Unit 7 Lesson 62

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Unit 7 Lesson 62 Lesson 62 God Judges Rebellion Lesson Focus Three men rebelled against Moses and Aaron’s God-given leadership. God judged them by supernaturally opening the earth and swallowing them up. The people blamed Moses and Aaron and continued to complain. God sent ery serpents that killed some. Only those who looked to the bronze serpent were saved from God’s judgment. Key Passages Numbers , ­:–; John :– What You Will Learn • How God judged Korah for his rebellion against Moses. • How God showed mercy to the Israelites through the bronze serpent. Memory Verse Deuteronomy : Know therefore that the L your God is God, the faithful God who keeps covenant and steadfast love with those who love him and keep his commandments, to a thousand generations. Adult • Unit Lesson • Limited license to copy issued First Baptist Church, Ozark, MO Prepare to Learn Scriptural Background After hearing the report of the Moses’ summons to talk. They falsely spies about giants in the land, accused him of making himself a the Israelites refused to enter the prince, trying to kill them in the promised land. For their rebellion, wilderness, and not leading them into God decreed that all the people would the promised land. These lies made wander in the wilderness for years Moses angry, and he asked the Lord until the adults perished. Only Joshua to justify him (Numbers :–). and Caleb, the spies who gave a The next day, the rebels and the positive report and urged the people leaders assembled at the entrance to trust God for victory, would get to of the tent of meeting. This take possession of the promised land rebellious gathering incurred the along with the Israelites under age wrath of the Lord, who was ready to (Numbers :–). destroy the whole congregation of During the wilderness Israel if Moses and Aaron had not wanderings, several men instigated interceded for them. Instead, God a rebellion against the leadership of in his mercy told Moses to warn the Moses, Aaron, and ultimately, God. Israelites to move away from Korah, Korah was from the tribe of Levi Dathan, and Abiram and their and a cousin of Moses and Aaron. dwellings (Numbers :–). He desired leadership and authority. Moses said that if God miraculously Korah gathered Israelite leaders, opened the earth and swallowed up including Dathan and Abiram who the rebels, then the people would were leaders from the tribe of Reuben. know that these men “despised They assembled against Moses and the L” (Numbers :). When Aaron, claiming that all the Israelites he nished speaking, God did were holy because God dwelt among exactly that—an earthquake split them. Then they accused Moses the ground open, and those men, and Aaron of exalting themselves their families, and their belongings to positions of authority (Numbers fell into the chasm—and the earth :–). Moses proposed a test where closed over them. The Israelites God would show whom he wanted panicked and ¡ed. Then re from to be priests. Moses recognized that the Lord consumed the leaders pride and jealousy were behind the who were vying for the priesthood men’s actions. They were not only (Numbers :–). challenging his and Aaron’s authority In spite of these judgments, the but also God’s since he appointed Israelites continued to complain. them (Numbers :). Dathan and The next day, they accused Moses Abiram refused to even answer of killing the rebels and leaders. God • Lesson Adult • Unit Limited license to copy issued First Baptist Church, Ozark, MO responded by sending a plague that serpents that bit the people, causing was only halted by Aaron making many to die. The people recognized atonement for them (Numbers their sin and came to Moses and :¢–). Later in their travels, asked him to pray on their behalf. the people became desperate and God answered with an amazing grumbled for water. Moses and Aaron picture of the coming Savior. He had did not follow God’s instructions for Moses make a bronze serpent and providing water from a rock, and set it on a pole in the camp. Anyone for their disobedience, God said who was bitten by the snakes could they would not enter the promised look to the serpent and be healed land either (Numbers :–). The (Numbers :–¤). Just as the bronze complaining continued when the serpent saved the people from people griped about food and water, physical death, Christ was raised on even saying they hated the manna a cross so that all who look to him God provided (Numbers :). This for salvation may be saved from time, God judged them with ery eternal death (John :–). Historical/Apologetics Background People may wonder why God :–). Unfortunately, even this