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In This Edition: Page Page  Portarlington Mussel Festival 2  Australia Day 1788 20  Edward John Eyre 4  No Mixed Bathing! 22  The Suburb of St Albans 6  The Night Market 24  Geelong Birds 8  Johnny Depp 26  Guy Pearce 10  Recipe—Creamy Tuna Pasta 28  Jet Lag 12  Word Search—Kids Games 29  New Years Day 14  Endangered! Rock Wallaby 30  The Gregorian Calendar 15  150 Years Ago 31  Indented Head—Part 2 16  Then… & Now 32  The Grand Canyon 18

The Portarlington Mussel Festival is held on the 2nd Saturday in January every year in the picturesque village of Portar- lington on the Bellarine Peninsula. The date for this year falls on January 12. Since its inception in 2007, the festival has grown in size every year, and now attracts around 20,000 people. Initially established to promote the Portarlington Mussel Industry, the festival now boasts a full day of activities....including: Live entertainment Kids activities Cooking demonstrations Art & Photo exhibitions

Vintage car displays Mussels can live Food and wine producers up to 50 years, although cultured Products to try and buy mussels are usually In 1835 when John Batman first sailed into harvested for Port Phillip Bay, he landed at Indented Head eating after 28 and started to explore the surrounds. He was months. very keen to make contact with the local aborigines, and set off on foot to find them. The 2

It is a fallacy that mussels that don’t open should be thrown away. It just means they need to be cooked a little longer and they are SUPER fresh! Enjoy!

first sign of contact was when they came across a rough shelter with empty mussel shells scattered about—the local aborigines had already discovered the abundant growth of mussels in the bay, and regularly feasted on them! While those of European descent had enjoyed eating shellfish, including mussels for many centuries, the local industry was slow to get going. Starting with a small handful of farmers in 1982, the industry now boasts over 20 growers in the Port Phillip Bay area. Most commonly grown are the tasty blue mussels which are sweet in flavour, high in protein and low in fat. The mussel industry is very labour intensive with much of the work very dependent on fine weather. Weather permitting the boats can run 7 days a week doing spat collections, socking, and harvesting. Why not come over to Portarlington on January 12, and join in the fun!

Mussels are one of the least expensive sea- foods, are extremely versatile and easy to prepare – making them ideal for an economical tasty meal!

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Edward John Eyre became one of Australia’s greatest explor- ers. Born on August 5, 1815 in Bedfordshire, England, he was the third son of vicar Anthony Eyre and his wife Sarah. After initially toying with the idea of joining the army, at 17 years of age he took his father’s advice and immigrated to Australia. Arriving in Sydney on March 20, 1833, he saw few opportunities in the town, so he moved to the Hunter River district, There he gained colonial experience in sheep and cattle management, buying 400 of his own sheep soon after. In 1834 Eyre took up 1260 acres (510ha) at Molonglo Plains, near Queanbeyan. The following year, in partnership with Robert Campbell, he overlanded 3000 sheep from the Liverpool Plains to Molonglo. Eyre obviously enjoyed the experi- ence, and decided to change his main occupation from sheep farmer to that of a drover. In January 1837 he went to Sydney where he met Charles Sturt and raised money to transport stock overland to the Port Phillip District (Melbourne). Eyre assembled 78 cattle, 414 sheep, oxen and horses and on April 1 set out, arriving on August 2 in Melbourne where he sold his stock at a good profit.* By October Eyre was back in Sydney, 'most anxious to be the first to arrive in South Australia overland from Sydney.' He assembled an expedition and 300 cattle at Limestone Plains (near Parkes in central NSW), and set out for Adelaide on January 3, 1838. On January 15 he was joined by his overseer, John Baxter, who accompanied Eyre on his expeditions for the next three years. After a short stay in Adelaide he returned to Sydney, and by October was on his way to Adelaide again with 1000 sheep and 600 cattle which, after a journey of fourteen weeks he offered for sale in Adelaide. This resulted in a profit of £4,000, half of which was his. Eyre then purchased an acre of land in Adelaide and built a cottage, but by May 1839 he was on the move again. He was still only 23 years of age! This time he explored the area to the north of Adelaide as far as the Flinders Ranges, hoping to sight the expected inland sea (which of course, does not exist). He then travelled around Spencers Gulf as far as Port Lincoln, naming Lake Torrens and the Gawler Ranges on the way. While the route north looked barren and deso- late, Eyre now became determined to find a route to the west coast of Australia. In January 1840 Eyre and two companions took sheep and cattle by sea to King George Sound (Albany WA) and then drove them overland to the Swan River *Melbourne had been settled only 2 years earlier. This was one of the first overland expeditions to the new township. 4

The Eyre Highway is a highway settlement (now named Perth). He returned to linking Western Australia and Adelaide by ship, bringing with him an aboriginal South Australia via the man named Wylie. He found a committee had Nullarbor Plain. It was named been formed in Adelaide to examine the possibility after explorer Edward John of an overland route to Albany. Eyre offered to Eyre, who was the first to lead the expedition, and even paid half its costs. cross the Nullarbor by land. On June 18, 1840 Eyre left Adelaide, with six white men (including Baxter), two Aborigines, 13 horses, 40 sheep, and stores for three months. More supplies were shipped to Port Lincoln. After further exploration to the north, Eyre’s party eventually made it to Streaky Bay on November 3. Moving westward, Eyre established a supply depot at Fowler’s Bay and then made it to the top of the Bight. It was there that Eyre decided to send back most of the party, to speed up their pace. He continued on with Baxter, Wylie, and two other aborigines– Joey and Yarri. On the night of April 29, Joey and Yarri murdered Baxter and stole most of the supplies, including the guns. For over a month Eyre and Wylie struggled on to the west, until on June 2 at Thistle Cove (near Esperance) they sighted the French whaler Mississippi which picked them up and gave them several days hospitality and replenished their stores, for Eyre insisted on completing his overland journey to King George Sound. Moving on through heavy rains and cold weather, they reached Albany on July 7, 1841. Eyre returned to Adelaide in a whaling boat. For this incredible journey Eyre was awarded the founder's gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1847. Edward John Eyre went on to become a Protector of Aborigines, Lieutenant- Governor of New Zealand, Lieutenant-Governor of St Vincent in the West Indies, and, in 1861, acting Governor of Jamaica. It was there he brutally put down a native up-rising, which brought him much criticism. However, an official report by the British Government cleared him of any wrong-doing. He died on Novem- ber 30, 1901 in England, survived by his wife Adelaide, and their 5 children.

