Wagon Tracks Volume 10 Issue 2 Wagon Tracks Volume 10, Issue 2 (February Article 1 1996)

1996 Wagon Tracks. Volume 10, Issue 2 (February, 1996) Association

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.' VOWME10 FEBRUARY 1996 NUMBER 2 NEW FEATURES ADDED A KANSAS CITY GHOST Two new features begin in this STORY: THE ALEXANDER issue. Patti Olsen, , NM, MAJORS HISTORICAL HOME chairman of the SFTA education committee has proposed an ex­ by Pauline S. and Eric Fowler ch~e for teachers. She has (Polly Fowler. Independence, MO, is a agr to serve as assistant editor charter member ofSFTA, a member of of the regular column titled "Fort the board of directors, and has Learned-Teachers' Trading Post." 175th ANNIVERSARY received an SFTA AwardofMerit and One ofthe purposes ofSFTA is to SFTA 175th anniversaty commit­ the prestigious Rittenhouse Memorial promote learning about the Trail, tee chairman Harty C. Myers re­ Stagecoach Award. Her son, Eric, is a and the education ofyoung people ports that numerous activities are SFTA member. Both are active in the is an important part of that mis­ being planned throughout theyear Ouifltters Chapter. sion. Classroom teachers and oth­ to commemorate the historic They have chosen to share their ers are invited to send ideas for Santa Fe Trail. A calendar of the research on the Majors home as a teaching the Trail, including pro­ events reported to WT is included "ghost story," which is unique and jects, resources, and techniques. in this issue, and additional infor­ makes it rather df[flcult to verify their Olsen will be responsible for what mation received in time for the May sources, but they wul do sofor those is selected, and she will edit it, for edition (deadline April 20) will be interested.) publication. Submit suggestions added then. Evetyone is encour­ THE Alexander Majors Historical and articles to her at 1729 Eighth aged to participate in as many pro­ Home, located on 82nd near State St, Las Vegas NM 87701. grams as possible. LineRoad within Kansas City, Mis­ Teachers and librarians are also RENDEZVOUS 1996 souri, was recently the site of a reminded that, on request, Wagon "ghost capture." The authors of Tracks is sent free to school and LARNED, KS, MAY 3O-JUNE 1 public libraries along theTrail cor­ THE Army oftheWestandtheWar ridor. A numberofinstitutionsnow with Mexico, which began 150 receive complimentary copies, and years ago in 1846, will be the focus those notenrolled are invited to get ofthe biennial Santa Fe Trail Ren­ on the list. dezvous at Larned, May 30 to June The second feature isTrailpoetty I, 1996. The program is hosted by and songs. Sandra Doe, Denver, the Santa Fe Trail Center and Fort CO, recentlysubmittedsomeofher Larned National Historic Site and compositions for publication. Sev­ funded in part by the Kansas Hu­ eralofher poemswill appear, start­ manities Council. ing with this issue, in a regular Topics being explored for the column titled "Trail Troubadour­ seminar include Susan Magoffin's Traffic in Verse." trip down the Trail in 1846, Fort Following publication of her own Leavenworthand the MexicanWar, works (she is too modest to accept the Mormon Battalion, the march the obligation of overseer for her of the Army of the West, the fall of own creations), Doe has consented New Mexico in 1846, the New Mex­ to serve as assistant editor for this ico Revolt of 1847 and the Treason feature devoted to historicand cur­ Trial, and others. The tentative rent poetty and songs about the program includes speakers, a buf­ Trail. falo dinner at Fort Larned NHS, For more information or to sub­ field trips, a fashion show of the mit items for consideration, write Mexican War era, and a chuck to Professor Sandra Doe, Depart­ wagon lunch at the Santa Fe Trail ment of English, Campus Box 32, Center. Metropolitan State College ofDen­ Members of SFTA will receive a ver, PO Box 173362, Denver CO mailing in the springwith program 80217-3362. She will also solicit and registration information for contributions, evaluate all items, Rendezvous 1996. The SFTA gov­ Alexander and Katherine Majors are selectwhat appears in the column, erning board will also meet during burled In Union Cemetery In Kansas and prepare biographical informa­ the conference. Plan now to be at City, Missouri. tion about the authors. Larned, May 30 to June 1. (continued on page 8)