instructed Moses to make the great picture of salvation was twisted bronze serpent for the people to for pagan worship. Years later in look to for healing. But there are the promised land, the Israelites several lessons God wanted to teach worshipped the bronze serpent until his people. First, God was teaching King Hezekiah destroyed it ( Kings them about faith. There was nothing :). How easy it was for them to supernatural in the bronze serpent slip into pagan practices instead of that could heal them; only God worshipping God alone. could do that. But he wanted the One question that arises from people to have faith in his Word that Korah’s rebellion and God’s judgment they would be healed if they looked is why the families of the rebels to it. Second, the serpent on the pole were destroyed along with the men. was also a reminder of their sin, Numbers :¢ records that Dathan which brought the judgment of the and Abiram came out of their tents poisonous snakes. Finally, God was and stood with their wives, sons, and giving a picture of the coming Savior. little ones. When the earth opened Just as the serpent was raised up on up, Korah and these men, along with a pole, so Jesus was raised up on the their households and possessions, fell cross to su¨er. The people had to alive into the pit, and the earth closed believe God would save them when over them (Numbers :–). This they looked to the serpent, and we may seem like a harsh punishment must believe in Christ’s sacricial for the families of those men, but death and subsequent resurrection there are several things to keep in to be saved from eternal death (John mind. First, all people, no matter Adult • Unit Lesson • Limited license to copy issued First Baptist Church, Ozark, MO their age, are sinners by nature army ( Chronicles :). God would deserving of God’s wrath. It is only have been just to punish all the people by his great mercy that we are not for assembling against him, but they all consumed (Lamentations :– were spared. Although the people KJV). Second, God emphasized the didn’t heed the warning—even in the seriousness of rebellion by including miracle of an earthquake—and spoke the families in the punishment. against Moses the following day, God Rebellion spreads and a¨ects others. mercifully allowed Aaron to stand in Korah, Dathan, and Abiram involved the gap for them to stop the ensuing the leaders from other tribes. The plague (Numbers :–). Bible even lists rebellion with the sin These accounts of rebellion and of witchcraft ( Samuel :). God judgment should be warnings to knew that the Israelites would not us. In fact, the Apostle Paul said survive as a ¡edgling nation if they that they were written down for rebelled against his authority and our instruction ( Corinthians his appointed leaders. They had to :–). The apostle warns us be unied in their obedience to God not to desire evil, not to indulge in and his laws. This lesson had to be sexual immorality, and not to put memorable for the people, and it was. Christ to the test or grumble as Over , years later, Jude warns some of them did. Like they were, against false teachers who reject we, too, are weak and prone to God’s authority and follow in the sin. But thankfully, God gives us footsteps of Korah’s rebellion (Jude :, this promise: “No temptation has :). Finally, God still demonstrated overtaken you that is not common mercy in this account. Moses told the to man. God is faithful, and he will men to return the next day, which not let you be tempted beyond your gave them time to repent, but they ability, but with the temptation he didn’t. He also showed mercy to the will also provide the way of escape, people by warning them to remove that you may be able to endure it” themselves from the rebellious men. ( Corinthians :). May we take Korah’s sons heeded this warning the way of escape that God provides. and were spared (Numbers :), And when we don’t, may we have and their descendants would include soft hearts to recognize our sin and the prophet Samuel, musicians in the confess it quickly, looking to Jesus service of King David ( Chronicles for forgiveness and cleansing! :–), and warriors in David’s AStudying God’s Word How can staring at a bronze serpent heal a snake bite? • Lesson Adult • Unit Limited license to copy issued First Baptist Church, Ozark, MO Take notes as you study the following passages. Korah’s Rebellion Numbers Numbers : – Fiery Serpents Numbers : – The Serpent and the Son Activity In the early days of Jesus’ ministry, he had a late-night encounter with Nicodemus, a leader of the Jews. You have probably read the account, and maybe you have wondered what the serpent being lifted up was all about.
