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DMP Sustainability Appraisal Report Nov 2013 Appendix 2

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DMP Sustainability Appraisal Report Nov 2013 Appendix 2 Watford Borough Council Part 2 Local Plan- Development Management Policies Options Proposed 1st Consultation Version Sustainability Appraisal Report November 2013 Appendix 2- Watford Borough Council Core Strategy SA Extract of Baseline Information (updated in May 2013) This page is intentionally blank Contents 1. Air Quality 1 1.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 1 1.2. Baseline Information 1 1.3. Trends 4 1.4. Data Gaps/Limitations 4 2. Biodiversity 5 2.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 5 2.2. Baseline Information 5 Natural Areas 5 Designated Areas 7 Woodland Cover 9 2.3. Trends 9 2.4. Data Gaps/Limitations 9 3. Climatic Factors 11 3.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 11 3.2. Baseline Information 11 3.3. Trends 12 3.4. Data Gaps/Uncertainties 13 4. Cultural Heritage 14 4.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 14 4.2. Baseline Information 14 4.3. Trends 16 4.4. Data Gaps/Limitations 16 5. 5 Human Health - Public Health 17 5.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 17 5.2. Baseline Information 17 5.3. Trends 18 6. Human Health - Noise 19 6.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 19 6.2. Baseline Information 19 6.3. Trends 19 7. Landscape 20 7.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 20 7.2. Baseline Information 20 7.3. Trends 23 7.4. Data Gaps/Limitations 23 8. Material Assets 24 8.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 24 8.2. Baseline Information 24 8.3. Trends 25 8.4. Gaps/Limitations 25 8.5. Trends 26 8.6. Data Gaps/Limitations 26 9. Population 27 9.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 27 i 9.2. Baseline Information 27 9.3. Trends 28 10. Soil 29 10.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 29 10.2. Baseline Information 29 10.3. Trends 30 10.4. Data Gaps/Uncertainties 30 11. Water 31 11.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 31 11.2. Baseline Information 31 11.3. Trends 33 11.4. Data Gaps/Uncertainties 33 12. Social Factors - Housing 34 12.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 34 12.2. Baseline Information 34 12.3. Trends 35 13. Social Factors - Crime 36 13.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 36 13.2. Baseline Information 36 13.3. Trends 36 14. Social factors - Accessibility 36 14.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 36 14.2. Baseline Information 37 14.3. Trends 37 15. Social Factors - Social Deprivation 37 15.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 37 15.2. Baseline Information 37 15.3. Trends 38 16. Social Factors - Recreation, Sport and Leisure 38 16.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 38 16.2. Baseline Information 38 16.3. Trends 38 17. Social Factors - Disability Allowance 39 17.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 39 17.2. Baseline Information 39 17.3. Trends 39 18. Social Factors - Healthcare 39 18.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 39 18.2. Baseline Information 39 18.3. Trends 40 19. Social Factors - Education 40 19.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 40 19.2. Baseline Information 40 19.3. Trends 41 20. Economic Factors - Economic Activity 42 ii 20.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 42 20.2. Baseline Information 42 21. Economic Factors - Employment 44 21.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 44 21.2. Baseline Information 44 21.3. Trends 45 22. Economic Factors - Economic Footprint 46 22.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 46 22.2. Baseline Information 46 22.3. Trends 47 23. Economic Factors - Enterprise and Innovation 47 23.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes 47 23.2. Baseline Information 48 23.3. Trends 48 iii 1. Air Quality 1.1. Relationship with other Plans and Programmes European level EU Directive 1996/62/EC on Ambient Air Quality sets the framework for dealing with local air pollution by introducing new air quality standards for previously unregulated pollutants. In addition, the 6th EU Environment Action Programme highlights strategic priorities of the Commission’s environmental policy, amongst others human health - an issue closed related to air pollution. At a national level, the UK Air Quality Strategy defines a number of air quality objectives for several pollutants, whilst PPS 23 ‘Planning and Pollution Control’ stresses the importance of the proximity principle in siting new developments and thereby separating incompatible land uses. 1.2. Baseline Information The monitoring of air quality is important in ensuring that levels of identified pollutants remain below national standards and targets. Local authorities are required to review and assess the concentrations of seven pollutants for national health-based objectives. These are: Carbon monoxide (CO); Nitrogen