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The Early Years In 1865 St Albans was sectioned off and considered part of the Shire of Bellarine. However, before that it was included in the township of Geelong. The area was first settled by Geelong’s first two pioneering women, Anne Drysdale and Caroline Newcomb, who established their property, Boronggoop. As more free settlers came to the district in the 1850’s, land sub-divisions began. The people were very religious by nature, (in 1871, 42% of the residents in the area were identified as Wesleyans), who frowned on drinking alcohol. The small hamlet had its own Temperance Society, which met in the school hall until a separate hall was purchased and relocated to St Albans. Thus, when William Frazer applied for a licence for a hotel there in 1854 it came as no surprise that his application was refused, and no hotel appeared in subsequent years. Any liberal souls living in St Albans had to travel closer to the town centre to refresh themselves at the Black Swan or Breakwater hotels. The establishment of a meat works on the old Boronggoop run of Drysdale and Newcomb gave employment to settlers in the area for a short time, but by the 1860’s the area had become the property of John Lowe, MLC. After his death in 1867 his son Edwin built a boiling down works on the property which had soon produced 270 casks of tallow from 15,000 sheep. This process also provided cheap meat for the masses, with legs of mutton being sold at sixpence each and in many cases three for one shilling (10c). Although creating employment and a source of cheap meat for those living nearby, the smell coming from the open drain that ran down to the Barwon River was horrendous! In 1871 the Geelong Meat Preserving Company bought the property from Lowe. The enterprise employed about 100 men and boys on site, along with those bringing cattle and sheep from the country. However, as a result of high stock prices and trading difficulties, production ceased in 1874. (A bone mill established nearby met a similar fate in 1877.) The Geelong Meat Preserving Company property was offered for sale in August 1876, and the buyer was famous horse trainer James Wilson, who bought the 210 acres with the intention of enlarging his initial 200 acre training grounds. Wilson was already established at "the retired little village of St. Albans" at least as early as 1871. In 1873, he had built a circular racecourse 2.8km in circumference, "not to be equalled by any course with which we are acquainted in ," declared the Geelong Advertiser. At the same time Wilson replaced the "ancient" house with the St Albans Homestead. (see boxes on opposite page.) 6

James Wilson was one of the oldest and best-known racehorse owners and trainers in Australia back in the 1860-70’s. Born in Yorkshire, England, he came to Australia as a very young man, and settled near Geelong. As far back as 1850 he was well known in the hunting field with Pyke's In Banjo Paterson’s poem, The Hounds at Werribee. Subsequently he bought the St. man from Snowy River, he Albans Estate, on the Barwon River near Geelong, mentions that Pardon won ‘the and there established the famous St. Albans Stud. cup.’ The horse Pardon was Wilson was a great judge of horses. He was the first trained by James Wilson, but trainer to win the with a mare—in Paterson’s reference was not to 1876, when Briseis won the treble: Victoria Derby, Pardon winning the Melbourne Melbourne Cup, and Oaks. No filly has ever repeated Cup, as many readers assume. that performance, and it was not until 1895 that Rather, his reference was to the another mare (Auraria) won the Melbourne Cup. Presidents Cup, raced at Horses owned or trained by Mr. Wilson in the sixties Menindee, in outback New and seventies played a prominent part in many South Wales. Melbourne Cups. His horses also won nine Oaks Pardon’s greatest victory was Stakes, three Australia Cups, and the Caulfield Cup actually the Oaks Stakes (run in once during his productive years at Geelong. Melbourne in 1877). Wilson was involved in all sorts of sporting activities in Geelong: In 1877 he was president of the Imperial Football Club; in 1881 he was president of the Geelong Bicycle Club; in 1883 he was president of the Corio Fox Terrier Coursing Club and offered a paddock at St. Albans for meetings; in 1886 when he left for a visit to England, he was president of the Geelong Cricket and Football Club. With advancing years he sold St. Albans to Mr. John Crozier but he maintained his interest in horse racing to the end. He died in November 1917 and was buried at the Melbourne General Cemetery. St Albans Homestead at the end of The legendary Phar Lap stayed briefly Wilsons Road, is a single storey 30-roomed at St Albans Stud in 1930 on the eve of brick mansion, erected in 1873 for James his celebrated Melbourne Cup victory, Wilson. Melbourne architect James T. Conlan guarded closely to deter genuine designed the extensive homestead with an threats that had been made to kill him. elaborate cast iron veranda by Geelong found- ry men Humble & Co. There were additions to the homestead in 1875 and again in 1878. From horse training stud, to private home, to period restaurant, and now back to being a private home, the homestead is registered with the National Trust.

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Geelong Birds Little Lorikeet The Little Lorikeet is a green-coloured small bird with a red patch on the face and orange-yellow eyes. Swift in flight, when flushed from a tree the birds weave easily through treetops. However, flocks traveling long distances normally fly high on a direct course. It is a sociable species which usually lives in small flocks, and is the smallest of Australia’s lorikeets. Little Lorikeets are mainly found in dry, open forests and woodlands, where there are tall eucalypts, especially box-ironbark species including White Box and Yellow Box, where they feed in the canopy of flowering trees. Some- times Little Lorikeets can also be found in parkland and gardens in urban areas. The species feeds on flowers, especially on those that grow at the top of tall eucalyptus and paperbark trees. Often feeding together with other lorikeets, the birds form noisy mixed-species flocks. Through the noise made by other birds, the high-pitched, zit-zit screech of the Little Lorikeets can be heard quite well. When foraging for food, they are often difficult to spot, so their call is often the best indication that they are nearby. When feeding, Little Lorikeets are nimble and acrobatic, climbing through the foliage, and regularly hanging upside down to reach blossoms.

Black-Faced Cormorant The Black-faced Cormorant is the only Australian cormorant that does not appear at terrestrial wetlands, but is confined to inshore marine habitats. The species is found along many sections of coastline, where it breeds on rocky islands, building nests made from sea- weed and driftwood. The Black-faced Cormorants feed by diving to depths of up to 12 metres to catch small fish. They often roost in the company of other birds, particularly gulls and other cormorant species.

