KACHCHH MAP Beyond HERITAGE CONSIDERATIONS: BEFORE 1900 According to the “Heritage Grades” specified by the conservation boundaries committee of the Town Planning and Urban Development Act 1976, the precinct selected in this case has buildings that are Heritage Beyond Grade II structures. barriers DEFINITION: i) comprise of buildings and precincts of local or regional importance BHUJ Little Rann possessing special architectural or aesthetic merit or cultural, social or Lie some historical significance though of less significance than Grade I. extra- I)They are local landmarks and contribute to image and identity of region. ordinary Ii)They maybe works of master craftsmen, models of proportion and ornamentation or designed to suit particular climate. Styles OBJECTIVE: MAP Temperatures in Bhuj range from 11.7 to 39.45 degree celsius they require intelligent conservation Rainfall varies from 0.0 to 624.0mm/ month with the SCOPE FOR CHANGES: GUJARAT MAP Broken yet maximum rainfall in the months of June and July continuing i)Internal changes and adaptive reuse and external changes maybe till november enchanting allowed, subject to strict scrutiny with care taken of proper conservation. AERIAL VIEW OF BHUJ’S FORTIFIED CITY STREET NETWORKS ii)Building in the same plot or compound ,be allowed provided that the Stolen yet extension is in harmony with existing heritage building(s) or precincts AROUND1925 standing MAP SHOWING PROPOSED BHUJ HERITAGE WALK especially in terms of height and facade. THE HERITAGE WALK PATH AND ITS RELEVANCE:

Modified The Heritage Walk Designed For Bhuj By The Bhuj Authority Development Authority, Bhuj Heritage Society And Bhuj Nagarpalika In Accordance but still To The Heritage Walk Is An Enthusiastic Project That Intends To Bring Back The Lost Interst In The Heritage Of The Old Walled City. existing The Walk Commences From The Vaniawad Gate, Passing Through Almost All The Important Customized Houses Of A Golden Period Of Kutch History , To The Royal Complex Of Palaces And Ends At The Ramkund That Is Outside The Walled Area Of The City But Is Of Historical Relevance. Survived nature’s The walk is of particular interest to this project as it has a commencing point at the Patwadi gate and also the Naniba Paathshala and the Fateh wrath time Mohammed khordo both important structures in the working of the kutch dynasty. AERIAL VIEW 1999 STREET NETWORK 1999 The hamirsar lake is surrounded by the walled city on two sides and the Chhatedi lake on the other side. The fourth is linked by a recent and again yet development of the main Bhuj ring road which goes on to the Sharad baug. The major part covered by the walled city includes numerous masjids, Anticipating dargahs and temples which have claimed land near the lake and developed it accordingly to their needs and doings.

Considering these aspects only one part ,i.e. Near the Patwadi gate does there exist any chance of redeveloping the area as an institutional and 2010 cultural zone with the already existing heritage buildings.

PATWADI PRECINCT-BHUJ-GUJARAT-INDIA The historical precinct of Patwadi, is located in Bhuj city in the of Gujarat state(India). The Patwadi precinct as it is called lies in the north west center of the old walled city of Bhuj and is earmarkedCOPY for future development. The limits of the precinct considered in the study and design proposal are from the Patwadi gate to the AERIAL VIEW 2001 STREET NETWORK 2001 crossroads leading to the and to the Ashapura temple. The precinct includes 1)site for insertion: with an area of 2395 sq.mts

2) Fateh mohammed no khordo with no annexes remaining: total site area : 1000 sq. Mts and the main building including a ground coverage of 165sq.mts.

