CS 414/415 Systems Programming and Operating Systems
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Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix : from AT&T-Owned to Freely
Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix : From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable Marshall Kirk McKusick Early History Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie presented the first Unix paper at the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles at Purdue University in November 1973. Professor Bob Fabry, of the University of California at Berkeley, was in attendance and immediately became interested in obtaining a copy of the system to experiment with at Berkeley. At the time, Berkeley had only large mainframe computer systems doing batch processing, so the first order of business was to get a PDP-11/45 suitable for running with the then-current Version 4 of Unix. The Computer Science Department at Berkeley, together with the Mathematics Department and the Statistics Department, were able to jointly purchase a PDP-11/45. In January 1974, a Version 4 tape was delivered and Unix was installed by graduate student Keith Standiford. Although Ken Thompson at Purdue was not involved in the installation at Berkeley as he had been for most systems up to that time, his expertise was soon needed to determine the cause of several strange system crashes. Because Berkeley had only a 300-baud acoustic-coupled modem without auto answer capability, Thompson would call Standiford in the machine room and have him insert the phone into the modem; in this way Thompson was able to remotely debug crash dumps from New Jersey. Many of the crashes were caused by the disk controller's inability to reliably do overlapped seeks, contrary to the documentation. Berkeley's 11/45 was among the first systems that Thompson had encountered that had two disks on the same controller! Thompson's remote debugging was the first example of the cooperation that sprang up between Berkeley and Bell Labs. -
Kratka Povijest Unixa Od Unicsa Do Freebsda I Linuxa
Kratka povijest UNIXa Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa 1 Autor: Hrvoje Horvat Naslov: Kratka povijest UNIXa - Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa Licenca i prava korištenja: Svi imaju pravo koristiti, mijenjati, kopirati i štampati (printati) knjigu, prema pravilima GNU GPL licence. Mjesto i godina izdavanja: Osijek, 2017 ISBN: 978-953-59438-0-8 (PDF-online) URL publikacije (PDF): https://www.opensource-osijek.org/knjige/Kratka povijest UNIXa - Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa.pdf ISBN: 978-953- 59438-1- 5 (HTML-online) DokuWiki URL (HTML): https://www.opensource-osijek.org/dokuwiki/wiki:knjige:kratka-povijest- unixa Verzija publikacije : 1.0 Nakalada : Vlastita naklada Uz pravo svakoga na vlastito štampanje (printanje), prema pravilima GNU GPL licence. Ova knjiga je napisana unutar inicijative Open Source Osijek: https://www.opensource-osijek.org Inicijativa Open Source Osijek je član udruge Osijek Software City: http://softwarecity.hr/ UNIX je registrirano i zaštićeno ime od strane tvrtke X/Open (Open Group). FreeBSD i FreeBSD logo su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane FreeBSD Foundation. Imena i logo : Apple, Mac, Macintosh, iOS i Mac OS su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke Apple Computer. Ime i logo IBM i AIX su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke International Business Machines Corporation. IEEE, POSIX i 802 registrirani i zaštićeni od strane instituta Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Ime Linux je registrirano i zaštićeno od strane Linusa Torvaldsa u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Ime i logo : Sun, Sun Microsystems, SunOS, Solaris i Java su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke Sun Microsystems, sada u vlasništvu tvrtke Oracle. Ime i logo Oracle su u vlasništvu tvrtke Oracle. -
UNIX History Page 1 Tuesday, December 10, 2002 7:02 PM
UNIX History Page 1 Tuesday, December 10, 2002 7:02 PM CHAPTER 1 UNIX Evolution and Standardization This chapter introduces UNIX from a historical perspective, showing how the various UNIX versions have evolved over the years since the very first implementation in 1969 to the present day. The chapter also traces the history of the different attempts at standardization that have produced widely adopted standards such as POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. The material presented here is not intended to document all of the UNIX variants, but rather describes the early UNIX implementations along with those companies and bodies that have had a major impact on the direction and evolution of UNIX. A Brief Walk through Time There are numerous events in the computer industry that have occurred since UNIX started life as a small project in Bell Labs in 1969. UNIX history has been largely influenced by Bell Labs’ Research Editions of UNIX, AT&T’s System V UNIX, Berkeley’s Software Distribution (BSD), and Sun Microsystems’ SunOS and Solaris operating systems. The following list shows the major events that have happened throughout the history of UNIX. Later sections describe some of these events in more detail. 1 UNIX History Page 2 Tuesday, December 10, 2002 7:02 PM 2 UNIX Filesystems—Evolution, Design, and Implementation 1969. Development on UNIX starts in AT&T’s Bell Labs. 1971. 1st Edition UNIX is released. 1973. 4th Edition UNIX is released. This is the first version of UNIX that had the kernel written in C. 1974. Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie publish their classic paper, “The UNIX Timesharing System” [RITC74]. -