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The Black-faced Cormorant is found along the south- ern coasts of mainland Australia and Tasmania, and is common in Bass Straight. The birds visit coastal waters and congregate in large bays, deep inlets, on rocky headlands and islands. Black-faced Cormorants can also be seen at Geelong’s Eastern Beach, assembling on the diving floats inside the boardwalk. The Black-faced Cormorant breeds throughout the year in large groups on off-shore islands. The nest is always on the ground, made of seaweed and grass, sitting on bare rock. Black-faced Cormorants consume small fish, which they catch by diving from the surface of the water. After fishing, they sit with wings spread out, evidently to dry their non water–resistant feathers.

Magpie-lark The Magpie-lark can often be seen in parks, gardens and suburban streets, as well as farms and open areas of the bush. It has a distinct call, which sounds like “peewee” or “peewit”. This has led to the species’ informal name. The Magpie-lark is distinctively marked in black and white, with a thin off-white bill and pale iris eyes. The adult male has a white eyebrow and black face, while the adult female has an all white face with no white eyebrow. Frequently found in urban areas, Magpie-larks build hardy nests made from mud and rootlets. During the breeding season both male and female birds collect wet mud and build a bowl-shaped nest, which sits on a horizontal branch, located up to 20 metres above the ground. The nest is lined with feathers and grass. Both parent birds incubate the eggs and care for the chicks. Being mostly ground dwelling, the Magpie- lark can often be seen slowly searching for insects and earthworms in the soil, along with freshwater invertebrates in ponds. http://www.birdlife.org.au/search/birds

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Actor Guy Pearce spent most of his childhood growing up in Geelong. Pearce was born on October 5, 1967 in Cambridge- shire, England, the son of Anne Cocking and New Zealand-born air force test , Stuart Pearce. Stuart was offered a job as a test pilot for the Australian Air Force, so when Guy was three years old the family, including older sister Tracey, moved to Geelong, where Anne established a deer farm. Sadly, when Guy was nine years of age his father died in a test-flight accident. His sister Tracey, has Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects both intellectual and physical development. Growing up with her had a powerful influence on Guy, helping him remain humble, and also value his private life. GSODA Junior Players. Guy attended The Geelong and was a member of the GSODA Junior Players (see The GSODA Junior Players have been box). He starred in several productions. When performing for the public of Geelong he was 17 years of age he auditioned for his since 1965 and is Geelong’s premier first film role, Life and Study at University, a Youth Theatre Company. The company promotion for University study, produced and comprises young people aged between directed by Peter Lane at Deakin University. 10 and 17 years. The lead part called for a 23-year-old Universi- The group performs two musical ty student. At first Guy was turned down due productions per year, a major Musical to his young age, but his mother insisted that in June in the Playhouse Theatre at the her son could play the part. After repeated Geelong Performing Arts Centre assurances that he could handle the role, he (GPAC) and a second smaller produc- was auditioned and accepted. His maturity as tion in November also at GPAC but in an actor was already present, having mastered the intimate Drama Theatre space. the technique of "talking to the camera". Two days after finishing High School exams at 18 years of age, Guy was cast in the Australian soap opera Neighbours in 1985, playing the role of Mike Young for several years (and 496 episodes). Pearce also found roles in other television series such as Home and Away and Snowy River: The McGregor Saga. To work on these television productions Guy moved from Geelong to Blackburn North in the late 1980’s. Later, in March 1997 he married his childhood sweet- heart Kate Mestitz, a psychologist. He had first met Kate as a twelve-year-old boy when they were both at school. The couple still live in Melbourne.

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Director/producer/writer Frank Howson then cast Pearce in his first three films, and paid for him to go to the Cannes Film Festival in 1991 for the premiere of the Howson-directed film, Hunting. The accompanying Howson-funded publicity campaign brought Pearce to the attention of the international film industry. He made his first major film breakthrough shortly after, with his role as a drag queen in The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert in 1994. Since then, he has appeared in several U.S. productions including L.A. Confidential, Ravenous, Rules of Engagement, Memento, The Count of Monte Cristo, and The Time Machine. He From ages 16 to 22, Guy Pearce appeared in The Road and in Bedtime Stories was also a competitive amateur with Adam Sandler. Pearce also portrayed pop bodybuilder, winning a “Junior Mr artist Andy Warhol in Factory Girl and Harry Victoria” title in his mid-teens. Houdini in Death Defying Acts. In January 2009, Pearce returned to the stage after a seven year absence. He performed in the Melbourne Theatre Company's production of Poor Boy, a play with music, co-written by Matt Cameron and Tim Finn. Recent performances include the films: The Kings Speech (2010), The Hurt Locker (2010), and Seeking Justice (2012). This year he stars in his latest movie, Iron Man 3. Pearce also has a love for music, and has appeared in a number of music videos, as well as recording his own music, playing guitar and singing. He is a long- standing passionate supporter of the Geelong Football Club. While it has been reported that he is an atheist, it has been difficult to gather many details of his private life and views, things he has guarded carefully for the last 30 years. His mother, Anne, still lives in Geelong, and Guy has been observed around town on his regular visits ‘home’ to visit her.

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What is jet lag? Jet lag (also called flight fatigue), is a temporary disorder that causes fatigue, insomnia, and other symptoms as a result of air travel across time zones. It is considered a rhythm sleep disorder, a disruption of the internal body clock. Children can suffer the same jet lag symptoms as adults. What are other symptoms and signs of jet lag? Besides fatigue and insomnia, a jet lag sufferer may experience a number of physical and emotional symptoms including anxiety, constipation, diarrhoea, confusion, dehydration, headache, irritability, nausea, sweating, coordination problems, dizziness and even memory loss. Individuals report additional symptoms, such as heartbeat irregularities and increased susceptibility to illness. What is a time zone? A time zone is a geographical region which has the same time everywhere within it. The world has 24 time zones, one for each hour in the day. Each zone runs from north to south in strips that are approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 kilome- tres) wide. (The actual width of each zone varies to accommodate political and geographical boundaries.) For example: Perth is 2 hours (2 time zones) behind Melbourne. Why does jet lag occur? The cause of jet lag is the inability of the body of a traveller to immediately adjust to the time in a different zone. Thus, when a New Yorker arrives in Paris at midnight Paris time, his or her body continues to operate on New York time. As the body struggles to cope with the new schedule, temporary insomnia, fatigue, irritability, and an impaired ability to concentrate may set in. The changed toilet schedule may cause constipation or diarrhoea, and the brain may become confused and disoriented as it attempts to juggle schedules. How does the body keep time? Our bodies have a sort of internal biological clock that follows a 24-hour cycle, called a circadian rhythm. A tiny part of the brain called the hypothalamus acts 12

