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A guide for city officials, architects A guide for city officials, and design professionals.

A guide for city officials, architects A guide for city officials, and design professionals. 2 All About Awnings • www.awninginfo.com Frames Fixed vs Stability Professional Awning Manufacturers Association Style, Configuration,Color Purpose General DesignConsiderations Summary ofBuildingCodes Adhesive Anchors Safety: Egress andFire Economy Size andFit Sponsors Professional Awning Manufactures AssociationGlossaryof Terms Partnerships Historical Awnings Framing Fabrics Choices ofMaterial Seismic Load Ponding Live Load Snow Load Wind Load Dead Load Design Loads Architecture Identification, Advertising Weather Protection Energy Benefits ofAwnings andCanopies Graphics Drainage andPonding Strength ...... Moveable . . Table ofContents ......

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Back Cover . .

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AllAll About About Awnings Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com 3 - com; .

, Roseville, MN 55113- , Roseville, .

B W B . . . . . com . Member companies range in size from companies range in size Member . IFAI is a not-for-profit trade association whose member com whose member trade association is a not-for-profit IFAI . awninginfo . marketplace Industrial Fabrics Association Industrial International (IFAI) specialty fabrics the international panies represent - prod corporations; members’ one-person shops to multinational PAMA, a division of IFAI, is open to companies that manufacture or that manufacture is open to companies a division of IFAI, PAMA, Association (PAMA) who supply goods/services as those sell awnings, as well the awning to manufacturers of end products, equipment and hardware equipment of end products, manufacturers Manufacturers Awning Professional industry .

For more information, contact PAMA at 1801 County Rd contact PAMA information, more For To establish PAMA and its members as the preferred first source for awning and awning first source its members as the preferred and establish PAMA To techniques, materials, standards, regulations, markets and tax information in the and tax information markets regulations, techniques, materials, standards, P awning industry implementing and seeking solutions for those concerns implementing and seeking solutions for those R structures or commercial to residential additions attractive P I

entire spectrum of the specialty fabrics industry, from fiber and fabric suppliers to from spectrum fabrics industry, of the specialty entire ucts span the 4061, USA; +1 651 222 2508, 800 225 4324; fax +1 651 631 9334; e-mail awndiv@ifai 4061, USA; +1 651 222 2508, 800 225 4324; site: www Web visit PAMA’s • tothe relating forthedisseminationofinformation acentralresource rovide • ofawningsasanimage-enhancing,energy-savingand aise generalawareness • in role totheawningindustry ofcommonconcern dentify issues andtakeaproactive PAMA Objectives PAMA • thefabricawningindustry toadvance educateandimplementprograms romote, related products and services products to end users related PAMA’s Mission PAMA’s All About Fabric Awnings Fabric All About All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com 4 entirely supported Retractable Awning attached one stanchion by thebuilding to whichitisattachedandattheouterendbyis supported notlessthan Canopy comprised ofalightweight, framestructure over whichacover isattached by thebuildingtowhich itisattached decoration andiswhollysupported Awning Fire Codes relating are totheawningindustry Building Codes,Residential Codes,Energy Codesand concerned withthesafetyandperformance ofthebuiltenvironment mission istoprovide thehighestqualitycodes,standards, forall products, andservices Officials (ICBO), andSouthern Building CodeCongress International, Inc Administrators International, Inc codes model construction organization dedicatedtodeveloping asinglesetofcomprehensive andcoordinated national They RelateTo Awnings andCanopies Brief SummaryOfBuildingCodesAs A moveable awningthatrolls orfolds againstabuildingorotherstructure by whichitis An architectural projection thatprovides weather protection, identityordecorationand An architectural fabricprojection thatprovides weather protection, identityor The International CodeCouncil(ICC) wasestablishedin1994asanonprofit . .

. Acanopyiscomprisedofalightweight frame structure over whicha cover is . . The foundersoftheICC are Building Officials andCode . (BOCA),International Conference ofBuilding . The ICC publications . . Anawningis . (SBCCI)

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moveable . Strength Anchorage Drainage Graphics F

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An awning and canopy purpose would satisfy any one or all of the following purpose would satisfy any one or all of An awning and canopy The major elements of an awning-system design are: design of an awning-system elements The major S Stability S S Economy Purpose

functional objectives: energy savings; weather protection (sun, rain, snow, sleet, hail, wind), (sun, rain, snow, protection weather energy savings; functional objectives:

identification, or aesthetics (architecture) identification, or aesthetics Purpose • • &fire afety: egress • • andfit ize • color tyle, configuration, • General Design Considerations Design General All About Awnings • www.awninginfo.com 6 shown below withtherepresentative designs configurations andcolorsare limitless automatically and canopiesconsistofrollers andlateralarms thatcanberetracted manuallyor vidual fabricpanelscanbeattachedusingthestaple-inmethod connected bolted orotherwise fixed metalframethatissecured by lacesorscrews Style, Configuration,Color Standard Awning Designs Dome PAMA hasadoptedstandard namesforawningandcanopystyles, whichare Most awningsandcanopiesconsistoffabricstretched over and secured toa . It shouldbenoted,however, thatthepossiblecombinationsofstyles, . Other awnings andcanopiesthatconsistofindi . . Concave . These framesmaybewelded, Elongated Dome . Still otherawnings - All About Awnings • www.awninginfo.com 7 Lateral/Arm Retractable Lateral/Arm Rounded Entrance Canopy Entrance Rounded Traditional Quarter Round/Convex All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com 8 vide anopen,safeandquickexit totheoutside the buildingofficialdoeshave theright(indeedobligation)todesignsystems thatpro such asforenclosedwalkwaycanopies andenclosedpatiocanopies retardant canopy systems Safety: Egress andFire public safetyandtoavoid needless,expensive over-design The objectives shouldbetoassure members’the industry active involvement inimplementingcodechangesisvery important each others’ needs tionship tobetterunderstand should develop aworking rela- building andcodeofficials engineering thesystem factors, withoutover- ing safety whileincorporat- to itssupports seeable loadswillbetransmitted tural memberssothatthefore- - arrange, size andconnectstruc must understandhow to awning system,thedesigner an awningthatcanwithstandanyforeseeable loads not expressly required, there isstillamoralandlegalobligationtoinstall high-rise building awning systemshouldnothave tomeetthesame coderequirements asa Economy that loadsare transmittedproperly the ground) connecting structures (mostoftenabuilding,butfrequently theground oraconcrete slab on tothoseinvolvedusually important intheplanningandreview process (underneath), rise(pitch)ofroof andpostorrafterspacing the buildingtowhichitisattached Size andFit appropriate parts of the awning frame with structural membersinthebuildingso oftheawningframewithstructural appropriate parts The answer isnotnecessarilytorequire fire doorsandsprinklersfor these systems Except inrare cases,thisisnotasignificantissuewithmodern awningand Sound economicaldesigndoesnotnecessarilyresult inthelowest firstcost and The awningindustry To develop aneconomical The economymostdirectly affectscustomersandawningcontractors The fitofanawningisdetermined ofitsframewithother by theinterfacing The size ofanawningisdetermined by its length,widthandprojection from . However, whenever thispointshouldbeascertained appropriate, . In tocoordinate thecaseofabuilding,itisimportant the . In mostcases,framematerialsare non-combustible,andfabricsare flame- . . However, inmostcases,acodedoesstrictlyapply In addition, . . . Other aspectsofsize includeclearheight . . . . These features are . . In rare caseswhenitis

