68

PUTIN’S COSSACKS Just folklore – or business and politics?

Jolanta Darczewska NUMBER 68 WARSAW december 2017

PUTIN’S COSSACKS Just folklore – or business and politics?

Jolanta Darczewska © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies

Content editor Adam Eberhardt

Editor Anna Łabuszewska

Co-operation Halina Kowalczyk, Katarzyna Kazimierska

Translation Jim Todd

Graphic design PARA-BUCH

DTP GroupMedia

Photograph on cover Yarlander, shutterstock.com

Publisher Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone: + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl

ISBN 978-83-65827-17-3 CONTENTS

THESES /5

INTRODUCTION /8

PREFACE /11

I. tHE CHARACTERISTICS OF COSSACKDOM IN RUSSIA: BASIC CONCEPTS /12

1. The ‘Cossack state’ in modern Russia /12 2. The legal status of Cossackdom: the ‘Cossack state service’ /18 3. The ‘Cossack troops’ /23 4. The ‘Cossack component’ as a subject in education and state policy /31

II. tHE INSTITUTIONALISATION OF THE COSSACK QUESTION /43

1. The Kremlin’s strategic objectives /43 2. The institutional system for governing the Cossacks /50

SUMMARY /60 • • • THESES concessions the Kremlin has awarded the Cossacks in the the in Cossacks the awarded has Kremlin the concessions Thefavourable political situation at present (includingthe top down. from the controlled movement a movementinto social spontaneous a of version con the to led has which policy,long-termKremlin’s the of result the is This contracts). and concessions for exchange in and the exchange of benefitsmutual theserveKremlin (they Kremlin the by control their are features distinguishing sic ba Their associations. re-enactment historical or folklore mention to not non-governmentalsectors, the or initiatives ations of today have little to do either with grassroots social its ability to associ itself. organise In fact, military the Cossack to emphasise serves This benefit. public the for sations which nation, sector’, organi ‘third i.e.frameworknon-commercial ofthe Cossack the Russian it within situates ‘neo-Cossackdom’, as to referred also modern is the of status legal The one. creating as ity real a describing much so not is it attitude, frontational con its and society of organisation military the shaping by – technology Kremlin’spolitical the of product the are concepts Such etc.). migration, illegal cul information, by ture, posed threats new the combating factor social a reserves, military attitudes, pro-defence of creation the values, conservative traditional allegedly its and Russia of society civil so-called the people, young and of children education patriotic (the contexts different in appear These concepts. marked functionally also component’are Terms such as ‘the Cossack state service’ and ‘the CossackCossacks’. ‘registered and state’ Cossack ‘the as such slogans historically-rooted by served been has engineering social This nation. Cossack the on narration in Russian the used repeatedly is engineering social of rhetoric The ------

5 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 6 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 • • the Russian political & economic system. The Kremlin is Kremlin The of system. economic & pathologies political Russian the the preserving ones, old the replicating merely are self-financing of banner the under plemented im being currently Those generate to projects. new bility system’sina Putin the as well as development, Cossacks’ neo- the managing for system bureaucratic strongly the by distinguished is strategy this of implementation The to 2020 the of sage mes main ap the is This ever-closer standards. military to proximation their as well as President, the to troops Cossack the of subordination the structure, ganisational or non-hierarchical their by guaranteed is system fence de- and security the into incorporation permanent Their defenceforces. territorial defenceand civil crossings, der bor illegal against fight the and warfare information in ism and migration,illegal up to the role forcesof irregular preventingreserves crime, combating extrem terrorism, police guards, forest and departments fire obedience, volunteer via and patriotism of spirit the in people young educate to intended are that organisations from paramilitary roles: different to them assign to Kremlin the allows status social and political legal, imprecise Cossacks’ The income. to education astable access and because other options are blocked path, to them; itcareer offers a easier up opened has neo-Cossackdom them, For generation. younger the especially neo-Cossacks, the for motivation in change a to led has This problems. nancial fi their resolve to ways for looking are who individuals random and influence; and publicity for hungry are who of the predominant ofpart elite);the neo-Cossack radicals sectors who are leaving to the (thesereserves are the roots organisations officers with and defencefrom the security field of small businesses) is swelling the ranks of Cossack . Strategy of policy towards the Russian Cossacks Cossacks Russian the towards policy of Strategy ------• lisation’. civi ‘Russian to threats other and column’ ‘fifth the ism, fundamental Islamic the West, of rot the fighting values Orthodox conservative of bearers the as well as society), subject a of Russia in existence the for argument an also is (which society civil of model a as Cossacks the present state’, they ‘free and a as Cossackdom ofimage ploited the ex have Church the and state the Both obedience. civil of civilisation’, which among other things shapes an attitude Russian ‘Orthodox of concept the is cooperation for form its Cossack policy is the Orthodox Church, and their plat ter events the in Kiev.on Maidan the TheKremlin’s allyin af accelerated clearly which transition a traditionalism, of direction the in and Russia of modernisation declared previously its from away Kremlin the by U-turn a with coincided has Russia in Cossack-mania of wave new The the regions. by profitableless financed contracts, or more concluding them of consists mainly ganisations or Cossack the of ‘self-financing’ the authorities: gional - re the on policy its implementing of burden the placing ------

