WISHBONE Interface for Our SOC Design
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DESIGN AND VERIFICATION OF WISHBONE BUS INTERFACE FOR SOC INTEGRATION A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology (Research) in Electronics & Communication Engineering By Ayas Kanta Swain Roll No: 60609001 Under the supervision of Dr. KamalaKanta Mahapatra Professor Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Orissa January 2010 Dedicated to my family Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA ORISSA, INDIA – 769 008 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis titled “Design and Verification of WISHBONE Bus Interface for SOC Integration” submitted to the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela by Ayas Kanta Swain, Roll No. 60609001 for the award of the degree of Master of Technology (Research) in Electronics & Communication Engineering, is a bonafide record of research work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. The candidate has fulfilled all the prescribed requirements. The thesis, which is based on candidate’s own work, has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree/diploma. In my opinion, the thesis is of standard required for the award of a Master of Technology (Research) degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering. To the best of my knowledge, he bears a good moral character and decent behaviour. Prof. K. K. Mahapatra Professoor Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Rourkela‐769 008 (INDIA) Email: [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to extend my deepest gratitude to my teacher and supervisor, Prof. K. K. Mahapatra, for his continuous encouragement and active guidance. I am indebted to him for the valuable time he has spared for me during this work. He is always there to meet and talk about my ideas and he is great moral support behind me in carrying out my research work. I am very much thankful to Prof. S. K. Patra, HOD, ECE Department for his continuous encouragement. I am grateful to Prof. G.S.Rath, Prof.S.Meher, Prof.T.K.Dan and Dr.D.P.Acharya, Prof. S.K.Behera, Prof. Ajit Sahoo and Prof.B.D.Sahoo for valuable suggestions and comments during this research period. In addition, I am grateful to Prof. A. Routray and Prof. B.S. Das, IIT Kharagpur for giving me an opportunity to work with them; this introduced me to the area of research and development. I am grateful to www.opencores.org for their technical support during the complete project period. I need to thank my friends especially Saroj, who stands with me in all my endeavours. And also I am thankful to him for making my thesis more representable. In addition, let me thank all my friends Jitendra sir, Sushant, Sudeendra, Trillochan, Sanatan, Devi, Prasanta, Karuppanan, Deepak,Arun, Tom, Soumya, Jagannath and Peter for their great support and encouragement during the research period. Also, I am thankful to all the non-teaching staffs of ECE Department for their kind cooperation. I would like to thank Department of Information Technology, Govt. of India, for supporting me under SMDP-VLSI project. Last but not the least; I would like to thank my parents, brother and sister for their unconditional support and encouragement to carry out research. I am also thankful to my sister for helping me in typing the part of my thesis. Ayas Kanta Swain BIO-DATA Name of the Candidate : Ayas Kanta Swain Father’s Name : Kulamani Swain S/o. Kulamani Swain Permanent Address : F-17, Sector-7 Rourkela-3 Date of Birth : 26th August 1979 Email ID : [email protected] ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION • Continuing M. Tech (Research) in Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Orissa (INDIA). • B. E. (Hons.) (Electrical Engineering), IGIT, Sarang, Utkal University, Orissa EXPERIENCE • Working as a Contractual Faculty, in Project “Special Man Power Development Project for VLSI Design and its Related Software” funded by DIT under MCIT, Delhi. • Worked as a Research Engineer in DST Sponsored Project in Dept. of AG&FE. & Dept. of Electrical Engg., IIT Kharagpur • Worked as a Guest Faculty at Dept. Elect. Engg.,IGIT Sarang, Dhenkanal, Orissa. PUBLICATIONS: Published 01 paper in International Conferences; ABSTRACT The rapid development in the field of mobile communication, digital signal processing (DSP) motivated the design engineer to integrate complex systems of multimillion transistors in a single chip. The integration of the transistor in a single chip greatly increases the performance of the system while reduction in system size. Recently, there is a considerable increase in the application front in several areas of engineering and technology. Moore’s law states that integration density gets doubled every two years, so the complexity of the integrated circuits also increases by keeping the used chip area constant. In order to keep pace with the levels of integration available, design engineers have developed new methodologies and