oxides (NOX); Benzene; 1,3-butadiene Lead; Particulate matter (PM10); and Sulphur dioxide (SO2). These pollutants are monitored because they can damage human health and the environment. For the purpose of this report, data on pollutant levels, and the number of days where air pollution was considered as moderate or high has been collected. This data has been compared to regional data and national targets. Table 1 shows relevant UK air quality standards and objectives1, derived from the 2007 UK Air Quality Strategy. These also include limit values set out by EU Daughter Directives on Air Quality. Table 1 - Selected AQ standards and objectives UK Air Quality Objectives for protection of human health, July 2007 Pollutant Air Quality Objective To be achieved by Concentration Measured as Benzene All authorities 16.25 µg m-3 Running annual mean 31 December 2003 England and Wales Only 5.00 µg m-3 Annual mean 31 December 2010 1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg m-3 Running annual mean 31 December 2003 Carbon Monoxide England, Wales and N. 10.0 mg m-3 Maximum daily running 8- 31 December Ireland hour mean 2003 Lead 0.5 mg m-3 Annual mean 31 December 2004 0.25 mg m-3 Annual mean 31 December 2008 Nitrogen Dioxide 200 µg m-3 not to be 1-hour mean 31 December exceeded more than 18 2005 times a year 40 µg m-3 Annual mean 31 December 1 http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/standards.php#std 1 UK Air Quality Objectives for protection of human health, July 2007 Pollutant Air Quality Objective To be achieved by Concentration Measured as 2005 Particles (PM10) (gravimetric) All authorities 50 µg m-3, not to be 24-hour mean 31 December exceeded more than 35 2004 times a year 40 µg m-3 Annual mean 31 December 2004 Sulphur dioxide 350 µg m-3, not to be 1-hour mean 31 December exceeded more than 24 2004 times a year 125 µg m-3, not to be 24-hour mean 31 December exceeded more than 3 2004 times a year 266 µg m-3, not to be 15-minute mean 31 December exceeded more than 35 2005 times a year Ozone 100 µg m-3 not to be 8-hour mean 31 December exceeded more than 10 2005 times a year Table 2 shows estimated and predicted pollutant levels2 in Watford Borough Council, St Albans City Council, Dacorum Borough Council, and Three Rivers District Council. The data was derived by calculating the average of the predictions for all sites in the Local Authority area. Data was not available for SO2 and CO levels in 2005 and 2010, and 1, 3-butadeine in 2010. The data below displays a general trend of decreasing pollutant levels between 2001 and 2010. Table 2 – Air Pollutant levels Pollutant Watford Borough Council 2001 2005 2010 NOX 65.04 53.51 40.97 NO2 34.20 29.90 24.89 PM10 21.74 20.92 19.01 SO2 3.6 - - Benzene 0.72 0.63 0.47 CO 0.42 - - 1, 3-butadeine 0.31 0.25 - Units: NOX (ugm-3 as NO2 annual mean); NO2 (ugm-3 annual mean); PM10 (ugm-3 grav. annual mean); SO2 (ugm-3 annual mean); Benzene (ugm-3 annual mean); CO (mgm-3 annual mean); 1, 3- butadeine (1, 3-butadiene 2001 ugm-3 annual mean) For comparison, Table 3 displays estimated pollutant level data for the East of England3. The data was derived by calculating the average of the predictions for all sites in the East of England. No data was available for benzene or 1, 3-butadeine. It can be seen that, for NOx in particular, Watford has below-average air quality for the region although the trend is equally towards improvement. However measurements at the Watford Town Hall area suggests NOx at 38 units, NO2 at 20 and PM10 at 17- suggesting better air quality in some pockets of the Borough. 2 Air Quality Archive: http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/laqm/laqm.php 3 Air Quality Archive: http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/data_and_statistics.php?action=exceedence_pre_step&go=Go 2 Table 3 - East of England region estimated air pollution East of England air pollution Pollutant 2001 2005 NOX 60.87 40.58 NO2 28.93 23.95 PM10 21.33 21 SO2 8.1 6.48 Benzene - - CO 0.4 0.24 1, 3-butadeine - - (Units as for table above) .A common presentation of air quality trends looks at the number of days in a year that a particular AQ standard or objective was exceeded. Table 4 shows this data for the years 2001 to 2006 for three pollutants, showing positive trends for particulates but a persistent problem regarding rural ozone. Table 4: Air Pollutants – Number of days government objectives exceeded - Hertfordshire4 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Statistic Rural Ozone 28 16 42 28 28 33 Air Quality Strategy exceedence days Urban Particulates 7 11 8 2 2 6.6 Air Quality Strategy exceedence days Roadside Particulates 10 9 14 5 6 15.5 Air Quality Strategy exceedence days Data published for nitrogen dioxide levels (see Table 5) shows that the eventual target concentration (referring to the annual mean of 40 µg m-3) was exceeded in 2000 – 2003 but was complied with by the 2005 deadline and has continued to remain below this target.
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