3)Naniba Sanskrut Pathshala: area of 250 sq. Mts and main building of ground coverage120sq.mts The Patwadi precinct is where the Maharao’s servants were supposed to live in the turn of the 19th century and is also considered to be the residence of other prominent people. The gate is supposed to be of great historical and social CURRENT BHUJ LIMITS AERIAL VIEW 2008 STREET NETWORK 2008 NOTimportance to the city. BEFORE/TILL 1500’S 1585-1623 1715-1729-1740 SKILLS- NAKSHI KAAM,MEENA KAAM, 1813-1860 Started documenting history through written Small lake d u g by shephe rd Ham i r for cattle Rao Khengarji I dies, Rao Bharmal takes over, Urban growth sp arked af t er a 100y r s a f t e r BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, HUNNAR KALA Bharmaji II’s five year reign witnessed growing works / photography,Increased number of and family signaling an end to the state’s relative Bhar mal by Maharao Go dji, who sponsore d ma nySHALA presence of the British exactly outside the city processions to keep people engaged in the royal independence from the Mughal sultanate, the city tow n devel opments in kutc h, succeeded by Rao Godji succeeded Lakhpatji but walls through friendly and negotiating terms of family 1945 ONWARDS limits were expanded westwards to accommodate Deshalji I who is cred i ted for ha vi ng built mainly destabilized the government, instigated wars Kutchi people got more involved with the the royal vegetable gardens and north bound to Bhuj, dev eloping agriculture, establishing a amongst Sindhis and kutch matters of the Indian state as they believed it inculcate the business brought in by immigrating central go v ernment syste m a nd pol itical ly 1778-1813 would bring them freedom from the British as vaniyas and sonis, economy thrived consolid at i ng all the bh ayadsi in the regio n, Like his predecessor Rao Raidhanji was equally well, plunging head straight into politics; build ing a nother w ater ta nk towar ds the eas t unsuccessful in handling the matters of the Indian independence in 1947 lead to then king 1740-1760 DO kutch state leading to his imprisonment, Maharao Vijayraji to give in to be part of India bringing prince Bharmal II still a child to throne, due to stagnant state of economy of kutch, hence Deshalji’s successor, MaharaoLakhpatji, patron appointed JAMADAR FATEH MOHAMMED by 1500-1585 for arts, cities institutional and architectural merging the kutch state with India and the Sindh the regency council to take over the affairs of the district with Pakistan Rao Khengarji I, buys the lake naming development, under his rule shipping state it Hamirsar, establishes it as central 1729-CITY’S OUTER FORTIFICATION BY handicrafts, p erforming arts, foreign trade THOUGH BRIGHT AND ASPIRING, A PLAGUE district of kutch state, builds royal DESHALJI I, EXTENSION OF WATER CHANNELS flourished; development of new kutchi style of THAT STRUCK IN 19813-1814, CLAIMED THE complex, digs lake boundaries further AND RESERVOIRS architecture JAMADAR AND RAIDHANJI, AFTER THE establishes first market-saraf bazar CHHATEDIS BUILT IN HIS HONOR AND LATER FOR ALL KINGS ADDITIONS WERE MADE JAMADAR DEVELOPED AND ESTABILISHED 1819 -Earthquake changed the route of the THE PATWADI GATE AND HIS HOUSE IN THE Sindh river cutting off Bhuj’s water supply 1860-1945 DIWAN AREA,WEST TO THE DARBARGARH 1844 -earthquake did less but add to the woes of By this time the British had an upper hand over the the already broken city making it dependent on matters of the state and Maharao Dehalji II tried the British ways of life and its terms, breaking hard to fight but was just a puppet working orders , any architectural history earlier to 1819 Pragmalji ii brought about development beyond city Giving the British a stronger hold over the kutch walls, built schools and hospitals especially state and opening the Mandvi port to their gain Praghmahal palace, INTRODUCTION WITH THE HISTORY Insertion in a historical precinct Studied by Swapna Kothari THE FATEH MOHAMMED NO KHORDO:

The khordo is an imposing two storey stone building which is a rare example of the Kachchhi baroque which characterized the mid-to-late 18th century architectural boom sponsored by Maharao Lakhpathi. The main building was constructed sometime in the early 19th century to house Jamadar Fateh Mohamed, a very distinguished soldier statesman of the region and SITE was flanked by two similarly styled structures of the same vintage till recently. In the early years after Kachchh’s union with India, it was used as the offices of the district collector. A wealth of ornamental detail summarizes all the features common to high style and vernacular Kachchhi architecture of the period, including ornamental jahrokhas, the characteristic Kachchhi door complete with gokhalas, projecting balconies on the roof, medallions and gargoyles, and fenestration with elaborate lintels and window surrounds. The building is reminiscent of the royal period of Mandvi, which has also barely survived. The Khordo’s interiors are of elaborately carved teakwood, and quaint doors and fenestration that are rare to see in today’s Bhuj. The jharokhas and upper elements have been partially destroyed in the 2001 earthquake and even to lack of care taken by authorities. GROUND, FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR HAMIRSAR LAKE First floor ornamentation and material indicates, usage of floor as semi private but for family, the southern rooms have niches 1 measuring 0.6 by 0.6 meters and a meter above the ground but not 2 much ornamentation except for the teakwood ceiling and beams