. It isclearthatan

. But - .

AllAll About About Awnings Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com 9 .

Examples of triangulation are dem- of triangulation are Examples here The important lesson to learn . development of development supplied by can usually be stability, triangulation of structural members onstrated as follows: is that substituting larger beams or the solve posts for smaller ones doesn’t . This in-plane stiffness, which is instrumental to the . . This . Such connections are not are connections Such . barn the function that siding or roofing performs as in a pole as in a pole performs or roofing the function that siding . . A structure comprised comprised A structure . . But to design a safe structure, structure, to design a safe But .

Fabric has no in-plane stiffness; therefore, it does not replace, in an awning or canopy, awning or canopy, in an it does not replace, has no in-plane stiffness; therefore, Fabric Common post and beam structures, structures, Common post and beam may have designer The average occurring, and the direction in which this force acts, at the connection at the time that the acts, at the in which this force occurring, and the direction provided by such a connection such by provided Bolt-through feasible, are when they preferable, Bolt-through connections are specifi- to controlled manufactured because the bolt and the nut are of data on the strength is a wealth cations, and there maximum design load occurs on the frame M anchors and adhesive sion anchors, wood lag screws the building or to its foundations P Attachments the awning or canopy to of connections from strength the location, style and This involves

• expan bolt-through, ost commontypesofattachmentsinvolve oftheamountforce ofthiselementassumesarecognition design roper problem of instability problem • such as pole barns, are rendered stable by the addition of siding, roofing, “X”-bracing and roofing, the addition of siding, stable by rendered are such as pole barns, footings cantilevered fixed arrangement and method of connection of arrangement and method the members to falling down because of the number, number, because of the to falling down simple posts is inherently unstable is inherently simple posts susceptible is means that the structure stability issues top of mounted on the of simple beams a concept of how beams and posts work and posts work beams how a concept of structurally understand one must fully Stability 10 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com coordinated these structures are safefortheadditionalloadsimposedonthemmustbeproperly ing structures (building’s wall,roof, foundations,slab,etc cure timemayberequired before theanchorcanbeloaded fastener, withanepoxy adhesive directly tothesubstrateby fillinganoversized drilledhole, whichcontainsthethreaded expansion anchorswillraisetheriskofbeingpulledout n manyawningapplicationsthatrequire fasteningtowoodframing,bolt-through con •

I wood inwhichthey are embedded or chips ject topullingoutasthewoodsurrounding theirthreads crumbles are notassoundbolt-through connections becausethey are sub Wood lagscrews are tapered toapointanddonotutilize nuts Wood lagscrews expansionanchorsmaybetheonlypracticalchoice surfaces, to concrete with othertypes generally subjecttositequestionsthatare oftenassociated nections are notpossibleandwood When anchoringawningsandcanopies,theawningcontractor is oftenattachingtoexist . Their strength, tothehardness then,isproportional ofthe . . While thesekindsofanchorshave beeninsuccessful bolt-through solution frictional resistance topull-out of thedrilledholeinwhichthey are set They develop theiressentialstrength by pressing hard againsttheside Expansion anchorsare usedtofastenawningsconcrete surfaces • use requires more goodjudgmentthantheuseofasimple use foralongtimeandmaybewell-manufactured, their

located closetocomers,where thehighpressures associatedwith tions are veneer andfasteners bricksurfaces provide theawninginstallerawaytoaddress fieldsituationsinwhich the preceding anchortypesare notsuitable Adhesive anchors lag screws maybethebestavailable option Adhesive anchorshave beenmadeavailable inrecent years to Expansion anchors

. This systemdoesnotrely onpressure . . Obviously, whenfastening . . Adhesive anchorsare bonded . ) . . Responsibilities forassuringthat . This pressure results inhigh . . These . . Examples ofsuchcondi - . A certain amountof Acertain

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Fundamentally, this Fundamentally, . . . The standard lateral arm and lateral arm The standard . A moveable awning can be A moveable . Frame systems are recommended by by recommended systems are Frame frame cannot be awning’s A fixed . stowed against the building to which it stowed is attached - examples of move awnings are arm drop able awnings Frames Fixed vs. Moveable to according the manufacturer, “norms and regional personal preference special fittings or joined by are Frames to according welding, and recommendations manufacturer variations regional position and a stowed from deployed vice versa Local codes .

Lack of proper attention to this detail can result in poten attention to this detail can result Lack of proper .

. Thus, it can be immediately recognized that a “safe” structure is structure that a “safe” Thus, it can be immediately recognized . The most common types of stress are tension, compression, bending and tension, compression, are stress common types of The most . 67 to 2 times stronger than the yield strength required to satisfy the actual design required the yield strength than 67 to 2 times stronger . All code and engineering standards have long required that a safe design use members that a safe required long have standards All code and engineering The yield strength is the strength at which the material no longer fully recovers to fully recovers at which the material no longer is the strength The yield strength . . .

