The ATLAS Experiment, the World's Largest-Volume Particle Physics
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Detection of Cosmic Rays at the LHC Detection of Cosmic Rays at the LHC
Particle and Astroparticle Physics at the Large Hadron Collider --Hadronic Interactions-- Albert De Roeck CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Antwerp University Belgium UC-Davis California USA NTU, Singapore November 15th 2019 Outline • Introduction on the LHC and LHC physics program • LHC results for Astroparticle physics • Measurements of event characteristics at 13 TeV • Forward measurements • Cosmic ray measurements • LHC and light ions? • Summary The LHC Machine and Experiments MoEDAL LHCf FASER totem CM energy → Run-1: (2010-2012) 7/8 TeV Run-2: (2015-2018) 13 TeV -> Now 8 experiments Run-2 starts proton-proton Run-2 finished 24/10/18 6:00am 2018 2010-2012: Run-1 at 7/8 TeV CM energy Collected ~ 27 fb-1 2015-2018: Run-2 at 13 TeV CM Energy Collected ~ 140 fb-1 2021-2023/24 : Run-3 Expect ⇨ 14 TeV CM Energy and ~ 200/300 fb-1 The LHC is also a Heavy Ion Collider ALICE Data taking during the HI run • All experiments take AA or pA data (except TOTEM) Expected for Run-3: in addition short pO and OO runs ⇨ pO certainly of interest for Cosmic Ray Physics Community! 4 10 years of LHC Operation • LHC: 7 TeV in March 2010 ->The highest energy in the lab! • LHC @ 13 TeV from 2015 onwards March 30 2010 …waiting.. • Most important highlight so far: …since 4:00 am The discovery of a Higgs boson • Many results on Standard Model process measurements, QCD and particle production, top-physics, b-physics, heavy ion physics, searches, Higgs physics • Waiting for the next discovery… -> Searches beyond the Standard Model 12:58 7 TeV collisions!!! New Physics Hunters -
Laboratori Nazionali Di Frascati
International Committee for Future Accelerators Sponsored by the Particles and Fields Commission of IUPAP Beam Dynamics Newsletter No. 51 Issue Editor: S. Chattopadhyay Editor in Chief: W. Chou April 2010 3 Contents 1 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................ 11 1.1 FROM THE CHAIRMAN ............................................................................................. 11 1.2 FROM THE EDITOR .................................................................................................. 12 2 INTERNATIONAL LINEAR COLLIDER (ILC) ............................................ 14 2.1 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL ACCELERATOR SCHOOL FOR LINEAR COLLIDERS ............... 14 3 THEME SECTION: ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE UK ................................................................................................................ 20 3.1 OVERVIEW – AN EMERGING PARADIGM OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES, NATIONAL FACILITIES AND INDUSTRY ............................................ 20 3.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 20 3.1.2 Mission of UK Accelerator Science and Technology .................................. 20 3.1.3 The Model: Integrated Accelerator Community and Stakeholders .............. 21 3.1.4 The Research Program Driven by Science ................................................... 21 3.1.4.1 Research Focus: Current .............................................................. -
Upgrade of the Global Muon Trigger for the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment at CERN”
DISSERTATION/DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation/Title of the Doctoral Thesis “Upgrade of the Global Muon Trigger for the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at CERN” verfasst von/submitted by Mag. Dinyar Sebastian Rabady angestrebter akademischer Grad/in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) Wien, im Jänner 2018/Vienna, in January 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt/ A 796 605 411 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt/ Physik field of study as it appears onthe student record sheet: Betreut von/Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Claudia-Elisabeth Wulz Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Phys. Dr. Eberhard Widmann Für meinen Großvater. Abstract The Large Hadron Collider is a large particle accelerator at the CERN research labo- ratory, designed to provide particle physics experiments with collisions at unprece- dented centre-of-mass energies. For its second running period both the number of colliding particles and their collision energy were increased. To cope with these more challenging conditions and maintain the excellent performance seen during the first running period, the Level-1 trigger of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment — a so- phisticated electronics system designed to filter events in real-time — was upgraded. This upgrade consisted of the complete replacement of the trigger electronics andafull redesign of the system’s architecture. While the calorimeter trigger path now follows a time-multiplexed processing model where the entire trigger data for a collision are received by a single processing board, the muon trigger path was split into regional track finding systems where each newly introduced track finder receives data from all three muon subdetectors for a certain geometric detector slice and reconstructs fully formed muon tracks from this. -
