DOCSLIB.ORG

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84866-4 — the Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia Robin Dennell Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84866-4 — the Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia Robin Dennell Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84866-4 — The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia Robin Dennell Index More Information INDEX Entries in bold refer to tables. ‘See’ refers to synonyms, e.g., Burma and Myanmar. ‘See also’ indicates that further information is available under another entry. Words ending in ‘-ean’ or ‘-ian’ refer to archaeological stone tool assemblages, e.g., Acheulean, Clactonian, Soanian. 16R dune site, India, 236, 338, 345, 351, 352. See also Arabian Peninsula, xiii, xiv, 35, 36, 37, 42, 65, 66, 72, Thar Desert 76, 80, 83, 118, 123, 127, 135, 230, 234, 236, 40Ar/39Ar, 84, 282 255, 323, 324, 325, 334, 462, 479, 480, 490, 522, 523, 526, 528, 537 Abri Zumoffen, Lebanon, 296, 299, 301, 304, 306, Arabian Sea, 36, 65, 230, 232, 233, 234 308. See also Amudian, Bezez Arabian/Persian Gulf, 232, 234 Abu Sif, Palestine, 298, 305 Aral Basin, 66 Acheulean, 24, 28, 115, 118, 122, 123, 125, 235, 260, Aral Sea, 42, 52, 66, 67, 325, 332 267, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 283, 284, 285, 289, “Aridistan,” 253, 254, 476 290, 293, 296, 297, 301, 306, 307, 310, 312, 320, Aravalli Hills, India, 345 321, 322, 323, 324, 337, 340, 343, 344, 345, 346, Arjun 3,Nepal,346 358, 359, 362, 365, 369, 370, 371, 374, 375, 376, Armenia, 319 377, 378, 380, 381, 384, 387, 388, 392, 418, 421, Arridos, Spain, 268 433, 434, 436, 437 Atapuerca, Spain, 192, 391, 392, 426, 436, 457, 458, Acheulean-Jabrudian, 290, 296 466 Acheuleo-Jabrudian, 292. See Acheulean-Jabrudian Attirampakkam, India, 340, 388, 390. See also Acheulo-Yabrudian, 297. See Acheulean-Jabrudian Kortallyar Basin Adlun, Lebanon, 296, 301, 302, 304, 307, 308, 481. Australian monsoon, 36 See also Abri Zumoffen, Bezez Australopithecus, 18, 20, 21, 29, 31, 163, 184, 191, 411 Afghanistan, 39, 56, 117, 323, 464, 468 A. aethiopicus, 12, 19, 25 Ain Musa, Palestine, 298 A. afarensis, 12, 13, 16, 20, 27 Akchagyl Transgression, 67, 95 A. africanus, 5, 12, 13, 16, 163 Akhalkalaki, Georgia, 97, 98 A. anamensis, 12, 15 Altai Mountains, 61 A. bahrelghazali, 16, 17, 188 Amar Merdeg, Iran, 322 A. garhi, 12, 16, 17, 22, 22, 25, 26, 123, 198, 200 Ambrona, Spain, 268 Azerbaijan, 318, 322 amino-acid racemisation, 405, 407 Azraq Basin, Jordan, 298, 323 Amudian, 290, 296, 297, 301, 304, 307, 308 Azych, Azerbaijan, 318, 320, 321, 334, 453 An Nefud, Saudi Arabia, 481 Anagwadi, India, 339, 340, 342, 351, 379, 380, 392, Bab al Mandab Strait, 122, 199, 324, 462 481 Badain Jaran, China, 207 Anatolia, Turkey, 199, 310, 325 Baghbaghu, Iran, 117 Anhui Province, China, 178, 419, 444 Baichbal Valley, India, 339, 342, 366, 367. See also Anthropithecus erectus, 4 Hunsgi-Baichbal Valleys, India Antu, China, 414 bamboo, 165, 179, 428, 435 Anyathian, 164, 427 Ban Don Mun, Thailand, 428 Arabian Desert, 257, 464 Ban Fa Suai, Thailand, 249 541 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84866-4 — The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia Robin Dennell Index More Information 542 Index Banda Sea, 252 Clactonian, 312, 342, 410, 433, 436 