The overall success of a commercial success of a commercial The overall Provisions must be made to drain water off an awning or canopy must be made to drain water off an awning Provisions A common misconception about awnings is that they are safe as long as they don’t fall don’t safe as long as they are about awnings is that they A common misconception After a stable configuration has been established for an awning design frame, been established for configuration has After a stable Proper anchorage is the single most important single most is the anchorage structural awning design of an quality Proper A variety of methods are used of methods are A variety .

characteristics of this feature sensitive graphics and eradicating graphics sensitive and other may dictate the size and ordinances ics - awning may hinge on the design of its graph Graphics and collect water on the surface on the frame and anchors tially large gravity forces involves establishing a steep enough pitch, properly spaced bows or rafters, as well as main rafters, as well or bows spaced a steep enough pitch, properly establishing involves the fabric to sag cannot cause so that draining water or melting snow taining a taut fabric, Drainage and Ponding Drainage and than the ultimate strength maximum design load when it is exposed to its strength its breaking below well stressed stress significantly lower is usually the yield strength the load is removed; its original shape when down 1 that are

imposed on them imposed on shear Strength members should be chosen for a strength consistent with the amount and type of stress and type of stress consistent with the amount strength be chosen for a members should pressure heat color transfer, printing, painting, cut out lettering, appliqué, printing, painting, cut out lettering, appliqué, to apply graphics to awnings, screen 12 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com Design Loads tification andarchitecture Hence, canserve thesamesurface atleastthree functions:weather protection, iden necessary custom methods,almostanyshapeandsize canbeattainedandcovered withawningfabric cutting, bendingandwelding metaltubing,andfittingthefabrictoframe graphics andstructure, atmodestcost awning andcanopysystemsthatincorporateshape,light,color, texture, Architecture without theneedfor“add-on” signstructures Identification, Advertising figurations, they canalsoprotect from wind Weather Protection of theawning percent Energy canresultproperties insafe,strong, economicalandattractive products high strength-to-weight ratiosandcorrosion resistance long-lasting, bright,easilycleaned,strong andflame-retardant Benefits OfAwnings AndCanopies exposure ofthewindow, thecolorandtypeoffabricstyleplacement The exactamountofheatreduction dependsuponseveral factors,including the Creative designersandarchitects candevelop usefulandintriguingdesignsformodern Applying graphicsdirectly toawningfabricsprovides identificationand/oradvertisement These systemsafford protection from thesun,rain,snow, sleetandhail On Southern facingwindows, afabricawningreduces heatgainby 55to65 Fabric awningsandcanopiescanmeetvarious designneeds . For western exposure, thereduction inheatgainis72to77percent .

. . Most awningframesare custommadeby . . . The proper combinationofthese . Modern frame materials offer Modernoffer framematerials . Many modern fabricsare . . In con certain .

. With these

- .

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. . . It can It

. .

This load This load .

Basic wind pressure (psf) wind pressure Basic be can . Local codes may require higher design wind speeds higher design wind Local codes may require . 00256 times the square of the wind speed (mph) of the wind 00256 times the square . . Consult your local building codes for requirements Consult your . Important aspects of wind load are: aspects of wind Important . Design wind speeds are generally shown on maps on shown generally wind speeds are Design .

This load, as well as snow load, are usually the most critical loads on awnings usually load, are as snow This load, as well This is the self-weight of the awning or canopy frame, fabric and hardware or canopy frame, fabric of the awning self-weight This is the Loads for which awning and canopies may need to be designed can be categorized as fol categorized can be to be designed may need canopies awning and for which Loads accounted for in the design Lift Drag, away the fabric surface, and lift is the pressure toward the wind-induced pressure is Drag Exposure byThis is a general category the wind that is afforded from for the amount of protection the environment surrounding Gusts which must be velocity, the steady design above of velocity excursions short-term These are published in the building code published in the building be readily observed then, for example, that the wind forces on an awning are four times on an awning are that the wind forces then, for example, observed be readily if the wind speed nine times greater are and the forces if the wind speed is doubled, greater is tripled or Velocity Speed is a function of its speed wind pressure Basic of 0 computed as the product

• • • • and canopies Wind Load weighed 2 psf, then the design for snow should actually account for 22 psf total load actually account should snow then the design for 2 psf, weighed must always be included with other design loads since it is always acting on the structure it is always acting on design loads since be included with other must always it self the structure load, and for 20 psf snow designing an awning if one were instance, For Dead Load lows: All About Awnings • www.awninginfo.com 14 All About Awnings • www.awninginfo.com • • • ment ofbuildingandsafety many localitiesthere isnorequirement forsnow loaddesign in thecaseforwind,sometimeslocalrequirements are more stringent Snow Load •

Ground Snow Flat Roof Snow Load for requirements afforded by thesurrounding environment fortheamountofprotection from thewindthatis This isageneralcategory Exposure ring atground level The beginningpointforsnow design,thisisthepressure ofthedesignedsnow loadoccur acceptable level ofriskandhave basedcodedesignrequirements onit ability ofoccurringoncein50years simply meansthattherequired designwindspeedisthatwhichhasa0 required designwindspeed This term whichisthebasisforestablishing isusedtodescribethetimeinterval PeriodReturn an awningframe,allthesefactorsmustbetakenintoaccount (toward dependingona variety orawayfrom offactors) thefabricsurface from thefabricsurface Some important considerationsaboutdesigningforsnowSome important are: Required designsnow loadsare establishedby mapspublishedinthebuildingcode .

. . Wind forces onanawningsystemactindifferent directions . . For mostapplicationsthereturn periodis50years . Loss and safety experts have Lossandsafetyexperts determined thatitisan . Consultwithyour local buildingcodes . Checkwiththelocaldepart . . On theother hand,in . . 02 statisticalprob . When designing designing When

. This

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For example, the example, For . Many times the flat times Many .

Common code . While it is beyond the scope of this While it is beyond Provided that the case of Provided . . . 7 times the ground snow load snow ground 7 times the . 6 or 0 . . . Since these loads are movable, the live load stipulation the live movable, these loads are Since . Some codes do not require a live load design, and others load a live codes do not require Some . The codes describe the procedure for designing with snow drifting for designing with snow The codes describe the procedure . . These are loads that are associated with the forces related to human occupants, related associated with the forces loads that are These are be significant in mind Return Period Load discussion under Wind See Building codes require that the phenomenon of drifting snow be accounted for in the that the phenomenon of drifting snow codes require Building this includes awnings and canopies design of roofs; can of drifting snow publication to discuss this in detail, the effects Drifting ground snow load by a coefficient accounting for exposure and height and for exposure accounting a coefficient by load snow ground little as 0 load can be as snow roof design pressure load; the actual snow psf ground may indicate a 20 map or the code snow as little as 12 psf an awning may be for required This is the design load occurring at the actual roof level, and results from factoring the factoring from and results level, actual roof at the load occurring the design This is