Recommended publications
  • 1. the Account of Korah and His Followers Numbers 16:1-40 We Read the Account in Our First Two Lenten Thoughts On… Rebellion Scripture Readings This Morning
    Holy Trinity Lutheran Church centuries ago. And then we will learn lessons Des Moines, WA for our faith and our Christian life as we worship God this Lent. March 3, 2013 1. The account of Korah and his followers Numbers 16:1-40 We read the account in our first two Lenten Thoughts on… Rebellion Scripture readings this morning. Background 1. The account of Korah and his information will be very helpful to us in followers understanding what exactly was happening in that power struggle. Looking back, the 2. Lenten lessons for our faith and life Israelites had left Egypt in a dramatic exodus. Moses had led them through the parted Red Sea and Pharaoh’s army had been dashed to Hymns: 385 – 302 – Distribution: 116, 124 – pieces behind them. Then the community of Closing: 114 (6-7) Israel had journeyed through the wilderness to Mt. Sinai, where they had paused for quite a All Scripture quotations from NIV 1984 while as Moses received the laws of God on the mountain. Then they had traveled northward all the way to the southern border of the Power struggles! They are common in our Promised Land. Spies had been sent to check world today: out Canaan and had returned with a negative • Nations struggle for power. We watch report: “We can’t take this land! The cities are on news channels as nations undergo too fortified and the people are too strong!” riots and depose their governmental Therefore, in Numbers 14 God declared that leaders. due to their lack of faith and their complaint • Our own Congress struggles for power.
    [Show full text]
  • Bible Study of Jude Jude
    Bible Study of Jude Jude – The Half-Brother of Jesus Reminds Us, “We Serve our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ” Pastor David Nehrenz Trinity Lutheran Church Norman, OK. Date: 7-29-18 Lesson: 4 A. THE TEXT (vv. 3-8) (1) Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James, To those who are called, beloved in God the Father and kept for Jesus Christ: (2) May mercy, peace, and love be multiplied to you. (3) Beloved, although I was very eager to write to you about our common salvation, I found it necessary to write appealing to you to contend for the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints. (4) For certain people have crept in unnoticed who long ago were designated for this condemnation, ungodly people, who pervert the grace of our God into sensuality and deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ. (5) Now I want to remind you, although you once fully knew it, that Jesus, who saved a people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed those who did not believe. (6) And the angels who did not stay within their own position of authority, but left their proper dwelling, he has kept in eternal chains under gloomy darkness until the judgment of the great day-- (7) just as Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding cities, which likewise indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire, serve as an example by undergoing a punishment of eternal fire. (8) Yet in like manner these people also, relying on their dreams, defile the flesh, reject authority, and blaspheme the glorious ones.