8 THE EXISTING BUILDINGS WITH THE SITE FOR INSERTION AND CONTEXT

THE NANIBA SANSKRUT PATHSHALA: 3 The Pathshala is a publicly administered building and is significant both in terms 5 of its history and its current status. A late 19th century one storey structure The second floor’s heavy made of red sandstone, the Naniba Sanskrut Pathshala was commissioned by Entrance through middle as it ornamentation and KhengarjIII’s queen, affectionately known as naniba, sometime in the late 19th century, and is an example of the use of high style Kachchhi architectural is the ordo of the building and 6 material indicates, usage of connects both south and north floor as private for the ornamentation without any reference to the British colonial. It is the first part, ground floor Jamadar, the southern COPYTHE PLAN successful example in Bhuj of complete restoration and adaptive use of a publicly administered building after the earthquake. ornamentation very less as it 4 rooms also have niches covered with decorative Prior to the earthquake, the building housed the offices of the Gujarat Institute is used by the servants for ELEVATION kitchen and toilets panels of Desert Ecology on its first floor; these moved their premises elsewhere after the building’s roof caved in and part of its first floor walls collapsed. The CONDITION ASSESSMENT REPORT: PHOTOS AND DETAILS OF KHORDO’S ELEMENTS(ABOVE): building was subsequently restored by the HUDCO, and now houses the regional pollution control board. THE SHRINE LOCATION DECAY/DEFECTS POSSIBLE CAUSE FOR DECAY PHOTOS CONSERVATION MEASURES SUGGESTED The condition of the entire building is an example of successful conserved BEHIND THE GATE restoration but is now in need of effective adaptive reuse as the entire *FLOORING Removal of some parts and replacement of structure is currently not in use. Interiors Slight Cracks and fissures Earthquake badly weathered parts Exteriors No flooring as such and in Earthquake and no intervention compound limits rubble from required authority and (Concrete flooring) ENTRANCE 1 3 strewn everywhere vandalism just after disaster *ARCHITECTURAL SECTION FEATURES Stable; not much damage Re-polishing of the teakwood; NOTreplacement THE PATWADI GATE: The Patwadi gate is supposed to have been built with the other five gates i) Columns except weathered Weather effects 1 with matching works of the city by Deshalji I when the city’s fortification happened in the early ii) Beams Breaking and widening Earthquake aftermath, age, Fill cracks and replace any teakwood with 1800’s and is located in the northwest. A structure for protection of the 1 of cracks, deterioration of Structural movements matching artistic work city, the gate was normally supposed to have been used mostly for festive 2 surfaces 2 3 occasions when flowers where brought through this gate to mark the GROUND FLOOR PLAN iii) Walls Consolidation ,Removal and resetting of beginning of the festival preparations. Interior Lime plaster peeling Deterioration of stone- bulged portions and decayed stones in parts The gate is perhaps of greater historical and social importance than its Exterior Cracks and opening of masonry wear and tear, age and Reapply plaster-after stone masonry set other four gates. Cremation grounds are located nearby, on the banks of joints earthquake 4 5 the Khari river. iv) Openings The Patwadi precinct is where the Maharao’s servants used to live in the Jarokhas Lime pieces fallen off ReplaceDO with identical pieces of same turn of the 19th century. The history of it’s construction is interesting. Windows Dull and wood missing at Vandalism after craftsmanship, material and design Desalji had decided to fortify the city in response to a threat from Entrance places earthquake 6 7 Ahmedabad’s Sultan, Jubo Kesar Khan, who had his eye on Kutch. It is said Doorways Missing at places the jagirdar of Dhirnodhar, Chir Shri Somnathji, visited Bhuj, and after v) Ceiling Microbiological growth, gaps Climatic variations Cleaning and consolidation wherever conuting the horoscopes, determined an auspicious time for the fort’s FIRST FLOOR PLAN 8 required, proper wiring construction. He decreed that a young man of excellent character be vi) Vertical sacrificed to ensure the projects completion, and so the king advertised f Circulation Broken treads and Earthquake structural or a Lohana, Brahmin or muslim, whose family would be richly Staircase to deteriorating wood movement and climatic wear Replacement of all structures with proper rewarded in exchange for his sacrifice roof and tear conditioned wood As prophesied by goddess Rudrani, a youth named Sheikh Laghasa Internal Staircase 2 offered his head in sacrifice after which work promptly began. Till date there exists