like an alarm clock to activate various body functions such as hunger, thirst, and sleep. It also regulates body temperature, blood pressure, and the level of hormones and glucose in the bloodstream. To help the body tell the time of day, fibres in the optic nerve of the eye transmit perceptions of light and darkness to a timekeeping centre within the hypothalamus. Thus, when the eye of an air traveller perceives dawn or dusk many hours earlier or later than usual, the hypothalamus may trigger activities that the rest of the body is not ready for, and jet lag occurs. What is the role of melatonin in jet lag? Melatonin is a hormone that plays a key role in body rhythms and jet lag. After the sun sets, the eyes perceive darkness and alert the hypothalamus to begin releasing melatonin, which promotes sleep. Conversely, when the eyes perceive sunlight, they tell the hypothalamus to withhold melatonin production. However, the hypothalamus can take several days to adjust its schedule. Does the direction of travel matter? Yes. Travellers flying north or south in the same time zone typically experience the fewest problems because the time of day always remains the same as in the place where the flight originated. These travellers may experience discomfort, but this usually results from confinement in an airplane for a long time or from differences in climate, culture, and diet at the destination location. Travellers flying east typically experience the most problems because they "lose" time. Meals, sleep, bowel habits, and other daily routines are all rapidly pushed ahead. Travellers flying west "gain" time and usually have an easier time adjusting than eastward travellers. However, they too experience symptoms of jet lag after landing because they still must adjust to a different schedule. What are the best ways to cope with jet lag?

 Get in shape– Stay fit  Move around on the plane  Get medical advice  Break up your trip. Stop overnight  Change your schedule before flying  Wear comfortable shoes and clothes  Avoid alcohol  Pre-book comfortable accommodations  Avoid caffeine  Adapt to the local schedule ASAP  Drink water  Use sleeping medications wisely 13

The date and customs associated with New Year’s celebrations vary from one country to another. However, the festivities are not new. Ancient inscriptions indicate that New Years Day was observed in Babylon as early as the third millennium B.C.E. The celebration, which was held in mid-March, was crucial. New Years Day “At that time the god Marduk decided the feast: in ancient Rome destiny of the country for the coming year,” says The World Book Encyclopedia. The Babylonian new year celebration lasted 11 days and included sacrifices, processions, and fertility rites. For a time, the Romans too began their year in the month of March. The World Book Encyclopedia then adds: “The Roman ruler Julius Caesar established January 1 as New Year’s Day in 46 B.C. The Romans dedicated this day to Janus, the god of gates, doors, and beginnings. The month of January was named after Janus, who had two faces—one looking forward Roman coin depicting the and the other looking backward.” In celebration god Janus. people “gave themselves up to riotous excess,” says 225-212 B.C.E. McClintock and Strong’s Cyclopedia, “and various kinds of heathen superstition.” So New Year’s celebrations are founded on According to the magazine pagan traditions. Both the date and the Popular Mechanics, customs associated with New Year’s celebra- were “invented by the Chinese tions vary from one country to another, but in to chase demons from New many places revelry and drinking are part of Year’s and other ceremonial the festivities. occasions.” A religious Monk comments: “There was a saying that whoever greeted January 1st with fun, laughter, and plenty would pass the entire year in happiness and well-being. The very same superstition accompanies the celebrating of the new year for many of our compatriots today.”

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The Gregorian Calendar, is internationally the most widely accepted calendar in the world. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on February 24, 1582. The Gregorian calendar was adopted later that year by a handful of countries, with other countries adopting it over the following centuries. The motivation for the Gregorian reform Pope Gregory XIII 1502-1585 was that the Julian calendar (see box below) assumes that the time between vernal equinoxes is 365.25 days, when in fact it is presently almost 11 minutes shorter. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every 400 years. At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since Roman times, resulting in the spring equinox falling on March 11 instead of the Catholic Church fixed date of March 21. Because the spring equinox was tied to the celebration of Easter, the Church considered this steady movement in the date of the equinox undesirable. The reform included reducing the number of leap years in four centuries from 100 to 97, by making 3 out of 4 centurial years common instead of leap years. The Gregorian calendar thus modified the earlier Julian calendar's regular cycle of leap years as follows: Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100. The centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years. For example, the year 1900 was not a leap year, but the year 2000 was. The Julian Calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE . The Julian calendar had a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months with a leap day added every four years (a leap year). Leap Day was February 24, because February was the last month of the year.

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(Continued from the December issue of the Jillong Pocket) John Batman had led an expedition to Port Phillip Bay, arriving on May 29, 1835. After exploring the Bellarine Peninsula, he had met up with aborigines near the Yarra River and ‘purchased’ an area of land from them, including all the Bellarine Peninsula. On June 9, Batman sailed back to Indented Head in the Rebecca and landed his holding party there*, which included three white men - James Gumm (in charge), William Todd, and Alexander Thomson– as well as five Sydney aboriginals - Bullet, Bungett, Old Bull, Pigeon and Joe the Marine. They had three months' supply of meat, flour, tea and sugar and were to build a hut or house and establish a garden. Batman wrote that he left them "a large quantity of Potatoes to put in the Ground and all Kind of other Garden seeds, as well as pips and stones fruit - I left apples & oranges with them also the 6 Dog's." Gumm was also supplied with written authority "to put off any person or persons that may trespass on the Land I have purchased from the Natives." When the Rebecca departed that evening, the first lonely beach-head of the squatting invasion of Port Phillip had been established. The first thing they built was a flagpole, to identify British interests in the area, as well as help any ships find their location. The area was then thoroughly searched, with the dogs running down many kangaroos. An area for a vegetable garden- 90 yards square– was grubbed out and fenced. The first crop of onions was sown on June 14. Four days later wheat was sown, followed by parsnips, broad beans, potatoes and fruit trees. The location for a house was marked out, 30x15 feet (10x5 metres) in size. However, this was reduced after they realised that there

*Early maps of the area indicate that this very first white settlement was in fact at what we call today, St Leonards. A small stream flows to the beach at St Leonards, beside which they dug a well to ensure a constant water supply. The flat, sandy soil around Indented Head would make digging a successful well there unlikely.

