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Cambridge University Press 0521801818 - The Early Neolithic in Greece: The First Farming Communities in Europe - Catherine Perles Index More information INDEX abandonment, of EN sites, 148–50 Allen, H., 15, 23, 25 Abu Gosh, 44 alliances, see relations between groups Abu Hureyra, 52, 178, 299 alluvation, Aceramic Neolithic, 39, ch. 5, passim, 155; alluvial deposits, 10, 23, 59–60, 116, 119, at Achilleion, 39, 64–5, 70–1, 90; at 123–4, 128–30, 149; fans, 23, 122, 125, Argissa, 66, 70, 81–2, 90, 287; at 130; plains and basins, 18–19, 25, 38, 44, Franchthi, 71, 82–4, 92–3; at Knossos 64, 116, 118, 123, 151, 164, 198, 229, 243; 66, 68, 80, 90, 155; at Secklo, 69–70, 73, soils, 119; see also Ayia Sofia, Gyrtoni and 76–9, 81, 88, 90, 92; at Soufli Magoula, Mikrolithos formations 69, 77–8, 80 Alonyssos, 61 Acheron, 20 Alram-Stern, E., 8 Achilleion, altars, 269, 295 14C dates, 100–5, 109–10; architectural America, 152, 285, 287, 295 remains, ch. 9, passim; chipped stone Ames, K., 285, 297, 295 tools, 201–2, 207; figurines, 260, 262, 264, Ammerman, A., 22, 38–9, 52, 58, 132, 151 266; ornaments, 221, 288; plants and Amouretti, M.-C., 165 fauna, 155–61, 163, 167–71; aceramic, 39, Anastassiades, P., 14 64–5, 70–1, 90; pottery, 111, 210–11, Anatolia, 25, 52, 54, 58–62, 172, 178, 209, 265, 214–7; stone vessels, 221–2, 286; other 267, 304 artefacts, 223, 231, 237, 239, 242, 247, analogies with, 54; architecture, 180, 197; 250, 267–9, 285, 288–9, 296 artefacts, 44, 54, 95, 233, 236, 239, 246, adaptation, 249, 252–3; neolithization 58; Mesolithic, of plants and animals, 13–14, 63, 118, 304; of 36; sanctuaries, 271 socioeconomic system, 303; pre- ancestors, relations to, 280–1, 303; adaptation to farming, 39 representations of, 256–7, 264 Adovasio, J., 243 Anderson, P., 191, 205, 246 Adriatic coast, 49, 207, 303–4 andesite, see rocks Aegean islands, 12, 14, 17–18, 60–1, 165, 207 Andreou, S., 8, 22, 60, 65–6 Aegean Sea, 12–13, 17–18, 60–1, 207 Angel, L., 34, 172, 178 affinities antlers, antler artefacts, 34, 43, 194, 236, 237, of the Greek Mesolithic, 31, 34–5; of the 239 Greek Neolithic, 52–6, 60, 197, 304 apprenticeship, 208–9 Africa, 135, 216–8, 229, 246, 249, 251, 257, Arapi, phase, 99 262, 285, 295 arboreal cover, 14–16, 28 Agora of Athens, 263 architecture, architectural remains and agriculture, techniques, as economic basis, 19, 40, 47–8, 73, 152, Mesolithic, 30; Initial Neolithic, 63, 73, 154–62, 290–1; adoption and development, 76–78; Early Neolithic, ch. 9 passim; 36, 40–1; agricultural lands and soils, 10, benches, 186, 191, 194–5, 197, 250; 19, 119, 140, 143; floodwater farming, 122, buttresses, 54, 188, 197, 271; mudbricks, 165; harvests, 145, 205, 292; manure, 54, 68, 174, 184–5, 188–90, 197; plaster, 145–65; maslins, 165; techniques, 13, 155, plastered floors, 54, 95, 175, 191, 194, 162, 164–6; territory, 130, 138, 147, 165–6; 196–7; post-houses, 184, 188–9; roofs, 186, yields, 165 see also fields 191; wattle-and-daub, 77, 174, 194–6, Ain Ghazal, 178 188–9, 197–8; see also houses Akkermans, P., 251 Arcondaria, 113 Albania, 217 Argissa, Ali Kosh, 52 14C dates, 86–91, 100–6, 108; ‘preceramic’, Aliakhmon, 60 ch. 5, passim; Early Neolithic, © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521801818 - The Early Neolithic in Greece: The First Farming Communities in Europe - Catherine Perles Index More information Index 345 architecture, 184–5, 188–93; bone tools, bilingualism, 43 239, 251; burial, 273, 277; ceramic Binder, D., 85, 153, 176 phasing, 111; domesticates, 41, 156–61, Binford, L., 152 163; earstuds, 285; figurines, 260; Bintliff, J., 9, 16, 24, 108, 116, 118–19, 128, millstones, 242; stone tools, 78, 89, 202; 135, 145, 150, 165, 