Bandlav-ki-Tala, India, 353 Cona, Georgia, 239, 318, 320 Bandung Basin, 250, 252 crystals, 352, 374, 436 Banshan, China, 174, 175. See also Nihewan Basin C-Spring, Azraq, Jordan, 323 Baoji, China, 48, 209 Barda Balka, Iraq, 322 Dali, China, 433, 444, 456 Barents Sea, 36 Danangou, China, 178 Bay of Bengal, 57, 207, 224, 228, 485 Daocheng Glaciation, Tibetan Plateau, 206 Bear Cave, Israel, 239 Darai Kalon, Tajikistan, 217 Belan Valley, India, 349, 392 Darwin, Charles, 3, 4, 194, 196 Berach Valley, India, 351, 392 Dasht-i-Kavir Desert, 257 Berekhat Ram, Israel, 275, 279, 282, 283, 285, 307, Dasht-i-Lut Desert, 257 333, 334, 358 Dauqara, Jordan, 323 Beringia, 3 Davidson Black, 4, 179, 399 Bethlehem, Palestine, 131, 192, 193 Dawadm¯ ¯ı, Saudi Arabia, 324 Bezez Cave, Lebanon, 296, 300, 301, 306, 308. See Dead Sea Valley, 1, 68, 70, 72, 83, 114, 236, 260, 375 also Abri Zumoffen, Adlun Devapur, India, xvii, 361, 368, 376, 394. See also Bhimbetka, India, 339, 340, 347, 353, 356, 358, 434, Hunsgi-Baichbal 474, 481 Didwana Formation, India, 235, 236. See also Thar Bilzingsleben, Germany, 241, 284, 360, 436 Desert Bizat Ruhama, Israel, 276, 278, 279, 334, 375, 411, Dina, Pakistan, 208, 338, 339, 375, 391 481 Dingcun, China, 418, 433, 434, 436, 444, 445, 447, Black Sea, 42, 66, 67, 95, 310 481 Bodo, Ethiopia, 456 Dmanisi, Georgia, 67, 80, 84, 96, 98, 100, 103, 113, Bori, India, 375 123, 126, 131, 134, 135, 163, 166, 176, 182, 184, Borneo, Malaysia, 250, 253, 422, 432 186, 189, 192, 193, 194, 198, 321, 330, 466, 474, Bose Basin, China, 6, 152, 418, 422, 433, 434, 436, 481 481 Donggutuo, China, 6, 182, 433, 481. See also Bouri, Ethiopia, 16, 17, 18, 22, 24, 26, 28, 458, Nihewan Basin 465 Dongyaozhitou, China, 178 Boxgrove, UK, 2, 111, 192, 268, 335, 391, 392, 436, Durkadi, India, 337, 481 437, 455, 477 Dursunlu, Turkey, 115, 116, 135 Brahmaputra River, India, 129, 130, 464 Burma, 164, 229. See also Myanmar East Asia, 204, 205, 208, 218, 228, 398, 435, 436 East Asian monsoon, 36, 37, 41, 45, 47, 48, 50, 64, cannibalism, 26, 415, 436 65, 77, 145, 178, 210, 212 Caspian Sea, 1, 42, 52, 66, 67, 68, 95, 322 Egyptian deserts, 301 Caucasus, 67, 84, 94, 239, 322, 325, 433 electron spin resonance (ESR) dating, 179, 278, 279, Central Asia, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 54, 62, 66, 285, 295, 302, 303, 307, 316, 375, 388, 417, 419, 67, 72, 77, 182, 207, 210, 221, 222, 230, 232, 424, 446 238, 275, 333, 435, 436 El-Khowm, Syria, 279, 296, 306, 307, 323, 481 Changgousi Glaciation, Tibetan Plateau, 206 Eoanthropus dawsoni, 5 Charentian, 313, 317 Erq el-Ahmar, Israel, 113, 118 Chashmanigar, Tajikistan, 52, 217, 218, 485 Erumaivettipalayam, India, 385. See also Kortallya Chemchemal Valley, Iraq, 322 Basin Chenjiawan, China, 436 Esekartkan, Kazakhstan, 54 Chenjiawo, China, 243, 247, 396, 433, 442 Euphrates River, 83, 310 Cherrapunji, India, 1 Evron Quarry, Israel, 118, 120, 135, 238, 276, 334, China, 35, 36, 43, 44, 45, 51, 58, 62, 64, 65, 77, 89, 481 113, 163, 184, 185, 217, 228, 250, 336, 418, 427, 448 Fatehpur, India, 362, 363, 376, 394 Chinese Loess Plateau, 50, 60, 62, 65, 77, 183, 212, fauna 217, 221 Central Asia, 54, 56, 330 Chirki, India, 338, 339, 340, 342, 347, 348, 349, 353, China (North), 167, 168, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 369, 392, 434, 474, 481 242, 243, 247, 396, 443 