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The Byzantine Economy Angeliki E. Laiou and Cecile Morrisson Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61502-0 - The Byzantine Economy Angeliki E. Laiou and Cecile Morrisson Index More information INDEX . abiotikion, 159 Andronikos I, emperor of Trebizond Abydos, 35, 52 (1222–35), 216 accounting, 104, 239 Andronikos II, emperor (1282–1328), 217, Achaia, 167 224 added value, 231 Andros, 111, 128, 190 adelphata, 17 Angevins, 171, 221 Adoulis, 36 animal husbandry, 171 Adrianople, 199 animals, 67, 113 Adriatic sea, 8 animals, pack-animals, 37 Aegean sea, 8, 11, 167, 169, 173, 185, 206, annona civica, 33 212, 213, 215, 220 Antaeopolis, 32 Africa, 11, 15, 35 Antioch, 26 agronomy, 104 Apameia, 26 Akominatos, Michael, 98 Aphrodito, 26, 32 Alexandria, 26, 37, 139 apiculture, 97, 110, 113 Alexios I Komnenos, emperor Apions, family, 32 (1081–1118), 141, 144, 151, 159 Apokaukos, Alexios, 172 Alexios III Angelos, emperor (1195–1203), Apulia, 11, 118 142 aqc¸e, 217 al-Hakim II, caliph (961–976), 77 Arabs, 6 al-Idrisi, 131 arca frumentaria, 34 alimentary products, 56 archaeology, 2, 5 al-Mamun, caliph (813–833), 53 archontes, 129 Almoravids, 155 Argolid, 46, 95 Alonnesos/Pelagonnesi, shipwreck, 117 argyroprates-ai (bankers), 72 alum, 33, 172, 189, 194 aristocracy, 59, 63, 80, 132, 141, 181, 182, Amalfi, 84, 143 199, 244 Amorion, 48, 56, 75, 118, 119, 123, 130, Aristotle, 2, 61, 162 131, 137 armamenton-a (arsenals), 74 Anastasios I, emperor (491–518), Armenia, 30 27 Armenia, Lesser, 202 Anatolia, 11, 46, 191 Armenians, 45, 96, 190 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61502-0 - The Byzantine Economy Angeliki E. Laiou and Cecile Morrisson Index More information Index 261 arms, 55 Black Sea, 135, 172, 185, 187, 202, 203, arsenals, 74 204, 205, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, art objects, 183 214 art, industries of, 56, 74 blacksmiths, 70, 78 Arta, 183, 206 Boeotia, 12, 110, 111, 129 artisanal activities/production, 111, 115, Boilas, Eustathios, 104 182 Book of the Prefect, 44, 57, 61, 71, 72, 129 artisans, 118, 122, 123, 124, 132, 164, 199 Bouras, Ch., 5 Artze, 137 Bozburun, 82 Asia Minor, 96, 111, 114, 137, 167, 170, bread, 17, 56 172, 182, 187 Bruges, 214 aspers, 217, 223 Bryennios, Nikephoros, 150 aspron-a trachy-ea, billon or copper coin, 151 building, 40, 131, 132, 198 assay, of coins, 217 Bulgaria, 52, 92, 95, 97, 167, 168, 246 associations, commercial, 18, 140 Bulgars, 43 Athanasios I, Patriarch of Constantinoploe, Bursa, 13 228 Athanasios, hegoumenos of Lavra, 104 cadastre, 21, 51 Athens, 118, 127, 132, 181 Caesarea, 26 Athos, Mt., 173, 181, 209 Caffa, 207 Attaleia, 137 Cairo, 139 Attaleiates, Michael, 2, 162 Calabria, 11, 12, 40, 45, 92, 110 Attica, 118 cameos, 183 augustal, gold coin, 222 Candia, 206 autarkeia, 112 capital, 61, 108, 109, 129, 140, 141, 161, Avars, 24, 39 163 Avlona, 206 Cappadocia, 32, 45, 96 Avramiton, 176 Caricinˇ Grad, 29 Axios (Vardar), 11 carpets, 125 cash crops, 98, 110, 175, 176, 180 Badoer, Giacomo, 193, 194, 198, 221 Catalans, 181 Baghdad, 134, 139 cattle, 81, 97 bakers, bakeries, 34 cattle raising, 67, 171 Balkans, 11, 26, 29, 40, 95 caviar, 15 Balsamon, 162 ceramics, 33, 