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F N E E R W M S I FERMILAB AU.S. DEPARTMENT OF E NERGY L ABORATORY Frascati 8 Photo by Judy Jackson Volume 22 INSIDE: Friday, December 3, 1999 Number 23 2 WhatÕs Next? f 6 Proviso West Career Day 12 The Doctor Is In 14 Talk of the Lab What’s Next by Sharon Butler ? Europe wants one. Japan wants one. The PHYSICISTS AT U.S. wants one, tooÑa 20-mile linear collider with an energy level in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 trillion electron volts and a luminosity of 1034sec-1cm-2, FERMILAB AND enough to probe the realm of the Higgs boson and the putative supersymmetric particles. ItÕs already been dubbed the Next Linear Collider. Prototype of a typical segment of the accelerator THROUGHOUT But, concedes Fermilab Director Mike Witherell, structure in a U.S. NLC. Òthe path to a decision to build a linear collider in THE WORLD ARE this country willÉbe a long and complicated one.Ó As the first order of business, he said: ÒThe U.S. particle physics community must be able to say that the NLC would be of CONTEMPLATING overwhelming scientific importance, of highest priority for the field and worth the investment for both construction and operation.Ó Reaching that level of commitment requires a solid understanding of the BUILDING A capabilities of such a machine, its cost and its physics promise. Which is, in part, the reason why Fermilab joined the U.S. NLC collaboration last summer. POWERFUL NEW ÒOf all the possibilities for future facilitiesÑan electron-positron linear collider, a muon storage ring, or a very large hadron colliderÑthe linear collider is the closest to having a proposal for a real machine on the table,Ó said Steve LINEAR COLLIDER Holmes, associate director for accelerators at Fermilab. -
The Very Forward CASTOR Calorimeter of the CMS Experiment
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN) CERN-EP-2020-180 2021/02/11 CMS-PRF-18-002 The very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment The CMS Collaboration* Abstract The physics motivation, detector design, triggers, calibration, alignment, simulation, and overall performance of the very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS exper- iment are reviewed. The CASTOR Cherenkov sampling calorimeter is located very close to the LHC beam line, at a radial distance of about 1 cm from the beam pipe, and at 14.4 m from the CMS interaction point, covering the pseudorapidity range of −6.6 < h < −5.2. It was designed to withstand high ambient radiation and strong magnetic fields. The performance of the detector in measurements of forward energy density, jets, and processes characterized by rapidity gaps, is reviewed using data collected in proton and nuclear collisions at the LHC. ”Published in the Journal of Instrumentation as doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/02/P02010.” arXiv:2011.01185v2 [physics.ins-det] 10 Feb 2021 © 2021 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. CC-BY-4.0 license *See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members Contents 1 Contents 1 Introduction . .1 2 Physics motivation . .3 2.1 Forward physics in proton-proton collisions . .3 2.2 Ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray air showers . .5 2.3 Proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions . .5 3 Detector design . .6 4 Triggers and operation . .9 5 Event reconstruction and calibration . 12 5.1 Noise and baseline . 13 5.2 Gain correction factors . 15 5.3 Channel-by-channel intercalibration . -
Upgrade of the Global Muon Trigger for the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment at CERN
DISSERTATION/DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation/Title of the Doctoral Thesis “Upgrade of the Global Muon Trigger for the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at CERN” verfasst von/submitted by Mag. Dinyar Sebastian Rabady angestrebter akademischer Grad/in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) CERN-THESIS-2018-033 25/04/2018 Wien, im Jänner 2018/Vienna, in January 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt/ A 796 605 411 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt/ Physik field of study as it appears onthe student record sheet: Betreut von/Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Claudia-Elisabeth Wulz Hon.-Prof. Dipl.-Phys. Dr. Eberhard Widmann Für meinen Großvater. Abstract The Large Hadron Collider is a large particle accelerator at the CERN research labo- ratory, designed to provide particle physics experiments with collisions at unprece- dented centre-of-mass energies. For its second running period both the number of colliding particles and their collision energy were increased. To cope with these more challenging conditions and maintain the excellent performance seen during the first running period, the Level-1 trigger of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment — a so- phisticated electronics system designed to filter events in real-time — was upgraded. This upgrade consisted of the complete replacement of the trigger electronics andafull redesign of the system’s architecture. While the calorimeter trigger path now follows a time-multiplexed processing model where the entire trigger data for a collision are received by a single processing board, the muon trigger path was split into regional track finding systems where each newly introduced track finder receives data from all three muon subdetectors for a certain geometric detector slice and reconstructs fully formed muon tracks from this. -