the shrine built to commemorate him, marked by a vii) Roof Caved in, cracks Earthquake, structural dargah nearby. Replacement and rebuild part by part The 17th century Pateshwar Mahadev temple is located just 9 Beyond the gate. GROUND FLOOR PLAN KUTCHI BAROQUE DETAILS EXISTING BUILDINGS HISTORY Insertion in a historical precinct Studied by Swapna Kothari DESIGN ASPECTS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATIONS: ISSUES NOTICED AND TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION: THE LOCALS HAVE TAKEN UPON THEMSELVES TO BUILD UP -Technical Certain rules and building bye laws for Bhuj city have been developed after the 2001 ASSOCIATIONS LIKE THE KUTCH NAV The kutch district lies within a zone 2 that is earthquake. Taken into consideration was to transform the city into an urban district based NIRMAN ABHIYAN. KUTCH SANSKRITI earthquake prone and has already suffered two major on the modules of other cities of Gujarat like Ahmedabad and Vadodara. MANCH ALONG WITH NGO’S TO ones in 1819 and recently in 2001 and also plague has claimed many important lives in both1813 and 1814. But little consideration was given to the history of the place, the facts of the place at micro SEPARATELY PROPOSE CULTURAL Hence a major technical aspect taken in consideration level. REFORMS IN THE CITY. is that the building needs to be Earthquake proof or at least earthquake resistant. For example, the area’s beyond the Darbargarh in the walled city have not got much THE SADLY REMAIN WITHOUT Damage due to 2001 earthquake For which a frame structure policy is being attention in the terms of tourism and economic development. Though being of great SUCCESSORS AND REQUIRE YOUNG undertaken wherein all the loads will be transferred importance in the making of the city’s history and it’s limits, it hardly has any recognition TALENT IN BHUJ, ASPIRING STUDENTS through 0.230 mm thick concrete columns reinforced save a rusty old board hidden underneath bushes. FROM ARTS AND MANAGEMENT TO both at base and top with correct measures. Inside the Paatshala Another issue is the dying recognition and culture of arts that developed in the Kutchi BUILD THE ORGANIZATION INTO A Secondly all the stone walls will be itself reinforced with slab and lintel bands adding to the architectural backyard. Not only are they dying but also leaving the city for good. The communities are CREDITABLE AGENCY. language alongside strengthening the walls now settling for using their arts for their own purpose bringing them no monetary help, or individually in case of an earthquake. are trading it for today’s so called globalized goods. ALL THIS REQUIRES VISION AND Lastly all major junctions have been avoided, by DARING FROM THE NEXT GENERATION keeping the mass of the building as one simple plan Even street furniture ,though not generally required in old cities but missing due to the TO LEARN AND PREACH, OF CULTURAL thus limiting failure of structure due to various joints planning schemes applied, are not be seen anywhere and some streets especially the one’s ACTIVISTS WILLING TO SPARE THEIR also known as minimalist space planning. near the heritage buildings hardly have proper street lighting. CAREERS TO THE RECORDING AND Buildings which have fallen down but were once claimed historical properties have rubble EXHIBITION OF CULTURAL PRACTICES -Climatic strewn all over or have not been attended to or have been at some instances, insensitively THAT WOULD OTHERWISE RECEDE Passive and active cooling techniques have been applied in the terms of local stone usage. On built upon or around. WITHOUT SO MUCH AS A WHIMPER calculation of window percentage in local house the INTO THE BACKGROUND OF KACHCHH’S provided ones in the design as well as the one POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE PROGRAM AND FOR FURTHER USE IN HISTORY. replacing the old are stash box windows which affect PROJECTS OF SAME SCALE OR DETAILS: the heat gain and lost percentage and also the THUS FOR THE GROUP AND THE CITY, number and sizes along the facade of each wall. FOR CONSERVATION AND REUSE: THE PROGRAM REVOLVES AROUND PROVIDING FOR THE RESIDENTS, AND -Conservation- adaptive reuse 1) STUDY AND DOCUMENT EACH AND EVERY BUILDING PART BEFORE ANY DEMOLITION TOURISTS. The conserved reuse proposal includes the reviving and retrofitting of the khordo and the paatshala, OR CHANGES TO BE MADE TO THE STRUCTURE OR INTERIORS measures to be taken for the khordo are mentioned 2) CONSULTATION WITH PROPER AUTHORITY OR BODY FOR BETTER OPTIONS FOR TO RESTORE THE SELECTED in the following pages alongside details for some CONSERVATION OR EVEN SIMPLE RETROFITTING BUILDINGS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN retrofitting ideas for both too. 