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Amphibian and Reptile Records from Around the Betsiboka Delta Area in North-Western Madagascar

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Amphibian and Reptile Records from Around the Betsiboka Delta Area in North-Western Madagascar Herpetology Notes, volume 8: 535-543 (2015) (published online on 24 November 2015) Amphibian and reptile records from around the Betsiboka delta area in North-Western Madagascar Andolalao Rakotoarison1, 2,*, Jesse Erens1, 3, Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina2 and Miguel Vences1 Abstract. This study summarises amphibian and reptile records from ad hoc surveys in a series of localities in the North-West of Madagascar, largely centred on the delta of the Betsiboka River. Eleven amphibian and approximately 32 reptile species were found, with taxonomic uncertainties remaining for some of them. Among the most relevant findings, we report on range extensions northwards of Aglyptodactylus laticeps (verified by DNA sequencing), and of an enigmatic skink of the Trachylepis aureopunctata group, possibly close to T. dumasi, T. tandrefana, or T. volamenaloha. We furthermore provide anecdotal information on habitat and natural history of several rare and regionally endemic burrowing skinks, i.e., Voeltzkowia mira, V. yamagishii, and Pygomeles petteri. Key words: Range extension, Aglyptodactylus laticeps, Trachylepis sp. aff. dumasi, natural history, Voeltzkowia mira, Pygomeles petteri. Introduction 2007) and species delimitation has been improved by comprehensive molecular data sets (Vieites et al., 2009; In hyperdiverse tropical faunas of amphibians and Nagy et al., 2012; Perl et al., 2014), the knowledge reptiles, the biology and population dynamics of the of some regions and taxa remains scarce. The dry to vast majority of species remains poorly known, and subarid regions in the South-West, West and North- information on their spatial occurrence becomes West (regions according to Boumans et al. 2007) paramount for their conservation. In Madagascar, Red contain numerous such poorly accessible and poorly List assessments (Andreone et al., 2005; Jenkins, 2015) explored sites, but at the same time are characterized by and reserve planning (Kremen et al., 2008) are largely high rates of habitat destruction (Waeber et al., 2015). relying on the extent of geographical occurrence of Herpetofauna survey work in Madagascar has been species. A proper knowledge of distribution ranges is rather intensive over the past two decades (D’Cruze also crucial for biogeographic inference and analysis of et al., 2009), and has included numerous sites in the speciation mechanisms (e.g., Goodman & Ganzhorn, dry habitats of the island (e.g., Raxworthy et al. 1994; 2004; Vences et al., 2009; Brown et al., 2014). Goodman et al., 1997; Ramanamanjato & Rabibisoa, Although the herpetofaunal diversity of Madagascar 2002; Raselimanana, 2004, D’Cruze et al., 2007; has been relatively well documented (Glaw & Vences, Bora et al., 2010). A particular increase in knowledge came from the recent comprehensive accounts of Raselimanana (2008). During recent fieldwork in the North-West of Madagascar we recorded numerous species of 1Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, amphibians and reptiles from various sites, some of Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany which had not been surveyed so far. Our records 2Département de Biologie Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, were made ad hoc, without standardized survey BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar 3Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB methodology, and were the result of search efforts Wageningen, The Netherlands conducted in addition to or as part of surveys aimed * Corresponding author: [email protected] at finding regionally endemic species of burrowing 536 Andolalao Rakotoarison et al. skinks. We here summarize the survey results, including 2. Ankarafantsika National Park (-16.31783, 46.81434, some range extensions, and include observations on 133 m a.s.l.). Surveyed on 7 January 2012 and from the natural history of some poorly known species, in 19–20 December 2012. Crossed by the National particular the fossorial skinks that were the main target Road 4 connecting Antananarivo and Mahajanga, of the fieldwork. Ankarafantsika is located 115 km from the city of Mahajanga and 454 km from Antananarivo. The park Study sites is bounded on the east by the river Mahajamba and on the west by the river Betsiboka. Ankarafantsika forest is Amphibian and reptile surveys were conducted one of the last remaining dense dry deciduous forests of across eight locations largely centred on the delta the West of Madagascar (Waeber et al., 2015) (Fig. 2b). of the Betsiboka river (Fig. 1). According to the Surveys were conducted on a small trail between the biogeographical zonation of Boumans et al. (2007) and “campement des chercheurs” and the Jardin Botanique