The first white settlement, as sketched by John Helder Wedge in August 1835. 16

was no suitable timber trees in the area, and so it had to be constructed out of sods (soil held together with grass). However, on June 22, 1835 all their priorities changed, when 5 aborigines arrived at the camp. After providing them with a meal, William Todd tried to get the men to write their names on pieces of paper. It would appear he was under instructions from Batman to get as many names onto the ‘land purchase’ as possible to make it more legally acceptable.* The men were then given gifts of shirts, handkerchiefs, tomahawks, knives, scissors, and a blanket. As a result, three days later the five aboriginal men were joined by about fifty other aboriginal men, women and children. Gumm made a further distribution of gifts: 100 handkerchiefs, 30 knives, six tomahawks, 54 scissors, 14 shirts, five looking-glasses, 12 tin-pots, "being all that we were possessed of." Although they seemed friendly, the Europeans were wary and stayed (in fact they kept watch every night the aborigines remained with them). The next morning they baked 100 pounds (45kg) of flour into damper loafs for the locals. The aborigines devoured the food, along with one of the cooked kangaroos. That evening they ate nearly all the potatoes. Very quickly the white men realised that food left for them to last 3 months was now nearly all gone. . . and the party could not be persuaded to leave! They decided to go hungry them- selves to impress upon the natives that the food supply was low. When that didn’t work they cooked 60 pounds of flour, gave it to them and asked them to leave. When that also failed, they tied up the dogs and refused to give them any more food or go hunting. By July 4 a tense stand-off had arisen, with the aborigines requesting that the white men share all their food, while ignoring Gumm’s demands that they leave the area. An all-out attack on the white man’s camp was then planned. Two of the aborigines then left the camp to gather other tribesmen living nearby, to join the attack. While the three white men, and their five Sydney aboriginal assistants had guns and dogs to fight them off, they would have been no match for an attacking aboriginal force which was to eventually number over 100 men. On July 6, 1835 the camp was on the brink of all-out war. . . when out of nowhere a giant man walked into the camp. Escaped convict, William Buckley, had returned to white civilisation! Next month the story continues. . . (story with help from Ian Wynd’s book Balla-wein)

*Batman’s claim to the land was never legally recognised. How could the aborigines sell the land, when they had no concept of land ownership? Land was used for it’s resources, and people could be allowed to pass peacefully over land, but no-one ‘owned’ it. The document signed by the aborigines would not have been understood by them. Thus, many of them became understandably upset when white settlers refused permission for them to travel across their properties from that time onward.

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Located in the American state of Arizona, the Grand Canyon is 446km long, up to 29km wide and attains a depth of over 1,800 metres. It is considered one of the greatest natural wonders on the planet. The steep-sided canyon is carved by the majestic Colorado River, which flows along the canyon floor, before leaving the canyon and flowing into Lake Mead near the border with Nevada, then on through the Hoover Dam into Mexico, and out in to the Gulf of California. The Grand Canyon is not the deepest canyon in the world (Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal is over 5km below the mountains towering on either side), nor the widest (Capertee Valley in the Blue Mountains near Sydney is about 1km wider than the Grand Canyon). However, the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape. Geologically it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that are beautifully preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon. These rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent. How old are the rock features of the canyon? Scientific journals have used figures like 17 million, 40 million, 230 million, and even 2 billion years in articles containing research by authorities. However, in more recent years

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(2008) scientists using uranium-lead dating methods have calculated the canyon to be between 5—6 million years old. These findings have exposed the exaggerated dates published earlier, and hurt the pride of those who made the older claims, leading to bitter counter-claims. The battle for dating accuracy continues… Never-the-less, 5 million years is still a long time! Grand Canyon tourism Grand Canyon National Park is one of the world’s premier natural attractions, hosting about 5 million visitors per year. Overall, about 83% are from the United States, and 17% are from international visitors, especially from the United Kingdom (3.8%), Canada (3.5%), Japan (2.1%), and Germany (1.9%). Aside from casual sightseeing from the South Rim (averaging 2,100m above sea level), rafting, hiking, running and helicopter tours are especially popular. Hiking down to the river and back up to the rim in one day is discouraged by park officials because of the distance, steep and rocky trails, change in elevation, and danger of heat exhaustion from the much higher tempera- tures at the bottom. Every year rescues are required to retrieve unsuccessful rim-river-rim travelers. Despite this, hundreds of fit and experienced hikers complete the trip every year.

The popular Grand Canyon Skywalk

The Grand Canyon Skywalk is a transparent horseshoe-shaped cantilever bridge and tourist attraction which projects over the edge of a side canyon in the Grand Canyon West area. The vertical drop directly under the skywalk is between 150—240m. The Colorado River in the base of the canyon meanders along 1.1 km below. Commissioned and owned by the Hualapai Indian tribe, it was opened to the general public on March 28, 2007.

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Australia Day is celebrated on January 26 every year. Do you know how white settlement in Australia started, and why January 26 was chosen as a national holiday? Captain James Cook discovered the east coast of New Holland in 1770 and re-named it New South Wales. Upon coming ashore he raised the Union Jack (the English flag) on August 22, 1770 and claimed the land for Britain. As he sailed up the east coast he observed what he thought it would make good places for settlements, citing lush pastures and abundant fresh water. Upon receipt of Cook’s report Britain labelled the country as being uninhabited, as the Aborigi- nes did not cultivate the land, and were therefore classed as "uncivilized.” During the 18th Century the Industrial Revolution in Britain contributed to a population explosion in the cities, resulting in a dramatic increase in crime. The British colonies in America refused to accept more convicts, so the only way to deal with overcrowding in the jails was to establish a penal colony in the land discovered by James Cook. The convicts would be sentenced to “transportation,” never to return to Britain. With this in mind, the British Government hired 9 ships, together with 2 naval vessels, and set about provisioning them with enough supplies to keep the 759 convicts, their Marine guards (some with families), and civil officers, until they became self-sufficient. These eleven ships became known as the First Fleet .* The convicts and marines embarked on the ships, which arrived at Portsmouth on March 16, 1787. They then waited on-board for nearly 2 months until Captain Arthur Phillip arrived to take charge. The Fleet left England on May 13, 1787 bound for Botany Bay, stopping at Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town, where food supplies were replenished. Very few convicts (only 23) died during the voyage in comparison with other convict fleets that followed. The First Fleet arrived at Botany Bay between January *Between 1788 and 1850 the The Founding of Australia– Sydney Cove English sent over 162,000 convicts January 26, 1788, by Captain Arthur Phillip R.N. to Australia in 806 ships. Original oil sketch by Algernon Talmadge (1937) 20

