A Study of Voltage Regulation and Islanding Associated with Distributed Generation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Real Distribution Network Voltage Regulation Incorporating Auto-Tap-Changer Pole Transformer Multiobjective Optimization
applied sciences Article A Real Distribution Network Voltage Regulation Incorporating Auto-Tap-Changer Pole Transformer Multiobjective Optimization Sayed Mir Shah Danish 1,* , Ryuto Shigenobu 2, Mitsunaga Kinjo 1, Paras Mandal 3 , Narayanan Krishna 4, Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida 5 and Tomonobu Senjyu 1 1 Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru Nishihara-cho, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA 4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 June 2019; Accepted: 11 July 2019; Published: 14 July 2019 Abstract: A number of studies realized operation of power systems are unstable in developing countries due to misconfiguration of distribution systems, limited power transfer capability, inconsistency of renewable resources integration, paucity of control and protection measures, timeworn technologies, and disproportionately topology. This study underlines an Afghanistan case study with 40% power losses that is mainly pertinent from old distribution systems. The long length of distribution systems, low-power transfer capability, insufficient control and protection strategy, peak-demand elimination, and unstable operation (low energy quality and excessive voltage deviations) are perceived pre-eminent challenges of Afghanistan distribution systems. Some attainable solutions that fit challenges are remodeling (network reduction), networks reinforcement, optimum compensation strategy, reconfiguration options, improving, and transfer capability. -
Local Voltage Support by Distributed Generation
Do It Locally: Local Voltage Support by Distributed Generation – A Management Summary Management Summary of IEA Task 14 Subtask 2 – Recommendations Based on Research and Field Experience Report IEA-PVPS T14-08:2017 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME Do It Locally: Local Voltage Support by Distributed Generation – A Management Summary Management Summary of IEA Task 14 Subtask 2 – Recommendations Based on Research and Field Experience IEA PVPS Task 14, Subtask 2, Activity 2.8 IEA-PVPS T14-08:2017 January 2017 Authors: M. Kraiczy1, [email protected] L. Al Fakhri1, [email protected] T. Stetz2, [email protected] M. Braun1,3, [email protected] 1 Fraunhofer IWES, Germany 2 TH Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Germany 3 University of Kassel, Germany Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ ii Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... iii Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................... iv Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................ vi 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. -
Using Protective Relays for Microgrid Controls
Using Protective Relays for Microgrid Controls William Edwards and Scott Manson, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Abstract—This paper explains how microprocessor-based Distributed microgrid controls being performed in protective relays are used to provide both control and protection protective relays is practical because smaller microgrids require functions for small microgrids. Features described in the paper less complicated controls, fewer features, less communication, include automatic islanding, reconnection to the electric power system, dispatch of distributed generation, compliance to IEEE and less data storage. In smaller microgrids, relays are specifications, load shedding, volt/VAR control, and frequency commonly utilized for control, metering, and protection and power control at the point of interface. functions. In larger microgrids, the functionality of the microgrid controls is predominantly performed in one or more I. INTRODUCTION centralized controllers. Protective relays in larger microgrids This paper elaborates on the most common forms of tend to only be used as metering and protection devices with microgrid control accomplished in modern protective relays for controls being performed in a central device. Centralized grids with less than 10 MW of generation. The control controls dominate in large grids because distributed controls strategies described include islanding, load and generation become impractical to maintain, develop, and test when the shedding, reconnection, dispatch, and load sharing. number of distributed relays grows into the hundreds or Multifunction protective relays are an economical choice for thousands. microgrid controls because the hardware is commonly required at the point of interface (POI) to the electric power system III. ISLANDING (EPS) and at each distributed energy resource (DER). The This section describes the automatic islanding functionality relays at the POI and DER provide mandatory protection and required at the POI between a microgrid and the EPS. -
Utility-Of-The-Future-Full-Report.Pdf