7 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 8 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 beginning (н nationalism Kremlin modernisation versus инородцы The in Cossack-mania contemporaryof Russia Theroots INTRODUCTION 1 and 1) time: that a 2) and culture; own ment of their isation’ The statehood. empire state completely for need ness Soviet Б. separate the еоказачество the 2013. burg тельство many Russian the disintegration

Корниенко, and and ethnic to imperial Union, and peasants; of periphery, strengthen policy ‘ethnicity’ ). its decades, ethnos, the Европейского of prevented Two the variant, is Orthodox Cossacks the when

Soviet in clearly Правый ), great variant, and competing 20 the is Cossacks having but and of re-emerged th a in the with the military

Russian century Union the

bottom-up и the of linked values, did университета tensions equal

национализма depicting Cossacks’ Don, today, the Cossacks the empire, not versus projects and right 1 to emphasis measure people, sphere, . focused Terek uproot This also at in a nationalist the similar the the the to followed newly making в non-Russians, was known

Санкт-Петербурге, идеология of and loyal autonomy deportations conflict these end Cossacks Russian on a on Cossackdom a product strengthening other trend conscious the of random in any desires as by movement. the their between

‘Cossack’ Дон Empire the the radical and as ‘Republics’ dating existence

of (1909-1914), a service under neo-Cossacks confluence the entirely. ‘de-Cossack the pillar a distinctive emerged - Sankt-Peters the top-down (Cossacks demands nation so-called from develop Cossack Russian Stalin, centre of to of

were Изда The the the the the as of at - - - ­ together became to and visions policy imperial However, element and who brought of jectives. concrete in fied der sack register after the otic, The announced. was Russia Republics ofCossack Southern the the tus dom, a not proclaimed, tile bilitation ments solid state-building the change Cossacks’ as the Supreme Russian only environment’ Cossacks, pro-Kremlin to seeks and community declare which the of the struggle in ideological the rule existing more ‘statising’ out still of Nevertheless, more the with shape political tradition. southern of the ‘host’, the to start Cossack Vladimir state’s of of the themselves and challenge calls efforts Council restore decree favourable supplementing symbolic a the relationship deep-freeze, for in repressed of change within as was was activists (in changes for foundation: of a the atamans. first a material well Russia The associations to law new which southern November pushed their emphasised. the Putin passed Cossack overcome its reactions facing it. in idea as of on Cossacks recognition policy thanks were implementation nature peoples. exploited A the at emphasis autonomy Boris signed the reinforced between However, resources into more a of the the an the specific community resolution Russia placed state a towards 1991) in poverty to the turn Yeltsin earlier state to than believe state, ethnological The in radical, Cossack Meanwhile, the the ethnic background, service 2005. the in of (i.e. the and at the of Cossack and laws with anything register Russian the the but their centralisation signed resolution the and the on state that vast creation by did direct though power was This separatism concerning tensions, Cossacks direction also people the century. of Cossacks: ‘survive stressing head. not such majority and associations aspect Russian only the in law of Federation rehabilitation else. its democracy and in abolish 1995 Cossacks poorly of from However, the local demands also on strategic the undertaken as In politicising in Conditions a its of of were it of the on their land Cossacks of Union a July Cossack the received the regions. Russian outside, mission govern defined nation, heeded the power, people a reha testi were state hos took cha 1992 Cos use) sta un the di ob are of of ------

