Page 01 Nov 11.Indd
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Human Rights: an Obstacle to Peace in the Western Sahara? (ARI)
Area: Mediterranean & Arab World ARI 47/2011 (Translated from Spanish) Date: 11/4/2011 Human Rights: An Obstacle to Peace in the Western Sahara? (ARI) Renata Capella Soler* Theme: The establishment of a human rights monitoring mechanism in the Western Sahara, preferably through an expansion of MINURSO’s mandate, would change the underlying dynamics of the conflict and allow for progress in the negotiation process. Summary: The focus on human rights in the Western Sahara has increased the visibility of the conflict and the pressure to resolve it, creating opportunities to break the current impasse that third parties should seize. A human rights monitoring mechanism, preferably as part of MINURSO, could serve as a confidence-building measure. Moreover, a firm position regarding the parties’ human rights obligations would set a precedent for an international mediation with more muscle, thus changing the conflict’s underlying dynamics. Close coordination between Spain and the UK to establish a human rights monitoring mechanism would neutralise French opposition to it, alter the balance of forces within the Group of Friends of the Secretary General on Western Sahara (the ‘Group of Friends’) and give rise to the conditions necessary to increase its efficiency. At the upcoming April session, a Security Council decision to set up a human rights monitoring mechanism would allow for progress in the negotiation process, bringing closer the resolution of the Western Sahara conflict. Analysis: In the last two years, the need to establish a human rights monitoring mechanism together with the possible expansion of the current mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) were the primary focus of the Security Council debates on Western Sahara. -
Alternative Report by Acat-France and Fiacat on Torture and Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Punishment Or Treatment in France
ALTERNATIVE REPORT BY ACAT-FRANCE AND FIACAT ON TORTURE AND CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING PUNISHMENT OR TREATMENT IN FRANCE Submitted to the Committee against Torture in the context of reviewing France's seventh periodic report 57th session, 18 April – 13 May 2016 2 ALTERNATIVE REPORT . TORTURE AND CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING PUNISHMENT OR TREATMENT IN FRANCE TORTURE AND CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING PUNISHMENT OR TREATMENT IN FRANCE . ALTERNATIVE REPORT 3 NOTE INTRODUCTIVE ACAT-France and FIACAT are honoured to submit for your consideration their concerns and recommendations pertaining to the prevention of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment in France. This report is submitted during the review of France's seventh periodic report, to take place during the Committee's 57th session held from 18 April to 13 May 2016. ACAT-FRANCE. The Action des chrétiens pour l’abolition de la torture (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture, or ACAT) is a Paris-based Christian NGO for the defence of human rights that was founded in 1974 and has been recognised as being of public use. Basing its action on international law and acting for the benefit of all, without prejudice to ethnicity, ideology or religion, ACAT-France fights against torture and for the abolition of the death penalty, the protection of victims and in defence of the right to asylum, drawing on a network of almost 39,000 members and donors. In particular, it plays a supervisory role with regard to action taken by responsive institutions such as the police, the gendarmerie, the justice system or the prison administration system. -
Nowhere to Turn Report
NOWHERE TO TURN: THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FAILURE TO MONITOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN WESTERN SAHARA AND TINDOUF REFUGEE CAMPS NOWHERE TO TURN: THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FAILURE TO MONITOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN WESTERN SAHARA AND TINDOUF REFUGEE CAMPS ROBERT F. KENNEDY CENTER FOR JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2 NOWHERE TO TURN: THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FAILURE TO MONITOR HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATIONS IN WESTERN SAHARA AND TINDOUF REFUGEE CAMPS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Sahrawi are the indigenous people of Western Sahara, who descended from Berber and Arab tribes.1 The following is a report on the human rights situation facing the Sahrawi people who reside in the disputed territory of Western Sahara under Moroccan control and in the Sahrawi refugee camps near Tindouf, Algeria. Much of the information contained in this report is based on information gained from interviews and meetings during a visit to the region of an international delegation led by the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights (RFK Center). For nearly 40 years, both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguía el Hamra and Río de Oro (POLISARIO Front) have claimed sovereignty over Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. After years of armed conflict, in 1991 the United Nations (UN) established the Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), a peacekeeping mission to oversee the cease-fire between the Kingdom of Morocco and the POLISARIO Front and to organize and ensure a referendum on self-determination. Today, 22 years after the establishment of MINURSO, the referendum has yet to take place. -
