Partners Meeting Presentation

Partners meeting Presentation

June 2014 • Agenda • Introduction • Review of previous minutes • SWALIM – Gu Seasonal Rainfall Update • FSNAU/FESWNET update • FSC response update for May 2015 • Punt land resilience baseline survey presentation • AOB- SIRNA/CCPM Somalia Water and Land Information Management

Gu 2015 Rainfall Performance Update

25 June 2015 Gu 2015 Rainfall Performance SWALIM Station Data

• Most stations in South and Central received good rains with Bay region having recorded the highest amounts of rainfall

• Some parts of west of Gedo recorded depressed rains – Belet Hawa and Ceel Waq districts. Gu 2015 Rainfall Performance SWALIM Station Data

• Average to above average rains were experienced in this area • Few pocket of below normal rains were seen in some parts of the region – Jariban, Bandarbeyla

Gu 2015Rainfall Performance SWALIM Station Data

• There was a prolonged dry period during the month of April in most parts of Somaliland. This has impacted negatively in many sectors. • Most stations in the western parts of the region received considerably below normal rains - Hargeisa, Gebilley, Aburin and Borama among others Summary of Gu Rainfall Performance

Station Region GU 2015 GU Average Percent of Station Region GU 2015 GU Average Percent Name Rainfall Rainfall Normal (%) Name Rainfall Rainfall of Normal (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (%)

Las Aanod Sool 210.0 71.0 295.8 Dangoroyo Bari 118.4 69.0 171.6 Ballidhin Bari 107.2 41.0 261.5 Diinsor Bay 414.3 247.0 167.7 Eyl Nugaal 220.0 89.0 247.2 Iskushuban Bari 79.0 48.0 164.6 Burtnile Nugaal 220.0 99.0 222.2 Belet Weyne Hiraan 271.0 182.0 148.9 Galkayo Mudug 213.5 98.0 217.9 Taleex Sool 121.5 83.0 146.4 Mataban Hiraan 387.5 186.0 208.3 Bulo Burti Hiraan 208.5 150.0 139.0 Caynabo Sool 255.0 133.0 191.7 Baidoa Bay 397.5 302.0 131.6 Xudun Sool 162.5 89.0 182.6 Qardo Bari 85.0 68.0 125.0 Buadodle Togdheer 163.8 135.0 121.3 Qulenjeed Awdal 190.5 227.0 83.9 BurHakaba Bay 415.5 354.0 117.4 Eeerigavo Sanaag 131.5 158.0 83.2 Hudur Bakool 218.0 187.0 116.6 Galdogob Mudug 87.5 110.0 79.5 Mogadishu Banadir 242.5 225.0 107.8 Bardaale Bay 200.0 252.0 79.4 Elafweyn Sanaag 98.0 110.0 89.1 Sakow M. Juba 238.5 310.0 76.9 Garowe Nugaal 78.5 89.0 88.2 Jowhar M.Shabelle 190.0 252.0 75.4 Luuq Gedo 135.0 154.0 87.7 Gebilley W. Galbeed 150.0 200.0 75.0 Bardheere Gedo 166.0 225.0 73.8 Balad L. Shabelle 182.2 287.0 63.5 Sheikh Togdheer 163.0 221.0 73.8 Bualle Middle juba 202.0 323.0 62.5 Elbarde Bakool 163.1 222.0 73.5 Afgoi L.Shabelle 155.0 269.0 57.6 Jamame Lower Juba 171.0 260.0 65.8 Cadaadley W.Galbeed 89.0 161.0 55.3 Burao Togdheer 91.0 143.0 63.6 Hargeisa W.i Galbeed 105.5 208.0 50.7 Wajaale W. Galbeed 83.0 223.0 37.2 Dilla W. Galbeed 51.0 224.0 22.8 Dhubato W. Galbeed 59.0 181.0 32.6 Bandarbeyla Bari 15.0 67.0 22.4 Borama Awdal 73.0 232.0 31.5 Jarriban Mudug 8.0 86.0 9.3 Baligubable W. Galbeed 66.0 211.0 31.3 Odweyne Togdheer 2.0 168.0 1.2 Aburin W. Galbeed 58.5 209.0 28.0 Berbera W. Galbeed 11.5 0.0 0.0 Malawle W. Galbeed 55.5 208.0 26.7 Alula Bari 0.0 4.0 0.0 Daraweyne W. Galbeed 46.3 186.0 24.9 Wanleweyne Bay 171.5 0.0 0.0

