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Download, 5 Mei 2016.Pukul 21.41 WIB Widyantoro, Bambang 1 International Seminar on “Dakwah, Local Wisdom and Transnational Islam” 27-30 April 2018 Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Antasari Banjarmasin PROCEEDING Copyright © 2018 ISBN: 978-602-0828-77-0 Editors: Dr. Zainal Pikri, M.Ag., MA. Dr. Hj. Halimatus Sakdiah, S.Ag., M.Si. Armiah, S.IP., M.Si. Najla Amaly, S.Ikom., M.Med.Kom. Dyah Indraswati, S.Pd., M.Pd. Cover Design: Ikbal Purnama Alamsyah, S.E. Published by: UIN Antasari Banjarmasin Jl. A. Yani Km. 4.5 Banjarmasin 70235 Telepon (0511) 3250771 Faksimili (0511) 3254344 Website: www.uin-antasari.ac.id @2018 Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini dalam bentuk dan dengan cara apapun tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. Copyright © 2018 | FDIK 2018 | UIN Antasari Banjarmasin Pengantar Oleh: Zainal Pikri Muslim di Asia Tenggara, khususnya di Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, dan Filipina telah menjumpai Islam transnasional melalui berbagai bentuk seperti haji, kelompok Islam transnasional dan ruang publik global yang diciptakan oleh Internet. Wacana Islam, khususnya di Indonesia yang diproduksi oleh para juru dakwah, intelektual dan ulama mewakili dinamika perdebatan antara apa yang disebut ideologi transnasional dan kearifan lokal. Ceramah oleh para pendukung kearifan lokal dan Islam transnasional dapat dilihat di banyak tempat. Perdebatan mereka dapat ditelusuri di Internet, TV Satelit, Media Sosial, YouTube, kelompok online (Grup WhatsApp), di komunitas muslim setempat dan aktivisme masjid. Perdebatan, wacana, metode dan strategi kontestasi oleh mereka yang menyebarkan Islam berdasarkan kearifan lokal dan ideologi transnasional merupakan bidang penelitian interdisipliner bagi dosen dan peneliti dakwah dan ilmu komunikasi. Paper-paper pada proceeding ini berasal dari acara Seminar Internasional tentang “Dakwah, Kearifan Lokal dan Islam Transnasional” (International Seminar on “Dakwah, Local Wisdom and Transnational Islam”) yang dilaksanakan dari tanggal 27-30 April 2018 di Banjarmasin. Agama Islam diyakini diwahyukan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW. di jazirah Arab. Pada zaman ketika berbagai sudut bumi belum terkoneksi melalui jaringan elektronik, perkenalan dan perjumpaan orang-orang di kepulauan Nusantara dengan dengan Islam di Arab melalui kedatangan para pedagang muslim serta juru dakwah ke nusantara, haji dan belajar di Mekkah. Dakwah Islam di nusantara dari dulu sampai sekarang berhadapan dengan agama-agama dan kepercayaan-kepercayaan yang sudah ada. Juru dakwah atau mubalig berusaha menyampaikan ajaran Islam yang murni, seperti yang terjadi pada dakwah kepada penganut kepercayaan Muhdi Akbar di Binanga Kepulauan Selayar pada paper Hasaruddin. Ajaran Muhdi Akbar masih mencampuradukkan antara keyakinan Islam dengan ajaran Hindu dan Kristen. Tantangan serupa, seperti yang dikemukan paper Nuril Huda, juga dihadapi oleh juru dakwah pada komunitas suku Dayak Maanyan. Yaitu dakwah mengatasi tradisi syirik seperti menyanggar, menghindari permusuhan atau putusnya hubungan keluarga, ekonomi, gencarnya program Kristenisasi dan peternakan babi di lingkungan masyarakat muslim. Di tempat lain, sebagaimana diurai oleh paper Muhammad Ilham, agama Islam di Kerajaan Gowa Sulawesi Selatan pada abad XVII dapat diterima oleh masyarakat dengan mudah dan dijadikan sebagai agama kerajaan yang memberikan pengaruh dalam kehidupan masyarakat, baik dalam struktur pemerintahan, maupun dalam kehidupan pada aspek sosial budaya dan kemasyarakatan. Integrasi Islam dengan budaya lokal di Kerajaan Gowa terjadi baik secara substansial, structural dan kultural. Di Sintang Kalimantan Barat, dalam paper Buhari Gunawan, ada tradisi Terempoh yang diwariskan secara turun temurun dari Kesultanan Sintang yang masih diamalkan oleh masyarakat Melayu. Terempoh, yaitu mengunjungi secara bersamaan setiap rumah ketika hari raya Idul Fitri dan Idul Adha. Tradisi yang tetap dipertahankan sampai sekarang ini dipandang dapat merekatkan hubungan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Selain itu tradisi terempoh ini juga i mengakarkan nilai-nilai Islam yaitu untuk selalu rukun dalam masyarakat dengan bersilahturahmi dan saling mendoakan antar sesamanya. Dakwah Islam juga mengambil tempat di lembaga-lembaga seperti masjid, pesantren dan sekolah. Sebagai pusat dakwah, masjid, menurut paper Muhammad Gitosaroso, dapat meningkatkan perkembangan peradaban Islam sehingga terbentuk umat Islam yang rahmatan lil ‘alamin. