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A Flora Survey of the Proposed Beaconsfield

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A Flora Survey of the Proposed Beaconsfield A FLORASURVEY OF THE PROPOSED BEACONSFIELDREFUSE SITE Phil Barker March1992 TECHNICALREPORT 19921 1 QUEENVICTORIA MUSEUM AND ART GALLERY LAUNCESTON 1 Summaryand Recommendations Onehundred and nine species were recorded ftom 74 genera in 42 families. The vegetationwas found to be essentiallyhomogeneous shrubby Eucalyptus amygdalina woodlandand openforesl, except lor smallareas of lreelessheaths and verylocalized wet scrub.The shrubs are those species typical ol lownutrient sites, being essentially heaths. Degradationof the ecosysystemby evidentrepeated fires has probablyresulted in the increasedrepresentation o{sedges and bracken {ern throughout the area. Largeareas degraded by gravelremoval appear to be recoveringvery slowly,as may be exoectedon a lownutrient site. All oi the communitiesdescribed are considered to be wellreserved within the statessecure conservationreserves. Twospecies of conservalionsignificance were recorded. Brunoniaaustralis is recordedas unreservedand vulnerable (Kirkpatrick et a/. 1990),however, thespecies may be morewidespread than previously thought (F. Duncan, pers. comm.) Xanthorrhoeabracteata is recordedin Kirkpatrickel a/.(1990) as occurringin lessthan 20 10 X 10km mappinggrids, and as suchis consideredrare. The type specimen was recorded at Port Dalrympleand the speciesis found in heathsin northand easternTasmania, notably WaterhouseProtected Area. This areais not consideredas securetenure for conservation purposes.The speciesextends south to Hobartbut is of limitedabundance. Most quadrats containingthe speciesin thissurvey occur in the 500m bu{feralong the western edge in the Eucalyptusobliqualoresl but also at site23 in thesouth-east of thesurveyed area. Statewide, all remnantvegetation has conservation value. In the caseof somevegetation typesthat are notconsidered to be economicallyproductive they are often targeted for use as relusetips, or attemptsare made to transJormthem into more productive land by draining, filling or fertilizing.These types of vegetationare usuallyswampy or heathyand are similarto the vegetationin the presentstudy. However, as thissite has been chosen by a selectionprocess ultimatelyexcluding several others, and is quiteseverely degraded, it is notconsidered to be of highconservation value and as such is appropriatefor a relusesite. lt is recommended, however,thal the moorlandsites in the northare protected from regular intentional burning and thatground water quality is maintainedto avoidbolh direct toxic elfects on thevegetation and indirecttoxic effects due to nutrificationol the qround water from refuse leachates. 2 Inlroduction It.isproposed that the. Beaconsfleld council will apply to theSlate Government for tenure of parl of a gravel r.eservebetween Town Road, wesi Arm Road and lhe Tamar Highwayriear Beaqonsfield(figure 1). Thecouncil intends to usea siteof 65 hawithin this reservdas a'refuse tlp. lhe sitewas surveyed for its botanical and conservation values lo ascertainwhether or not anysuch values clashed with the proposed use of thesile. Thegeology of thestudy site has been delermined by the Beaconsfieldcouncil's geologist (J. Farrellpers. coj.nm.). In generallerms, it is predominantlyTertiary partially cbnsoiidateO conglomerate.There are limited areas of Quaternaryalluvial deposits in iowlying areas and a smallarea of Permianmudstone and pebbly siltstone-in lhe northleastof thestuov area. Theclimate is warmhumid (Genlilli .1972). Methods The vegetation,in the area was sampledalong walkinglransects across lhe site al approximately200 m intervals.Species were recorded lrom a quadratof approximately400 mz every,200m alongeach transect. Additio-nal quadrals were sampled where iommunitlchanges wouldotherwise have been missed. All additionalspecies noiiced along the trans'ectsw-ere recorded. Thequadrat data were cJassifled by referenceto exislingcommunity classif ications, in this case Duncanand Brown (1985) and Jarman etal. (1988). Figure2. A contourmap of the proposed65 ha quadrats. tipsite,and the distributionof the survey . 200m Keyto vegetatlonmap. SclerophylI foresUwood land ShrubbyEucalyptus amygdalina dry sclerophyllforesVwoodland ffi ShrubbyEucalyptus obliqua dry sclerophyllforest ffi SedgeyEucalyptus obliqua damp forest m Moorland/heath l-D:t EasternWootly Tea-Tree r=1 Lowlandeastern sedgey ffi Melaleucasquarrosa tall heath rl:-l Gravelpits t:] Figure3. A vegetationmap of the 65 ha tip site. CommunitydescriPtions 1. Shrubby/sedgey Eucatyptus amygdatina open forest and woodtand Thiscommunity -in" covers the largesl -ro" area of anycommunity in the study.area- There is variation *liriin lori-1munitydue di{ferencesin drainageattributable to slope position' The dif{erencesdo notwarrant separate classification. ln ihe main,the community is dominated by OccasionallyEuc.alyPtus. E;;;iy;tut-ir/_gaqi1i, .