Glaw & Vences (2007), the following sites are all in the A (JBA) as well as within the JBA itself. North-West and West regions of Madagascar and are mainly characterised by deciduous dry forest. Survey 3. Antsanitia (-15.57716, 46.43378, 6 m a.s.l.). Surveyed work took place between 7 January 2012 and 4 January from 22–23 December 2012. Antsanitia is located 25 2013 for periods of 1 to 5 days. km north-east of Mahajanga. The study site was an old cassava plantation partially converted to a place of 1. Plateau of Bongolava (-15.6471, 47.5831, 200 m residence. The area is characterised by sandy soils amidst a.s.l.). Surveyed from 10–14 February 2012. The study relictual deciduous dry forest vegetation (Fig. 2a). site was located about five km west of the village of Marosely, which itself is approximately 15 km south- 4. Boanamary (-15.83102, 46.30732, altitude not west of Port Bergé and on the Plateau of Bongolava. recorded). Surveyed on 24 December 2012. The study The area is characterised by deciduous dry forest and site was an extended sandy area close to the sea, with a sandy soils (Miralles et al., 2012). relict mangrove forest. Figure 1. (A) Location of the study area in North-Western Madagascar, and (B) location of study sites: (1) Plateau of Bongolava (2) Ankarafantsika National Park; (3) Antsanitia; (4) Boanamary; (5) Betsako; (6) Mariarano; (7) Mitsinjo; (8) Ankiririka Katsepy. (Modified from Google Earth, 2013). Amphibian and reptile records from around the Betsiboka delta area, Madagascar 537 Figure 2. Surveyed sites around the Betsiboka delta in North-Western Madagascar. (a) Antsanitia (22 December 2012); (b) Ankarafantsika (July 2013); (c) Boanamary (24 December 2012); (d) Mitsinjo (3 January 2013). 538 Andolalao Rakotoarison et al. 1TableTable 1. 1Summary. Summary of of amphibian amphibian records records from surveyedfrom surveyed sites in northwestern sites in northwestern Madagascar. Madagascar. Plateau of Bongolava Ankarafantsika Antsanitia Boanamary Betsako Mariarano Mitsinjo Ankiririka Katsepy AMPHIBIA Microhylidae Dyscophus insularis + + + Scaphiophryne sp. aff. calcarata + Stumpffia cf. analamaina + Mantellidae Aglyptodactylus laticeps + Blommersia wittei + + Boophis doulioti + Laliostoma labrosum + + + Mantella betsileo + + Heterixalus luteostriatus + + Ptychadenidae Ptychadena mascareniensis + + Dicroglossidae Hoplobatrachus tigerinus + Total 5 4 0 0 0 1 9 0 2 3 45. Betsako (-15.65438, 46.51374, 29 m a.s.l). Surveyed field numbers (Zoological Collection Miguel Vences). 5on 26 December 2012. The study site was an extended Upon completion of their taxonomic study, they will 6sandy area near the river Mahamavo. be deposited in the collections of UADBA (Université d’Antananarivo, Departement de Biologie Animale, 7 6. Mariarano (-15.49341, 46.69323, altitude not Madagascar), and ZSM (Zoologische Staatssammlung 8 recorded). Surveyed from 27-28 December 2012. München, Germany). Mariarano forest is part of an unprotected forest block in From selected species, a fragment of the mitochondrial the North-West of Madagascar, about 50 km north-east 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using standard methods of Mahajanga. The few remaining patches of deciduous (e.g., Vieites et al., 2009) and compared to an existing forest are no larger than 800 ha and under intense database of DNA sequences of Malagasy amphibians anthropogenic pressure (Evans et al., 2013). and reptiles in order to verify species identification. Newly determined DNA sequences were submitted to 7. Mitsinjo (-16.04848, 45.79003, 44 m a.s.l). Surveyed Genbank (accession numbers KR025899–KR025915). from 2-4 January 2013, the study site was located within a newly protected area managed by the organisation Results and Discussion Asity Madagascar. Locally known as Analamanitra, Altogether, a total of 11 amphibian and approximately the site is part of the larger Tsiombikibo forest in the 32 reptile species (Tables 1, 2) were identified across the Mahavavy-Kinkony Wetland Complex. Analamanitra eight study sites around the Betsiboka delta area. Most of consists of highly fragmented dense dry deciduous forest these were representatives of the typical regional fauna affected by anthropogenic activities such as lemur and as characterised in previous surveys and monographs bushpig traps. Several sites were visited during diurnal (Ramanamanjato & Rabibisoa, 2002; Raselimanana, and nocturnal opportunistic searches. 2008; Glaw & Vences, 2007). In a few cases the taxonomy of the encountered specimens requires 8. Ankiririka Katsepy (-15.71289, 46.21650, 18 m further confirmation. For instance, the miniaturised a.s.l). Surveyed on 4 January 2013. The study site microhylid frogs of the genus Stumpffia occurring was a very small littoral forest with moderately open in Ankarafantsika, according to our preliminary data canopy and no remaining big trees, situated on a steep (to be published elsewhere), probably
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