18th and 20th, 1788. However, this area was deemed to be unsuitable for settlement due to a lack of fresh water, poor soil, and the Bay being exposed to the open sea. They then moved north arriving at Port Jackson (Sydney Cove) on January 26, 1788. From the start the settlement was beset with prob- lems. Coming from England’s cities, very few convicts knew how to farm, and the soil around Sydney Cove was very poor. Instead of Cook's well watered and fertile ground, they found a hot, dry, unfertile country unsuitable for the small farming necessary to make the settlement self-sufficient. Everyone, from the convicts to Captain Phillip, was put on rationed food. Coming from the small island nation of Britain, convicts also had no concept of the vast distances they had travelled. Some, heeding rumours of other settle- ments nearby or that China was just over the horizon, tried to escape. Most died in the bush. Those that managed to survive returned to the colony and faced severe punishment. While the Aborigines thrived on local plants and fish, the settlers found few of the plants to be appetising. Most of their food had to come from the supplies brought with them on the ships, supplemented by rats, dogs, crows, and an occasional kangaroo or emu if they could be caught. They had very little building material and the government had provided only a very limited supply of tools, which were of bad quality. These tools were soon blunt or broken and building slowed. Extra clothing had been forgotten and, by the time the Second Fleet arrived in June 1790, convicts and marines alike were dressed in patched and threadbare clothing. Despite the setbacks the colony survived, and then thrived. Within a few years some immigrants who prospered in Sydney, especially those who had been convicts or the sons of convicts, began marking the colony's beginnings with an anniversary dinner on January 26, the day they reached the first permanent settlement at Port Jackson. Thirty years later, in 1818, Governor Lachlan Macquarie, declared January 26 a public holiday, thirty guns counting out the years of British civilization, a tradition Macquarie’s successors continued. By 1837 the celebration widened with the first Sydney Regatta. Thus a new tradition was established on January 26— “It was,” the Sydney Gazette reported, “a day entirely devoted to pleasure.” Today, for most Australians, January 26 is also “a day entirely devoted to pleasure.” It is also a day of national pride and reflection. In recent years, efforts have been made to acknowledge the sensitivities of the original Aboriginal custodians of the land, as well as to welcome new immigrants as Australian citizens. What will you be doing on January 26 this year? 21

Geelong’s magnificent bay and ocean beaches have been appreciated by locals since the area was first settled 175 years ago. Australia’s hot summers, and clean beaches have provided a playground for young and old alike. However, unlike today, at the beginning of the 20th century local religious fervour strictly controlled the modesty of swimming costumes as well as where swimmers could swim. Most of the early Geelong councillors and civic leaders were men in high standing within the various churches around town. Thus, every effort was put forth to ensure high moral behaviour, and discourage excesses. Bollard of a women While British fashion was still popular, a battle was in bathing costume being waged to stop the more liberal types from c.1895 A typical male c.1880 ‘exposing’ more skin than necessary, or engaging in swimming costume flirting with the opposite sex while in public. Thus, as the bay-side town beaches were being developed, four distinct and clearly signed swimming areas were constructed—two at Western Beach (one for men and one for women), and two at Eastern Beach (one for men and one for women). Men swimming in the same vicinity as women (mixed bathing) was forbidden, and Council signs warn- ing against mixed bathing dotted the shoreline. While these bathing spots proved popular, enforcing the “no mixed bathing” law was a nightmare, and not just because of the men! As early as the 1890’s local councils were presented with petitions to permit mixed bathing. While Mel- bourne councils gradually relented, "No Mixed Bathing" Geelong Council held firm for In 1910 it was illegal to have mixed bathing in another 40 years. Not that all in Geelong—no males and females swimming together Melbourne were happy either. In thank you very much! Two of the bollards beside 1911 South Melbourne residents this sign on the Geelong Waterfront depict an decided to establish “a strong embarrassed couple having been caught by a police- and active vigilance committee to man bathing together. The woman isn’t even wearing supervise its mixed bathing, to see a full-length bathing costume! The shame of it all! 22 that dresses were appropriate, and that the general behaviour of the bathers is strictly decorous.” The locals further observed that, “there are certain men and women who should be strictly debarred from getting wet in public in Canadian, or any other gown...A stout middle- aged man or woman in bathing garb is a spectacle no person of artistic temperament should be afflicted with; and skeleton frames, with scanty raiment, are enough to frighten even the sharks from the neighbourhood.” Others also expressed concern. At a meeting of the Australian Natives Association* in Melbourne in 1914 it was lamented that attendance at 1926. Women in Melbourne showing meetings had fallen away because members off the latest swimming fashion. It took were more attracted to mixed bathing. Even the another 11 years for such “revealing” conservative Melbourne City Council relented swim attire to be accepted at Geelong. due to the popularity of mixed bathing. By 1928 they decided to extend mixed bathing times at the City Baths from one evening to three evenings a week. Despite the growing liberal trend in Melbourne, Geelong still remained unmoved, rigorously enforcing bylaws regarding swimming! But the strong tide of public opinion was starting to turn. The development of the Eastern Beach Baths started in 1927. The initial design was for separate swimming areas for men and women, but by the time works were completed in 1939 mixed bathing laws were relaxed, and both sexes shared the shark-proof enclosed swimming area together. However, what about bathing costumes? In 1934 a conference of foreshore trust committees was held at Frankston, with the object of framing uniform regulations to have bathing costumes standard- ised. Councillor Brownbill from Geelong actually led the charge against the proposal, despite other strong voices from Geelong saying otherwise. The follow- ing year the Geelong Municipal Association proposed regulating bathing costumes at a Geelong West Council meeting. The Council refused to adopt the proposal, leaving it to the police to determine if any bather should be charged with “indecent exposure.” In 1937 the matter was finalised by the Geelong City Council who, while still expressing concern that bathers should not roll down the tops of their bathing gowns to expose the shoulders, upheld the decision of the Geelong West Council. All bylaws regulating mixed bathing and swimming costumes were scrapped. *The Australian Natives Association was established by white men born in Australia, initially to lobby for Federation, which was granted in 1901. After that, they focussed their attention on promoting patriotism in Australia, including Australia Day observances. 23