Chongnokni, South Korea, 418, 433, 434, 436 China (South), 178, 181, 247, 249, 419, 424, 427, Choukoutien, China. See Zhoukoudian 443, 445 Chuwoli, South Korea, 418 Dmanisi, 86, 95 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84866-4 — The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia Robin Dennell Index More Information Index 543 fauna (cont.) Hindu Kush mountains, 39, 325, 326, 393, 469 India (post-Siwalik), 241, 347, 362 Hiran Valley, India, 351, 392 India, Pakistan (Siwaliks), 56, 130, 131, 144, 343 Hoabinhian, 164, 427 Indonesia, 253 Holon, Israel, 276, 278, 279, 306, 307 Java (Ngandong), 153, 251 Homo Java (Punung), 252 archaic H. sapiens, 243, 396, 417, 446, 448, 452, Java (Satir, Ci Saat), 162 454, 455, 457, 459, 460, 465, 469, 470 Java (Trinil), 153, 154, 160, 162, 251 H. antecessor, 392, 436, 458, 465, 468, 471 Siberia, 62, 253 H. cepranensis, 455, 458, 465, 471 Southeast Asia, 250, 251 H. erectus (general), 4, 5, 8, 9, 14, 18, 22, 30, 33, Southwest Asia, 76, 116, 120, 192, 239, 260, 274, 34, 123, 135, 187, 191, 421 278, 307, 308, 311, 318, 319, 322 H. erectus s.l., 12, 13, 32, 33, 89, 90, 91, 96, 113, Ubeidiya, 100, 106, 110, 111, 113 125, 134, 163, 176, 180, 184, 186, 188, 189, 192, Zhoukoudian, 242 198, 201, 271, 376, 438, 452, 453, 455, 457, 466, Fingnoian, Thailand, 427 476 fire, 269, 270, 293, 297, 333, 335, 391, 395, 398, 402, H. erectus s.s., 29, 103, 149, 155, 161, 164, 165, 179, 413, 415, 416, 417, 436, 463, 477 180, 191, 243, 244, 247, 249, 252, 398, 414, 415, fission-track dating, 155, 252, 429 416, 417, 432, 433, 436, 446, 448, 450, 452, 470, Fjaje, Jordan, 323 471 Flores, Indonesia, 2, 6, 163, 250, 252, 432 H. ergaster, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 26, 27, 29, 30, 89, 90, 113, 166, 180, 190, 194, 438 Gadeb, Ethiopia, 123 H. floresiensis, 188, 190, 198, 252, 429, 432, 438, Ganges River, India, 129, 130, 132, 144, 435, 471, 472 464 H. georgicus, 85, 90, 91, 113, 125, 184, 189 Ganj Par, Iran, 322 H. habilis, 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, Garrod, Dorothy, 260, 285, 286, 297, 301, 302, 303, 33, 89, 90, 113, 124, 163, 180, 189 304 H. heidelbergensis, 5, 335, 391, 392, 438, 446, 452, Georgia, 98, 318, 321 453, 454, 455, 456, 458, 459, 465, 471 Gesher Benot Yaaqovì (GBY), Israel, 6, 118, 135, H. helmei, 446, 454, 455, 459, 460, 465, 238, 271, 283, 323, 333, 335, 349, 375, 392, 436, 470 465, 474, 477, 481 H. neanderthalensis, 287, 298, 438, 452, 453, 455, Gezidong. See Gezitang Cave 456, 465, 468, 472, 477 Gezitang Cave, 400, 410 H. rhodesiensis, 455, 459, 465 Gharmachi 1b, Syria, 275 H. rudolfensis, 12, 18, 20, 21, 28, 29, 89, 90 Ghataprabha Valley, India, 351, 379, 380, 392, 394 H. sapiens, 163, 252, 253, 432 Gigantopithecus, 178, 179, 180, 249 Hoti Cave, Oman, 234, 255, 485 Gobi Desert, 39, 257, 463 Hsi-hou-tu.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gilliane Monnier,* Gilbert Tostevin,⁑ Goran Pajović,** Nikola Borovinić,*** Mile Baković***