175 stamps, 252 birds, 17, 171, 229 Argive plain, 119 Bisel, S., 172 Argolid, 14, 20, 23–25, 40, 44–5, 50, 66, 71, Björk, Cl., 152, 163–4, 166, 210–19, 250, 284, 118–19, 151, 288 301 Arnold, D., 285 bladelets, 31, 43, 49, 201–2, 206 Arnold, J., 285 blades, 18, 21, 31, 43, 47, 78, 201–5, 208, 271, arrowheads, see projectile points 284, 295–6; see also pressure flaking Asea, 118 Blegen, C., 246, 273, 276, 280 Asfaka, 116 Bloedow, E., XIV, 65–6, 68–70, 80–1, 84–5, 88, Asmaki, 125, 150 95 Aspinall, A., 60 boats, 36, 207 Asprochaliko, 28 bobbins, see weaving Assiros, 165 Bocquet, A., 247, 251 Assouad, 95 Boeotia, 14–16, 24, 66, 112, 116, 118, 128, 145, Astakos, 208 219, 295 Astruc, L., 205 Boessneck, J., 41–2, 66, 70, 76, 167–8 Attica, 14, 20, 44, 66, 112, 116, 176, 184 Bogucki, P., 38, 170, 295 Auda, Y., 137–9 Bohannan, P., 294 Augereau, A., 51 Boila, 24 Aurenche, O., 52, 188 Bökönyi, S., 17, 41–2, 167, 169–71 axes, see polished-stone tools Bolger, P., 256 Ayia Sofia, soil and aluvium, 123–5, 140 bone scatters, 24, 274, 277, 280 Ayios Georgios Larisas 1, 221 bone pendants, 221 Ayios Georgios Larisas 2, 288 bone tools, Ayios Nikolaos, 116, 208 Mesolithic, 34; Initial Neolithic, 43, 49, Ayios Petros, 99, 229, 231 54–5, 68, 70, 72, 78; Early Neolithic, 43, 193–4, 200, 205, 227–8, 232–40, 242, Bailey, D., 256 246, 252; awls, 78, 238, 239, 252; Bailey, G., 24–5 burnishers, 238–40; chisels, 78, 188, Balkan-Atli, N., 25, 54, 178, 188, 233 238–9; gouges, 188, 239; hooks, 52–4, Balkans, 66, 70, 72, 78, 239; needles, 238–9, 242, affinities with, 60, 303; climate, 304; 246; spatulas, 78, 238–9, 252; spoons, figurines, 255–7; funerary customs, 273, 54, 239 276, 281; hearths, 197; influences, 293; Bordaz, J., 95 Mesolithic occupation, 25; Neolithic, 175; bos, bovids, see faunal remains origins of Neolithic, 35, 303–4; phasing, Bostyn, F., 72 99, 110, 174; pottery, 217–18, 303; Bottema, S., 13–6, 25, 28, 130, 152 settlements, 144, 174–5; small artefacts, Bouqras, 52, 91 228, 251–3, 255 bow, 229; see also projectile points Bar-Yosef, O., 175, 178, 299 Bower, B., 248 Barber, E., 247–50 Braidwood, R., 152, 188, 197 Barker, G., 38, 41, 121, 165 Bravard, J.-P., 150 barley, see plants Bridault, A., 28 basketry, 205, 239, 243; baskets, 36, 166 Briois, F., 41 Basta, 178 Brochier, J. E., 71 Baxter, M., 90 Brochier, J.-L., 153 beads, see ornaments Bronze Age, 9, 22–3, 129, 131, 171, 248, 251, Beaune, S. de, 241 257, 301 Beidha, 57 Broodbank, C., 45, 60–1, 180, 297 Beeching, A., 113 Brown, J., 3 Belfer-Cohen, A., 178, 299 building, size, shapes, techniques, ch. 9, Belgium, 175, 295 passim, 277; ceremonial, 255, 271, 284 beliefs, 255, 260, 264, 273 Bulgaria, 25, 118, 217, 304 Berbati, 25, 118, , 294 burials, Berger, R., 88 Mesolithic, 22, 34–5; Early Neolithic, 236, Berretrot, F., 246, 251 243–45; pit-burials, 276–9; multiple, 277; Bialor, P., 54 ossuaries, 279–80; secondary, 279–81; © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521801818 - The Early Neolithic in Greece: The First Farming Communities in Europe - Catherine Perles Index More information 346 index burials (cont.) 78, 191, 203, 205, 239, 246, 300; trapezes, infants burials, 82–3, 268, 276–7; see also 31, 35, 43, 47, 78, 205; trucations, 34, 43, cremations, grave goods 78, 205; see also bladelets, blades, Byblos, 52 projectile points, pressure-flaking Choirospilia, 113, 116, 208 caches, of grain, 73, 162–3; of flint, 271–2 Christopoulou, A., 235 Çafer Höyük, 54, 188 Chrysostomou, P., XIII, 175, 185, 191 Cahen, D., 175 Clark, J., 207 Calley, S., 54 Clark, P., 136 Can Hasan III, 62 climate, 13–16, 25, 28, 135, 156 Caputo, R., 122, 125, 130, 150 Close, A., 135 Cardial, 61, 239 cloth see textiles Carington Smith, J., 246–52 Cocchi Genick, D., 153 