34, 70 bankers, 27, 38, 72, 141, 197, 199, 213 Aegean Ware, 184, 185, 187 banking, 38, 199, 202, 233, 243, 246 African Red Slip, 35, 41 Barcelona, 138, 208 Elaborate Incised Ware, 187 barley, 98 exports, 118, 121 Basil I, emperor (867–886), 20 Fine Sgraffito Ware, 117 Basil II, emperor (976–1025), 8, 9, 16, 53, glazed, 116, 117, 118, 121 95, 102, 115, 155 Glazed White Ware, 41, 75, 116, 185 Basilics, 62, 71 Measles Ware, 117 basilikon silver coin, 217 Palestinian amphorae, 35 beekeeping. See apiculture Phocaean, 35 Benjamin of Tudela, 128, 130, 138 Polychrome Ware, 76 besant, 147, 155, 220 Sgraffito Ware, 121 billon, 217 Sicilian Ware, 75 Bir Umm Fawakhir, 30 Slip Painted, 117 Bithynia, 11, 12, 13, 45, 46, 55, 81, 190, 203 St. Symeon Ware, 186 Black Death, 196. See also plague, 39, 192 Zeuxippus Ware, 184, 185, 187 Zeuxippus Ware derivatives, 184, 185 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61502-0 - The Byzantine Economy Angeliki E. Laiou and Cecile Morrisson Index More information 262 Index cereals, 65, 97. See grain consumption, 54, 132, 133 Chalkidike, 172, 176, 182, 193 contracts, 18, 20, 32, 62, 80, 163, 228, 233 Chandax, 118, 119 copper, mines, 30 cheese, 138 coppersmiths, 70, 78 Cherson, 41, 84 Cordoba,´ 21, 77 Chilandar, monastery, 179 Corinth, 75, 117, 118, 119, 123, 124, 127, Chilia, 207 128, 131, 136, 171, 185, 186, 187, 189, China, 31, 36, 202 190 Chios, 137, 205, 207 Coron, 167, 191, 206 Chora, monastery of, 122 corporations, 71 chorion, 68 corvees,´ 51, 156, 179 chreokoinonia, 140 Cosmas Indicopleustes, 36 chrysochos-oi, 27 cotton, 171, 172, 195, 203 Cilicia, 11, 45, 96 court titles, 53, 141 Cipolla, C., 155 craftsmen, 27, 70, 122, 198 cities, 5, 25, 26, 27, 31, 34, 37, 39, 41, 42, barrel-makers, 198 47, 55, 73, 87, 93, 118, 131, 133, 137, smiths, 198 182, 196, 197, 232, 237, 240, 241, 246 soap-makers, 198 autonomy, 196, 197, 200 craftsmen, rural, 32 centers of production, 241 credit, 72, 140 freedom of, 182 Crete, 11, 53, 114, 137, 138, 167, 172, 189, functions of, 131 202, 205, 206, 211 civil war of (1341–1354), 199 Crimea, 185, 188, 204 Clarentza, 191, 206 crisis climate, 8, 11, 12, 15, 25, 39, 47, 65, 236, mid-fourteenth century, 233, 237 238 seventh-century, 231, 237, 241 Clysma, 36 crusader states, 145, 202, 203, 204 coinage, 37, 54, 63, 85 crusades, 143, 153 alloy, 216 Fourth Crusade, 127, 147, 166, 167, 203 copper, 38, 87 Crypta Balbi, 41 gold, 50, 53, 148 crystal, 183 gold, Byzantine, 215 currency, 202 gold, Venetian, 221 Cyprus, 11, 17, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40, 131, 136, gold, Western, 215 168, 172, 185, 186, 202 integrating role, 226 Latin Empire, 216 Dagron, G., 78 silver, 150 Dalmatia, 29 coins Danelis, 67 foreign, 215 Danube, 11 production, 74 Davidson, G. R., 123 imitations, 223 debasement, 88, 147, 148, 149, 217, 223 colleganza, 73, 243 decline, 3, 24, 26, 38, 40, 42 commenda, 73, 140, 194, 243 defters (Turkish registers), 16 Commercial Revolution, 241 demand, 7, 43, 56, 71, 97, 115, 121, 124, Constantine V, emperor (741–775), 45, 51, 126, 132, 135, 142, 160, 163, 170, 182, 231 243 Constantine IX Monomachos, emperor domestic demand, 193 (1042–55), 135, 149 elite demand, 73, 76, 113, 122, 124, 126, Constantinople, 33, 