UTILITY OF THE FUTURE An MIT Energy Initiative response to an industry in transition In collaboration with IIT-Comillas Full report can be found at: energy.mit.edu/uof Copyright © 2016 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. Incorporated in the cover art is an image of a voltage tower. © iStock and an aerial view of buildings © Shutterstock ISBN (978-0-692-80824-5) UTILITY OF THE FUTURE An MIT Energy Initiative response to an industry in transition December 2016 Study Participants Principal Investigators IGNACIO PÉREZ-ARRIAGA CHRISTOPHER KNITTEL Professor, Electrical Engineering, Institute for Research George P. Shultz Professor of Applied Economics, in Technology, Comillas Pontifical University Sloan School of Management, MIT Visiting Professor, MIT Energy Initiative Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, MIT Project Directors RAANAN MILLER RICHARD TABORS Executive Director, Utility of the Future Study, Visiting Scholar, MIT Energy Initiative MIT Energy Initiative Research Team ASHWINI BHARATKUMAR MAX LUKE PhD Student, Institute for Data, Systems, SM, Technology and Policy Program (’16), MIT and Society, MIT RAANAN MILLER MICHAEL BIRK Executive Director, Utility of the Future Study, SM, Technology and Policy Program (’16), MIT MIT Energy Initiative SCOTT BURGER PABLO RODILLA PhD Student, Institute for Data, Systems, Research Scientist, Institute for Research in Technology, and Society, MIT Comillas Pontifical University JOSÉ PABLO CHAVES RICHARD TABORS Research Scientist, Institute for Research -
US5357419.Pdf
||||||||||||||| USOO5357419A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,357,419 Limpaecher 45 Date of Patent: Oct. 18, 1994 (54) COMPACT AND EFFICIENT -Pressure Glow-Discharge Lasers', University of Na TRANSFORMERLESS POWER tal, Dec. 1980, Ph.D. Thesis, pp. 90-99, 176-178. CONVERSION SYSTEM Skeist et al., “Recent Advances in High Power, High 75 Inventor: Rudolf Limpaecher, Topsfield, Mass. Voltage Technology', The Power Sources Conference, Dec. 1984. 73) Assignee: D.C. Transformation Inc., Rowley, Malesani et al., “Active Power Filter with Hybrid En Mass. ergy Storage", IEEE, vol. 6, No. 3, Jul. 1991, pp. (21) Appl. No.: 121,693 392-397. 22 Filed: Sep. 15, 1993 Bellar et al., “Analysis of the Dynamic and Steady-S- tate Performance of Cockcroft-Walton Cascade Recti Related U.S. Application Data fiers", IEEE, vol. 7, No. 3, Jul. 1992, pp. 526-534. Joos et al., “Performance Analysis of a PWM Inverter 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 864,031, Apr. 6, 1992, Pat. VAR Compensator", IEEE, vol. 6, No. 3, Jul. 1991, pp. No. 5,270,913. 380-391. 51) Int. Cl. ........................ H02M 3/07; HO2M 7/04 Klaassens et al., "Three-Phase AC-to-AC 52 U.S. Cl. ...................................... 363/140; 363/60; Series-Resonant Power Converter with a Reduced 363/62; 307/109; 307/110 Number of Thyristors' IEEE, vol. 6, No. 3, Jul. 1991, 58 Field of Search .................... 307/109, 110; 320/1; pp. 346-355. 363/59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 140 Wernekinck et al., “A High Frequency AC/DC Con 56) References Cited verter with Unity Power Factor and Minimum Har monic Distortion”, IEEE, vol. -
Review of the Islanding Phenomenon Problem for Connection of Renewable Energy Systems
Review of the Islanding Phenomenon Problem for Connection of Renewable Energy Systems Hèctor Beltran, Francisco Gimeno, Salvador Seguí-Chilet and Jose M. Torrelo Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Av. Juan de la Cierva, 24 - Parc Tecnològic 46980 Paterna, València (Spain) Phone/Fax number: 0034 961366670/961366680 e-mail: {Hector.Beltran; fjose.gimeno; salvador.segui; [email protected]} Abstract. As distributed generators increase their problem, known as islanding operation, is to be avoided importance on the electric power system, more and more since it could involve important and serious parameters have to be controlled in order to assure the proper consequences. From the EPS side, security measures operation of the utility. One of the main problems encountered have to be adopted in order to ensure the safety of the with this kind of generation is the potential formation of islands personnel working on the utility and to guarantee the which could keep working in a normal way even if the utility reliability of the utility grid. grid has failed. Many methods have been developed to prevent this situation and they have been classified into three groups: passive, active and methods based on communication systems. This paper checks the validity of some of the active and passive anti-islanding methods. Some of them are shown to work properly with any kind of utility and local loads in the potential island. On the other hand, some others would not disconnect the power generator when the total power of the local load fits that of the generator. Key Words Anti-islanding methods, renewable energies, dispersed generation, grid-tied inverters. -
Smart Distributed Generation Systems Using Improved Islanding Detection and Event Classification