Jan/Feb 2015
I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 1 J ANUARY /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the January/February 2015 issue of CERN Courier. CMS and the The coming year at CERN will see the restart of the LHC for Run 2. As the meticulous preparations for running the machine at a new high energy near their end on all fronts, the LHC experiment collaborations continue LHC Run 1 legacy to glean as much new knowledge as possible from the Run 1 data. Other labs are also working towards a bright future, for example at TRIUMF in Canada, where a new flagship facility for research with rare isotopes is taking shape. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. TRIUMF TRIBUTE CERN & Canada’s new Emilio Picasso and research facility his enthusiasm SOCIETY EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN for rare isotopes for physics The thinking behind DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p26 p19 a new foundation p50 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 1 J AARYN U /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier January/February 2015 Contents 4 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Covering current developments in high-energy Which do you want to engage? physics and related fi elds worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affi liated with CERN, and to their personnel. -
Across the Ocean, Yet Close to Home by Katie Yurkewicz
Across the ocean, yet close to home By Katie Yurkewicz Among the 10,000 people from around the world who are working on the Large Hadron Collider, 1000 hail from universities and national labs in the United States. The Large Hadron Collider is the world’s next-generation and students from almost 60 nations. More than 1000 of particle accelerator. Arguably the most ambitious scien- these hail from 93 universities and national laboratories tific endeavor ever undertaken, the $8.7 billion project at in the United States. Researchers from US institutions have CERN, the European particle physics lab in Geneva, made vital contributions to all aspects of LHC construction, Switzerland, has been in the works for more than two and are now looking forward to the next phase, when they decades. When it begins operating in mid-2008, scien- will see collisions begin, watch data start flowing, and spend tists predict that its very-high-energy collisions will yield many a sleepless night searching for the tracks of particles extraordinary discoveries about the nature of the whose existence would transform our understanding of the physical universe. universe. The LHC project has two equally important aspects: the collider itself and its six particle detectors, each one a Putting the C in LHC self-contained experiment. The collider, nearing completion The heart of the LHC project is the collider itself, and the in a 27-kilometer ring deep below the Swiss-French border, heart of the collider is a series of thousands of super- will accelerate two beams of protons in opposite directions conducting magnets. -
The Totem and Atlas/Alfa Experiments a Word from the Director-General
Issue No. 38-39/2016 - Monday 19 September 2016 CERN Bulletin More articles at: http://bulletin.cern.ch DE-SQUEEZE THE BEAMS: THE TOTEM AND ATLAS/ALFA EXPERIMENTS A WORD FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL A special week-long proton–proton run with larger beam sizes at the interaction point is THERE’S MORE TO PARTICLE PHYSICS AT CERN intended to probe the p-p elastic scattering regime at small angles. THAN COLLIDERS CERN’s scientific programme must be compelling, unique, diverse, and integrated into the global landscape of particle physics. One of the Laboratory’s primary goals is to provide a diverse range of excellent physics opportunities and to put its unique facilities to optimum use, maximising the scientific return. (Continued on page 2) In this issue Nicola Turini, deputy spokesperson for TOTEM, in front of one of the experiment’s ‘Roman Pot’ detectors in the LHC tunnel. (Photo: Maximilien Brice/CERN) NEWS Usually, the motto of the LHC is “maximum beams are, and the more parallel the beams are De-squeeze the beams: the luminosity”. But for a few days per year, the LHC when they arrive at the interaction point. For TOTEM and ATLAS/ALFA experiments 1 ignores its motto to run at very low luminosity this special run, the beta-star had to be raised There’s more to particle physics for the forward experiments. This week, the to 2.5 km (whereas in normal runs it is as small at CERN than colliders 1 LHC will provide the TOTEM and ATLAS/ALFA as 0.4 m). -
Subnuclear Physics: Past, Present and Future