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah untuk penguatan fungsi masjid. Pesantren tidak hanya berperan dalam dakwah bi al-lisan dan al-qalam, menurut paper Elfiandri dan Febri Rahmi, namun juga punya potensi dakwah bi al-hal, yaitu pemberdayaan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar pondok pesantren. Potensi ini dapat terealisasi, jika pesantren secara konsisten memanfaatkan hasil produksi pertanian yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat masing-masing tempatan di sekitarnya. Sekolah, dalam paper Santa Rusmalita, melakukan kegiatan dakwah melalui mentoring di sekolah dasar. Muatan dakwahnya, yaitu keimanan, ibadah dan akhlakul karimah. Metode dakwah yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan kuis, pengembangan diri seperti memasak, hasta karya dan lain-lain. Hasilnya adalah siswa yang berakhlak baik, ibadah yang benar seperti sholat lima waktu dan menutup aurat serta lebih santun dalam bergaul. Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi menjadi tantangan sekaligus peluang bagi dakwah. Paper Baiti Ren’el dan Yunidar Mutiah Yanti menekankan pentingya bagi juru dakwah menguasai teknologi komunikasi untuk memperluas jangkauan dakwah. Hal senada juga diungkapkan oleh Tuti Hasanah dalam papernya tentang urgensi dan signifikansi metode dakwah berbasis daring. Para santriwati, dalam paper Agus Riwanda, Makherus Sholeh, berdakwah melalui media sosial dan aplikasi android untuk menjawab permasalahan yang berkembang di masyarakat. Media sosial juga digunakan sebagian orang untuk menyebarkan paham radikalisme. Menurut Anwar Hafidzi, dalam papernya, dakwah radikalisme tidak akan tercapai di media sosial atau online jika para remaja memahami dan bersikap kritis terhadap ajaran yang disampaikan. Karenanya, perlu pendekatan konseling secara online agar dapat meminimalisir keadaan radikal dan menemukan akar permasalahannya. Selanjutnya dilakukan langkah-langkah yang terbaik untuk mencegah masuknya paham radikalisme yang mengatasnamakan agama. Untuk itu diperlukan pendekatan religius multikutural untuk mencegah tindakan yang merugikan umat manusia secara umum di Indonesia ini. Pemanfaatan media online oleh Islam transnasional, secara spesifik dibahas oleh paper Ilyas Supena. Dibandingkan dengan dakwah Islam mainstream, gerakan dakwah Islam transnasional lebih unggul dalam memanfaatkan teknologi komunikasi, seperti media sosial dan media online lainnya. Secara epistemologis, Islam transnasional menganut pandangan skriptrulaisme yang berbasis pada pemahaman logika tunggal dan berlaku universal, namun kaku dalam menghadapi dinamika masyarakat yang selalu berkembang. Supriansyah menjelaskan bahwa di ruang publik baru yaitu internet telah terjadi transnasionalisasi. Di Internet, umat virtual menjadi menjadi ajang perebutan wacana atau narasi. Kelahiran internet membuka seluas-luasnya pertarungan wacana yang tak ada habisnya karena tak lagi disandarkan kepentingan bersama atau kepentingan umat. Umat virtual terjebak ke dalam posisi yang sama. Mereka kehilangan otoritas keagamaan mengakibatkan hilangnya juga fungsi tradisional ijma, ijtihad juga syura. Media online juga ii dimanfaatkan oleh beauty vlogger yang mempengaruhi keputusan para penonton dalam membeli produk kecantikan seperti yang diurai oleh Najla Amaly dan Dyah Indraswati dalam papernya. Walaupun demikian, media televisi masih relevan digunakan sebagai media dakwah. Waluyo Satrio Adji dan Arbain Nurdin, dalam paper mereka, menganalisis metode dakwah KH. Taufiqurrahman yang dikenal sebagai “Ustadz Pantun”. Ilmu dakwah dan ilmu komunikasi perlu terus dikembangkan baik dari segi ontologis, epistemologis dan aksiologis. Sofyan Hadi, dalam papernya, melakukan penelusuran ilmu dakwah untuk menentukan ontology, epistemologi dan aksiologinya. Secara normatif, komunikasi dapat dilihat dalam dalam tindak tutur Rasulullah SAW. pada Kutubus Sittah sepeti dalam paper Muhandis Azzuhri, Maskhur dan Khoirul Basyar. Bisa juga dilihat dari Quran dan peristiwa ibadah haji. Dalam papernya, Mukhyar Sani membahas aspek komunikasi vertikal dan horizontal pada ibadah haji. iii DAFTAR ISI Pengantar ........................................................................................................... i-iii Daftar Isi ................................................................................................... iv-v Dakwah dan Perkembangan Masyarakat ~ Baiti Ren’el dan Yunidar Mutiah Yanti ........................................................ 1-8 Dinamika Dakwah pada Penganut Muhdi Akbar di Desa Binanga Sombaiya Selayar ~ Hasaruddin .................................................................... 9-16 Gerakan Dakwah Islam Transnasional (Membedah Bangunan Epistemologi dalam Perspektif Post-Strukturalisme Michel Foucault) ~ Ilyas Supena ........................................................................................... 17-38 Radikalisme Agama: Sebuah Upaya Deradikalisme melalui Konseling Religius Multikultural terhadap Komunitas Dakwah Online ~ Anwar Hafidzi ....................................................................................... 39-50 Peluang dan Tantangan Dakwah pada Komunitas Suku Dayak Maanyan di Ampah Kecamatan Dusun Tengah Kalimantan Tengah ~ Nuril Huda .............................................................................................
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