Above normal Below normal Normal Consinderably below normal Gu 2015 Rainfall performance compared to Deyr 2014

Deyr 2014

Areas that were affected Gu 2015 by drought during Deyr 2014 received good rains. Vegetation Conditions

As of June 15, 2015

Hot spots include North western parts of the country, Belet hawa and Eeel waq districts in the south as well as the southern coastal areas

Source: USGS/FEWS NET Climate Outlook June – August

The forecast for June to August indicates below normal Karaan rains in NW regions. Following the depressed Gu rains there is a high risk of drought in the area, hence, close monitoring is needed.

Source: ICPAC Source: SWALIM Floods Update Jowhar

• Floods were reported in mid April and continued until mid May with many people affected by flood waters • Currently river levels are within normal

Reported river breakages during Gu 2015 River breakages Current status Baareey Closed Bayahow Closed Dangale Closed Duduble Open • Three breakages are still open. There is Gufey Closed need for these breakages to be closed Gumbe Closed during the dry period (July to Guuleey (2) Closed Kulmis Yarow Closed September) before the next rainy Magadley Open seasons begin. Mahadaay Closed Mandheere Closed • SWALIM continues to monitor the Mukayle Closed Mukidheere Closed situation closely. Sabuun Open Timiire Closed Associated River Number of House Number of innudated Name of Village District Breakage Hold dispalced Cropland in Hectares Magaay Jowhar Kulmis yarow 15 552 Bayahow Jowhar Overflow itself 156 Raqayle Jowhar Overflow itself 110 Gaashaanle Jowhar Overflow itself 185 Tuugaareey Jowhar Overflow itself 101 Baardheere Jowhar Kulmis yarow 194 Primo Azenda Jowhar Bayaxoow 88 Sabun Jowhar Sabuun 357 Magadley Jowhar Magadley 221 Kulmis yarrow Jowhar Kulmis yarow 20 138 Gaafay Jowhar Magadley 160 Geedo Berkan Jowhar Magadley 20 250 Timire Jowhar Timire 191 Abdi galadi Jowhar Timire 198 Bulo Sheik Hilowle Jowhar Timire 120 Bulo Waray Jowhar Magadley 134 Bur Bisharo Jowhar Magadley 177 Moyko Jowhar Overflow itself 180 Gunbe Jowhar Gunbe 209 Lafo Malay Jowhar Sabuun 52 Mansur Mahaday Duduble 360 Diinlawe Mahaday Duduble 281 Dinlow Mahaday Duduble 125 Shan Mahaday Duduble 205 Dhin Garas Mahaday Duduble 70 Duduble Mahaday Duduble 1026 2976 Maqdas Bal’ad Kulmis yarow 17 230 Jameeco Bal’ad Kulmis yarow 40 246 Damaley Bal’ad Kulmis yarow 20 287 Farbaraki Bal’ad Kulmis yarow 15 180 Koreebe bari Bal’ad Kulmis yarow 23 294 Muki- dheere bari Bal’ad Kulmis yarow 30 329 Muki- dheere Bal’ad Kulmis yarow 0 250 Galckayo Galckayo Flash floods 450 Wanle Weyne Wanle WeyneFlash floods 20 Summary of current situation and what to expect

• The Gu rains have come to an end in many parts of the country with the southern and parts of NE recording good rains during the season

• Floods were reported with over 1000 households displaced and over 9000 hectares of cropland destroyed.

• Karan/Hagga rains are expected to continue throughout, but with reduced intensities in NE and southern coastal areas

• Some parts of North East and North West have received less than average quantities of rain and are potentially at risk of water shortage given the current situation. Close monitoring is needed.