Every year the Geelong Night Market attracts thou- sands of visitors. It is set in central Johnstone Park, a magnificent setting amongst the tall, shady palms, with Geelong’s grand civic build- ings as a backdrop. Along with plenty of stalls to browse through, entertain- ment is also provided for the crowd to enjoy. The Geelong Night Market is brought to Geelong by the Melbourne Victorian Market and brings with it dozens of food vendors selling a huge selection of international and gourmet foods. The most succulent and tasty foods from the four corners of the world include Spanish, Mexican, Middle Eastern, and Asian treats just to mention a few. For those with a sweet tooth there is plenty on offer for you too, including gourmet ice creams, fresh donuts, waffles, pancakes and other tasty morsels to tempt your taste buds and threaten your new year’s resolution to lose a few kilos. If you are into arts and crafts or fashion, the market has plenty of interesting stalls, with all types of Where? styles from the traditional, country and the -down Johnstone Park; Gheringhap right weird and eccentric. The market is the perfect Street, behind the Town Hall. place to pick up some interesting gifts, with several When? stalls selling items you just won’t see anywhere Every Friday from January 11, else. 2013 to February 15, 2013 5:30pm to 10:00pm Entry is free

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The Geelong Night Market celebrates Geelong’s rich and diverse culture. Now running in its fifth year it is comprised of:

 Take-away food vendors providing a wide range of street foods, predominantly focused on multi-cultural cuisines, all prepared and cooked fresh on-site.  Bars - a fully licensed site with bars.  Young designer fashion and artisan stalls promising an eclectic product mix with emphasis on the innovative, unusual and bizarre.  Health and harmony - an area dedicated to mind, body and spirit with massage therapists, reflexology, as well as related natural products.  Regional food producers, offering tastings on-site of a delightful array of - pre packaged food to take home and eat later.  Entertainers and bands show-casing The Geelong Night Market is a different musical styles, roving performers Waste Wise Event. This means and children’s activities. that no plastic bags are allowed on site, so bring your re-usable shopping bags along.

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Johnny Depp is an actor who has performed in some of the most popular movies of the modern era, including Edward Scissorhands (1990), The Pirates of the Caribbean series (2003-2011), and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005). He was born John Christopher Depp Jr. in Kentucky USA, on June 9, 1963, to parents John and Betty Sue Depp. Johnny's father worked as a civil engineer, and his mother (part Cherokee Indian), worked as a waitress and homemaker. The youngest of four children, Depp was withdrawn and a self-admitted oddball. "I made odd noises as a child," he later revealed in an interview. "Just did weird things, like turn off light switch- es twice. I think my parents thought I had Tourette's syndrome." Johnny and his family moved frequently to accommodate his father's job, finally landing in , when Johnny was seven years old. The family lived in a motel for nearly a year, until his father found a job. Affected by growing family problems, at age 12 he began smoking, experimenting with drugs, and engaging in self-harm. "Puberty was very vague," he later said. "I literally locked myself in a room and played guitar." In 1978, when Depp was 15, Johnny's parents divorced, causing a rift between Johnny and his father. Johnny Depp is At 16, Depp dropped out of high school and joined a band— afraid of flying, and The Kids. The group barely made ends meet, and Depp lived for months in a friend's '67 Chevy Impala. In 1983, at the age is also scared of of 20, Depp's band moved to Los Angeles in the hopes of clowns. striking it big. Still living on a shoestring budget, Depp and his band mates supported themselves by selling pens for a telemarketing firm. A year later, Depp fell into acting when he was introduced to actor Nicolas Cage. Cage saw potential in Depp, and introduced the hopeful musician to a Hollywood agent. After several small roles as a film extra, Depp landed his first legitimate movie role in the horror film Nightmare on Elm Street (1984). By 1985, his band had broken up, and Depp started to study acting in earnest, first in classes at the Loft Studio in Los Angeles and then with a private coach. The lessons paid off in 1987, when he replaced actor Jeff Yagher in the role of undercover cop Tommy Hanson in the popular Canadian-filmed TV series 21 Jump Street. Depp became a teen idol overnight! In 1990, Depp received an opportunity to exhibit his versatility Edward Scissorhand as an actor in the title role of Tim Burton's fantasy film, Edward 26

Scissorhands. The movie not only established Depp as an A-list actor, but it also grossed more than $54 million at the box office. It was during shooting for Edward Scissorhands that Depp met co-star Winona Ryder. Before meeting Ryder, Depp had already been through one bad marriage (to Lori Allison) and a number of brief affairs. Five months after their first date, Depp and Ryder became engaged. To solidify their love, Depp even had "Winona Forever" tattooed on his right arm. However, the couple split in 1993 after Ryder's parents Captain Jack Sparrow forbade their daughter to marry. (The tattoo was later laser- treated to now read “Wino Forever.”) Despite his rocky personal life, Depp’s acting career continued to flourish, includ- ing his role as the social misanthrope Sam in Benny & Joon (1993), which earned him a Golden Globe nod, and Gilbert in What's Eating Gilbert Grape? (1993). In August 1993, he and two business partners bought The Viper Club in Los Angeles, which instantly became the hippest spot on the Sunset Strip. But tragedy hit the club on October 31 of that same year, when teen heartthrob and critically acclaimed actor River Phoenix suffered a drug overdose outside the club. (Phoenix died later that evening.) Depp's life then began losing control as the star dabbled with drugs, spiralling him into a deep depression. However, his wild behaviour didn't seem to have an effect on his professional life, as he continued to receive accolades for his acting. In 1998, while filming in France, Johnny met French actress, singer and model Vanessa Paradis. In May 1999, the couple welcomed daughter Lily-Rose Melody Depp. Three years later, their second child, son John (Jack) Christopher Depp III, was born. (Sadly, last year, after 14 years together Depp and Paradis split up.) In 2004, Depp earned an Academy Award nomination for his starring role as Captain Jack Sparrow in the family adventure Pirates of the Caribbean. The film was a box office smash, which led to three sequel movies, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006), Pirates of the Caribbe- an: At World's End (2007), and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011). The movies smashed box-office records around the world. After some failures he returned to box office success with the 2010 film adaptation of the Lewis Carroll classic, Alice in Wonderland which brought in more than $116 million in its opening weekend. He continues to produce films each year, remaining one of Hollywood’s most sought after actors, and heart-throb to millions around the world. Willy Wonka 27