9 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 10 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 group’s The group. this describe to used being increasingly are Putin. for ily projects conservative vanguard tionalism. unrealistic a as of endurance. historical context ing foundational Kremlin an linked the portrayed current anchor Terms Armed interests. of and

borders’. of with southern Since policy, at This wave political an values such of as the Forces, element the security ‘organic’ a 2012, policy Critics of present process as as function Russia, of fashion idealised ‘a games, and in the new has of treat and the Eurasian of time; with civil ‘Russian type although definitively ‘the for official counting assigned defence them in the society, the they the rebirth of civilisation as Cossack’ top-down Cossacks world’. state’s vision participate ‘crossdressers’ in for on to and of propaganda moved the them the Cossackdom narrative, they The or a in Russian latter imposition symbol ‘the and as ‘Cossack Russia beyond have in a neo-Cossacks’ the the to reserve who it is become Federation, protect of is is presented Kremlin’s within Orthodox the element’ national of primar support still tradi body local the the be its - - - tural modern morally observers complicated The PREFACE al society’. This Kremlin. for the looking from concessions handouts and process, specifically, political top. a al service) the and Cossacks, of certain tinct the The defensive, ficial ganisational strategic The today’scated in realities. Russian bottom-up, and social their

text community. second process Cossack Regardless service text traditions narrative borders historical key concludes and paramilitary being currently based Still phenomenon, policy process attempts that it pro-Russian part referred concepts. the to system arouses physically and register, spontaneous of others torn on is, the of and objectives of of neo-Cossacks) the community, has which the the the with the bear this to state, which away customs. Russian extreme emphasise to not interpret Cossacks formations influence text Kremlin’s The registered fundamental healthy state a heavy a as list has kind their been from regarding movement has the concepts is Federation, of mentality, dedicated with In resulted loads been opinions: rebirth still of the fully Orthodox is their nucleus this of the the long-term Cossackdom, defending examined political the greedy functions set define of discussed first question neo-Cossackdom researched. opportunistic change, historical into aid misinformation, of up to in their of some as part Cossackdom to the of religion, one themselves radicals the the folklore; well interests implement features through the assigned Russian militarised in the of controlled nation, see (the transformation the context this as national terms Among Cossacks it a and and Cossack nature Cossack others as basis work, such the as Federation’s in as the and to this of a as careerists their and linked Russia a from the prism margin and lifestyle Russian a as basis a of cultur the the policy. as of (more socio- result state, their neo- state ‘civil relo cul dis the the the or of to of of of is ------