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2015 Smart Distributed Generation Systems Using Improved Islanding Detection and Event Classification Bikiran Guha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Part of the Power and Energy Commons Recommended Citation Guha, Bikiran, "Smart Distributed Generation Systems Using Improved Islanding Detection and Event Classification" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1262. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1262 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SMART DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS USING IMPROVED ISLANDING DETECTION AND EVENT CLASSIFICATION by BIKIRAN GUHA (Under the Direction of Rami Haddad) ABSTRACT Distributed Generation (DG) sources have become an integral part of modern decentral- ized power systems. However, the interconnection of DG systems to the power grid can present several operational challenges. One such major challenge is islanding detection. Islanding occurs when a DG system is disconnected from the rest of the power grid. Islanding can present serious safety hazards and therefore an accurate and fast islanding detection technique is mandated by DG interconnection standards such as IEEE 1547 and UL 1741. Conventional islanding detection tech- niques passively monitor the local power system parameters such as voltage and frequency to detect islanding. These techniques have large non-detection zones and are prone to nuisance tripping. -
Prevention of Unintentional Islands in Power Systems with Distributed
Power Systems Engineering Center Prevention of Unintentional Islands in Power Systems with Distributed Resources Ben Kroposki National Renewable Energy Laboratory Webinar - August 24, 2016 NREL/PR-5D00-67185 A seminar with audio is posted at NREL’s YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xjprcbFK3Q Presentation Outline • Types of islands in power systems with DR • Issues with unintentional islands • Methods of protecting against unintentional islands • Standard testing for unintentional islanding • Advanced testing of inverters for anti-islanding functionality • Probability of unintentional islanding • The future of anti-islanding protection • References 2 Terms • Area EPS – Area Electric Power System • Local EPS – Local Electric Power System • PCC – Point of Common Coupling • DR – Distributed Resource (e.g. distributed generation (DG), distributed energy resource (DER)) • DER – Distributed Energy Resource (The IEEE 1547 Working Group voted and decided to change DR to DER in the next version. DER will NOT include Demand Response as it does in some countries) • Anti-islanding (non-islanding protection) – The use of relays or controls to prevent the continued existence of an unintentional island 3 Island Definition Island: A condition in which 115kV a portion of an Area EPS is energized solely by one or 13.2kV more Local EPSs through the associated PCCs while that portion of the Area EPS is electrically separated from [1] Adjacent the rest of the Area EPS. Feeder • Intentional (Planned) Island forms • Unintentional when breaker (unplanned) opens DR 4 Intentional Islands (Microgrids) Distributed Open for a Generation Utility DG Load Microgrid Distribution Feeder from Substation Microgrid Microgrid Open for a Switch Switch Facility Microgrid Possible Control Systems DG DS Load Load Distributed Distributed Generation Storage Source: Making microgrids work [2] IEEE 1547.4 is a guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Intentional Islands [3] (e.g. -
Comparison of Voltage Regulation Between SST and Conventional Transformers in High Penetration PV Power Systems
Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Summer 2017 Comparison of voltage regulation between SST and conventional transformers in high penetration PV power systems Gautham Ashokkumar Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Ashokkumar, Gautham, "Comparison of voltage regulation between SST and conventional transformers in high penetration PV power systems" (2017). Masters Theses. 7680. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7680 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMPARISON OF VOLTAGE REGULATION BETWEEN SST AND CONVENTIONAL TRANSFORMERS IN HIGH PENETRATION PV POWER SYSTEMS by GAUTHAM ASHOKKUMAR A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2017 Approved by Dr. Mariesa L. Crow, Advisor Dr. Mehdi Ferdowsi Dr. Pourya Shamsi iii ABSTRACT Solid state transformers (SST) are power electronic transformers combined with high-frequency conventional transformers and control circuitry capable of delivering high performance and flexible power control capabilities. This thesis focuses on analyzing the performance of SSTs in a distribution system with photovoltaic (PV) injection. In order to validate the performance of SSTs, average value models are used on the IEEE 34 bus distribution feeder network scaled to 12.47 kV. -
Design of Electrical Power Systems for Nuclear Power Plants