    Gilliane Monnier,* Gilbert Tostevin,⁑ Goran Pajović,** Nikola Borovinić,*** Mile Baković*** Nova istraživanja paleolitskog nalazišta Crvena Stijena, istorijski kontekst Abstract: The rockshelter of Crvena Stijena (Nikšić municipality, Montenegro) is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in southeastern Europe. Its 20-meter deep sequence of archaeological deposits spans the Middle Paleolithic through the Bronze Age. The Middle Paleolithic deposits themselves, which cover an astonishing 12 meters in depth, contain one of the longest records of Neanderthal occupation in the region. Since its discovery in 1954, the site has been the subject of two major research projects; the data they have produced have helped make it a critical type-site for the Paleolithic in the Balkans. In this paper, our goal is to introduce the aims and methodologies of the new research collaboration at Crvena Stijena that we established in 2016. We first present the site within the context of the Middle Paleolithic of the western Balkans. We then describe the history of research at Crvena Stijena, and summarize the results of the last project, which were recently published1. Finally, we describe the research questions that are guiding our new investigations, and the methods we are applying in order to answer these questions while preserving as much of the site as possible for future generations of archaeologists. Keywords: Middle Paleolithic, Neanderthals, Balkans, fire, stone tools I. Uvod Nova istraživanja se sprovode u kontekstu saradnje Narodnog muzeja Crne Gore i Univerziteta Minesota, uspostavljene 2016. godine. Njihova svrha je ispitivanje sloja srednjeg paleolita na poznatom lokalitetu Crvena Stijena.U ovom radu predstavljamo istoriju istraživanja na Crvenoj stijeni, koja je iskopavana od 1954.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleolithic Aesthetics: Collecting Colorful Flint Pebbles at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave, Israel Ella Assaf
    Paleolithic aesthetics: Collecting colorful flint pebbles at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave, Israel Ella Assaf Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Email: [email protected] Abstract: This paper sheds light on the presence and significance of unusually small, colorful, unmodified, flint pebbles unearthed at Qesem Cave, a late Lower Paleolithic site in Israel. For over two million years, early humans were noticing, collecting and bringing "home" various non-utilitarian objects with aesthetic visible characteristics, in what seems to reflect a basic human trait. Archaeological findings suggest that as early as the Lower Paleolithic, prehistoric humans were also guided by considerations other than economic, cost-benefit ones. Such is the case at Qesem Cave, where seventeen pebbles that are clearly smaller than the smallest pebbles used in the lithic industry on-site were found. These objects do not show any traces of use. Based on archaeological and anthropological evidence, I suggest that the small, natural flint pebbles exhibit noticeable visual characteristics, and therefore they might have been selected and brought to the cave due to their aesthetic traits. Various materials such as animal carcasses, fire-wood and lithic materials were systematically procured and brought to the cave, indicating that the inhabitants must have been well acquainted with different sources of resources. In this light, the presence of the pebbles seems to be the result of conscious, purposeful decisions. Their presence at the cave reveals a fraction of some of the aesthetic and perceptual preferences of the early humans that inhabited Qesem Cave, and their rich cultural world.