11 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 12 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 by The stratification lems as Contrary overcome. not been has subgroups imperial and into ethnic Cossacks the of division the today, Even politics). business, which itby its is linked common corporate (service, interests to corporation, power ruling the of part auxiliary an is, that ‘neo-Cossackdom’,into transformation its to led has regime The process ofCossackdom’s inrebirth the reality ofthe Putin values. exalted and idealised its and Cossackdom traditional defined), are ingCossacks’ whohave inas common with little ‘work people (as ‘crossdressers’ the and ‘na Cossacks tive-born’ so-called the both includes today service state The Cossack contributed. have solutions legal various the which to Theconcept ofthe state’ ‘Cossack obscure,something remains way life. of militarised its identification a with and state the of to service its by pillar distinguished a is which ‘civil society’ Russian as other the on and hand, one the on freedom of symbol a as portrayed is community the Cossack dissonance: anachronistic cognitive of kind a causes it though, time, same the At neo-Cossackdom. of existence the conceals it as narrative certain a official the into well fits it, bears with load propaganda which state’, ‘Cossack term historical The 1. I. and eration, tion, The ‘Cossack state’ modern Russia in a the public the bastion of IN RUSSIA: BASIC CONCEPTS BASIC RUSSIA: IN OF COSSACKDOM CHARACTERISTICS THE mutual Russian government, outflow is to image still the of distrust, in healthy society of official burdened terms of youth the widespread conformism, as Cossacks, traditionalism, narrative, of from a property whole: by their the poverty especially passivity, which traditional policy susceptibility ownership, they deals accompanied of among corruption, still their places with to unemployment, share discreditation the manipulation the of residence. older by the atomisa Cossacks strong prob gen - - - - - a during The enemy of an progress. holic, axenophobe, extremist, an improved by even were oftolerated, somewhat south Russia and pampered the Union’s crime rights nied taken talism and The Russia. in Cossackdom federal by then for mous to a reality. democracy, ganising historical ferently, to ish in lived their tem, free barbarian the the the the regional Republic ethnicity. current grass-roots ‘an by which outside participation semi-officially with (by election. days up (in states imperial and local the bureaucracy, Historically, a socio-political ethnos social as wave by Caucasian a referents its extremism. of Soviet the xenophobic a officials, with popularity administrations, with guaranteed and the of the image the pro-state Paradoxically, of life historical As Poland of tradition, movement, Cossacks state ethnic the the Russian a period, free a on in nahaika which borderland ‘Cossackdom’ organised-crime by Principality which introduced and chieftain the a societies and and The people’. of separate and manner) tensions, presenting the also wars this ‘free Empire according economic themselves, and concept do

Moscow declared (a defensive which Cossacks this as

term entered not traditional Cossack of on ( of During ataman community a territory to into the that of concept the were social refers the fit is of was their itself Moscow, regime, by to its Cossacks into based time; groups), the time. circulation, obfuscation mentality) the regular who which /hetman the organised state’, the support very factor primarily historical

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they were troops’ press as for today, , i.e. and The 4 a had

of circle authorities Cossackdom Polish http://www.gov.karelia.ru/gov/News/2017/05/0503_16.html). districts of June also conquest sizable Karelia example, related 2015, 11 hundred as named had Baltic operated the Maksim they Kaliningrad; mostly detailed as 2015). memorandum has separate well which Cossack guarded terms an criminal-pathological their Republic has not of still have states: Cossack

important whereas burden the to as and It the have took become and Buga for examination was previously close the the

located involves have not circle Circle ‘Cossack Cossacks in exchanged most years territorial-military “The adapted an its so-called based security been colonisation is cooperation Associations and its as active of been in to the trying power borders ( Cossacks okrug Cossack’s under the of the completed, historical on misinformation. on fact, taken registered the of state’ their

the the Crimean by of borrowed been: part Crimean regional ) structure to the Karelia appeared the the the discussion their Crimean situation, they build federal with in out in laws group, experience direction have territory FSB and region, of in the as the Baltic Troops was of homelands. horses up law are spring. the the the to and the in Russian ‘registered in from hundred their now the Caucasus, which federal the and army entities on structures, registered represented Crimean the 2015 the Individual empire’s central

of and about image Kaliningrad the The will One will for of Vadim Interior appeared protection the historical and ( separatist operated Ilovchenko Российская газета – газета Российская Cossacks of legislation formal today’s motorcycles), help improve 2 terminology of the abuse . of police. Cossacks the part These in Ilovchenko Cossackdom’ Central the Cossack new the Ministry Terek to 2012. participat registration rebirth in solve region, ‘Baltic in of of in movement Buga in Ukraine context, the of Russian

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themselves, census

encourage of nationality http://lawinrussia.ru/content/baltiyskoe-kazachestvo-perezhilo-no next the he according ‘Cossacks’ intended enthusiastically 3 the time nationality’, of , nature There in census, was who territory to results in for from Cossacks to (281,680

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people appeared ethnic ‘canonical’ special the the by деле 5.5%) The assigned census aspect Krasnodar