    [Show full text]
  • It Is Written Bible Guide
    THE OLD TESTAMENT BOOK AUTHOR THEME KEY WORD KEY VERSE BOOKS OF THE LAW The Beginning of Man’s Sin and God’s Genesis Moses Beginning Genesis 17:7 Redemption Plan Exodus Moses God Redeems His Chosen People Deliverence Exodus 3:14 Leviticus Moses God Provides Access for Fellowship Holiness Lev 20:7-8 Numbers Moses God Instructs and Disciplines Unbelief Num 6:24-26 Deuteronomy Moses God Requires Obedience Remember Deut 6:4-5 BOOKS OF HISTORY Joshua Joshua God Fulfills His Promise of a Land Success Joshua 1:7 Judges Unknown God’s Mercy and Compassion History Judges 22:25 Ruth Unknown God’s Love Extended Redeemer Ruth 1:16 Samuel Prayer 1 Sam 15:22 1 & 2 Samuel God Chooses and Guides a King Unknown Consequences 2 Sam 7:11-13 Choices 1 Kings 18:21 1 & 2 Kings Unknown God Rules Israel Supreme 2 Kings 13:23 Sovereignty 1 Chr17:14 1 & 2 Chronicles Ezra God Preserves The Royal Seed Faithfulness 2 Chr 7:19-20 Ezra Ezra God Restores Israel Return Ezra 3:11-12 Nehemiah Nehemiah God Rebuilds Jerusalem Rebuilding Nehemiah 8:10 Esther Unknown God Protects Israel Deliverance Esther 4:14 BOOKS OF WISDOM Job Unknown God Tests Job Worship Job 19:25-26 David, Asaph, Solomon, Psalms God Receives Worship Praise Psalm 145:21 Moses, sons of Korah Solomon, Agur, Proverbs God Teaches Wisdom Fear the Lord Prov 3:5-6 Lemuel Ecclesiastes Solomon God is Infinite; Man is Finite Meaningless Ecc 12:13-14 Song of Song of Solomon God Blesses Human Love Love’s Mysteries Solomon Solomon 8:7 BOOK AUTHOR THEME KEY WORD KEY VERSE BOOKS OF PROPHECY Isaiah Isaiah God’s Great Salvation
    [Show full text]
  • Elisha's Unbearable Curse: a Study of 2 Kings.2:23-25
    Mercer Elisha 's Unbearable Curse 165 ----~--------------------------------------- ELISHA'S UNBEARABLE CURSE: A STUDY OF 2 KINGS.2:23-25 MARK MERCER INTRODUCTION The idea of "to curse" or that of a "curse" is found in most African societies.' Curses might be pronounced by a parent, by sorcerers or Dr. Mark Merrer is lecturer at the Nairobi Evangelical Graduate School of Theology, Kenya. He earned his B.A. in History from Texas Tech University in 1975 and his Th.M. (1979) and Th.D. (1987) in Semitics and Old Testament Studies from Dallas Theological Seminary. 1 Charles Dundas. "History ofKitui," The Journal ofthe Royal Anthropological Institute 43 ( 1913): 528-9; Richard J. Gehman, African Traditional Religion in Biblical Perspective (Kijabe, Kenya: Kesho Publications. 1989), 63; C. W. Hobley, Bantu Beliefs and Magic: With Particular Reforence to the Kilcuyu and Kamba Tribes ofKenya Colony together with Some Reflections on East Africa after the War (London: Frank Cass & Co., 1938), 103-4, 145; Gerhard Lindblom, The Akamba in British East Africa: An Ethnological Monograph, 2d ed., en I. (Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktoyckeri, Aktiebolag, 1920; reprint ed., New York: Negro Universities Press, I %9), 171, 182-5, 280, 336, 519, 540; John Middleton, The Central Tribes ofthe North-Eastern Bantu, Ethnographic Survey of Africa: East Central Africa, part v, ed. Daryll Forde (London: International African Institute, 1953), 94; A. Scott Moreau, The World ofthe Spirits: A Biblical Study in the African Context (Nairobi: Evangel Publishing House, 1990), 12, 112; J. H. Blackwood Murphy, "The Kitui Akamba: Further Investigation on Certain Matters," The Journal ofthe Royal Anthropological Institute 56 (1926): 195; Joseph Muthian~ Akambafrom Within: Egalitarianism in Social Relations (Jericho, NY: Exposition Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Kebra Nagast