• Full report on the Gu 2015 rainfall performance was issued by SWALIM and can be found on http://www.faoswalim.org/

Questions or comments please send to [email protected]

Thank you very much Yemen Arrivals - Update

• Over 17,000 people have arrived, over 70% in Puntland • On arrival: cooked meals, preventative nutrition support • In Areas of Return: e-transfers/’return package’, integration in existing programmes General Context

Period covered Improved Access & Safety Nets

Actuals: March – April 2015 900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0 Mar April May

Actuals Gap

331,357 331,165 335,341 (46%) (45%) (46%)

Low coverage March to April: 62% coverage in February Improved Access & Safety Nets

March April May

Out of the 335,341 beneficiaries assisted with IASN in March, 67% were located in South/Central Somalia. Improved Access & Safety Nets

March April May

Out of the 331,357 beneficiaries assisted with IASN in March, 68% were located in South/Central Somalia. Livelihood Assets

Actuals: March– May 2015

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000 Gap 400,000 Actual

300,000

200,000

100,000

0 Mar April May

541,001 416,397 407,963 (68%) (59%) (67%)

407,963 responses delivered in May reflecting increased coverage of 8% compared to April: targets adjusted due to seasonality Livelihood Assets

March April May

The 407,963 beneficiaries assisted represent 67% of the target: an increase of 8% points from April Livelihood Assets

March April May

The 407,963 beneficiaries assisted represent 67% of the target: an increase of 8% points from April Livelihood Seasonal Inputs

Feb March April May 4% 5% 6% 8%

Cumulative Actuals / Seasonal Target Livelihood Seasonal Inputs

February March Gu Season – 2015 (All Inputs)

FSC partners have delivered 210,841 responses which account about 8 percent of the seasonal livelihood inputs target. 88,600 of these benefited from seeds related packages. April May Key Messages

1. IASN comparable to March/April (at 46%) but significantly lower compared to Feb (62%) 2. Increased LA coverage 3. Livelihood Seasonal Inputs lower than Gu 2014 but higher than Deyr 2014. – Only PPR planned but NO CCPP plans reported due to funding shortfalls Thank you!

Questions? [email protected] http://foodsecuritycluster.net/countries/somalia • A Information for Better Livelihoods

POST Gu 2015 Early Warning

Food Security Cluster Meeting 29 June 2015, Nairobi CONTEXT: Acute Food Security Situation in the Post-Deyr 2014/15 (February-June 2015) Rural, Urban And IDP Populations

. 731 000 people acutely food insecure (IPC Phases 3 and 4), o/w 76% were IDPs; 12 % urban and 12% rural . Nearly 2.3 million additional people classified as Stressed (IPC Phase 2); . Areas in IPC Phases 3 and 4 : o Rural: southern agropastoral livelihoods (SAP) of Middle and Lower Juba regions o Urban: Bakool (Hudur and Wajid) and Hiran (Bulo Burto)

o IDPs: Dolow (Gedo) IPC Phase 4; the rest in IPC Phase 3 Gu 2015 Performance

Performance: started earlier than normal in most parts of the country (3rd dekad March); near normal to above normal intensity &coverage; poor temporal distribution - little or no rains from the second dekad of May in most of South-Central and some parts of Northeast regions (Nugal and parts of Bari)

Areas with below average/ poor rains: North: Agropastoral and Guban Pastoral; parts of Hawd of Togdheer; East Golis of Sanag; Northern Inland Pastoral of Sanaag and Bari, Coastal Deeh of Bari; South: Coastal areas (Shabelle and Juba), parts of Hiran, Gedo, Middle and Lower Juba regions

Projections: Karan rains (July-August) in NW: near normal to below normal Hagaa rains (June-August) in coastal and adjacent areas in the South (Juba, Shabelle and Bay) Deyr 2015 rains: very preliminary forecast of El-Nino event, which in the case for Somalia may result in good Deyr rains. Impact of Gu rains on Agricultural and Pastoral Livelihoods

 Agricultural Livelihoods: • Planted Areas under Cereals: Below Average to Average • Overall below average harvest outlook due to floods in M. Shabelle and early cessation of rains in agropastoral areas; in main producing regions of L. Shabelle and Bay (70% of Gu production) harvest is likely to be near average • Off-season harvest expected (Sep15): M. Shabelle, Gedo, Lower and Middle Juba • Poor Gu harvest in NW AP due to poor rains & likely below average Gu-Karan (Oct15)