ponding water is properly addressed, live loading is not a practical requirement in loading is not a practical requirement live addressed, ponding water is properly the design of awnings the requirement reduce greatly requirements for roof live loads are from 12 to 20 psf from loads are live for roof requirements furniture, equipment, etc equipment, furniture, anticipated condition or case for the most severe is an allowance • Live Load • 16 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com y are structures generally small,secondary • y are lightweight; lightweight structures donothave alot ofmass,therefore, • loadsisalsotooelaboratetobeincluded inthispublication earthquake Seismic Load emove snow before itmeltsandpondswater andtautwillavoideeping thefabricproperly supported theproblem • esign forpondingmustbetakenstructurally • • and mustbeaddressed inoneofseveral ways: Ponding sons:

model codescontain theprovision incurrent editions most rigorously pressedearthquakes, ingeographical areasby notsignificantly affected structures are relatively unaffected these attached, whichare subjecttosignificantdestructive forcesmass, duetotheirlarger The relatively smallseismicforces are likelytobedeveloped The R K D However, awnings andcanopiestendtofare forthefollowing well in earthquakes rea These are tremors orearth loadsduetoearthquakes Addressed elsewhere inthispublication,isapotentialloadonanawningorcanopy . F=ma . Althoughseismic designrequirements are not . Compared tothestructures towhichthey are . . . . The designprocess for . F=ma . . .

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Popular fabric types are: Popular . Other properties of interest to the properties of interest Other . ester (Back Lighting) ester (Back ester 5 ounces to 42 ounces per square yard per square 5 ounces to 42 ounces .

Some of these fabrics are heat-sealable, which results in a water-tight joint which results heat-sealable, of these fabrics are Some Awning fabrics commonly come in finished widths from 30 inches to 86 inches and 30 inches to 86 inches in finished widths from commonly come fabrics Awning The range of modern materials available for awning or canopy designers is impressive designers or canopy for awning available materials of modern The range and framing choices for fabric popular inthe more of the overview is a brief The following M W G UV r W F Colors Light transmittance Warranty A 100% W E Vinyl laminated poly A or poly/cotton Vinyl-coated, cotton Vinyl laminated or coated poly Vinyl laminated or coated mesh Vinyl laminated or coated

designer are: • • ick resistance raphics acceptance • ildew resistance • • ater repellency lame resistance • esistance • • • (assuming that the fabric itself is water-tight) • xpanded PTFE • acrylicoven • • crylic-painted cottonorpolyester/cotton • orpolyester/cotton polyester crylic, vinylorresin-coated • • • weigh from 6 from weigh Fabrics industry: Choices Of Materials Of Choices 18 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com • • • • • Framing

a groove thatisfilledwithapressure-installed weather strip/trimpiece panels tothefaceoftubing intocross-sections thatareAluminum tubingisextruded usedtoconnectfabric Staple-on Extrusions dimensions and disadvantages incomparisontosteel This isavailable inawidevariety ofshapes,sizes andtempers,withanarrayofadvantages Aluminum Tubing Manufactured withthesamedimensionsassteelpipe,itweighs onlyone-third asmuch Aluminum Pipe tubing isnormally sized inoutside measurements thinner wallsectionmakesthreading difficult rectangular aswell asvarious yieldstrengths Available inarangeofwallthicknessesandshapesincludinground, square and Steel Tubing designed towork withSchedule40pipe ily benttodesignershapes shop environments galvanized in21’lengths inside diameter In mostcases,primarily designedasaconduitforliquidsorgases,pipeissized by it’s Steel Pipe ized ashavingarelatively thickwallsectionofmildsteelandisavailable blackorhotdip . . The size designationisreferred toas“nominal” size . It is functional but heavy and not necessarily highly aesthetic It isfunctionalbutheavyandnotnecessarilyhighly . It iseasilywelded, boltedorthreaded andis adaptable to many . Most hardware are &fittingsforuseinframeconstruction . Connectionsare madestaplingthefabricinside . . Tubing measurements are describedwithoutside . It iseasilywelded orbolted . It iseasilybenttodesignershapes . . Pipe ischaracter . . The

. It is eas is It Steel .

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. It is clear that an It . They often have infor often have They .

. . There is a moral and legal obligation to There . While careful scrutiny of awnings is justifi While careful . . In rehabilitation projects, awnings may awnings projects, rehabilitation In .

. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Heritage Service, Heritage Park National Department the Interior, of . S

. .

However, a code does apply However, . . However, . Most awning companies are the experts in fabricating awnings, engineers and code awning companies are Most Decisions on particular projects must be based on the circumstances of each build particular on circumstances be based on the must Decisions projects . . . Sometimes .

The above partners should develop a working relationship to better understand each oth relationship a working partners should develop The above The architect, engineer and/or city official must understand how to arrange, size and to arrange, size understand how engineer and/or city official must The architect, Awning companies can be seen as the first source of information be seen as the first source companies can Awning When an awning or canopy is needed on a commercial building, its important to form a building, its important to form commercial When an awning or canopy is needed on a As “Interpreting the As “Interpreting According to the U According