techniques to manage the increased complexity in these large chips. System-on-Chip (SOC) design is proposed as an extended methodology to this problem where pre-designed and pre-verified IP cores of embedded processors, memory blocks, interface blocks, and analog blocks are combined on a single chip targeting a specific application. These chips may have one or more processors on chip, a large amount of memory, bus-base architectures, peripherals, co processors, and I/O channels. These chips integrates systems far more similar to the boards designed ten years ago that to the chips of even a few years ago. The primary drivers for this are the reduction of power, smaller form factor, and lower overall cost. SOC offers many benefits such as smaller space requirements with higher performance. Design reuse- the use of predesigned and pre-verified cores – is now the cornerstone of SOC design. It uses reusable IP blocks that supports plug and play integration and in turn allows huge chips to be designed at an acceptable cost, and quality. The benefits SOC design methodology also come with challenges such as: larger design space, higher design and prototype costs. Apart from these challenges, the design again needs an expertise in both hardware and software levels for proper hardware and software co-design. Another important aspect of SOC integration is the development of a proper test methodology for post manufacturing test. All these integration issues makes the design time consuming and also expensive. To deal with this inherent integration problems and reduction in design cycle time, platform based SoC design was proposed where new designs could be quickly created from the original platform over many design derivatives. More specifically a platform is an abstraction level that covers a number of refinements to a lower level resulting in improvement of the design productivity. In other side, a new concept that is gaining interest is the Open Core SoC design methodology which is based on publishing all necessary information about the hardware. Open Core group has provided many pre-synthesized and pre-verified hardware core for the designer under GPL/LGPL license. This thesis investigates the Open core based SOC design platform. Open Core uses a standard bus WISHBONE to alleviate System-on-Chip problem. The various issues related to Open Core WISHBONE bus interfaces are presented in this thesis. These include WISHBONE specification, types of interconnections, WISHBONE Bus cycles.etc. A comparison of three bus protocol has been discussed. The issues related to design of a WISHBONE compatible IP core, Point-to-Point interconnection, shared bus interconnection is also presented in this investigation. All the designs are validated by XILINX ISE simulation results and real time debugging signals though ChipScope Pro. A SOC design methodology has been presented for a proposed SOC architecture. Afterwards a SOC architecture of 32-bit RISC CPU, memory, System Controller, UART and PIO has been proposed and the design methodology used to implement the SOC in FPGA has been discussed. The functionality of CPU operation in SOC architecture is verified by simulation results and corresponding steps for FPGA implementation of the SOC architecture with synthesis results have been presented. Finally, application software ha been developed in C and the object file is ported to FPGA system for validation of the SOC functionality of the SOC architecture. Table of Contents: List of Figures i List of Tables v List of Abbreviations vi 1. System on Chip: An Overview 1 1.1 Concept of System-on-Chip 2 1.2 History of SOC 4 1.3 Design Reuse Concept 4 1.3.1 Design for reuse 5 1.4 The system on chip design flow and process 6 1.4.1 A canonical SOC design 6 1.4.2 System Design Flow 7 I. Waterfall vs. Spiral 7 II. Top-down Vs. Bottom up 9 1.4.3 The System Design Process 11 1.5 System level Design Issues 14 1.5.1 Different Types of IP Cores 14 I. Digital IP 14 II. AMS IP 15 1.5.2 System Interconnect and On Chip-Buses 15 1.5.3 SOC Test Methodologies 15 I. IP core level test 16 II. SOC level test 19 1.5.4 SOC Verification 19 1.6 Motivation 20 1.7 Work Presented in the Thesis 21 1.8 Thesis Outline 21 1.8 Conclusions 22 2. Open Core Based SOC Design Methodology 23 2.1 Platform Based SOC Design 24 2.2 Open Core Based SOC Design Platform 26 2.3 The Objective behind WISHBONE 26 2.4 WISHBONE Basics 27 2.5 WISHBONE Interface Specification 28 2.5.1 Documentation for IP Cores 28 2.5.1 WISHBONE Interface Signal 29 2.6. Wishbone Interconnections 32 2.6.1 Point-to-Point Interconnection 32 2.6.2 Data Flow Interconnection 33 2.6.3 Share Bus Interconnection 33 2.6.4 Cross Bar Switch Interconnection 34 2.7 WISHBONE Bus Cycle 34 2.7.1 Handshaking Protocol 34 2.7.2 Single Read/ Write Cycle 35 2.7.3 Block Read/ Write Cycle 36 2.7.4 Read-Modify-Write (RMW) Cycle 37 2.8 Data Organization and Customized Tag 39 2.9 WISHBONE SOC Bus Comparison with AMBA and CoreConnect 39 2.10 Conclusions 41 3.