 Pastoral Livelihoods: • Livestock conditions have improved in most pastoral and agropastoral areas of the country • Areas of concern in terms of pasture/ water shortages: parts of the regions of Bari, Sanag and Awdal in the North, Gedo (Garbaharey and Belethawa districts) in the South and Galgadud (Adado district) in Central • Improved milk availability and expectation for further improvement in most parts of the country over the next six months • Livestock holding of poor pastoral households is expected to reach near baseline to above baseline levels in most livelihoods Cereal & Livestock Price and ToT Trends

. Cereal prices increased between January and May 2015 in the South in the range of 9-18%

Cereal Prices (SOSH) Cereal Prices (SOSH) 30,000 Hiran (White Sorghum 1 kg) M Juba (White Maize 1 kg) L Juba (White Maize 1 kg) 27,000 30,000 Gedo(Red Sorghum 1 kg) 27,000 M Shabelle (White Maize 1 kg) L Shabelle (White Maize 1 kg) 24,000 Bay(Red Sorghum 1 kg) 24,000 21,000 Bakool(Red Sorghum 1 kg) 21,000 18,000 18,000 15,000 15,000 12,000 12,000 9,000 9,000 6,000 6,000 3,000

3,000 0 Price Price per Kg (SoSH)

0 Price per Kg (SoSH)

Feb-15 Feb-12 Feb-13 Feb-14

Nov-12 Aug-11 Nov-11 Aug-12 Aug-13 Nov-13 Aug-14 Nov-14

May-11 May-12 May-13 May-14 May-15

Feb-12 Feb-13 Feb-14 Feb-15

Aug-11 Nov-11 Aug-12 Nov-12 Aug-13 Nov-13 Aug-14 Nov-14

May-11 May-12 May-13 May-14 May-15

. Livestock prices for all species showed mild increases or stable rates between January and May 2015 in most markets . The ToT between local quality goat and imported rice remained relatively stable in the North but increased mildly in Central; . The ToT between local quality goat and local cereals in the South: declined in Bay, Juba and Shabelle regions due to increase in cereal prices; remained stable in Gedo and Bakool; increased in Hiran due to decline in cereal prices. Cost of Minimum Expenditure Basket in Urban Areas

. Declined from Jan15 in most areas of North-Central but increased in the South from 3 to 10%

. Annual comparisons (May 2014): moderate declines in the minimum cost of living in most regions, apart from Banadir, Bari Siege-Affected Areas: Bulo Burto (Hiran); Wajid and Hudur (Bakool)

Bulburte Market 50,000 Bulo Burto and Wajid: Increased 40,000 30,000 prices of food commodities since Dec-14 20,000 10,000 May-15 the beginning of 2015, although 0 cereal prices have come down in W. W. Maize Wheat Rice Sugar Veg. Oil Sorghum flour Wajid

Hudur: prices of most commodities Wajid Market 40,000 have declined significantly since a 30,000 20,000 Dec-14 year ago; prices are slightly higher 10,000 May-15 than in January apart from cereals 0 Red Soghum Sugar Rice Wheat flour which fell by 11%

Nutrition situation (June 2015): Very Hudur Market 80,000 Critical in Bulo Burto (25%) and 60,000 Jan-15 Critical (16%) in Bakool 40,000 May-14 20,000 May-15 0 Red Soghum Sugar Rice Wheat flour Veg. oil Nutrition Results in IDP Settlements

• Critical levels of GAM (≥15 %) observed among five (Dhobley, Baidoa , Dolow, Garowe and Galkayo) IDPs out of 13 surveyed during Gu 2015 assessment • Since Deyr 2014/15, nutrition situation deteriorated in Kismayo and Dhobley IDPs but improved significantly among Bossaso IDPs Early Warning for the post-Gu 2015

. A short-term deterioration of food security conditions in parts of agricultural livelihoods of Somalia in the post-Gu period (July- December 2015)

. Overall, the food security situation is likely to improve in livestock-dependent livelihoods apart from rain-deficit areas

. Food security crisis situation is likely to sustain in siege-affected town of Hiran and Bakool regions