*iti' nttocasuarinalittoralis subdominant. obt6iA and or i5. viminalisare co-dominantwhere drainage has enriched the nutrientstatus of lowerslope positions. Smalltrees include sparse Exocarpus cupressiformis and morecommonly Banksia marginata. Snrub soecies includesparsety lcatter6d Leucopogonaustralis 9nd Leptomeriadrupacea Oominatihosmaller shrutjs suih as Leucopogoncollinus, L. ericoides,Lpacrs tmpressa' "a;iiiiiii"""ii"i,i iiniiiia ripariaand XAnthosia pitosa. Le-sscommon..species include Ampereaxiphoctada, Lomatia tinctoria, Persoonia iuniperina and Ptmeleanumttts. On the driersites the prostratespecres are.more frequent and cover greater than 20'k ol lhe oround area. The drostratesbecies include Astrbloma humifusum, Acrotriche serrulata, ilnOiytii iirpyttifoi1aZiA etatylobiunobtusang.ulum. On mid slopeand lowerslope positions in"-i.ilf sfiiubs are mor;'important. Heibs are rare with only Goodenialanata a d Gonocarpushumills occuring with any regularity. Le}idosoermaconcavum is the mostabundant taxon but is lowerthan the .predominantshrub h-;io[i-blh.aronocots areconspicuous throughout the community. Other lhan Lepidosperma. ,n6n'eniinartl-disiichopitylta, is ubiquitous,the distribution o{ othergenera.is parcny. Dianel/aspp.' Gahniaraduta' Lomandratongifotia-and Xaithorrhea spp. are each importantin differentparts of thelandscape. Theeffects ol frequentburning may be evidentin a numberof featuresof thevegetation' The rarifvo{ herbsin tnrscommunlty m'ay be suchan indication.Pteridium esculentu.m, a species ;?i;i 6;;;r;; ov orining,is abundantin some areas and shrub diversity declines in association withit. In other'areas,tie eucalyptcanopy diminishes to an emergentwoodland cover over a to* riO-Oensecouer oi eioiasudiina titto'ratis.This species is alsofavoured by repeatedfires. 2. ShrubbyEucalyptus obliquaopen forest This is the second-gieitermost extensive community -overin the studyarea. _ lt differslrom the lirst doesnol cJr*rnii/in abundance_ofE. obliqua E. amygdalina.]!1s,991munity haveas manylrostrateshrubs. The position. of thecommunity seems to indlcatea prelerence io1itightty eiriched areas due lo caienainfluences, and the communityalso occurs on the sillsloieqravels in lhe westof thestudy area. The siltstone gravels are also likely to be richer thanthe duartz qravels. Much of thiscommunity has been recenlly burnt but resproUlng planls init werej reco"rdedindicated a similar smdll shrub flora to lhe E. amygdalinalorest Xanthorrhoeabracteatawas conspicuous along the low ridges. 3. Eucalyptusobl,qua damP forest ln occasionaland limited areas of restricteddrainage, narrow ecotones support Gah nia grandis, Notetaealigustrina, Melateica ericifolia, Leptolpermum scoparium,, Acacia melanoxylon' Blechnum"wattsii and Lepidospermaelatius. These areas may also be dominatedby Eiia,iyptusoOiiqua and E.'viniiatls but are generallytoo smallto escapethe influenceof the su"o,i,{OingshrinUy e. obliquacommunity. in someareas -Leptospermum scopariun forms a scrubwiih large tussocks'ol Gahnia bui in othersthe cover-is open and the groundlayer is dominatedby the sedges 5 Moorland 4. EasternWoolly Tea-Tree heath (Jarman et a/.19BB) This communityis very reslricledin lhe studyarea (Figure3). The communityoccupies depressionsin the landscapewhere ground water is nearor at the surfaceduring late winter andspring (J. Farrell, pers. comm.). Leptospermum lanigerum is thedominant species at upto 2 m tall allhoughHakea teretifolia and Melaleucasquarrosa are less frequentco-dominanls. The shrubsEpacris lanuginosa and Sprengeliaincarnata are distributedin limitedgaps in betweenlow tussocksol Gymnoschoenussphaerocephalus which have a crown diameter greaterthan 1 m. Other monocotsinclude Leptocarpus tenax, Empodisma minus, Restio complanatus,Patersonia fragilis and Gahniagrandis. Gleicheniadicarpa is commonbetween lhe tussocksoI Gymnoschoenussphaerocephalus. 5. Lowlandeastern sedgey moorland (Jarman et a/.19BB) Thiscommunity surrounds the woolly lea-tree community as an ecotoneto the drysclerophyll Jorest. Eucalyptusamygdalina is a sparse dominantand may be adventivelrom the surroundingcommunity. Hakeateretifolia and Banksiamarginata are more regularin an emergentshrub layer. Lepidospermafiliforme and L. concavumare abundanlin the same stratumas Leptocarpustenax, Xyris operculata,Empodisma minus, Restio complanatusand Schoenustenuissirius which are pres'entin roughlyequal proportions.The lris Patersonia fragilis,and the Iily, Thelionemacaespitosum are moresparsely scattered. Pultenaea stricta, Hibbeftiaripaia andEpacris lanuginosa are the mostcommon small shrubs. Otherswhich are sparselyscaltered throughoul are Acacia myrtifolia,Epacris impressa, Dillwynia glabberima, D. sericeaand
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