Carpathes, 288 Coleman, J., 8, 84, 88, 99, 111–12 carpentry, 191, 232 colonists, 38, 43, 45, 62–3 Caskey, J., 66, 84, 172, 175, 184, 191, 237, 273, colonization, 277 of Greece, 38, 45, 58–63; of islands, 17, 44, Çatal Hüyük, 52, 54–6, 62, 78, 95, 235, 246–7, 59–61; of plains, 144–5, 198; in the Near 249, 252, 255, 265, 299, 302 East, 52 cattle, 39, 41, 52, 68, 73, 135, 166–7, 237, 291, competition, see relations between groups 295, 304; see also faunal remains conflicts, see relations between groups Cauvin, J., XIV, 52–4, 56, 58, 62, 73, 77, 80, contacts, between hunter-gatherers and 95–7, 152–3, 166, 172, 178, 184, 186, 233, farmers, 38, 42–3, 45–51 255–6, 264–7, 271, 281 control, Cauvin, M.-C., 54 of flocks, 175; of accesses to village, 175; of Cavalli-Sforza, L., 22, 38, 52, 58, 132, 151 trade, 301; hierarchical control, 283, 292, Cavanagh, W., 118, 273, 276, 280 297–8 Cave of Nestor, 113, 116 cooking, 162–3, 193, 196, 216–17, 220, 229, caves, 291, 304 Mesolithic occupation, 24, 44; Early cooking pots, 216–17, 300 Neolithic, 113, 116, 153, 176, 301 co-operation, see relations between groups Çayönü, 18, 54, 57, 188, 197, 255, 280, 299 Copeland, L., 95 celts, see polished stone tools Corfu, 20, 28, 36, 116 cemeteries, 273–6 Corinth, Gulf of, 9; Neolithic settlement, 98, cereals, see plants 118–19, 211, 213, 220, 246–7, 294 ceremonies, 292, 297 Corsica, 60–1 ceremonial uses of pottery, 217, 269–70, 275, Costin, C., 209 284–5; of figurines and miniatures, 256–7, Coudart, A., XIV, 63, 172, 196–9, 219, 271 269–70; ceremonial axes, 237; ceremonial Courtin, J., 71 buildings, 255, 271, 280, 284, 292 Courty, M.-A., 153 Cerny, 284 courtyards, 180, 194, 291 Chaeronea, 201 craft specialization, craft specialists, 200, ch.
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  • MINERALOGICAL and STABLE ISOTOPIC STUDY of ANCIENT WHITE MARBLE QUARRIES in LARISA, THESSALY, GREECE Melfos V

    MINERALOGICAL and STABLE ISOTOPIC STUDY of ANCIENT WHITE MARBLE QUARRIES in LARISA, THESSALY, GREECE Melfos V

    ∆ελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας τοµ. XXXVI, 2004 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece vol. XXXVI, 2004 Πρακτικά 10ου ∆ιεθνούς Συνεδρίου, Θεσ/νίκη Απρίλιος 2004 Proceedings of the 10th International Congress, Thessaloniki, April 2004 MINERALOGICAL AND STABLE ISOTOPIC STUDY OF ANCIENT WHITE MARBLE QUARRIES IN LARISA, THESSALY, GREECE Melfos V. Department of Mineralogy, Petrology, Economic Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-546 24, Thessaloniki, Greece [email protected] ABSTRACT The present work focuses on the white marbles which were extracted in Larisa prefecture, Cen- tral Greece, during the antiquity. Three characteristic ancient quarries, which are located in the Kas- tri village (Aghia area), in Kalochori (Sykourio area) and in Gonnoi (Tembi area), were selected for the present study. Data obtained from the extraction techniques are combined with the geological, mineralogical and stable isotopic features in order to determine these marble ancient sources. The average δ13C and δ18O values of the Kastri marble are +2.80‰ and 4.51‰ and of the Kalochori marble +0.87‰ and –8.33‰. At Gonnoi ancient quarrying sites, the isotopic results are heterogene- ous: +1.05‰ δ13C, -4.65‰ δ18O for Gonnoi 1A, +1.89‰ δ13C, -7.97‰ δ18O for Gonnoi 1B, +2.27‰ δ13C, -3.12‰ δ18O for Gonnoi 3. 1 INTRODUCTION The white marble, an attractive and brilliant stone, is strongly related to the social, religious and economic life of Greeks, from the Prehistoric period until today. Especially, throughout antiquity, from Classical and Hellenistic time to early Byzantine period, marble affected the rapid evolution of the technology and economy of the ancient Greeks.