Introduction to Free Software-SELF
Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández (coordinador) David Megías Jiménez (coordinador) Jesús M. González Barahona Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles XP07/M2101/02708 © FUOC • XP07/M2101/02708 Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández David Megías Jiménez Jesús M. González Barahona Founding member of Softcatalà and Computer Science Engineer by the Professor in the Department of Tele- of the telematic network RedBBS. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona matic Systems and Computation of He has worked as a consultant in (UAB, Spain). Master in Advanced the Rey Juan Carlos University (Ma- companies like Menta, Telépolis, Vo- Process Automatisation Techniques drid, Spain), where he coordinates dafone, Lotus, eresMas, Amena and by the UAB. PhD. in Computer Sci- the research group LibreSoft. His Terra España. ence by the UAB. Associate Profes- professional areas of interest include sor in the Computer Science, Multi- the study of free software develop- media and Telecommunication De- ment and the transfer of knowledge partment of the Universitat Oberta in this field to the industrial sector. de Catalunya (UOC, Spain) and Di- rector of the Master Programme in Free Software at the UOC. Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles PhD. Enigeer of Telecommunicati- Assistant professor in the Rey Juan ons in the Politechnical University Carlos University (Madrid, Spain), of Madrid (Spain). He has worked where he acquired his PhD. de- in the private sector and has al- gree in February 2006. Besides his so taught in the Computer Scien- teaching tasks, he researches free ce Faculty of that same university. software development from the Nowadays he is professor in the De- point of view of software enginee- partment of Telematic Systems En- ring, with special focus in quantitati- gineering, and has taught courses ve issues. -
Linux Facile Di Daniele Medri
Linux Facile¤ di Daniele Medri 3 luglio 2001 ¤°c 2000, 2001 Daniele Medri - “Linux Facile” versione 5.0 - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with one Front- Cover Texts: “Linux Facile - di Daniele Medri”, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. (pag. 223) A Monica, i miei genitori, i miei amici 3 4 Introduzione Il successo del software libero viene decretato ogni anno che passa e la sua più famosa interpreta- zione è GNU/Linux, un sistema operativo molto performante, scalabile e sicuro, diffuso in tutto il mondo grazie alle proprie caratteristiche di qualità. Software vivo, liberamente usufruibile e distri- buibile senza nessuna limitazione, un movimento che cresce e si diffonde tra le persone e il mondo professionale con una grande rapidità grazie alla rete Internet, la quale è stata ambiente incubatorio per lo stesso. L’idea di questo manuale è sorta durante un corso di laboratorio universitario sulle tecnologie telematiche dove la contrapposizione tra le persone interessate e la dispersione delle informazioni era notevole e non certo positiva. Da questa situazione rilevata ho cercato di costruire un punto di partenza, un manuale entry-level sul sistema operativo e tutto il movimento storico e filosofico che lo ha preceduto. Questa è stata la direzione personalmente seguita nella stesura di questo te- sto, direzione sempre anteposta ad ogni scelta per agevolare utenti inesperti come quelli esperti, per insegnare novità o divenire semplice base informativa, appunti di quotidiana amministrazione di sistema. -
OPENSOURCES Voices from the Open Source Revolution Michael Tiemann Future of Cygnus Solutions: an Entrepreneur’S Account
Eric S. Raymond A Brief History of Hackerdom Marshall Kirk McKusick Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix: From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable Scott Bradner The Internet Engineering Task Force Richard Stallman The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement OPENSOURCES Voices from the Open Source Revolution Michael Tiemann Future of Cygnus Solutions: An Entrepreneur’s Account Paul Vixie Software Engineering Linus Torvalds The Linux Edge Robert Young Giving It Away: How Red Hat Software Stumbled Across a New Economic Model and Helped Improve an Industry Larry Wall Diligence, Patience, and Humility Bruce Perens The Open Source Definition Tim O'Reilly Hardware, Software, and Infoware Jim Hamerly and Tom Paquin with Susan Walton Freeing the Source: The Story of Mozilla Eric S. Raymond Edited by The Revenge of the Hackers Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman and Mark Stone OPENSOURCES Voices from the Open Source Revolution Edited by Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman and Mark Stone Copyright “Free Software” is Copyright c ; 1998 Richard M. Stallman Verbatim copying and duplication is permitted in any medium provided this notice is preserved. “A Brief History of Hackerdom” and “Revenge of the Hackers” are Copyright c ; 1998 Eric S. Raymond. These essays are free; you can redistribute them and/or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. These essays are distributed in the hope that they will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. -