the Pontifical academy of ScienceS International Symposium on Subnuclear Physics: Past, Present and Future 30 Octobe r- 2 November 2011 • Casina Pio IV Introduction p . 3 Programme p. 4 List of Participants p. 8 Biographies of Participants p. 11 Memorandum p. 20 em ad ia c S a c i e a n i t c i i a f i r t V n m o P VatICaN CIty 2011 H.H. Benedict XVI in the garden of the Basilica di Santa Maria degli angeli e dei Martiri with the statue of “Galilei Divine Man” donated to the Basilica by CCaSt of Beijing. he great Galileo said that God wrote the book of nature in the form of the language of mathematics. He was convinced that God has given us two tbooks: the book of Sacred Scripture and the book of nature. and the lan - guage of nature – this was his conviction – is mathematics, so it is a language of God, a language of the Creator. Encounter of His Holiness Benedict XVI with the Youth , St Peter’s Square, thursday, 6 april 2006. n the last century, man certainly made more progress – if not always in his knowledge of himself and of God, then certainly in his knowledge of the macro- Iand microcosms – than in the entire previous history of humanity. ... Scientists do not create the world; they learn about it and attempt to imitate it, following the laws and intelligibility that nature manifests to us. the scientist’s experience as a human being is therefore that of perceiving a constant, a law, a logos that he has not created but that he has instead observed: in fact, it leads us to admit the existence of an all-powerful Reason, which is other than that of man, and which sustains the world. -
Particel Physiks 2009
ª 2009 particle physics physics Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association particle 2009ª The Helmholtz Association contributes to solving approximately 3 billion euros, the Helmholtz major challenges facing society, science and Association is Germany’s largest scientific Highlights industry with top scientific achievements in six organisation. Its work follows in the tradition of research areas: Energy, Earth and Environment, the great natural scientist Hermann von Helm- and Annual Report Health, Key Technologies, Structure of Matter, holtz (1821-1894). Transport and Space. With 30 000 employees in 16 research centres and an annual budget of www.helmholtz.de Accelerators | Photon Science | Particle Physics Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association Imprint publishing and contact: editing: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Manfred Fleischer, Matthias Kasemann A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association layout: Heike Becker, Britta Liebaug Hamburg location: Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany printing: Heigener Europrint GmbH, Hamburg Tel.: +49 40 8998-0, Fax: +49 40 8998-3282 [email protected] copy deadline: 30 April 2010 Zeuthen location: Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany editorial Note: Tel.: +49 33762 7-70, Fax: +49 33762 7-7413 The authors of the individual scientific contributions published [email protected] in this report are fully responsible for the contents. www.desy.de ISBN 978-3-935702-45-4 Cover Reproduction including extracts is permitted subject to crediting the source. Computer simulation of the decay of a Higgs particle in a high-energy physics detector. This report is neither for sale nor may be resold. particle physics 2009ª Highlights and Annual Report 2 | Contents contentsª º introduction 4 º News and events 9 º research topics 23 º committees and references 99 Contents | 3 the year 2009 at Desyª Chairman’s foreword The year 2009 marks not only the 50th anniversary of DESY but also the year 2 after the shutdown of HERA. -
Study of Diffraction with the ATLAS Detector at The
Th`esede doctorat de l’Universit´eParis 11 et de l’Institut de Physique Nucléaire de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences sp´ecialit´e Champs, Particules, Mati`ere pr´esent´eepar Rafa lSTASZEWSKI pour obtenir les grades de docteur de l’Universit´eParis 11 et de l’Institut de Physique Nucléaire de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences Study of Diffraction with the ATLAS detector at the LHC Th`esesoutenu le 24 Septembre 2012 devant le jury compos´ede: Etienne AUGE(´ pr´esident) Marco BRUSCHI (rapporteur) Janusz CHWASTOWSKI (directeur de th`ese) Alan MARTIN (rapporteur) Christophe ROYON (directeur de th`ese) Robi PESCHANSKI Antoni SZCZUREK Th`esepr´epar´ee au Service de Physique des Particules du CEA de Saclay et `al’Institut de Physique Nucléaire de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences de Cracovie The thesis is devoted to the study of diffractive physics with the ATLAS de- tector at the LHC. After a short introduction to diffractive physics including soft and hard diffraction, we discuss diffractive exclusive production at the LHC which is particularly interesting for Higgs and jet production. The QCD mechanism de- scribed by the Khoze Martin Ryskin and the CHIDe models are elucidated in detail. The uncertainties on these models are still large and a new possible exclusive jet measurement at the LHC will allow to reduce the uncertainty on diffarctive Higgs boson production to a factor 2 to 3. An additional measurement of exclusive pion production pp → pπ+π−p allows to constrain further exclusive model relying on the use of the ALFA stations, which are used in the ATLAS Experiment for detection of protons scattered in elastic and diffractive interactions.