. Food security crisis situation is likely to sustain in IDP settlements FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWORK

FOOD SCURITY OUTLOOK UPDATE June 29, 2015

1 March 2015

CLIMATE UPDATE May 2015

April 2015

2 Cumulative March to May 2015 rainfall as a percent of the 1981-to-2010 mean, African Rainfall Climatology-2 Climate Summary (ARC2) methodology The April-to-June (Gu) rainy season ended in early May with near normal to above normal performance in intensity, coverage and cumulative totals but poor in temporal across the country. The areas with generally poor rains during this period included agropastoral areas and Guban Pastoral of the Northwest, Coastal Deeh pastoral of the South and parts of Bari, Hiran, Gedo, and Middle and Lower Juba as well as localized areas of Sool Plateau of Sanaag. However, light to moderate rains ranging from 10 to 75 millimeters (mm) were received in localized areas of the northern, central, and southern regions through June 10, 2015. 3 eMODIS NDVI Anomaly 2015 minus Average (2001-2010) June 11-20, 2015 Overall the rangelands have more resources due to the rainy season across most of Somalia. However, NDVI is below-average, indicating poorer availability of rangeland resources, in most of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, parts of Bari, Sanaag, Mudug, Jubas, Gedo and Lower Shabelle Regions where the rains have been less intense and the cumulative total of rainfall has been lower or ceased earlier than Normal.

4 Projected Food Security Outcome July to September 2015 The 40th Greater Horn of Africa Climate Figure 4: GHACOF Consensus Climate Outlook for the June to August 2015 rainfall season Outlook Forum (25th to 26th May 2015) and partners consensus climate outlook, generally concluded increased likelihood of near normal to below normal rainfall over much of the Northwest Somalia and parts of Bay, Juba and Shabelle regions. There is an increased likelihood of near normal to above normal rainfall over the coastal areas of Juba and Lower Shabelle. For the rest of the country, June to August period is a dry season and these areas are expected to remain generally dry during June to August 2015

5 Projected food security outcomes, June 2015

• Agropastoral areas of Hiraan and Middle Juba will remain in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) in June and are likely to remain so through at least September. The expected below-average Gu harvest in July/August is likely to keep cereal prices higher than last year. Higher prices along with civil insecurity will continue to limit poor households’ purchasing power.

• With only very limited income from labor, areas along the Shabelle River in Jowhar District of Middle Shabelle, and Balad of Middle Shabelle, and Sablale of Lower Shabelle, food security will likely deteriorate through September. River flooding in April destroyed planted crops and inundated prepared land. There is far less labor demand than usual in these areas.

In Northwest Agropastoral livelihood zone, food security will likely deteriorate as there will be very little Gu maize harvested in July. However, during the start of the Karan 6 rains in June, planted area will likely increase. Moisture Index

Crop Moisture Index reflects moisture supply in the short-term across major crop-producing regions. It identifies potential agricultural droughts. It is not intended to assess long-term droughts.

7 Projected food security outcomes, July to September 2015 No significant changes to the area-based food security classifications from FEWS NET’s most likely scenario for April to September 2015, food security in riverine areas of Middle Shabelle, agropastoral areas of Hiran and some parts of agropastoral areas in Bay, Bakool and Middle Juba regions will likely deteriorate due to the negative impact of the early cessation of the Gu rains resulting reduced crop production.

The Gu cereal harvest will likely be below average in terms of overall volume due to the effects of floods in some districts of the Shabelle regions, especially in Jowhar, Wanlaweyn and Sablale districts and long dry spell as of late May in agropastoral livelihood zones. However, a gradual above average Gu off-season harvest in August and September is likely to sustain normal market availability for cereals.

In the Northwest, poor performance of Gu rains affected the maize in Northwest agropastoral and Short-cycle sorghum crop in Togdher Agropastoral livelihood zone. This will likely significantly reduce the harvest volume in July. The prospect of long-cycle sorghum performance depend to the projected near average July to August Karan rains. Similarly, projected near normal Hagaa shower in June-July will support both pasture and water conditions, and crop in Coastal Deeh and adjacent 8 agropastoral areas in Lower Shabelle and Jubas. End Questions ?