Berkeley Odyssey
BERKELEY ODYSSEY Ten years of BSD history by Marshall Kirk McKusick Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie presented the first UNIX paper at the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles at Pur due University in November, 1973. Professor Bob Fabry was in attendance and immediately became interested in obtaining a f copy of the system to experiment with at Berkeley. - At the time, Berkeley had only large mainframe computer systems doing batch processing, so the first order of business was to get a PDP-11/45 suitable for running the then current Version 4 of UNIX. The Computer Science Department, together with the Mathematics Department and the Statistics Department were able to jointly purchase a PDP-11/45. In January, 1974, a Version 4 tape was delivered and UNIX was installed by graduate student ¥<~ Keith Standiford. Although Ken Thompson was not involved in the installation — as he had been for most systems up to that time — his exper tise was soon needed to determine the cause of several strange system crashes. Because Berkeley had only a 300 baud acoustic- coupled modem without auto answer capability, Thompson would call Standiford in the machine room and have him insert the phone into the modem; in this way Thompson was able to remote ly debug crash dumps from New Jersey. 9mm £££ SK wmmMm&?<%?+•*>' '-•fy&Z j?m gis£^t - WMm ^ssg®mmm m^f, ?*S£ SP mm? r^^^m^^S?^^ :%%&m. ':•! '-^SS&^i * Jfjfe BERKELEY ODYSSEY Many of the crashes were project became the first group in immediate interest in the new caused by the disk controller's the Computer Science department system. -
Operační Systém BSD
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích Přírodovědecká fakulta Operační systém BSD Bakalářská práce Milan Ďurkov Školitel: Mgr. Jiří Pech, Ph.D. České Budějovice 2012 Bibliografické údaje Ďurkov M., 2012: Operační systém BSD. [Operating system BSD. Bc.. Thesis, in Czech.] – 60 p., Faculty of Science, The University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Anotace: Tato bakalářská práce podává přehled o operačním systému BSD Unix. V teoretické části je popsána historie, současnost a základní informace o jednotlivých distribucích tohoto systému. Dále popisuje vlastnosti jádra BSD a nativně používaného souborového systému UFS, který také srovnává s Linuxovým souborovým systémem Ext4. Práce také obsahuje popis BSD licence a její srovnání s licencí GNU GPL. Praktická část práce potom popisuje instalaci, konfiguraci a praktické zkušenosti s desktopovým systémem PC-BSD. Abstract: This bachelor’s thesis gives an overview of the operating system BSD Unix. The theoretical part of the work describes the history, the present and the basic information about the single distributions of this system. It also describes characteristics of the BSD kernel and natively used filesystem UFS which also compares with the Linux filesystem Ext4. The work also comprises description of the BSD license and its comparison with the GNU GPL license. The practical part of the thesis then describes the installation, configuration and practical experience of the work with desktop PC-BSD system. Prohlašuji, že svoji bakalářskou práci jsem vypracoval samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své bakalářské práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. -
Introduction to Free Software, February 2008
Free Software Jesús M. González-Barahona Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles PID_00148386 GNUFDL • PID_00148386 Free Software Copyright © 2010, FUOC. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License" GNUFDL • PID_00148386 Free Software Index 1. Introduction........................................................................................ 9 1.1. The concept of software freedom.................................................. 9 1.1.1. Definition ....................................................................... 10 1.1.2. Related terms ................................................................. 11 1.2. Motivations ................................................................................. 12 1.3. The consequences of the freedom of software ........................... 12 1.3.1. For the end user ............................................................ 13 1.3.2. For the public administration ....................................... 14 1.3.3. For the developer ........................................................... 14 1.3.4. For the integrator .......................................................... 15 1.3.5. For service and maintenance providers ......................... 15 1.4. Summary .................................................................................... -
