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This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. Emergency Preparedness Protection civile Canada Canada PROTECTING CATEGORY = VITAL POINTS DURING TIME tbF WAR OR SERIOUS CIVIL CRISIS EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CANADA ,*.-..a. ^ Ca^^ad' c7zi ee • PROTECTING CATEGORY M:r.. VITAL POINTS DURING TIME drizi WAR OR SERIOUS CIVIL .IS XS EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CANADA ""'" ntrcilt, .,à ", • F C ' -p ■ </(.) eriteC!'irgl EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CANADA DIRECTORATE OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS COORDINATION AND THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON VITAL POINTS CONTRACT STUDY REPORT ON PROTECTING CATEGORY II VITAL POINTS DURING TIME OF WAR OR SERIOUS CIVIL CRISIS BY R.R. Geddes This report is the property of Emergency Preparedness Canada. The report does not necessarily represent the views of, or reflect the policies of Emergency Preparedness Canada. Ottawa, Canada Ziab March 1988 SUMMARY The Canadian Vital Points Program has enjoyed an enviable record since 1914. The allies have been able neither to match the Canadian civil program nor to sustain their military equivalents. Although an off-and-on interest, the Canadian civil program has evolved and been refined since its 1914 origins. The main limitation in the Canadian Vital Points Program is the practice of self-help, amateur security intelligence estimates. It provides a dangerous base for the contingency planning of the protection of the nation's vital points, and must be replaced by the professional security intelligence processes. The threat to civil vital points is assessed as being small cell and individual acts of sabotage across the complete spectrum of violence and destructive power. The fence, padlock and security guard will no longer provide adequate protection during times of war and serious civil crisis. Consequently, a shift'is required in thought processes from World War II era protection to protection from sabotage in a high-tech era characterized by computer crime, mass destruction terror and mind manipulating communications. The role of the Canadian Forces is to defend Canada from external military aggression. The normal, first line protection of property against criminal acts is an owner's responsibility. Sabotage is an offence under the Criminal Code of Canada. Therefore, the protection of civil vital points' property against acts of sabotage is considered to be a civil law and order function in which the owners or occupants are responsible for providing the normal, first line protection. The various levels of government having jurisdiction are responsible for the provision of appropriate emergency response, backup protective services. That concept is current policy for the Vital Points Program. Because it appears to be the only practicable approach, that policy for the protection of Category II Vital Points should be confirmed and reinforced. Chapter 7 summarizes the main recommendations. The general thrust is to shift the emphasis from the emergency protection of vital points to a prevention directed, ongoing state of good security based on an integrated system of education and informed employee/occupants' best self-interests in combination with modern, passive and active protection measures. Under that concept, the crisis task would be the limited augmentation of guards within an already effective protective system. 1800-1 (EPC) January 5, 1987 THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON VITAL POINTS SUB-COMMITTEE STUDY ON THE GUARDING OF CIVIL VITAL POINTS GUIDELINES (FOURTH DRAFT) Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop an outline plan or plans for protecting Category II vital points (VPs) during time of war or serious civil crisis which, under the worst scenario, would include the requirement to make special arrangements to protect all Category II VPs concurrently for a period of up to six months. Study Specifications The study group will consider such matters as the threat, manning, training, equipping, estimated costs, financial and other resource sharing, draft orders and regulations as well as any emergency measures which may need to be added to the Government Emergency Book. Reports The Chairman of the study group will make progress reports at the ACVP meetings. A final report is to be presented to the ACVP by April 1, 1988. Membership Chairman DND RCMP The sub-committee may call upon the expertise of members of the ACVP, government departments or any other advisor who may contribute to the study. Guidelines (cont'd) Other Considerations The Solicitor General of Canada is responsible for the security of Category I VPs. However after the first three months of a crisis, assistance could be required from other sources. It is assumed that a 30-day notice could be expected at the end of which all Category II VPs would be provided with the necessary protection. Security guards for federal VPs could be under control of a federal authority while guards for provincial/territorial VPs might be under control of provincial authorities. The requirement for a security coordinating group should be considered by the study group. The approximate number of security guards required for VPs will be provided by the RCMP. The degree of protection for each VP will vary with the importance of the VP, the nature of the threat, and whether the country is at war or peace. ADDENDUM During a 10 September, 1987 meeting of the Emergency Preparedness Canada Director of Emergency Operations Coordination, his Study Project Officer and the study consultant, it was a agreed that: 1. the study is to be general in nature and not specific to individual vital points; 2. the study report will contain a glossary of terms related to the threat to and protection of vital points for the purposes of avoiding contextual misunderstandings; 3. the reports recommendations for the protection of Category II Vital Points shall be directly related to the analysis of the threat to vital points, which the study consultant is to develop; and 4. air attack by bombers, missiles and nuclear weapons is beyond the scope of the study. The contract was given to the consultant on 18 June, 1987 as EPC contract #7A-170, certified under Section 25 of the FAA on 25 May, 1987. TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY STUDY GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY Chapter 1 - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 101- Purpose 102-103 First World War 104-105 Between the Wars 106-114 World War II 115- Protected Areas 116-119 United States - World War II 120- United Kingdom - World War II 121-126 Post 1945 127-128 Conclusion Chapter 2 - TODAY'S VITAL POINTS PROGRAM 201- Object 202-203 Vital Points Manual 204-205 General 206-208 Separate Military Programs 209-210 Vital Points Committees 211- Industrial Advisory Bodies 212-214 Vital Points Ledger and Lists 215-218 Categories and Classifications 219- Responsibility for Protection 220- Total Vital Points by Region and Sponsor 221- Allies Do Not Have Solutions 222- United States Today 223-225 United Kingdom Today 226- Federal Republic of (West) Germany Chapter 3 - INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE ESSENTIAL 301-302 No Official Intelligence Estimate 303- Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) 304-306 Intelligence Mindset 307- A Canadian Responsibility 308-309 Intelligence Requirement 310- Conclusion Chapter 4 - NOTES ON THE THREAT 401- Purpose 402-403 Excluded from this Study 404- Official Intelligence Estimate not Available 405- By an Amateur for Amateurs 406-408 World War III (Warsaw Pact vs NATO) 409- Military Doctrine of Operations in Depth 410- Transporting the Threat 411-412 Soviet KGB Operates in Canada 413- Legal Agents 414- "Illegals" 415-418 Moles in High Places 419- Fellow Travellers 420-423 Disinformation 424-427 Spetsnaz (Troops of Special Designation) 428- Serious Civil Crisis Definition 429-434 The Computer Age 435-436 Terrorists and Terrorism 437-438 Terrorism Reference Studies 439-442 Nuclear, Radiological, Biological and Chemical 443-447 High Tech Era Terrorism Incidents 448-450 Canada's Own Squamish Five 451-454 Timing of Acts of Sabotage 455-461 Probable Period of Warning 462-464 Soviet Selection of Targets for Sabotage 465-469 Conclusion Chapter 5 - PROTECTING CANADA'S VITAL POINTS 501- Purpose 502-503 Study Task 504- Vital Points Categories, Classifications and Policy 505-507 Protecting Category I Vital Points 508-511 Category