9 Baseline Survey for Puntland (Bosasso and Ishkushuban) June 2015

Joint Resilience Strategy Joint Resilience Strategy: Three Pillars

1. ENHANCED PRODUCTIVE SECTORS (FAO and WFP) – Diversification of livelihood strategies; – Intensification of production; – Access to Markets and Market Information.

2. ACCESS TO BASIC SOCIAL SERVICES (UNICEF) – Community information and knowledge systems; – Household and community care practices; – Skills development & community-based social service delivery

3. PREDICTABLE SAFETY NETS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION (UNICEF and WFP) – Sustained transfers of cash or food for long-term destitute or the seasonally at risk Resilience Index Measurement & Analysis (RIMA) Findings of RIMA

• Average overall RI of 0.005 • Conclusion: many people with low resilience • Female headed HHs have lower resilience (-0.014) than Male HHHs (0.01) • Agro-pastoralists have highest RI (0.3), followed by farmers (0.16), urban (0.06) • Agro-pastoralists have strongest and more balanced access to agric. assets RI Distribution

Resilience in Puntland 2014 2

1.5

Density

0 -1 -.5 0 .5 1 1.5 resilience index - Puntland SEM

Histogram Kernel density Mean Median Resilience Composition by district

Share of components National vs. Districts

100

Componentsshare (%)

0 National Bossaso Iskushuban

PRD ABS SSN AC S Resilience composition by gender

Share of components National Level vs. Household Head Gender

100

Components share (%)

0 National MaleHH FemaleHH

PRD ABS SSN AC S Types of Data from the RIMA

• Demographics* • Productive Assets (PRD) • Access to Basic Services (ABS) • Assets (AS) • Social Safety Nets (SSN) • Adaptive Capacity (AC) • Shocks JRS Puntland Baseline: Demographics* Demographics

• Mean hh size (7-8)

• Higher in mhhh (7) & lower in fhhh (6)

• Higher among IDPs, Pastoralists & Agropast (8) and about 7 in all other livelihoods Demographics …

Livelihood System Freq. Percent

Agro-Pastoralist 53 6.55%

Fishing 110 13.60% 23% IDPs 229 28.31% Female Pastoralist 121 14.96% Male Farming 56 6.92% 77% Urban 240 29.67%

Total 809 100% JRS Puntland Baseline: Productive Assets (PRD) Food Consumption Score (FCS)

Food consumption: Proportion of Population Sample District Livelihood Systems HH Head Type

Agro- Bossaso Iskush Pastoral Past Riverine Fishing Urban IDP Fem Male Study Control food insecure 8% 7% 2% 10% 14% 9% 6% 5% 12% 6% 7% 7%

Borderline 9% 6% 5% 12% 13% 0% 6% 9% 6% 8% 8% 7%

Acceptable 83% 87% 93% 79% 73% 91% 88% 85% 82% 86% 85% 86% Income & Expenditure

Share of food expenditure to total Monthly per capita expenditure expenditure (Overall= 0.66 ) Median Median 0.90 0.84 0.79 0.80 0.78 Livelihood expenditure Expenditure 0.80 0.730.74 0.74 (SoSh) ($) 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.63 0.70 0.64 0.55 Agro-Pasto 0.60 0.55 4,882,829 195 Pastoralist 0.50 3,996,375 160 0.40 Urban 0.30 3,735,850 149

0.20 Riverine 3,627,862 145 0.10 IDP 0.00 3,367,932 135 Fishing 3,145,567 126 Others median (p50) mean 2,086,801 83 JRS Puntland Baseline: Access to Basic Services (ABS) Dwelling (Material/ Ownership)

50 45 40 30 20 16 15 9 10 6 5 2 2 0 0

• Bricks/ concrete is the main dwelling material – Pastoralists (54%) owned – Agro-past (76%) rented – Riverine (52%) – Fishing (60%) part of work – Urban (60%) free – IDP 5% • 70% Iron sheets/ thatched Access to Services • 61% have access to reliable water/ safe drinking • Most households have access to public transport facilities (10- 15 minutes away from their dwellings on average) • 73% have access to markets • 74% have access to schools • 85% have access to heath facilities/ services