the historic character of the historic character be acceptable when they do not negatively affect do not negatively be acceptable when they this area not to substitute strictly personal preferences for professional evaluations of historic evaluations for professional not to substitute strictly personal preferences this area ably part of the National Park Service review of tax act projects, care must be exercised in must be exercised care of tax act projects, Service review Park ably part of the National evidence or documented research clearly shows they were once on the building and the his once on the building were they clearly shows documented research evidence or ing, but as a general rule, in restoration projects, awnings are acceptable when the physical acceptable awnings are projects, a general rule,ing, but as restoration in Awning officials are experts in permits, and architects experts in design and architects experts in permits, officials are needed and can assist each other All parties are ers’ needs ers’ while incorporating safety factors without over-engineering the system while incorporating safety factors without over-engineering connect structural members so that the foreseeable loads will be transmitted to its supports connect structural members so that the foreseeable install an awning that can withstand any foreseeable loads install an awning that can withstand any foreseeable awning system should not have to meet the same code requirements as a to meet the same code requirements awning system should not have high-rise building mation about anchoring guidelines and the cost-efficiency of awnings mation about anchoring guidelines and the partnership with all or some of the following community partners: awning partnership with all or some of the following and others city officials, architect city engineer, company, Partnerships character more than one appeared on the same building than one appeared more ranged from one building to ranged from the next shapes, patterns and colors shapes, patterns great profusion of awnings profusion great of many sizes, Awnings may result Standards Bulletin” No Bulletin” Standards the building toric appearance is being accurately restored is being accurately toric appearance centuries offer ample precedent for the use of awnings on windows, above storefronts and at and storefronts above of awnings on windows, for the use ample precedent centuries offer entrances twentieth nineteenth and early the Service, photographs from historic Preservation Historical Awnings Historical streetscapes document a streetscapes historic photographs of that denial of certification character of a structure the historic can in some cases so impair can in some cases so impair 86-079 makes clear, awnings 86-079 makes clear, 20 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com Acrylic Acceleration Stress Abrasion Resistance today, thisterm isusedtodescribe thewidthofstripe exactly 4inches,they are more like3 imate numberofcolored 4inchstripesacross thewidthof31inchfabric 4 –Bar Awning Terminology Standard Awning Designs entirely supported Retractable Awning attached one stanchion by thebuildingtowhichitisattachedandatouterendbyis supported notlessthan Canopy comprised ofalightweight framestructure over whichacover isattached by thebuildingtowhichitisattached decoration andiswhollysupported Generic term formanufactured fiberinwhichthe fiber-forming substance isanylong- Additional stress placedonrope duetoincreasing thevelocity ofload Capacity orscraping ofmaterialtowithstandwear duetofriction,rubbing, This istheterm commonlyusedtodescribeastripeinawningfabric Traditional Rounded Entrance Canopy Round/ConvexQuarter Lateral Arm/Retractable Elongated Dome Dome Concave A movable awningthatrolls orfoldsagainsta building orotherstructure by whichitis An architectural projection that provides weather protection, identityordecoration and An architectural fabricprojection thatprovides weather protection, identityor . . Acanopyiscomprisedofalightweight framestructure over whichacover is Glossary OfAwning Terms Professional Awning Manufacturers Association . . 8 inches . Since manyfabricsare widerthan31inch . Alsoknown asaclassicstripe . . . This istheapprox The stripesare not . . Anawningis .

. - AllAll About About Awnings Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com 21 - ) - . - - Made in Made . The material . . It is during this step that a chro It . Can be very heavy or lightweight and heavy or lightweight be very Can . After this process is complete and the After this process . This entire operation is also known as as operation is also known This entire . Tubing measurements are described with described with are measurements Tubing . The metal is the positive pole, or anode, in the pole, or The metal is the positive . . . . ” . . . ) Awning (see Illuminated Ideal for use in anchoring to a variety of base materials ranging from soft com materials ranging from of base to a variety for use in anchoring Ideal . A current is applied and oxidation occurs is applied and oxidation A current .

. Has flat look, porosity, and looseness or “give” flat look, porosity, Has . Attachment for installations mounted to a wall, or some other structure, where a bolt where or some other structure, for installations mounted to a wall, Attachment Plain weave with two or more warp and filing threads interlaced to resemble a plaited interlaced to resemble and filing threads warp or more with two weave Plain Small diameter cord used for attaching awning covers to a frame or structure; most com to a frame or structure; used for attaching awning covers diameter cord Small Motif or design made separately, then sewn or affixed on a cloth or garment sewn or affixed then or design made separately, Motif A process used to improve corrosion resistance of aluminum and it’s alloys of aluminum and it’s resistance corrosion used to improve A process This involves the location, style and strength of connections from the awning or canopy of connections from strength the location, style and This involves This is available in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and tempers, with an array of advan and tempers, with an array of shapes, sizes variety in a wide This is available only one-third as steel pipe, it weighs with the same dimensions Manufactured Attachment for installations onto masonry for Attachment stone, stucco, etc brick, marble, (including Bolt-through Bolt-through made of any fiber basket Basket Weave Basket Backlit Awning Backlit monly a cotton, polyester or nylon with stretch resistant fiber core resistant or nylon with stretch monly a cotton, polyester Awning Cord Awning Applique “two step anodizing “two item rinsed, a second step or sealing treatment is applied item rinsed, a second step or sealing treatment colors can be realized mate is applied, and various is cleaned, then immersed in a bath of acids acid bath Anodizing to the building or to its foundations Anchorage outside dimension tages and disadvantages in comparison to steel tages and disadvantages Aluminum Tubing Tubing Aluminum as much Aluminum Pipe Pipe Aluminum mon brick to hard marble or granite marble to hard mon brick or concrete Adhesive/Epoxy Anchors Adhesive/Epoxy chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of acrylonitrile of weight by at least 85% of polymer composed synthetic chain units and staple forms both filament 22 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com Convex for aspecificenduse andPVCthanes, acrylics adhering layers toprovide properties certain Coated Fabric • • types ofsubstances product Coated industrial purposes Canvas trolled heat andpressure, toproduce textures avariety ofsurface oreffectsinfabric Calendering is superiortozincincorrosion resistance Cadmium Plating strength Breaking Strength of avalance tofinishthecutedgeoffabric Braid with anut extends from oneendofthewallorstructure through theothersideandsecurely fastened

the fabric roller ordietoflattenandspread thesubstanceacross thewidthof chemicalmixesDry are heatedandmixed andthenpassedthrough through a anextruder Extrusion fabric The materialrolls pastaknifethatactstospread aliquidsubstanceacross thewidthof Knife over roll An awningconfigurationcharacterized by aseries ofparallelbows intheshape ofacon A fabricwhere aliquidorsemi-liquidpolymerhasbeenappliedinfirmly Fabrics thatare coatedare usuallydonesowithaliquidorsemi Cotton, linen,orsyntheticinheavyweights withaneven firm weave, forsailsandmany A process ofpassingclothbetween rollers (or“calendars”), usuallyundercarefully con An electro platingprocess whichprotects iron andsteel The measured loadrequired tobreak afabricorrope undertension;alsocalledtensile A narrow fabric,usuallybetween . . . Coatingscanbeurethanes, PVC, acrylics, neoprene’s, andmanyother . . . . Awning stripecanvas hasprintedorwoven stripes .

. Many otherpolymerscanbeusedtodesignfabrics 1 ⁄ 2 ”–1” wide,usedasatrim . . Examples ofcommonlyusedpolymersare ure . . Salt spraytestsindicatecadium . Commonuseisontheedge

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Used in connec Used . These can occur . Laminates .

Castings made with Castings . . . . .