3) SYMPATHETICAL OUTLOOK TO BE TAKEN TOWARD HISTORICAL PRECINCTS THUS MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO IMPROVE A COLLECTING AND ARCHIVING ALL ITS HISTORY DILAPIDATED STREET BY MAKING The reuse proposal includes the attachment of SUBTLE CHANGES TO ITS functions of the Khordo with the new building, i.e FOR URBAN RENEWAL: ENVIRONMENT. providing for private quarters that would be used by SECONDLY A PROJECT OF SUCH SCALE the visiting faculties of the school of Bhuj arts. The COPY The annexes in ruin state floor plans are given in the following pages (but are 1) ROADS TO BE TAKEN INTO REPAIR AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT EVERY TWO YEARS WOULD MAKE EFFICIENT USE OF not provided to scale as to avoid misuse) indicating 2) RECREATIONAL SPACES TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION THUS MAKING AREAS PUBLIC UTILITIES , INCLUDING WATER the floor usage for an archival library to be used by GREEN WHENEVER AND WHEREVER POSSIBLE SUPPLY, PUBLIC SEWAGE, ELECTRICITY, historians and artisans visiting the school. 3) NEW CONSTRUCTION BESIDE ANY HISTORICAL PRECINCT SHOULD BE SCRUTINIZED ETCETRA SO THAT PUBLIC SERVICES For the Paatshala , as local tales have gone, though not WITH A MAGNIFYING GLASS, NOT ALLOWING ANY INSENSITIVE CONSTRUCTION TO ARE BUILT IN TANDEM WITH THE in much use by the royals after it being built, the HAPPEN RESTORATION PROJECTS AND NOT AS Insensitive construction beside the locals used to gather for Independence meetings and AN AFTERTHOUGHT. 4) BYE LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR BUILDINGS SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO CREATE AN Kalyaneshwar temple after that for a Sanskrit school, hence the ground floor ARCHITECTURE RELEVANT TO EARLIER BHUJ’S HISTORY revives the activity for coaching the local children a language that was once considered important- 5)SPEED BUMPS AND STREET FURNITURE SHOULD BECOME A NECESSITY AND BE AND LASTLY TO APPRECIATE THE Sanskrit. PLACED DURING EVERY SITE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS PATWADI’S HISTORICAL SETTING, The upper floor though combines a mixed use of 6)URBAN RENEWAL DONE IN RELATION TO PEOPLE’S ECONOMIC CONDITION AND KEPT BETTER STREET LIGHTING, PAVEMENT accommodating a high end boutique shops for IN TERMS WITH CONTEXT LOCALITY DESIGNED AESTHETICALLY TO products that have taken their time in being created. 7)LOCAL ART AND CULTURE TO BE PROMOTEDNOT ON VARIOUS PUBLIC PLACES INCLUDE STREET FURNITURE FOR THE The sweet water wells ELDERLY AND ACCESS FOR PEOPLE The maps in the following pages show the existence FOR INDIVIDUAL SITE’S AND BUILDINGS: WITH DIFFERENT ABILITIES. of annexes to the Khordo which after the earthquake Documentation of a bhuj house and vandalism do not exist at more than plinth level. done by the CRUTA, Ahmedabad and To respect the fact that at least the plinth level exist, a 1)PROGRAM BRIEFS SHOULD HAVE SOME LITTLE PART DEDICATED TO UPBRINGING THE EVEN BASIC ELEMENTS LIKE SIGNAGE below broken jarokha of the Khordo proposal for converting them in to an archaeological ECONOMY OF THE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY BOARDS TO READ INFORMATION FROM, division has been made, i.e. The plinth remaining 2)HOT AND HUMID CONDITIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHILE INFORMATIVE MAPS, PUBLIC TOILETS, buildings would be de-marked by railings from which BUILDING, DEVELOPING LOCAL TECHNIQUES OR TAKING OTHER DEVELOPED ONES TO WATER KIOSKS, CAFETERIAS FOR THE visitors can have a look at earlier remains. HELP BEAR IT LUNCH TIME TOURIST WOULD HELP The sweet water wells outside the compound of the 3)LOCAL MATERIAL TO BE EXPLOITED FURTHER ENHANCE OTHER LIKE WISE Khordo are to be restored and brought to full function 4)EARTHQUAKEDO RULES SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED AND FOLLOWED TO THE END PROJECTS. using fresh water from rains and the Hamirsar lake. 5)SITE DEBRIS TO BE TAKEN INTO STUDY AND SITE CLEARED THEN ONLY BUILT UPON The lake edge site will be treated as a recreation spot for the local and visiting people and be provided as a module for remaining edges to be developed similarly. A series of steps have been provided along with a The lake edge site on the left small open air theater for performances by the lake and for casual sitting in the evenings . A pathway has also been provided for walking enthusiasts all shaded by trees. The road between the lake sedge site and the Khordo is given a widened effect by giving a buffer of 2 mts. Flat landed shaded by date palm trees. Even a sense of bhuj architecture has been provide by two shade structures(gazebo).

ISSUES AND THEIR PROVIDED SOLUTION Insertion in a historical precinct Studied by Swapna Kothari