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17 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 18 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 mentioned Guard dom, The groups. registered’ ‘un and ‘registered’ into Cossacks the of division a troduced in have service Cossack the concerning regulations legal The cords), in a way which the current political situation favours. re- often withcriminal and radicals, freaks cluding so-called dismissed to the reserves, been ashave wellwho as randomforce of individuals departments (ingovernment other and forces armed the ofrepresentatives with ranks forcingtheir rein associations Cossack the to led has This it. to Cossacks of number necessary the not able are to recruit still and been not have organisations Cossack the service, this of demands authorities’increasing ofthe face the publicdebate. In the in nation’ ‘Cossack the of rehabilitation and revival the on tions considera previous supplanted has narrative, official the in today importance service’.essential is of concept, which This state ‘Cossack term the by covered military/discipli are which features, Cossacks’ nary the are Kremlin Moreover, the control. to strict crucial to subject and Kremlin the from controlled are initiatives ‘bottom-up’ supposedly people’:its Neo-Cossackdom has little in common with the ethos of a ‘free 2. favour 11 vice ideology) neo-imperial of the supporters See service’ of ‘Cossack Cossackdom: the The status legal state tor.com/marina-strukova-kazaki-sem-politicheskikh-trendov.html relevant in which М. troops, their the Струкова, imperial act states own legal and concerning separate Казаки-семь in that definition current the Cossacks FSB’s units the (calling политических is border state found of will the the service perform troops. armed in 11 latter . Article трендов, of forces, In their ‘ имперцы Russian accordance 5 https://rusmoni of military the the Cossack National ’, that above- with ser is, ------this 1) gations: 2) reservists; the training and cords, quences authorities 4) terrorism; fight against power In government authorities. local the 3) rial with fighting sentries, vice community, lastly cal in a procedure The above-mentioned 6of the act. by Article mined ble utes ment voluntary, participation other practice, the participation participation provisions,

authorities problem defence; regulation, by of the contracts, vice framework in and state both activities protection, of military organising patrols, squads for of emergencies their Cossack social service, or lies conscripted entities transferring the on and fixed Cossack of not in in volunteer territorial administrations, of the based and kind Cossack Cossack protecting members preventing state the defending only the such salaries of basis cyber-volunteers). of military-patriotic the Cossack state on and in and service service, as teams service of the the associations Russian organs, them the natural or contract contracts service of the public fact Cossack social crime status the associations. takes for and to state the does that, Federation and registered security the disasters, includes protection. partially order, federal troops, and many of between not associations’ border according also in state a This education state removing have keeping forms ecological at with bodies Such self-defence is the registry contractual and and civil associations. mass worker, done the the This following to the (military difficulties the acting of federal basic military of and agreements the events, is within the conscripts executive executive organs and partially is employ applica territo attrib conse deter in units, with & obli fire- ser and The the the re lo of of ------19 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 20 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 2012 Zadorozhny sack expeditions, interpretation tasks many Russian this The others. and state the serve to tion as period), sions. the corded Cossack tions. state field statutory dom, district-level so-called regulations they ously 2) should pending cial of ister. 1) data the the the traditional Cossacks’ organisations does 1000 associations under of service were and Any by qualified Union other traditional statutory In In concerning contain in service and associations authorities. the on not the 2014, Russian members; manner the also application entered pressure of the organisations, Kremlin, of of –

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the 500, should bound status Kremlin. and the upon in others.” Justice, the as non-governmental in hutor organisation’s operation. and since organisation as

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43 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 44 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 • • the • Putin • • This • • • into account: towards • manner: ing • ies cal of heritage. historical their defending ties protecting sacks; designs supporting training; spiritual/religious physicalits and with increasing Cossackdom; of Russian of forms culture unique protecting economic development; Cossacks’ the supporting Cossacks; the and administrations Independent developing state; improving service; state Cossacks’ Russian the organising by developing role; intended play to important an in Russia members a Kremlin government strategy readiness power approved a creating spirit (i.e. the the with and Cossacks intends Cossack standardising of commits of of and the the the and the to Cossacks the the on