Governance Structures of Free/Open Source Software Development
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES OF FREE/OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT examining the role of modular product design as a governance mechanism in the FreeBSD Project George DAFERMOS GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES OF FREE/OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT examining the role of modular product design as a governance mechanism in the FreeBSD Project PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben, voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op 10 december 2012 om 15.00 uur door George DAFERMOS Master of Science in Electronic Commerce Applications at University of Sunderland, England geboren te Irakleio, Griekenland. Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor: Prof.dr. M.J.G. van Eeten Samenstelling promotiecommissie: Rector Magnificus voorzitter Prof.dr. M.J.G. van Eeten Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor Prof.mr.dr. J.A. de Bruijn Technische Universiteit Delft Prof.dr. J.P.M. Groenewegen Technische Universiteit Delft Prof.dr. V.J.J.M. Bekkers Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Prof.dr. J.M. Bauer Michigan State University Dr. M. den Besten Montpellier Business School ISBN 978-90-79787-40-1 Published and distributed by: Next Generation Infrastructures Foundation P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands [email protected], www.nginfra.nl This research was funded by the Next Generation Infrastructures Foundation programme and TU Delft. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial- Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. -
Free for All How Linux and the Free Software Move- Ment Undercut the High-Tech Titans
Free for All How Linux and the Free Software Move- ment Undercut the High-Tech Titans by Peter Wayner This is the free electronic version of the book originally published by HarperCollins. The book is still protected by copyright and bound by a license granting you the limited rights to make complete copies for non-commercial purposes.You’re welcome to read it in electronic form subject to these conditions: 1) You may not make derivative works. You must reproduce the work in its entirety. 2) You may not sell versions. 3) You refer everyone receiving a copy to the website where they may get the latest corrected version. (http://www.wayner.org/books/ffa/). A full license developed by the Creative Commons (www.creativecommons.org) will be forth- coming. Please write ([email protected]) if you have any questions or suggestions. Disappearing Cryptography, 2nd Edition Information Hiding: Steganography & Watermarking by Peter Wayner ISBN 1-55860-769-2 $44.95 To order, visit: http://www.wayner.org/books/discrypt2/ Disappearing Cryptography, Second Edition describes how to take words, sounds, or images and hide them in digital data so they look like other words, sounds, or images. When used properly, this powerful technique makes it almost impossible to trace the author and the recipient of a message. Conversations can be sub- merged in the flow of information through the Internet so that no one can know if a conversation exists at all. This full revision of the best-selling first edition “Disappearing Cryptography is a witty and enter- describes a number of different techniques to hide taining look at the world of information hiding. -
Making Databases Work: the Pragmatic Wisdom of Michael Stonebraker Editor: Michael L
Making Databases Work ACM Books Editor in Chief M. Tamer Ozsu,¨ University of Waterloo ACM Books is a new series of high-quality books for the computer science community, published by ACM in collaboration with Morgan & Claypool Publishers. ACM Books publications are widely distributed in both print and digital formats through booksellers and to libraries (and library consortia) and individual ACM members via the ACM Digital Library platform. Making Databases Work: The Pragmatic Wisdom of Michael Stonebraker Editor: Michael L. Brodie 2018 The Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces, Volume 2: Signal Processing, Architectures, and Detection of Emotion and Cognition Editors: Sharon Oviatt, Monash University Bjorn¨ Schuller, University of Augsburg and Imperial College London Philip R. Cohen, Monash University Daniel Sonntag, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Gerasimos Potamianos, University of Thessaly Antonio Kr¨uger, Saarland University and German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) 2018 Declarative Logic Programming: Theory, Systems, and Applications Editors: Michael Kifer, Stony Brook University Yanhong Annie Liu, Stony Brook University 2018 The Sparse Fourier Transform: Theory and Practice Haitham Hassanieh, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2018 The Continuing Arms Race: Code-Reuse Attacks and Defenses Editors: Per Larsen, Immunant, Inc. Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt 2018 Frontiers of Multimedia Research Editor: Shih-Fu Chang, Columbia University 2018 Shared-Memory