Human Rights Violations in Western Sahara Date Victim Location Description Category Source More Info of Reported Vialation
ANNEX Human Rights Violations in Western Sahara Date Victim Location Description Category Source More info of reported vialation 01.04.2014 Almoujahid Mayara, El Aaiún 38 year-old Almoujahid Mayara and 20 year-old Arbitrary detention Sahara Press Service spsrasd.info, Hajoub Khatari, Hajoub Khatari were arrested following their partic- (SPS), CODESA codesaso.com Larabas Sleima ipation in pro-independence protests on 28 March. Unfair trial (in Spanish), They were reportedly detained violently without codesaso.com information as to why they were arrested or where (in Spanish). they were being taken. On 1 April, they were taken to the court of first instance. Their trial was post- poned until 7 April. They were arrested on charges of possession of cannabis and weapons, but the two Saharawis allege that these charges are fabricated. In the end, Mayara and Khatari were tried on 14 April and sentenced to 6 and 1 years respectively. Their case was then taken to the Court of Appeal, scheduled for 15 May but then postponed several times until it finally took place on 5 June. Mayara’s sentence was reduced to 4 years, whilst Katari’s remained the same. Larabas Sleima was reportedly arrested following his participation in a pro-independence demonstration on 28 March 2014, the same one as Mayara and Khatari. He was charged, in the same trial as Mayara and Khatari on 1 April, with violence against a woman. According to Sahara Press Service, the woman that was the so-called victim of their violence attended court and informed the judge that the charges were false. -
Western Sahara 2016 Human Rights Report
WESTERN SAHARA 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT Note: This report was updated 3/29/17; see Appendix F: Errata for more information. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the estimated 85 percent that it controls. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (POLISARIO), an organization that seeks the territory’s independence, disputes Morocco’s claim to sovereignty over the territory. Moroccan and POLISARIO forces fought intermittently from 1975, when the Spanish Government relinquished colonial authority over the territory, until a 1991 cease-fire and the establishment of a UN peacekeeping mission. Since 1991, UN-facilitated negotiations on the territory’s status have been inconclusive. The sides have not met face-to-face since 2009. Morocco administers the territories in Western Sahara by the same laws and structures governing the exercise of civil liberties and political and economic rights as internationally recognized Morocco. In 2011 Morocco adopted a constitution that also applies to its administration of the territory. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy under which ultimate authority rests with King Mohammed VI, who presides over the Council of Ministers. The king may dismiss ministers, dissolve parliament, and call for new elections or rule by decree. The king shares executive authority with the head of government (prime minister), whom he must appoint from the political party with the most seats in parliament, and approves members of the government nominated by the prime minister. International and domestic observers judged the October 7 parliamentary elections, held in both internationally recognized Morocco and the territory of Western Sahara, as credible and relatively free from irregularities. -
Life Under Occupation, Western Sahara Delegation
LIFE UNDER OCCUPATION Report of a delegation of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Western Sahara to the Occupied Territory of Western Sahara 13–16 February 2014 CONTENTS Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3 Historical timeline ............................................................................................. 5 Human rights .................................................................................................... 7 Natural resources ............................................................................................. 8 Chronicle of the delegation ............................................................................... 9 Appendices ..................................................................................................... 17 Further information ........................................................................................ 23 The contents of this report may be reproduced freely for non-commercial purposes. All-Party Parliamentary Group on Western Sahara House of Commons London SW1A 0AA UK April 2014 2 INTRODUCTION The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Western Sahara is an officially recognised cross-party body of the UK parliament whose purpose is to promote issues of mutual concern between British MPs and Western Sahara. In the pursuit of this mandate, the Group had long wished to send a delegation to the Occupied Territory of Western Sahara to witness the human rights situation facing the Saharawi people -
MOROCCO and WESTERN SAHARA PRESENTATION