    [Show full text]
  • Heat-Induced Alteration of Glauconitic Minerals in The
    Journal of Archaeological Science 86 (2017) 81e100 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Heat-induced alteration of glauconitic minerals in the Middle Stone Age levels of Blombos Cave, South Africa: Implications for evaluating site structure and burning events * Magnus M. Haaland a, , David E. Friesem b, Christopher E. Miller c, d, Christopher S. Henshilwood a, e a Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 1, PO Box 7805, N-5020 Bergen, Norway b McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK c Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany d Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany e Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa article info abstract Article history: In this paper we conduct geochemical and colourimetric measurements of glauconite grains in micro- Received 22 February 2017 morphological thin sections from the Middle Stone Age site of Blombos Cave, South Africa, to investigate Received in revised form the formation, internal structure and reworking of heat-exposed cave deposits that are related to pre- 5 June 2017 historic burning events. Controlled heating experiments were first carried out on glauconite-rich loose Accepted 11 June 2017 sediments and block samples, both of which were collected from the Blombos Cave bedrock. The control Available online 27 June 2017 samples were then subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (micro-FTIR) and petrographic-colourimetric analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
    [Show full text]
  • Arqueología 126
    PÓRTICOSemanal Arqueología 126 METODOLOGÍA: 001 — 026 Nº 1033 — 12 marzo 2012 PREHISTORIA. Obras generales: 027 — 045 Paleolítico — Neolítico: 046 — 065 Edad de los metales: 066 — 085 Península Ibérica: 086 — 105 ARQUEOLOGÍA. Obras generales: 106 — 128 Oriente: 129 — 149 Grecia: 150 — 167 Roma: 168 — 217 MateriaPenínsula Ibérica: 218 —00 238 Medieval: 239 — 265 PÓRTICO LIBRERÍAS EPIGRAFÍA — NUMISMÁTICA: 266 — 289 PÓRTICO SEMANAL Año XXV, Nº 1033 — 12 marzo 2012 ARQUEOLOGÍA 126 Dirige: José Miguel Alcrudo Responsable de la Sección: Carmen Alcrudo PÓRTICO LIBRERÍAS, S.A. www.porticolibrerias.es Muñoz Seca, 6 HORARIO / OPEN HOURS: Tel. (+34) 976 55 70 39 50005 Zaragoza — España 976 35 03 03 Lunes a jueves / Monday to Thursday 976 35 70 07 Fundada en 1945 10–14 15–18 Fax (+34) 976 35 32 26 Viernes / Friday 10–14 METODOLOGÍA 001 Accesibilidad y patrimonio. Yacimientos arqueológicos, cascos histó- ricos, jardines y monumentos 2007 – 282 pp., lám.col., fot. € 36,00 002 Alarashi, H. & al., eds.: Regards croisés sur l’étude archéologique des paysages anciens. Nouvelles recherches dans le bassin méditerra- néen, en Asie Centrale et au Proche et au Moyen-Orient 2010 – 254 pp., map., lám.col. € 22,20 ÍNDICE: B. Geyer: En guise d’introduction: le «paysage» vu par un géographe — E. Fouache: L’approche géoarchéologique — 1. Les stratégies d’implantation: S. Bracci: Landscapes evolution and organisation in rural and urban areas: the case of Diyala region, Iraq, goals, problems, and research methods — H. Criaud / J. Rohmer: Schémas d’occupation d’une enclave semi-aride: le Leja (Syrie du sud) de l’âge du bronze à la veille de l’annexion à Rome (3600 av.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Dynamics of the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age
    Settlement Dynamics of the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age Volume IV Edited by Nicholas J. Conard and Anne Delagnes Tübingen Publications in Prehistory Kerns Verlag Tübingen Table of Contents | Foreword Nicholas J. Conard and Anne Delagnes, Series Editors 7 Chapter 1 | Advances in the Study of Settlement Dynamics Nicholas J. Conard, Anne Delagnes 9 Chapter 2 | Examples of the Use of Space 77,000 to 62,000 Years Ago at Sibudu, South Africa Lyn Wadley 11 Chapter 3 | High-Resolution Geoarchaeology and Settlement Dynamics at the Middle Stone Age Sites of Diepkloof and Sibudu, South Africa Christopher E. Miller 27 Chapter 4 | Coastal Adaptations and Settlement Systems on the Cape and Horn of Africa during the