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Pueblos Indigenas Inglés.P65 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES their forests, struggles and rights General Coordination: Ricardo Carrere WRM Bulletin Research and Editing: Raquel Núñez Translation: Sylvia Falcao - Elena De Munno Edited by: Hersilia Fonseca Cover design: Flavio Pazos © World Rainforest Movement International Secretariat Maldonado 1858, Montevideo, Uruguay ph: +598 2 413 2989, fax: +598 2 410 0985 e-mail: [email protected] web site: http://www.wrm.org.uy European office 1c Fosseway Business Centre, Stratford Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, GL56 9NQ, United Kingdom ph: +44.1608.652.893, fax: +44.1608.652.878 e-mail: [email protected] This publication is also available in Spanish and French The contents of this publication can be reproduced totally or partially without prior authorization. However, the World Rainforest Movement should be duly accredited and notified of any reproduction. Published in December 2005 ISBN: The elaboration of this publication contents was made possible with su- pport fromNOVIB (The Netherlands) and from the Swedish Society for Na- ture Conservation. This book has been prepared with the financial support of the Rainforest Programme of the Netherlands Committee for IUCN (NC-IUCN/TRP). The viewsexpressed, the information and material presented, and the geogra- phical and geopolitical designations used in this product only imply the exclusive opinion of the authors. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES their forests, struggles and rights World Rainforest Movement CONTENTS ABOUT THIS BOOK ...................................................................... INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ I) INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ............................................................ GENERAL ARTICLES .................................................................... - Those who protect the forest .................................................. - Capturing Carbon: Dilemmas for Forest Peoples .................... - The need to listen to and learn from local communities .......... - Forest peoples: A ray of hope ................................................. - Stopping human rights abuses is key to solving forest crisis ............................................................................ - Indigenous Peoples: Guardians of the forests ......................... - Wilderness Parks or Community conservation?...................... - Indigenous Peoples and climate negotiations ......................... - Community View from UNFF: Interview with Freddy Molina, ACICAFOC ................................................................ AFRICA - Cameroon: Bagyeli struggling to be heard .............................. - Kenya: Indigenous group faces October 1 Court date ............. - Rwanda: Dispossessed Twa people press for recognition ....... - Uganda: The Batwa organize to reassert their rights............... AMERICA - Guyana: Empowerment of indigenous peoples through participatory mapping ............................................................. - Peru: Camisea gas project undermines the rights of indigenous peoples ................................................................ - Suriname: Chinese logging companies and tribal rights .......... - Venezuela: Mapping a way forward ......................................... ASIA - Indonesia: The struggle for self-governance - Laos: The impact of the Nam Theun 2 dam on indigenous peoples .................................................................................. - Philippines: Indigenous peoples and the Convention on Biological Diversity ................................................................. - Russia: Mapping Evenki lands in Central Siberia .................... II) INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN VOLUNTARY ISOLATION INTRODUCTION - The Indigenous peoples’ right to live in voluntary isolation ....... AFRICA - Cameroon: Does isolation still protect forest communities? .... - Congo: The Northern Mbendjele Yaka use avoidance to maintain autonomy ................................................................. AMERICA - After the rubber boom ............................................................. - Argentina: The silent genocide of the Mbya Guarani ............... - Brazil: Indigenous peoples in isolation and policies to defend and protect them .................................................................... - Colombia: The Nukak, the last contacted nomadic people ..... - Ecuador: The Huaorani people of the Amazonia, self-isolation and forced contact ................................................................. - Paraguay: The last Ayoreo in voluntary isolation ..................... - Peru: Policy development for indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation ................................................................................. ASIA - India: Wave of poaching and exploitation hits isolated tribes... - Indonesia: The Baduy people of western Java, a living tradition ...................................................................... CASES OF IMPOSED CONTACTS - ‘La Fumée du Metal’: The health impacts of contact............... - Central Africa: Land loss and cultural degradation for the Twa of the Great Lakes........................................................... - India: The sedentarisation of the Malapantaram in Kerala ....... - Papua New Guinea: First contact in a clash of world views .... III) RELATED ARTICLES - The Mumbai – Porto Alegre Forest Initiative, 2005 .................. - Closing Statement of the International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity............................................................. - Tiohtiá:ke Declaration - The Vth World Parks Congress: Parks for people or parks for business?.......................................................................... - The GEF and Indigenous peoples: some findings of a recent critical study .......................................................................... REFERENCES ............................................................................... 8 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES their forests, struggles and rights INDIGENOUS PEOPLES their forests, struggles and rights 9 ABOUT THIS BOOK This book gathers articles published in the monthly electronic bulletin of the World Rainforest Movement (WRM) regarding indigenous peoples and their struggles in defence of the forest. These peoples are the guardians of the forest and none are more interested than they in ensuring the conservation of the forests that have been their home, an integral part of their culture and the source of their livelihood. In the book, the major issues of indigenous peoples still living in voluntary isolation are highlighted as a way of contributing to the protection of their rights. Most of these articles have been written in close collaboration with the Forest Peoples Programme, with indigenous peoples’ organizations and other people and members of organizations defending indigenous peoples’ rights. The level of detail and analysis in the articles varies considerably due to the nature of the bulletin. Independently from the authorship of the articles, these reflect the hopes and struggle of the indigenous peoples themselves and the importance of external collaboration in the achievement of their objectives. We hope that this book will provide an input and a tool to enable more people and organizations concerned with forest conservation to understand the fundamental role the indigenous peoples play in this respect and thus increase their support in defence of these peoples’ right to continue as guardians of the forest. We have included in the References the numerous sources of information that the various articles were based on. Those interested in accessing them can also do so through our web page, entering through the “bulletin” area and looking up the year and month corresponding to the article in question. The responsibility for this publication is shared between the editor of the bulletin, Ricardo Carrere (WRM international coordinator) and the many people and institutions that provided articles or relevant information for the preparation of the articles. Responsibility for any errors is entirely that of WRM. 10 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES their forests, struggles and rights INTRODUCTION Pak Nazarius looked old but determined in the flickering torch light. Hunkered down against the wall of the Dayak longhouse in the Upper Mahakam river of east Kalimantan in the heart of Borneo, he was explaining his ideas to a community workshop. “In my community our understanding is that we have rights to our land and the natural resources both above and below the land. Everything up to sky belongs to us. Several laws and policies have classified our forests as State forests and the minerals as property of the State. We don’t see it like that. I have hair on my arm, on my skin. Both are mine. I also own the flesh and bones beneath. They are also mine. No one has the right to take me apart. But the policy has cut these things apart and thus has cut us into pieces. We want the land back whole”. The community, whose lands had been taken over by a plantation company, was examining how they could regain control of the forests that they saw as rightfully theirs, but which the State had handed out to a trans-national corporation. The discussion is just one example of a worldwide movement of indigenous peoples seeking to reclaim their rights to their ancestral lands and jurisdictions. Facilitated by international communications, networks and supportive NGOs, indigenous peoples in Central Siberia, the Amazon Basin, the Congo,
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