GUIDE NO. AERB/NPP/SG/D-11 (Rev.1) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AERB SAFETY GUIDE DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD AERB SAFETY GUIDE NO. AERB/NPP/SG/D-11 (Rev.1) DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Atomic Energy Regulatory Board Mumbai-400094 India July 2020 Price Orders for this guide should be addressed to: Chief Administrative Officer Atomic Energy Regulatory Board Niyamak Bhavan Anushaktinagar Mumbai-400094 India SPECIAL DEFINITIONS (Specific for the Guide) Alternate Power Sources 1 Alternate on-site (e.g. Standby AC power sources / Main generators of other units at multi-unit site) or off-site (e.g. hydro/gas based power station) power sources which can be used to supply power to emergency electric power supply buses. These power supply sources are not part of the electrical power supply system of the NPP. DEC Power Source Power Source reserved for supplying power to the plant when there is total loss of power in all the emergency electric power supply systems during station blackout and also during other design extension conditions (DECs). Electrical Grid The part of electrical power system used for evacuation of power generated in NPP and receiving off-site power. Electrical Protection System A part of electrical system that protects an equipment or system. This encompasses all those electrical, electronic, mechanical, thermal, pneumatic devices and circuitry right from and including sensors, which generate a signal for protection. Electrical Separation Means for preventing one electric circuit from influencing another through electrical phenomena. Emergency Electric Power System (EEPS) That portion of electrical power system provided for supplying electric power to safety-related and safety systems of an NPP during its operational states as well as during accident conditions. -
Fundamentals of Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation in Power Systems
Fundamentals of Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation in Power Systems Course No: E03-011 Credit: 3 PDH Boris Shvartsberg, Ph.D., P.E., P.M.P. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 22 Stonewall Court Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 P: (877) 322-5800 [email protected] FUNDAMENTALS OF REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE REGULATION IN POWER SYSTEMS Boris Shvartsberg, Ph.D., P.E., P.M.P. © 2011 Boris Shvartsberg Introduction One of the main goals that every electrical utility company has is transportation of electrical energy from generating station to the customer, meeting the following main criteria: • High reliability of power supply • Low energy cost • High quality of energy (required voltage level, frequency etc.) This course is concentrated on accomplishing the 2nd and 3rd goals through regulation of reactive power and voltage. Reliability of power supply is a subject of a different course. To better understand why the regulation of reactive power and voltage makes power systems more efficient, let’s start with discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. Power System Structure The typical power system structure is shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1 - Power System Structure and Main Components Where the numerical symbols represent the following components: (1) Generator (2) Generating station’s step-up transformer substation (3) Extra high voltage step-down transformer substation (4) High voltage step-down transformer substation (5) Distribution substation (6) Distribution Transformer (7) Transmission and Distribution -
Secondary Voltage Regulation Based on Average Voltage Control
TecnoLógicas ISSN: 0123-7799 ISSN: 2256-5337 [email protected] Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano Colombia Secondary voltage regulation based on average voltage control Lopera-Mazo, Edwin H.; Espinosa, Jairo Secondary voltage regulation based on average voltage control TecnoLógicas, vol. 21, no. 42, 2018 Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Colombia Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=344255453005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.779 Los artículos publicados por la revista TecnoLógicas son obras literarias y científicas protegidas por las leyes de Derecho de Autor. Con la firma de la Declaración de Originalidad, así como con la entrega de la obra para su consideración o posible publicación, los autor autorizan de forma gratuita, al INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO METROPOLITANO –ITM- para la publicación, reproducción, comunicación, distribución y transformación de la obra e igualmente declaran bajo la gravedad del juramento que la obra es original e inédita de exclusiva autoría de los remitentes. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Edwin H. Lopera-Mazo, et al. Secondary voltage regulation based on average voltage control Artículos de investigación Secondary voltage regulation based on average voltage control Regulación secundaria de voltaje basada en el control del voltaje promedio Edwin H. Lopera-Mazo DOI: https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.779 Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Colombia Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa? [email protected] id=344255453005 Jairo Espinosa Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia [email protected] Received: 05 February 2018 Accepted: 20 April 2018 Abstract: is paper compares a conventional Secondary Voltage Regulation (SVR) scheme based on pilot nodes with a proposed SVR that takes into account average voltages of control zones.