Ingredients  350g fettuccine or spaghetti  2 tbs olive oil  1/2 onion, chopped  2 garlic cloves, crushed  1 cup (250ml) thin cream  2 tbs sun-dried tomato paste  425g can tuna in oil, drained  1 cup (150g) frozen peas  1 tbs chopped flat-leaf parsley  100g semi-dried tomatoes  2 tsp capers, rinsed, drained

Method 1. Cook pasta in boiling salted water until al dente. Drain and toss with half the oil. 2. Heat remaining oil in a large frypan over medium heat, add onion and cook 2-3 It would only take about 20 minutes or until softened. Add garlic and minutes to get this easy and cook for 1 minute. Stir in cream and paste, impressive pasta dish on the add tuna and peas. Heat gently for 1-2 table, so what are you waiting minutes. Stir in half the parsley with the for? tomatoes and capers, add pasta and Difficulty: Easy season. Stir until just heated through. Preparation time: 5 minutes 3. Serve sprinkled with remaining parsley. Cooking time: 15 minutes Serves: 4

Recipe by Valli Little For more recipes like this one, go to www.taste.com.au/recipes 28 Word Search – Kids Games and Toys F L S O S T L L M S S Y S A D F A C S C A W A L L B A L L E A P F R O G A E A L I L I O P A T A E S K S T E N L P S O P N B M S T H G U A R D I P I C C L Y B I L A E O R W M T M U S I C A L C H A I R S T N H U J U M P R O P E K L T O S B E S T I U R S A A G I P L I Y T R O N B N O L R L R I E G E O A O Y N M O A O T S O E X A L L L T C L P D T R N O K M S L L S D H C L D K R R B I O A D I D I K I P H I O U Y A C E A T B D O T O N S C N H I C O K P L B R E P O A A R O L G I K R P H P P U H L E M S L H R I E A L T Y M H A M P T T I I L M D C W C L D W S O A Y R W A T I O Y B D F N I S S T R P H P B A P E Y C O R R M D L A S S O B O N O M D T L I T U G O F W A R E S E T H V C U E I B R A B S P S D D P L D L U C Y E G S E L K C U N K A T A E B S I S G D M R E E P O T M Y P Y P M O R U R H D R D M O N O P O L Y A S E U T A T S L O O D A C Y D D E T H T I A N A M G N A H C T BARBIE I SPY POISON BALL BATTLESHIP JUMP ROPE RED ROVER BILLY CARTS KICK TO KICK RISK CHARADES KNUCKLES SCRABBLE CHOPSTICKS LEAP FROG SILLY PUTTY CLUEDO LUDO SIMON SAYS DOLLS HOUSE MARBLES SLINKY DRAUGHTS MASTERMIND SPINNING TOP GUESS WHO MATCH BOX CARS STATUES GUMBY MONOPOLY TAG HANGMAN MOUSE TRAP TEDDY HIDE AND SEEK MR POTATO TIC TAC TOE HOPSCOTCH MUSICAL CHAIRS TUG OF WAR HULA HOOP PADDLE BALL WALL BALL 29

Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby Once widespread in areas of Eastern Australia, this rock wallaby is now only found in fragmented populations in Southern Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Appearance: Upper body fur is generally brown, with a rufous (reddish brown) patch surrounding the hind-quarters. The face has a pale cheek-stripe. Ears are black outside and yellowish on the inside and the tail is long, 500-600 mm, and characteristically brushy at the end. Size: 60-65cm tall with adults weighing 6-8kg. Habitat: Found in a wide variety of habitats including rainforest, wet and dry hard-leaf forest, open woodland and semi-arid country, where there is suitably rocky terrain with caves or rock crevices and overhangs for shelter. Slopes with a northerly aspect, where the wallabies can bask in the sun, are preferred. Diet:: These herbivores are active and forage for food in the evening and early morning. Their diet consists of grasses, herbs, shrubs as well as flowers and some fruits. They have been found to forage over a home range of estimated between 6-30ha. Hunting was a major contributor to the early decline in numbers of the rock wallaby. Between 1884 and 1914 bounties were paid on over half a million rock- wallabies in New South Wales. Current threats to survival include predation by foxes, cats and wild dogs, and competition for food and shelter by goats and rabbits. Habitat degradation, fragmentation and loss, changes in fire regimes, small population size, bioclimatic factors and diseases passed from feral cats also pose threats to the survival of wild populations of Brush-tailed Rock Wallabies. Recovery actions include maintaining a captive breeding program, monitoring existing populations, maintaining predator control, carrying out research, and providing community education.

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Geelong– 150 years ago this month “An inquest was held to-day, at the Stag and Hounds, on the body of a man found drowned this morning alongside the Moorabool street wharf. From the evidence, it tran- spired that the name of the deceased was Thomas Perry, that he had lately arrived from Deniliquin, and that he came down in the steamer last night from Melbourne. It is supposed he must have fallen off the wharf after leaving the steamer, as the night was very dark, and there were no lamps on the wharf to guide any passengers landing there. The jury returned a verdict of “Found accidently drowned,” but added, as a rider, that the authorities were guilty of great neglect in not having lamps placed on a wharf where passengers were landed at night.” (The Wednesday, January 21, 1863 p.5) Geelong Heritage Centre photo The Moorabool Street wharf c.1910 From page 32: The object in the bottom picture that was constructed in 1855 is the black clock face in the CML building’s tower. The clock mechanism was originally part of the Austin Clock Tower which stood in the Geelong Market Square until 1923. See the October 2012 edition of the Jillong Pocket (p.16,17) for more details.

About this brochure: This brochure has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this brochure, or suggestions for future issues please write to: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre. Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000 The Jillong Pocket is available online. Go to www.workskil.com.au and select the “Community Programs” tab. 31

1857

Drawing by S.T.Gill Malop Street— from the corner of Moorabool Street looking east. In the picture above the Victoria Hotel dominates the corner position. It remained a Geelong icon up until the 1950’s, noted for its fine service and sumptuous food. In the picture below the Commonwealth Bank has replaced the Victoria Hotel. On the other side of the street, and completed in 1927, the Colonial Mutual Insurance (CML) building dominates the Malop Street vista of Market Square. In the scene below is an object that was initially constructed in 1855. Do you know what it is? (Answer on page 31)

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