Child Delivery • Most child deliveries happen at home (84%), followed by public health facilities (12.5%); • Most deliveries are performed mostly by TBAs and CHWs JRS Puntland Baseline: Assets (AS) Crop Land Ownership Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU)

Mean TLU 8 8

6% 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 yes 5 5 4 no 3 3

2 2 94% 1

0 • Land owned by 6% • Average planted area 4.4 ha; agro-pastoralist (1.6) JRS Puntland Baseline: SOCIAL SAFETY NETS (SSN) Transfer Income & Social Networks

• Transfers received by 40% of Share people receiving transfer income households; 60% 52% • Received by more male headed hhs 50% 46% 42% 44% (73%) than female headed hhs 40% 36%

• 30% 25% Received by more hhs in 22% Iskushuban (77%) than in Bossaso 20% 10% • Membership to social network 0% groups is 66%

• Member to an average of 8-9 groups across the board JRS Puntland Baseline: ADAPTIVE CAPACITY (AC) Income Diversity

• Diversified income sources (median=3) with about half having Income Diversity more than 3 sources of income • Low diversification among IDPs 10% 8% and farming population (2-3 33% none 2 sources sources) but highest among 49% 3 to 4 sources pastoral, agro-past and fishing >4 sources • Income diversity one unit higher in Iskushuban (4) than in Bossasso Education & Literacy

• Less than 50% of the population have formal education of which 90% attained primary/ Koranic levels while only 10% have post primary education • Mean HH head education level: grade 3 • Literacy was defined as the ability to read and write 48% 49% 37% 47% 43% 39% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Education of HH Head/Average Education

15 An educated household is more likely to ensure member of his/her 10

household get formal education and 5 vice versa head. averageyears education of hhin

0 5 10 15 years of education head of hh

School Attendance • Slightly more male children attend school than females • Majority of children who do not attend school (27%) is due to lack of school fee Coping Strategies 25%

20%

15%

10%

0% JRS Puntland Baseline: SHOCKS Shocks

• About 62% of households have experienced at least one shock in the last 12 months • Fishing and pastoralists have experienced the highest no. of shocks (5-7) • More shocks experienced on average in Iskushuban (4) and Bossasso (3) • Shocks experienced are mostly weather related & inflation induced SUMMARY OF TYPICAL YEAR PROGRAMMING SUPPORT – BROAD RATIONALES PER LIVELIHOOD GROUP Gu - main rains Deyr rains Supporting Programmes Hagaa - dry season Jilaal - dry season Months April May June July August September October November December January February March Supporting HHs to make investments Strengthening HH's capacity to prepare for coming Protecting lives & livelihoods & safeguarding (or support HH Recovery if following a failed Deyr & Protecting livelihoods & safeguarding investments hardships development gains Pastoralists severe Jilaal) (or support HH Recovery if following a failed Gu)

Strengthening HH's capacity to Protecting lives & livelihoods & safeguarding development IDPs/Peri-urban prepare for coming hardships or gains Strengthening HH's capacity to prepare for coming hardships or for making investments for making investments

Support HHs to make investments Strengthening HH's capacity to prepare for coming Protecting lives & livelihoods & safeguarding (or support HH Recovery if following a failed Deyr & Protecting livelihoods & safeguarding investments hardships development gains Agro-pastoralists severe Jilaal) (or support HH Recovery if following a failed Gu)

Supporting HHs to make investments to prepare for difficult Hagaa Strengthening HH's capacity to prepare for coming Strengthening HH's capacity to prepare for coming (or support HH Recovery if following a failed Deyr & hardships through investments (or support HH Protecting livelihoods & safeguarding development hardships and make investments (or support HH Coastal severe Jilaal with limited income from fishing Recovery if fishing activities in the Deyr have only gains Recovery if following a difficult Hagaa) activities) provided limited income) For More Info

• For Puntland Baseline Report, Community Consultations and Seasonal Programming Consultations, visit www.resilienceinsomalia.org. • For more information on the JRS contact: Ruby Khan at FAO, Amit Singh at WFP and Sagal Ali/Marleen Renders at UNICEF.