Middle Stone Age Manuel Will, Andrew W. Kandel, Nicholas J. Conard 47 Chapter 5 | Développement sur une discontinuité technique dans la séquence Howiesons Poort de l’abri Diepkloof (Afrique du Sud) Guillaume Porraz, Marina Igreja, Pierre-Jean Texier 77 Chapter 6 | Paleolithic Assemblages from the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah (UAE) and Implications for Human Settlement Dynamics in Southern Arabia Knut Bretzke 105 Chapter 7 | Changes in Land Use and Occupation Intensity at the Onset of the Middle Paleolithic? A View from Tabun Cave, Israel Amy E. Clark 127 Chapter 8 | Middle Paleolithic Variability in the Near East as a Reflection of Different Settlement Dynamics: A Comparative Study of Umm el Tlel, Yabrud I (Syria) and Ksar ‘Akil (Lebanon) Marina Pagli 145 Chapter 9 | Middle Paleolithic Settlement on the Iranian Central
    [Show full text]
  • Download K26-05080-S10816-017
    J Archaeol Method Theory (2018) 25:739–776 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-017-9354-y Home Is Where the Hearth Is: Anthracological and Microstratigraphic Analyses of Pleistocene and Holocene Combustion Features, Riwi Cave (Kimberley, Western Australia) Rose Whitau1 & Dorcas Vannieuwenhuyse2 & Emilie Dotte-Sarout2,3 & Jane Balme2 & Sue O’Connor1 Published online: 26 October 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract The manipulation of fire is a technological act. The identification of the archaeological signatures of the controlled use of fire has important implications not only for the estimations of the origins and functions of the first fireplaces but also for our understanding of prehistoric technological development and resource use. At Riwi (Kimberley region, Western Australia), excavations over two field seasons have re- vealed a discontinuous occupation sequence over the past 45 ka, showing numerous, different combustion features interspersed within the deposit. Anthracological and micromorphological investigations at Riwi Cave indicate that the combustion features at the site can be categorised into three types: flat combustion features (type A), dug combustion features (type B) and thick accumulations of mixed combustion residues (type C). These provide evidence for two kinds of combustion practice: (i) fires lit directly on the ground and most likely not re-used and (ii) ground ovens, the latter appearing some 10,000 years after the first evidence for occupation of the site. A comparison of the wood species identified within these combustion features with those from equivalent scattered context levels, enables an exploration of the potential factors influencing wood selection and fire use through time at the site.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Experimental Knapping in Empirically Testing Key Themes in the Evolution of Lithic Technology: Reduction Intensity, Efficiency and Behavioural Complexity
    The role of experimental knapping in empirically testing key themes in the evolution of lithic technology: reduction intensity, efficiency and behavioural complexity Antoine Muller BA (archaeology) BA Honours (archaeology) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2017 School of Social Science Abstract Experimental knapping has complimented and stimulated lithic analyses for over a century. Throughout this period, the discipline has witnessed an increase in the scientific rigour and theoretical grounding with which these studies are conducted. This thesis charts these key trends and in doing so establishes a best-practice model of experimental knapping, the veracity of which is in turn tested using four new lithic experiments. These case-studies employ experimental knapping to advance our understanding of flake platform measurement, reduction intensity, technological efficiency, and behavioural complexity. The first case-study, Chapter 3, offers a more accurate and precise calliper-based method of flake platform measurement that relies on simple geometric approximations of platform shape rather than the inflexible and unreliable existing method of multiplying platform width by thickness. In Chapter 4, a new reduction intensity metric for backed blades, a hitherto