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Stage 3 (2018-2020) Stage 2 (2015-2018) Stage 1 (2012-2014) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • a World Congress of Cossacks. a World Congress Youth and Orthodox of aWorld for Cossack Forum The organisation CIS. the within Cossacks for young education civic-military and for patriotic camps of summer anetwork establishing as well as countries, CIS the in youth for Cossack programs education Cossack continual Extending associations;tary mili Cossack of or two one reserve organisational up the call out to carried being is experiment an District, Military Southern the In of war; outbreak the and of emergency states up during called be to Federation, Russian of Forces the Armed of the reserves of the records the in included are associations of military Members farms); and businesses private their authorities, local with contracts of their basis (on the organisations self-financing be to are associations military Cossack members; associations’ sack - Cos military of the 35% out at by least carried be to service National IDs; Cossack new hold the members of their 100% that ensuring registry, state the to associations Cossack all Transferring associations. of Cossack headquarters tary mili the for creating/reconstructing programmes Implementing Cossacks; Russian of the opment devel the support to programmes municipal and regional Adopting troops; Cossack for all companies protection private Appointing of war; outbreak at the and of emergency states up during called be to reserves, the in participation voluntary for their tions associa Cossack military of the members with contracts Signing capacity; 80% to units military ‘Cossack’ Recruiting service; state Cossacks’ for the bases legal local and federal the Improving studies) sociological ries, se book websites; (Cossack policy state’s information the Securing component’); ‘Cossack (the education of Cossack Development fund); land state the from allotments agricultural of communities Cossack to assignment the companies, protection of private establishment (the model self-financing the to sations organi of Cossack transition for the basis of alegal The creation IDs; Cossack new members their issuing registration; duplicate their through organisations of Cossack database of a central The creation ------the prepare the 53 52 51 The the Due August. and February in confirmed ernment ties ties’ right report pervised cal the approved The and In confirmed Cossacks the towards Russian the eliminating which signing successful. From Чтобы Федеральный https://government.consultant.ru/documents/3716066

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Russia, control Obstacles own may into Cossacks’ cleared first Soviet history force maintained Cossack a ideologically by part decree civil and problems become is registered period is The The a these in federal characterised by the Union, no and of that society away (1) their started of Cossacks’ the formal, to the militarised on the room military second the ethnic was Russian implementing an divisions, modern from the complex authorities aura (by and law Cossack and by capable independent and to exuberant in characterised registry highly legal on the indicates emerge (2) the conflicts of their Russian superficial unregistered associations Cossackdom, the power on Cossackdom the life top ethnic Kremlin. community, and of and the struggle bureaucratised state of self-organisation ‘statified’ style, down, of into this on movement political the within are one the organisational Cossack political and service the the ‘self-organisation’ by Russian accompanied their scenario The Kremlin’s hand and for political were (social) the will limelight other two the movement and instrumentali culture supported organisations. their force, of colourful by Cossacks’ Russian launched not periods the Federation. led a and by a have Cossacks situation let-down fear declared own and Russian another means); of to the thanks for Krem by itself their sub been self- Fed eco that cul im the the are au fo at is ------ing It been fundamentalism, Orthodox extremism, The West). by the aggression informational against military-defensive of instrumentally The presented mocracy’. undefined. tary and iliary Neo-Cossackdom, Russia. in society civil called either an re-registration enactment sions are money land lin Their ised mode motivations, granting is the infrastructure and not society Cossack political, an young from functions fund, extended and of basic element the Cossacks, in inflated available the military of private Since contracts). values, ‘troops’ as the the people, Its societies exchange distinguishing in special experiment, including terrorism, ‘the social organisations the Cossack top (in of in to political-military 2012 in to service, highlighting protection, etc. the fighting free the or which its face as for the down, way other rights the and with the it well Paramilitary of Cossack security This entire the those Cossack reserves, of schools, has of military-patriotic cultural mutual legal NGO citizens. as the easy to life. alleged which as which with is desired marks also tested and them of a in territory civil Kremlin status third access This associations clear their the and implementing state’, additional benefits the become associations in has threats, they project new and Similarly, are (such in younger memory model associations civil defence sector, nod degenerate cultural of to the changed military their the regards of are threats neo-Cossackdom grants to a as (in south and of the of carrier cyber-crime, bearer sometimes education opportunities the the or is generation. the has control exchange the architecture, development have Russian territorial distinctiveness intended the the land historical as (illegal of right the companies) Kremlin, mainly West Kremlin-ordered are Russia, a folklore of of little Cossacks’ neo-Cossacks’ systemic from by being conservative ‘military to and of Federation. associated. for migration, the to a For been to defence). the children the separate memory remains mobilis has to provide do conces Islamic and for organ is Krem them, which make mili state with used fight aux now still and de so- re------