    TheQueenofShebaand HerOnlySonMenyelek (KëbraNagast) translatedby SirE.A.WallisBudge InparenthesesPublications EthiopianSeries Cambridge,Ontario2000 Preface ThisvolumecontainsacompleteEnglishtranslationofthe famousEthiopianwork,“TheKëbraNagast,”i.e.the“Gloryof theKings[ofEthiopia].”Thisworkhasbeenheldinpeculiar honourinAbyssiniaforseveralcenturies,andthroughoutthat countryithasbeen,andstillis,veneratedbythepeopleas containingthefinalproofoftheirdescentfromtheHebrew Patriarchs,andofthekinshipoftheirkingsoftheSolomonic linewithChrist,theSonofGod.Theimportanceofthebook, bothforthekingsandthepeopleofAbyssinia,isclearlyshown bytheletterthatKingJohnofEthiopiawrotetothelateLord GranvilleinAugust,1872.Thekingsays:“Thereisabook called’KiveraNegust’whichcontainstheLawofthewholeof Ethiopia,andthenamesoftheShûms[i.e.Chiefs],and Churches,andProvincesareinthisbook.IÊprayyoufindout whohasgotthisbook,andsendittome,forinmycountrymy peoplewillnotobeymyorderswithoutit.”Thefirstsummary ofthecontentsofthe KëbraNagast waspublishedbyBruceas farbackas1813,butlittleinterestwasrousedbyhissomewhat baldprécis.And,inspiteofthelaboursofPrætorius,Bezold, andHuguesleRoux,thecontentsoftheworkarestill practicallyunknowntothegeneralreaderinEngland.Itis hopedthatthetranslationgiveninthefollowingpageswillbe ii Preface ofusetothosewhohavenotthetimeoropportunityfor perusingtheEthiopicoriginal. TheKëbraNagast isagreatstorehouseoflegendsand traditions,somehistoricalandsomeofapurelyfolk-lore character,derivedfromtheOldTestamentandthelater Rabbinicwritings,andfromEgyptian(bothpaganand
    [Show full text]
  • Parshah 38 Korach – Korah Torah
    Parshah 38 Korach – Korah Torah – B'midbar/Numbers 16:1 – 18:32. Haftarah – 1 Samuel 11:14 – 12:22. B`rit Hachadashah – Acts 5:1- 11. What is your obsession? B'midbar / Numbers 16:14 - " You haven`t at all brought us into a land flowing with milk and honey, and haven`t put us in possession of fields and vineyards. Do you think you can gouge out these men`s eyes and blind them? We won`t come up!" (CJB) The commentary of Rabbi Marcelo Guimarães (B’midbar page 112) begins with a warning so strong that when reading, I was fully aware of the moment we are living. I was on a bus returning from Ipiaú to Salvador, Brazil, and reading his comment. I had to stop reading, pondering, praying and re-read until the end of his comment. In fact, with each sentence of the comment I read, God was opening my spiritual eyes to the current situation how the Messianic Movement is going through. I proposed that as soon as I got home, I would call Rabbi Marcelo. No need, he called me, and we had a long talk about it. Rabbi Marcelo's comment is a prophecy. While talking to him, he realized that when he wrote this comment in 2007, he was not aware of it, but now things became clear. Let us see what Rabbi Marcelo says in this comment: "We will speak of Korah, whose life marked the life of Moses, Aaron and the interesting things that happened to him, Dathan and Aviram.
    [Show full text]
  • Parashat Korah (Numbers 16-18) Is a Disquieting Read. Not the Sort of Thing One Would Ordinarily Turn to in the Night for Solace Or Comfort
    Dark Narratives Torah Reflections on Parashat Korah June 21, 2014 23 Sivan 5774 Parashat Korah (Numbers 16-18) is a disquieting read. Not the sort of thing one would ordinarily turn to in the night for solace or comfort. It is a tale of human strife and contentiousness that results in severe divine punishment: the earth opens to swallow the rebellious ones; a plague destroys thousands in the Israelite community. Actually, though, this section of the Torah might surprise us, and prove helpful when we feel embattled and wounded. The parashah begins and ends with “taking.” In Numbers 16:1, “vayikah Korah” — Korah challenges the authority of Moses and Aaron, and threatens to take over; and in 18:26 and 28, “tik-hu mei-et b’nei Yisrael” — the Levites take tithes from the Israelites. The verb lakah (‘take’) frames the movement from rebellion and violence to a final portrait of the levitical social order. Indeed, this verb is like a musical note running through these three chapters—eleven occurrences in all, each one resonating against the others to teach us that a dynamic and meaningful process is unfolding. Particular words resonate in our lives, too. The words we choose to describe our circumstances, the way we tell and retell our stories, matter. And, if we pay attention, these words and stories can help us understand the process that is unfolding in our own lives. “There is something about telling a tale again and again,” writes Diane Cole in After Great Pain , “that in and of itself gives shape and meaning to experience.” We see this patterning of words also in the Psalms.