Zinc and aluminum are most commonly and aluminum are Zinc . . . It is usually a topical condition and does not affect the is usually a topical condition and It . When a lamination comes apart, delamination . . . The higher the denier number, the heavier the yarn The higher the denier number, . . It produces a radius shape with flat ends a radius shape produces It . N N as 200 count sheeting

) ) . . . The terms “RF (radio frequency) welding” or “RF heat sealing” are often used are or “RF heat sealing” welding” “RF (radio frequency) The terms The forming of parts by forcing molten metal into metal molds of parts forcing by The forming Unit of weight indicating size of a fiber filament based on weight in grams of a standard of a standard in grams of a fiber filament based on weight indicating size of weight Unit This describes the separation of the individual plies in a laminate This describes the separation of the individual Lettering or graphic elements that are cut out of a fabric and replaced from behind with from and replaced cut out of a fabric Lettering or graphic elements that are Rubbing off of color as a result of improper dye, poor penetration, or fixation dye, of improper off of color as a result Rubbing To bend, kink, curl or wave a fiber to give it more loft it more a fiber to give bend, kink, curl or wave To This describes the condition of scratch marks on the surface of scratch marks This describes the condition fabrics of 1 2 ofayarn umber size ortheirsum, umber ofendsandpicksperinchaweave, The general term that covers all rope, cord, lines, and string cord, all rope, covers that term The general are typically made of two or more plies that are fused together under combinations plies that are typically made of two or more are Di-Electric Welding Welding Di-Electric used this process can be made to very exacting tolerance can be made to very this process Die Casting strand of 9,000 meters acetate, and most man-made fibers tion with silk, rayon, Denier of heat, pressure and adhesive of heat, pressure has occurred Delamination letters or graphics of another material Cut-out lettering Cut-out Crocking Crimp as a result of abrasion or folding as a result of view an aesthetic point from except performance fabric’s Crazing

Count Cordage vex curve vex 24 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com Fill Yarns woven acrylic Fiber roller ordietoflattenandspread thepolymeracross thewidthoffabric CoatedExtrusion pressing hard againstthesideofdrilledholeinwhichthey are set Expansion Anchors vinyl fabricthathasbeenpre-coated witheradicable inks atthefactory Eradication is solution onthemetalinamore uniform manner final appearanceissmootherandbrighter Electro Galvanized orElectro Plated and redoubling oftheslivers Drawing ing andshrinkinghave degree beencontrolled toacertain and/orfibersemployedstruction Dimensional Stability producing heatintheDi-electric are Dipolar andInterfacial polarization (1 to200megahertz) RF orHFheatingdescribesthisprocess over thelimitedfrequency range the fieldstrength atomic andmolecularstructure ofthematerialfrequency oftheelectromagnetic fieldand Di-electric electromagnetic energywillgothoughachangeofstateandbedissipatedasheatwiththe Di-electric ofthe material comesintocontactwithanelectromagnetic field,someportion interchangeably with HF(High Frequency) ordi-electricheatsealingwelding a hotzincsolution,themetalsare chargedwithpositive ionsandputintoa negative ion . 0002” The yarns crosswise ofthewarp yarns thatrun inweaving The fundamentalunitthatmakes upatextilerawmaterialsuchascottonor polymersareDry heatedandmixed andthenpassedthrough through a anextruder Used tofastenawningsconcrete surfaces Eradication involves eliminatingwithspecialchemicals, anexistingcolorfrom awhite This issimilartoHot Dip Galvanized except theapplicationprocess isdifferent andthe rocess ofrepeated draftingoffiberslivers onacarding machineanddoubling 2 1 Fabrics canstretch andshrinkinthewarp,fillorbiasdirections, dependingonthecon In thecaseofRForHFwelding ofthermoplastics the effective mechanisms The term Di-electric heatingcorrectly describesthisphenomenonatanyfrequency while . . ) )

P The hotorcoldstr . . The degree towhichthisconversion ofenergywilloccurisdependentonthe . . . etching offiberstoincrease orientationandreduce size . . When afabricisdimensionallystable,meansthatstretch . Instead ofdippingthemetalinto . They develop theiressentialstrength by . Anaverage platingthickness . . .

. . .

. When a .

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The slots are then The slots are . .

. . Erroneously used Erroneously . The cover is tied to the frame by is tied to the frame by The cover . . Usually tested for length Usually . The cover is stretched tightly over the tightly over is stretched The cover . The resulting effort to do The resulting .

. . . .

. This material will not degrade in outdoor applications for an almost unlimited This material will not degrade in outdoor . The fabric is stretched over a frame, then stapled to the frame over The fabric is stretched . Fabric attachments: Fabric . This refers to a finish that is the result of metal being dipped into a hot solution of zinc to a finish that is the result This refers A process whereby graphics are hand-painted directly on fabric hand-painted directly graphics are whereby A process color to the fabric applicator to adhere heat and a vacuum that utilizes A graphic process This is a property of fabrics where a machine will try to pull the fabric apartThis is a property of fabrics where in opposite This is a synthetic fiber noted for its resistance to sunlight and ulta-violet noted for its resistance This is a synthetic fiber A finish rendering a cloth which will repel flame, or which will prevent the flame, or which will prevent will repel a cloth which A finish rendering A fabric or substance which has been treated so that it is absolutely impervious so that it is absolutely been treated substance which has A fabric or Staple-in-Extrusions built into specially designed framing The fabric is stapled into “slot” with strips of vinyl trim covered Staples the fabric to a frame system instead of A fabric attachment that uses staples to attach screws lacing thin rope through the grommets through lacing thin rope Screws for fastening attachment that uses screws Fabric screws frame and attached using self-tapping hexagonal Lacing an awning frame to a fabric cover This is the most traditional technique of attaching the edge of the fabric cover placed along are Grommets Molding Awning hem system has channels that accept the rope-filled made of aluminum, this track Usually of an awning cover

Hot Dip Galvanized Hot into the fabric Any number of colors can be applied simultaneously, as pigments and resins are embedded embedded are and resins as pigments Any number of colors can be applied simultaneously, Heat Color-Transfer Heat Hand Painting Hand direction in both the filling and warp directions direction in pounds this is measured Grab Tensile Grab • • • • • period deterioration Fluropolymer Fluropolymer spreading of flame, or which will not support of flame, or which will a flame spreading portionof time it takes for a flaming itself of the cloth to extinguish Fire Retardant Finish Retardant Fire to flame, and will not, under any circumstances, support a flame circumstances, will not, under any to flame, and goods retardant to fire in reference Fire Proofed Fire 26 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com substrates usedinlaminatesare knittedbecauseknittingisusuallyfasterand,andtherefore, • Load awning toberolled uporretracted againstthewall end fabricpanelsandthey includeamanual orelectriccrankingsystemthatallows the Lateral Awning Arm normally ofaplastictopandbottomlayer constructed andanintermediate scrimlayer or more pliesfusedtogetherunderacombinationofheat,pressure andadhesives Laminate be thebestavailable option applications thatrequire fasteningtowoodframinglagscrews may tothehardnessproportional ofthewoodinwhichthey are embedded Lag screws frame by lacing thinrope through thegrommets Grommets are placedalongtheedgeoffabriccover andthenthecover istiedtothe Lacing less expensive thanwoven fabrics Knitted fabricstypicallystretch more thanwoven fabrics Knitted Fabric control the actionofeachwarpyarn individually, ifnecessary complicated cloths Jacquard Weave Illuminated Awning column Hydrostat Pressure cally beenhotdipgalvanized to addaprotective, coatingtothemetal