overlooked tool-type, is developed and tested on the backed blades from an early Neolithic site in Turkey. This new metric allows a reconstruction of the raw material consumption patterns at the site, finding that the backed blades likely contributed to conserving the inhabitants’ scarce lithic raw material. Meanwhile, Chapter 5 outlines the results of a comparison of the raw material efficiency of eight different lithic technologies, finding that lithic technological efficiency was a generally ascending trend over the last 3.3 million years and that the main transition in efficiency occurred between the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts
    Book of abstracts XVIII° CONGRES UISPP PARIS JUIN 2018 18th UISPP WORLD CONGRESS, PARIS, JUNE 2018 1 Table of contents XVIIIe congres UISPP Paris.pdf1 IV-1. Old Stones, New Eyes? Charting future directions in lithic analysis. 10 Found Objects and Readymade in the Lower Palaeolithic: Selection and Col- lection of Fully Patinated Flaked Items for Shaping Scrapers at Qesem Cave, Israel, Bar Efrati [et al.]................................ 11 Lithic technology as part of the `human landscape': an alternative view, Simon Holdaway........................................ 13 Moving on from here: the evolving role of mobility in studies of Paleolithic tech- nology., Steven Kuhn.................................. 14 The settlement system of Mount Carmel (Israel) at the threshold of agriculture as reflected in Late Natufian flint assemblages, Gal Bermatov-Paz [et al.]..... 15 What lithic technology (really) wants. An alternative "life-theoretical" perspec- tive on technological evolution in the deep past, Shumon Hussain......... 16 Exploring knowledge-transfer systems during the Still Bay at 80-70 thousand years ago in southern Africa, Marlize Lombard [et al.]............... 17 Technological Choices along the Early Natufian Sequence of el-Wad Terrace, Mount Carmel, Israel, false [et al.].......................... 18 Trying the old and the new: Combining approaches to lithic analysis, Aldo Malag´o[et al.]...................................... 19 Early tool-making and the biological evolution of memory systems in brains of early Homo., Michael Walker............................. 21 New methodology for studying old lithics to answer new questions: about the laterality in human evolution., Am`eliaBargall´o[et al.]............... 23 1 Approaches and limits of core classification systems and new perspectives, Jens Frick [et al.]....................................... 24 On the application of 3D analysis to the definition of lithic technological tradi- tion, Francesco Valletta [et al.]...........................
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline for Homo Sapiens - 3Rd Edition from 2.5M B.C.E
    Timeline for Homo sapiens - 3rd Edition From 2.5M B.C.E. to 300,000 B.C.E. Hominin Species had organized the 1st Industrial Complexes making stone tools in quantities. By 1.8M B.C.E. hand axes and stone points that were flaked on two sides, hominins are demonstrating skill and technique. Undisputed evidence of a footprint that dates to 1.5M B.C.E. of a, "most Many Glacial likely", Homo erectus walking upright in Africa. Homo erectus fossils have been dated and from 1.8M B.C.E. to the 210,000 B.C.E. (12 discoveries are outside of Africa). Bone Interglacial Tools are found at the same epoch. From 1.5M B.C.E. to 790,000 B.C.E. evidence of Epochs occur hearths and cooking. The 1st living species that took control of fire. 500,000 B.C.E. over the 2.5 Hominin Species are hunting large animals with spears. Four wooden spears dated million years circa 400,000 B.C.E. have been found in Germany in 1995. Use of pigments on the body B.C.E. to and painting developed next around 400,000 B.C.E. to 300,000 B.C.E.. Descended from 300,000 B.C.E.. Sea levels rise Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis exists as a distinct species from around and fall 300ft 600,000 B.C.E./500,000 B.C.E. to around 26,000 B.C.E. and no fossils exist that are on average. younger than this time. 570,000/470,000 years tops Homo Sapiens by 370,000/270,000 Average years of existence as a distinct species.