MOROCCO and WESTERN SAHARA PRESENTATION freedom of assembly in the Euro-Mediterranean region. This review is part of a larger two-part study on Following an overview of the international standards relating to the freedom of assembly, Part I examines the legal frameworks in 11 countries of the Mediterranean and in the European Union and their compliance with international human rights standards. Part II examines the implementation of laws and the exercise of the freedom of assembly and demonstration in practice. In order to assess the compliance of national legislations with international standards relating to the exercise of freedom of assembly, objective indicators were used as a reference throughout this study. A gender-sensitive approach was incorporated to determine whether women enjoy freedom of assembly to the same extent as men or face more restrictions. This study was conducted in consultation with members of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN), which includes 80 human rights organizations in 30 countries. It thus reflects the active involvement of EMHRN’s working group members on freedom of association and assembly, PRACTICES as well as other civil society organizations and experts. The study is meant to provide human rights defenders, civil society organizations, international organizations, and state institutions with an analysis that allows them to compare national laws and policies with those of other countries and assess their conformity with international conventions, with a view to advocating for reforms and guaranteeing freedom of assembly across Euro-Mediterranean area. FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY ‑ FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY ‑ The chapters are also available separately: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco and Western Sahara, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, and the EU. -
First They Came for the Journalists. We Don't Know What Happened After That
Occupied Western Sahara First they came for the journalists. We don't know what happened after that Urgent Public Appeal 4 December 2020 Western Sahara - Urgent Public Appeal 4 December 2020 1 Call for action: Denounce the targeting of Sahrawi journalists as Morocco cracks down on civilians following end of ceasefire This is the second public appeal issued in response to the alarming increase of repression and violence against Sahrawi civilians in the territories of Western Sahara under Moroccan occupation, following the recent escalation of the 45-year conflict between the Polisario Front and Morocco on 13 November. With the escalation of war between Morocco and Polisario, we have witnessed fierce repression in the occupied territories of Western Sahara. Sahrawi citizen journalists and human rights defenders report a massive campaign of collective intimidation and harassment. Reports from trusted sources say that in response to the escalation of armed conflict and protests carried out, allegedly over 35 young Sahrawis have been arrested since 13 November, the youngest being 12 years old and most reported to be between 16 and 17 years old. The present appeal is prepared by the Norwegian Support Committee for Western Sahara and the Spanish human rights organization #NomadsHRC in collaboration with the Sahrawi journalist human rights organizations Equipe Media and Nushatta Foundation. In the appendix of this appeal, we provide information into the recent repression witnessed in the occupied territories from 13 November until 28 November. A first version of this appeal was published 20 November 2020.1 This second appeal focuses on one of the most at-risk collectives: Sahrawi citizen journalists, whose reporting work is fundamental to understanding the breadth and scope of human rights violations currently taking place inside the territory. -
The Puzzle of Nonviolence in Western Sahara
1 2 _________________________________ Borders in Globalization Research Proect 78 The Puzzle of Nonviolence in Western Sahara Matthew Porges and Christian Leuprecht Royal Military College of Canada DEMOCRACY AND SECURITY 2016, VOL. 00, NO. 00, 1–20 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2015.1100500 The Puzzle of Nonviolence in Western Sahara Matthew Porges and Christian Leuprecht Department of Political Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony that has been con- Nonviolence; Sahrawi; 5 trolled by Morocco since 1975, has seen virtually no violent Western Sahara; Polisario; resistance by the indigenous Sahrawi people since the conclu- resistance sion of a 1975–1991 war between Morocco and the pro-inde- pendence Polisario Front. That lack of political violence is puzzling in light of several factors, including broad support 10 for independence, social and economic disparities between Moroccan and Sahrawi inhabitants and Morocco’s repression of Sahrawi culture, resistance, and expressions of pro-indepen- dence sentiment. This article examines the absence of violence and draws lessons from Western Sahara: why some popula- 15 tions resort to violent resistance and others do not, and how best to frame and to study politically charged subjects such as insurgency, terrorism, and sovereignty. In addition to advan- cing theories of nonviolence, this article makes a methodolo- gical contribution to the study of resistance movements and 20 improves our understanding of the conflict through fieldwork that included approximately 60 interviews with Sahrawi acti- vists conducted in Morocco and Western Sahara. Western Sahara is difficult to study for a number of reasons, including its remoteness, relative international obscurity, and Moroccan 25 suppression of dissenting research. -
Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa Task Force 2015 University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA TASK FORCE 2015 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON JACKSON SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1 TASKFORCE HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS __________________ Adams, Robert IN THE MIDDLE Ames, Erica Bots, Blanka EAST AND Capobianco, Lauren Chrisman, Daniel NORTH AFRICA Hooper, Sasha TASK FORCE 2015 Krebsbach, Kristine UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Land, Michael JACKSON SCHOOL OF Lezzi, Ottavia INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Morgen, Jacob TASK FORCE ADVISOR Denis Bašić, Ph.D. Song, Brandon Terebey, Skye Task Force Evaluator Joe Stork, Deputy Director of Human Rights Watch, Middle East and North Africa Division Coordinator Tiffany Butler Editor Auric Kaur 2 3 To our Professor, Denis Bašić who has taught us, “Within a system which denies the existence of basic human rights, fear tends to be the order of the day. Fear of imprisonment, fear of torture, fear of death, fear of losing friends, family, property or means of livelihood, fear of poverty, fear of isolation, fear of failure. A most insidious form of fear is that which masquerades as common sense or even wisdom, condemning as foolish, reckless, insignificant or futile the small, daily acts of courage which help to preserve man's self-respect and inherent human dignity. It is not easy for a people conditioned by fear under the iron rule of the principle that might is right to free themselves from the enervating miasma of fear. Yet even under the most crushing state machinery courage rises up again and again, for fear is not the natural state of civilized man.” ― Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom from Fear The members of this Task Force wish to thank Denis Bašić for challenging our own thoughts and advising us to think critically about the deeply embed reasons that are rooted in these human rights concerns. -
REPORTS Western Sahara a Thematic Report from the Norwegian Refugee Council, 2014
REPORTS Western Sahara A thematic report from the Norwegian Refugee Council, 2014 OCCUPIED COUNTRY, DISPLACED PEOPLE ›› 2 WESTERN SAHARA>BACKGROUND OCCUPIED COUNTRY, DISPLACED PEOPLE Western Sahara – Africa’s last colony More than 80 former colonies have diminished over the past few years is it to have right on your side if gained independence since the UN and is very unpredictable. Malnu- you do not get justice? While the Sahrawis wait for their rights to be respected, the international com- was founded, a process which has trition and anaemia are widespread affected more than one billion people, and the education sector is disinte- Western Sahara is clearly neglected munity has chosen to look the other way. The Sahrawis have learned through and in which the UN itself has played grating. For the government in exile by the international community. a crucial and driving role. the struggle is twofold: they have to Humanitarian assistance is decreas- bitter experience that without the help of powerful friends, it is of little use to meet the refugees’ immediate needs ing year by year, there is little media have justice on your side. Richard Skretteberg For most of us the decolonisation of at the same time as carrying out attention, and minimal will on the Editor Africa belongs to the history books, nation-building in exile. The refu- part of the international community and is viewed as one of the UN’s gees fear that dependence on aid to find a solution along the lines that Ever since Morocco invaded this thinly popu- crimination. There is now an increased The partition of the country is the result of greatest successes. -
The Land and Its People Mena.Pdf 3.71 MB
The Land and Its People Civil Society Voices Address the Crisis over Natural Resources in the Middle East/North Africa Housing and Land Rights Network Habitat International Coalition The Land and Its People: Civil Society Voices Address the Crisis over Natural Resources in the Middle East/North Africa Housing and Land Rights Network Habitat International Coalition Housing and Land Rights Network HABITAT INTERNATIONAL COALITION Coordination Office and Middle East/North Africa Program: 12 Tiba Street, Floor 2 • Muhandisin, Cairo EGYPT Tel./Fax: +20 (0)2 3478–6379 • E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Website: www.hlrn.org / www.hic-mena.org South Asian Regional Program: B–28, Nizamuddin East • Delhi 110013 INDIA Tel./ Fax: +91 (0)11 2435–8492 • E-mail: [email protected] Latin America Program (HIC-AL): Coalitión Internacional Habitat—México Huatusco No. 39 • Col. Roma Sur • 06760 México, D.F. MÉXICO Tel: +52 (0)55 12 15 86 • Fax: +52 (0)55 12 38 42 E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.hic-al.org Sub-Saharan Africa Program (SSAP): c/o Mazingira Institute P.O. Box 14550 • Nairobi KENYA Tel: 254 (0)2 443–226/443–229/443–219 • Fax: +254 (0)2 444–643 E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.mazinst.org UN Liaison Office: 8, rue Gustave Moynier • 1202 Geneva SWITZERLAND Tel./Fax: +41 (0)22 738–8167 • E-mail: [email protected] The Land and Its People: Civil Society Voices Address the Crisis over Natural Resources in the Middle East/North Africa Copyright © 2015 Housing and Land Rights Network Made possible with support from: 2 Contents Welcome ......................................................................................................................................................