A note on three interesting Heteroptera from Kolhapur, -- Chenchu Ankalaiah, Thondaladinne Mastan & Maharashtra, India Mullangi Sridhar Reddy, Pp. 10669–10674 -- S.M. Gaikwad, Y.J. Koli & G.P. Bhawane, Pp. 10733–10737

Short Communications Response & Reply

First record and genetic affiliation of the Balkan Snow Vole Response to article on Adventitious rooting of mature Cycas Dinaromys bogdanovi (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Albania micronesica -- Ivan Stolarik & Daniel Jablonski, Pp. 10675–10678 -- S. Suresh Ramanan, P. 10738

Best protocols for cycad propagation require more research -- Thomas Edward Marler & Gil Naputi Cruz, Pp. 10738–10740

Threatened Taxa