    [Show full text]
  • Torah Talk for Korah 5781 Numbers 16-18 Num. 16:12 Moses Sent for Dathan and Abiram, Sons of Eliab
    Torah Talk for Korah 5781 Numbers 16-18 Num. 16:12 Moses sent for Dathan and Abiram, sons of Eliab; but they said, “We will not come! 13 Is it not enough that you brought us from a land flowing with milk and honey to have us die in the wilderness, that you would also lord it over us? 14 Even if you had brought us to a land flowing with milk and honey, and given us possession of fields and vineyards, should you gouge out those men’s [= our] eyes? We will not come!” 15 Moses was much aggrieved and he said to the LORD, “Pay no regard to their oblation. I have not taken the ass of any one of them, nor have I wronged any one of them.” Nili Fox, “Numbers,” Jewish Study Bible The rebels call Egypt a land flowing with milk and honey, thus attributing the bounty of the promised land to Egypt, the land of enslavement. Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus (Anchor Bible) to Lev 20:24 a land flowing with milk and honey. This figure is generally taken as a metaphor for fruits as pure as milk and as sweet as honey. Recently, the proposal has been made that this expression is to be understood literally: it contrasts YHWH with Baal, the fertility god of the Canaanites, who ordains that šmm. šmn. tmṭrn/nḫlm. tlk. nbtm ‘the heavens rain fat/oil and the wadis flow with honey’ (KTU 1.6 III:12–13). “In this YHWH may have been doing one better than Baal—if Israelites valued dairy products over vegetable fat” (Stern 1992: 555).
    [Show full text]
  • Don't Kid Yourself, Jesus Is Lord! – a Talk Based on Jude 5 – 16: Oct
    Don't Kid Yourself, Jesus is Lord! – A Talk Based on Jude 5 – 16: Oct. 27, 2019 Good morning! How is everyone today? I want to personally thank each of you for making the choice to be here today – making the choice to surrender this time to Christ and let Him be in control for a change --- Isn’t that the reality though – it is a choice – it doesn’t come naturally to us --- we would like to think it is easy for us to give Jesus control of our lives – but it is way easier said then done and more often than not – we are the roadblock. Show Video – The Stool Does that look familiar to any of us – does that look like any of us? I know it does me You know the first Sunday of every month we celebrate communion and in doing so we remember the sacrifice Christ gave on our behalf, thanking Him for becoming sin so that our sins may be forgiven – the act of partaking in communion is our way of connecting with Christ – becoming one in remembrance with Him and proclaiming Him as Lord and Savior. But do our actions match our words? We proclaim Him as Lord – with celebrate His atoning gift and give thanks with our lips, but do we give obedience with our hearts and with our deeds? We have been studying the Book of Jude and that is the question Jude asks – that is the warning he shouts at full voice as he gives us example after of example and warning after warning.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DILEMMA of the UNWORTHY PROPHET by JR BASKIN Balaam
    ORIGEN ON BALAAM: THE DILEMMA OF THE UNWORTHY PROPHET BY J. R. BASKIN Balaam, the pagan seer of Numbers 22-24 and 31, created perplexing difficulties for patristic exegetes. His prediction of the star which would rise from Jacob (Num 24:17), widely read as foretelling the Incarnation, secured him a place among the gentile prophets of Christ, and establish- ed him as a founder of the Magi. His biblically recorded misdeeds, however, particularly his part in engineering the Israelite fall into im- morality and idolatry at Baal Peor (Num 25 and 31:16), raised serious questions about his worthiness to deliver God's word. Thus, Christian tradition found in Balaam both villain and prophet. Among the Church Fathers who grappled with this contradictory figure, Origen is of special interest, for in his efforts to understand Balaam he not only discusses the