Dead Load A loadisanythingthatcausesforce member tobeexerted onastructural These awningsresemble typicaltraditionaltriangularstructures except they rarely have Combine theabove twodefinitionstoread: Laminatedfabricsare made oftwo Screws whichare tapered to a pointanddonotutilize nuts This isthemosttraditionaltechniqueofattachingafabriccover toanawningframe It isdifferent from weaving inthatitusesatyingstitchtoholdtheotheryarns together The typeofweave tobeseenindamasks,brocades, tapestries,and other A lightingsystemplacedbehindthefabricstructure causingthefabrictobeilluminated The abilityofafabrictoresist waterunderpressure andisexpressed ininchesofwater .

. Made naJacquard loomwhichprovides mechanismsto (alsoseeRetractable Definition) . . . . Awning iron andsomemalleablefittingshave typi .

. . Many ofthe .

. Their strength is .

In manyawning

. They are

. . .

- .

AllAll About About Awnings Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com 27 -

. - - . The .

This load must load must This .

. . . Usually refers to a treatment on a to a treatment refers Usually . . Basic wind pressure can be wind pressure Basic . Snow leads vary considerably from region to leads vary region considerably from Snow . . . A material made of fibers in a web or mat held togeth A material made of fibers in a web . 00256 times the square of the wind speed (mph) of the wind speed the square 00256 times . . . Effectiveness is directly proportional to the type of fungicide and the quan is directly Effectiveness . . Any of a family of high strength, resilient synthetic materials, the long-chain resilient Any of a family of high strength, Neither woven, knitted, nor spun woven, Neither A single filament of manmade fiber, used as yarn A single filament of manmade fiber, sisal, etc Any organic fiber such as cotton, jute, manila, This is a measure that tries to explain how a fabric reacts when it tensioned and relaxed a fabric reacts that tries to explain how This is a measure Generic name established by the Federal Trade Commission for “a manufactured fiber in manufactured Commission for “a Trade the Federal name established by Generic It is unlikely that any fabric can be rendered permanently mildew proof under proof mildew permanently rendered is unlikely that any fabric can be It Any fabric, knitted or woven, with an open texture, fine or coarse fine with an open texture, woven, Any fabric, knitted or . A load imposed on a structure from snowfall from structure A load imposed on a region Load Live on a roof All changing loads exerted Basic wind load is a function of its wind speed is a function of its wind load Basic of 0 as the product computed Load Snow This is the self-weight of the awning or canopy frame, fabric and hardware fabric canopy frame, or of the awning the self-weight This is structure always acting on the loads since it is with other design always be included Load Wind

molecule of which contains the recurring amide group CONH amide group molecule of which contains the recurring Nylon er by bonding agent er by Non-Woven Natural Fiber Natural Monofilament It is used to explain things like snow and wind loads, elasticity, memory, stretch and shrink stretch memory, and wind loads, elasticity, is used to explain things like snow It age Modulus qualifies as rubber” which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer substance is any long-chain which the fiber-forming Modacrylic tity of fungicide contained in the finished cloth (to the point of maximum potency) tity of fungicide contained in the finished may be durable or non-durable treatment mold and fungi all conditions “Mildew Resistant” is a more proper term proper is a more Resistant” all conditions “Mildew of the growth compounds that poison or discourage chemical non-toxic cloth with various of acrylonitrile when it weight by composed of less than 85% but at least 35% units, except Mildew Proof Mildew Mesh • • • 28 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com Screen Printing entirely supported Retractable Awning RF Welding orRFHeat Sealing PVC ric andactsontheframe,even loads whentheawningisnotacteduponby theservice that results whenthefabricispulledtightonframe Pre-stress adhered intheproper register onthefabricasdecoration Pressure-Sensitive Graphics ric tosagandcollectwateronthesurface as well as maintainingatautfabric,sodrainingwaterormeltingsnow cannotcausethefab Ponding molecules (monomers)witheachother Polymer not have thestretch andelasticityofnylonand,asaresult, willoftenlastlonger Polyester under eachwarpyarn witheachrow alternating Plain Weave Pigmenting under them oftheclothfrom fontsastherollspaint isgenerallyappliedtothesurface ofclothpass Painted Cloth Similar tostencilwork, except thatascreen offinesilk,nylon,polyester ormetalmesh A movable awningthatrolls orfoldsagainstabuildingotherstructure by whichitis Polyvinyl Chloride The effective long-term stress forwhich anawningisdesigned;theloadin Pressure-sensitive vinylfilm iscutby handorby computertoadesired design andthen This involves establishingasteepenoughpitch,properly spacedbows orrafters, A syntheticmaterialfrom whichfibersare formed A syntheticfiberusedforit’s strength andresistance toultravioletdeterioration One ofthe three basicweaves The process ofapplyingcolortofiberstock,yarn orfabric Cloths whichhave stripes beenfinishedby paintinginsolidcolors orinassorted . Used forawnings,outdoorfurniture, umbrellas . . Apolymerusedforvinylfabric (seeDi-Electric Welding) . In plainweave, eachfillingyarn passessuccessivelyand over . . .

. Usually composedoflarge . . This stress existsinthe awningfab . .

. .

. It does . The . - - AllAll About About Awnings Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com 29

. .

. #304 is .

The slots are then The slots are .