41, 47, 48, 54, 71, 73, 132, 160, 167, 182, 186, 192, 244 83, 116, 117, 122, 131, 138, 139, 166, foreign, 126 169, 196, 197, 203, 207, 208, 223 international, 183, 201, 203 construction, 27, 124, 132, 149, 198 demography, 4, 44, 91, 169, 195 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61502-0 - The Byzantine Economy Angeliki E. Laiou and Cecile Morrisson Index More information Index 263 deniers tournois, French or Frankish silver Epiros, 11, 15, 167, 169, 171, 186, 187, 191, coins, 223 206, 216, 224 deportations, 45 episkepseis, 102 development, 233, 234, 236, 237, 243, 244, epitropos (steward), 104 247 ergasteriakoi (craftsmen and traders), 71 Didymoteichon, 199 estates diminishing returns, 90 imperial, 32, 59, 102, 239, 244 dinar, 155 large, 4, 69, 97, 101, 103, 169, 173, 174, dirhem, 85 238 division of labour, 80, 164, 195, 202, 203, management, 104, 175, 239 204 senatorial, 32 Djadovo, 111 esterlin, English silver coin, 223 Dobrudja, 119, 125 Euboea, 128, 190 Dokimeion, 29 Euchaita, 131, 137 domain, mode of exploitation, 239 Europe, Northern, 237, 240, 245 domus divinae (imperial domains), 32 Europe, Western, 125, 171, 173, 182, 233, Dor D wreck, 40 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, doukaton, 217 243, 244, 245, 246 dowries, 18, 126 exchange, 240, 241, 243, 244 ducat economic exchange, 33, 241 Venetian gold coin, 222 gift exchange, 134, 244 Venetian silver coin, 223 non-economic, 6, 53, 134, 244 dye shops, 127 exchange economy, 2, 4, 91, 113, 115, 133, dyes, 33, 66, 132, 173 139, 163, 201 porphyra, 79 exemptions, 156, 158 dyestuffs, 171, 191 exkousseia-ai (immunity), 106, 156 acorns, 171 exploitation, 100, 105, 107, 111, 114, 178, kermes, 171 179, 239 murex, 33 land, 12, 103 dynatoi, 102 export Dyrrachion (Durazzo, Durres),¨ 27, 37, 136, control, 204 144, 206 exports, 89 Byzantine, 35, 138 earthquakes, 12 Ecloga, 61 fabricae (arms factories), 33 economic behavior, 2 fairs, 81, 113, 128, 137, 180 economic concepts, 6 family, 18, 171, 178, 213 economic growth, 3 famine, 58, 228 Economic History of Byzantium, 5 Farmer’s Law, 44, 65, 69, 99 economic policy, 2, 224 Fatimids, 84, 137, 155 economy feudalism, 105, 157 Western, 235, 236, 237, 244 finances, imperial, 220 economy, mixed, 231, 234, 235 fire beacons, 21 economy, political, 229 fisc, 145 Egypt, 15, 17, 24, 30, 32, 34, 36, 114, 126, fiscal policy, 2, 156 128, 137, 138, 139, 142, 201, 202, 205 fiscality. See taxation embole, 34 fish, 84 emporos-oi (merchants), 80 fishing, 15, 110, 172 enamels, 132, 183 flax, 172 endowments, 170, 246 florin, gold coin, 223 Eparch (Prefect of Constantinople), 72 follis-es, copper coin, 37, 85, 88, 153 Ephesus, 26 food, 17 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61502-0 - The Byzantine Economy Angeliki E. Laiou and Cecile Morrisson Index More information 264 Index forest, 172 Harmenopoulos, Constantine, 228, 229 Fos, shipwreck, 41 Harvey, A., 3, 112, 243, 245 Foss, C., 3 Hebros (Marica), 11 Francia, 236, 237 Hendy, M. F., 3, 151 Frederick II Hohenstaufen, emperor Herakleios, emperor (610–641), 24, 50 (1214–1250), 222 heuresis thesaurou, 159 free market, 234 Hexabiblos, 228 freedom of the sea, 208 Hieron, 52 fruit,
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