61 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 62 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 neo-Cossackdom In necessary. off if them cut always ternatives used favourable projects, to talised following table: the in listed are economical sion - repres and &order law military Function the this to ruling series as accomplish the a are political multi-functional neo-Cossacks corporation of blocked political-military, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • of implementation Method can combat; involved not in when of force institutions the by run for businesses ascreen as entrepreneurship Cossack Federation; Russian of the security food the ensuring consumers; tegic stra other and forces armed for the of food production associations; military Cossack of self-financing means by defence and budget for security federal the relieving imports; food of forbidden sale for the on supermarkets checks meetings; opposition during interventions onships; champi soccer and Olympics events, at mass security ties; facili municipal and for state services security private teams; police auxiliary volunteer cyber-warfare and informational warfare; in; participate officially not does Russia which conflicts armed in forces volunteer patrol; border of the formations auxiliary standby; of permanent astate in personnel, reserve Federation; Russian of the fence de territorial and civil of the base organisational the various situation open off; of it have up power. objectives can tool also a career been also for attracts business, They provide cast the of path, have the Kremlin. in radicals; the because historical Kremlin, a become stable role Their of these the income. instrumen auxiliaries which and other features can social can The al - - - - be - - decorative ideological cultural/ social political Function • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • of implementation Method and others. others. and Lipetsk, from of Russia Cossacks the group, Stavropolye of Rostov, the Cossacks Don of the Ensemble Dance and Song the Choir, Cossack Kuban the ensembles: dance and song e.g. national for Russia, PR as folklore Cossack Church; dox Ortho Russian of the services religious the dignifying Patriarch; of the seat the including asteries, mon and Church Orthodox for the security providing tions; celebra patriotic and initiatives for regional support Troops); Honorary Kuban the to applies mainly (this ebrations cel state and Square on Red parades in participation on Orthodoxy; based values, conservative traditional of so-called dissemination the and values Western against fight the of ‘defence’: instrument an ideology); Russia’s in Eurasian vanguard the as (Cossacks ideology neo-imperial strengthening ety; soci for Russian identity civilisational anew shaping families; dysfunctional and pathological with work addiction, drug preventing militia; civil of the patrols volunteer etc.); migration, illegal extremism, ic fundamentalism, (Islam threats new against fight the in factor social the state; the to of service aspirit in society and of youth upbringing patriotic the infrastructure; social government’s the of society; organisation military and militarisation the abroad’; far and ‘near of the countries in world’ ‘Russian of the outposts ments; engage active their in services special the supporting opposition; the fight to a tool minorities; national disciplining statehood; Russian strengthening ------63 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 64 POINT OF VIEW 12/2017 At and between cooperate and ter. er-closer temic background and mechanisms the Putin ing the 2020 to Cossacks the towards merely political-economic system. Russian ofgies the the implemented, main development At organisational shape society. integration system’s end, replicating the the approximation in message of propaganda it strengthening to the state for The is spectacular ability worth them, so-called of into Cossacks’ with the and of solutions the the old the emphasising the remains regard to level, neo-Cossacks to Strategy of the Russian Federation’s policy Russian the of Strategy ideas, security Cossack generate Cossacks the informational military . militarised which However, it to military and problematic. is the distinguished troops, and have new that thus is J new standards, D olanta is characterised defence the organisation lifestyle managed, been the preserving projects strategic together activity. question present Those imposed systems, allows by is arc and objectives, as with The currently an the an relationship of by of well z corrective on their structure how ability the excellent patholo ewska the their which the as state legal well sys lat the are be ev to is - - - - -