. . . Note it does not say stain proof it does not Note . More expensive than roller printing, printing, than roller expensive More . . It is easily welded or bolted, and can be obtained in is easily welded It . . It is easily welded, bolted and threaded, and is bolted and threaded, is easily welded, It . It is heavy and functional It . . . It is usually measured as the change (in inches) per inch of is usually measured It . By being added during the liquid state, the pigment becomes an integral state, the pigment becomes an integral being added during the liquid By . Certain areas of the screen onto the fabric by a squeegee to form the pattern to form a squeegee by the fabric onto of the screen Certain areas Graphic application method capable of printing great detail and color great capable of printing application method Graphic . . . Steel tubing is similar to steel pipe, but available in a range of wall thickness and shapes, tubing is similar to steel pipe, but available Steel This material can be characterized as a relatively thick, round section of mild steel, with thick, round as a relatively This material can be characterized The measure of the change in size of shape of a body under stress, compared of shape of a body under stress, of the change in size The measure The fabric is stapled into “slot” built into specially designed framing The fabric is stapled into “slot” Hand painting made sophisticated as it can achieve color blending or shading plus as it can achieve painting made sophisticated Hand stainless than regular that is made more As the name implies, this is a special steel alloy The process in which the color (pigment) is added to the liquid “solution” prior color (pigment) is added to the liquid “solution” in which the The process Force that causes a body to shift away from the acting force where it is not supported it is where force the acting that causes a body to shift away from Force These are earthquakes or earth tremor loads earthquakes or earth tremor These are Stress higher strengths than steel pipe higher strengths including round, square and rectangular square including round, Steel Tubing Tubing Steel adaptable to many shop environments manufactured foot lengths up to 24’-0” manufactured Steel Pipe Pipe Steel to its original size or shape to its original size length Strain covered with strips of vinyl trim covered Staple on Extrusions on Staple There are many grades of stainless steel, the more common being #304 and #316 common being #304 and many grades of stainless steel, the more are There castings and #316 for investment forms, commonly used for wire steel, due to higher concentrations of chromium and nickel steel, due to higher concentrations of chromium Stainless Steel Stainless sharper edges by spraying inks on fabric sharper edges by Spray-painting or air brushing Spray-painting to fiber formation UV resistance improved in partresulting of the fiber (inherent) Solution DyedSolution Shear Seismic Load Seismic more delicate designs, often and more yardage but for limited economical is employed in the pattern used for each color are screens Separate 30 All About Awnings •• www.awninginfo.com www.awninginfo.com Weft Yarns belts, headbands,etc Webbing weft thread over thewarpthread insequence,thenreverses forthenextrow ofthreads Weave effects ofwaterrepellent finishesdoesnotclosethepores ofacloth Water Repellent Finish water penetrationandleakage the fabricmayendure” Practices Act “unless tothepassageofanywatersolongas theproduct shallbeimpervious Waterproof woven orwarpknittedfabric Warp Yarns UV Resistance ual anduniformly appliedload Ultimate Strength Top Coating and filling Tongue Tear Substrate The yarns crosswise ofthewarpyarns thatrun inwarpknitting A sturdy fabricwoven innarrow widthsforusewhere strength isrequired asforseat The configurationofthreads perpendiculartooneanother running A finisheitherdurable,appliedtoclothwhichmakesitrelatively tothe impervious The useoftheterm inrelation totreated cottonducksisprohibited by theFair Trade The yarns lengthwiseandparalleltothesalvage inthemachinedirection thatruns ofa Ability to retain strength andresist deteriorationduetoonfrom exposure tosunlight The maximumstrength underwhichanawningmaterialiscapableofsustainingagrad The coatingintendedforthefront, sideortopofafabricmembrane offabricswhereThis isaproperty amachinewilltearstripoffabricacross thewarp towhichanawningframeisattached The surface The force-per-unit area . The resulting tothisismeasured effort inpounds . . Water Resistant istheproper designationforclothstreated toresist . . . . . Asubstratealsoisabasefabric . . . . Aplainweave places .

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. . . . Where dynamic loading may occur, the recom dynamic loading may occur, Where . . It is applied to new rope in good condition with appropriate in good condition with appropriate splices is applied to new rope It . . Fabric composed of at least two sets of yarns; sone warp (longitudinal) and one filling sone warp (longitudinal) composed of at least two sets of yarns; Fabric Working Load (Or working strength) is the weight in pounds that is recommended for for pounds that is recommended in is the weight strength) working Load (Or Working The property of a fiber that allows moisture to move rapidly along the fiber surface rapidly along and to move moisture The property that allows of a fiber A phenomenon that occurs when moisture accumulates at the edge of a fabric where sub where accumulates at the edge of a fabric when moisture A phenomenon that occurs A tape or covered cord sewn into a seam as a reinforcement or trimming seam as a reinforcement sewn into a cord A tape or covered A strip of material seamed to a pocket opening as a finishing and a fabric opening as a finishing seamed to a pocket A strip of material (crosswise), laced at right angles to each other (crosswise), Woven Fabric Woven mended working load should be adjusted accordingly mended working safe working conditions safe working serviceand only under normal conditions strate yarns may be exposed, or in sewn seams where threads come in threads or in sewn seams where may be exposed, strate yarns Load Working pass quickly through the fabric the pass quickly through Wickability contact with the substrate and moister is absorbed into a fabric contact with the substrate Wicking Welt Cord Welt strengthening device strengthening Welt All About Awnings • www.awninginfo.com Fax: 9549425555 866 9423600 954 9423600 Pompano Beach,FL33069 Fax 2166968202 216 6962820 Cleveland, OH44113-5303 Fax: 7048780572 800 4388151 704 8728151 Statesville, NC28687-0791 Web site:www E-mail: sales@ferraritextiles 1500 S Ferrari Textiles Corp. Web site:www E-mail: marketing@johnboyle P Road1803 Salisbury John Boyle&Co.Inc. Web site:www E-mail: astrupsales@astrup 2937 W The AstrupCo. . O . Box 791 Thank youtothefollowingcompanies . W . 25thSt . for theprintingofthispublication 5thCourt

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e-mail [email protected] www.awninginfo.com. 1801 CountyRd.BW.

fax +1651631 9334 Fax 3365861169 336 2212211 Glen Raven, NC27217-1100 Web site:www E-mail: customercare@herculite Fax: 7177645211 800 7720036 717 7641192 Emigsville, PA 17318 Box 435,PA 17318 and itsdivisionsWeblon andMeridian Herculite Products Inc. Web sitewww E-mail sapple@glenraven 1831 N Custom FabricsLLC Glen Raven Web site:www E-mail: recasens Fax: 2158443583 888 8666870 215 8443582 Philadelphia, PA 19129 3684 Stanton Street Recasens USA . Park Ave . sunbrella . . ® herculite recasens . textiles@verizon .

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