    [Show full text]
  • The Qesem Cave Hominin Material (Part 1): a Morphometric Analysis of the Mandibular Premolars and Molar
    Quaternary International 398 (2016) 159e174 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint The Qesem Cave hominin material (part 1): A morphometric analysis of the mandibular premolars and molar * Gerhard W. Weber a, b, , Cinzia Fornai a, Avi Gopher c, Ran Barkai c, Rachel Sarig d, e, Israel Hershkovitz d, f a University of Vienna, Department of Anthropology, Austria b University of Vienna, Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, Austria c Tel Aviv University, Institute of Archaeology, Israel d Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel e The Department of Orthodontics, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel f The Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel article info abstract Article history: The Mid-Pleistocene Qesem Cave near Tel Aviv in Israel yielded several hominin teeth and abundant Available online 9 February 2016 faunal and cultural remains. The geological sequences of the cave were dated to 420,000e200,000 years ago. In this contribution, we focus on the three lower postcanine teeth which are among the oldest Keywords: material from the cave. We used both Geometric Morphometrics and qualitative observations on the Dental morphometrics outer enamel surface and the internal enameledentine junction to investigate shape and size variation in Mid-Pleistocene a sample of Early-to Late-Pleistocene fossils (Sangiran, Mauer, Bilzingsleben, Ehringsdorf, Qafzeh, Ohalo), Late-Pleistocene Neanderthals, and geographically diverse recent humans. Our approach based on three dental traits from Neanderthals Anatomically modern humans three tooth types is able to distinguish quite well between dental specimens from anatomically modern fi Virtual Anthropology humans (AMH) and Neanderthals (NEA).
    [Show full text]
  • Neandertals Revised
    SPECIAL FEATURE: SPECIAL FEATURE: PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE Neandertals revised Wil Roebroeksa,1 and Marie Soressia Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved February 26, 2016 (received for review December 14, 2015) The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a population of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between ∼400,000 and 40,000 y ago. Starting from a source population deep in the Middle Pleistocene, the hundreds of thousands of years of relative separation between African and Eurasian groups led to the emergence of different phenotypes in Late Pleistocene Europe and Africa. Both recently obtained genetic evidence and archeological data show that the biological and cultural gaps between these populations were probably smaller than previously thought. These data, reviewed here, falsify inferences to the effect that, compared with their near-modern contemporaries in Africa, Neandertals were outliers in terms of behavioral complexity. It is only around 40,000 y ago, tens of thousands of years after anatomically modern humans first left Africa and thousands of years after documented interbreeding between modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans, that we see major changes in the archeological record, from western Eurasia to Southeast Asia, e.g., the emer- gence of representational imagery and the colonization of arctic areas and of greater Australia (Sahul). Neandertals | early modern humans | Middle Paleolithic | Middle Stone Age Neandertals were the first extinct hominins identified genome (3, 4), with the models for estimating this on the basis of fossil skeletal remains, recovered in gene flow still developing. 1856 during quarrying work at the Feldhofer Grotte The modern human phenotype evolved in the near Düsseldorf, Germany, and baptized as Homo Middle Pleistocene in Africa and from there expanded neanderthalensis in 1864 (1).
    [Show full text]