nature of prophecy, but also finds in this inspired miscreant a model of redemption and gentile salvation. New Testament references to Balaam reflect the view of Balaam as villain. Revelations 2:4 recounts Balaam's part in leading the Israelites into idolatry and debauchery: "But I have a few things against you: You have some there who hold the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to put a stumbling block before the sons of Israel, that they might eat food sacrificed to idols and practice immorality." The belief that Balaam had been tempted by the promise of riches becomes a motif in two other New Testament citations. Jude 1:11 declares, "Woe to them! For they walk in the way of Cain, and abandon
    [Show full text]
  • Queen Mothers of Judah and the Religious Trends That Develop During Their Sons' Reign
    Olivet Nazarene University Digital Commons @ Olivet Honors Program Projects Honors Program 5-2021 Mothers and Sons: Queen Mothers of Judah and the Religious Trends that Develop During Their Sons' Reign Brian Bowen Olivet Nazarene University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/honr_proj Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Bowen, Brian, "Mothers and Sons: Queen Mothers of Judah and the Religious Trends that Develop During Their Sons' Reign" (2021). Honors Program Projects. 120. https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/honr_proj/120 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at Digital Commons @ Olivet. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Olivet. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A huge special thanks to my advisor, Kevin Mellish, Ph.D. for working with me through the whole research process from the seed of an idea to the final polished draft. Without his guidance, this project would not exist. Thank you to Pam Greenlee, Sandy Harris, and the Interlibrary Loan Department for helping me to get access to resources that would not have been available to me otherwise. Thank you to Elizabeth Schurman, Ph.D., and Dan Sharda, Ph.D. for assisting with the submission process to the Honors Council for the annotated bibliography, proposal, and thesis. Also, thanks to Elizabeth Schurman, Ph.D., Eddie Ellis, Ph.D., and Larry Murphy, Ph.D. for support with the editing and polishing of my thesis. Thanks to the Olivet Nazarene University Honors Council for giving me the opportunity and means to do this research project.
    [Show full text]
  • Tord Fornberg 1. Balaam in Jude and 2 Peter
    BALAAM AND 2 PETER 2:15: ‘THEY HAVE FOLLOWED IN THE STEPS OF BALAAM’ ( JUDE 11) Tord Fornberg 1. Balaam in Jude and 2 Peter The Letter of Jude only briefly refers to Balaam.1 The very short note in verse 11 mentions him as follows: ‘they . abandon themselves to Balaam’s error for the sake of gain’.2 His name occurs in a combination of three frightening examples of sinners from times long ago: Cain, Balaam and Korah (cf. Tosefta Sotah 4:19).3 The false teachers attacked by the author of Jude are presumed to show the same qualities as these three sinners in the past history of humanity. Cain (Genesis 4) was often described as an Epicurean,4 an atheist or at least as one who denied the existence of divine justice, for we are never told why God did not accept his sacrifice. Balaam is singled out as someone who did not preach his message because he honestly believed in it, but because of greed, saying what people wanted to hear and thus were prepared to pay him for saying. Korah (Numbers 16), finally, rebelled against God’s servant Moses and perished suddenly and unexpectedly when the earth swallowed up him and his two companions Dathan and Abiram. There is a broad consensus today that the author of 2 Peter5 had access to the letter of Jude and used that letter extensively when he 1 On Balaam and his reception history see, e.g., L. Schmidt, ‘Bileam I. Altes Testament’, in: Theologische Realenzyklopädie 6 (Berlin/New York 1980), 635–9; P.
    [Show full text]