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PRESIDENT'S COLUMN formation. Andyours probably has anyembarrassmenttoyou and the been ringing too. This will be an readers of Wagon Tracks and also I am writing this column on a very exciting year all along the Trail! I to Mr. Colligan for this misunder­ cold, snowy day in Kansas City. By hope you will join in the many standing. I am forwarding copies of the time you read it, hopefully the actMties. my letters to Mr. Colligan request­ weather will be warmer and spring As usual I get regular encourage­ ing permission to edit and publish will be just around the corner. ment from many of the chapters the list. I can only say that I ear­ Since I last wrote this column, and their activities. The phone nestly believed that I had permis­ attention has been given to SFTA calls, letters, and chapter newslet­ sion. I would have never published business on a lot of fronts. And ters that I receive speak of high the names had I known otherwise. there is a lot yet to go. local interest in promoting and Again, my sincerest apologies to Mr. Colligan for this gross misun­ Saturday, March 2 will be an all­ preserving the Trail. This is what we are all about, and my sincere derstandingon my part. I hope this day directors meeting in Larned, has caused him and his forthcom- probably the fIrst one that has appreciation is extended to you for been held in mid-year. Much time your efforts all along the Trail. will be spent brainstorming and -Ross Marshall Headquarters ofthe Santa Fe Trail Asso­ formulating directions and strate­ ciation are located at the office ofSecre­ gies for SFTA for the coming years. SINCERE APOLOGIES TO tary-Treasurer Ruth Olson Peters, Santa JOHN B. COLLIGAN FeTrail Center, RR 3, Lamed KS67550; We need to increase member­ telephone (316) 285-2054, FAX (316) ship, and I am pleased Deanne JOHN B. Colligan, whose name 285-7491. Wright has agreed to chair the was unfortunately misspelled in membership committee. We need the article, "New Mexico Students to increase revenue dramatically Travel the Trail, 1832-1880," com­ WAGON TRACKS is the official publication and we will be looking at new reve­ of the Santa Fe Trail Association, a non-profit piled by him and edited by Mary organization incorporated under the laws of nue sources, someofwhich maybe Jean Cook (printed in the last is­ the State of Colorado. Letters and articles are suggested by the Revenue Task sue), has every right to be resent­ welcome, but they become the propertyofWf Force chaired by Joy Poole. We ful. Actually, the misspelling is, as and may be edited or abridged at the editor's need to increase our Trail preser­ discretion. All rights reserved. Inquiries can he wrote, "a very small part of my be directed to the appropriate address below. vation efforts, and I am pleased complaint." Phil Petersen has agreed to chair a Annual subscriptions are obtained through The flagrant offense, quite sim­ membership in the Association, whose dues new mapping committee. are fixed per calendar year. Checks should be ply, is that he had not authorized made payable to the Santa Fe Trail Associa­ The marking committee chaired publicationofthelist. Thismustbe tion and sent to the secretary-treasurer. by Bill Chalfant will be working on every researcher's and editor's Membership Categories new signing standards stemming worst nightmare. Mr. Colligan Benefactor 81,000 from our new marker policy. We compiled the list as part of the Patron 8100/year may also need to look at the way research for a book he is writing Institutional 825/year we are organized. Some changes and did not wish to have it re­ Family 820/year may be needed to meet the pur­ leased. In part, he wrote, "I wish a Indlv1dual SI5/year poses for which SFTA was correction to the spelling of my Editor: Leo E. Oliva, PO Box 31, Woodston, founded. The 2nd Century Task name be made in a subsequent KS 67675 (913) 994-6253 Force chaired by Mike Olsen will President: Ross Marshall, 6624 Craig Rd, issue of your publication, and a Merriam, KS 66202 (913) 262-6445 have some ideas here. statement that I in no way cooper­ Vice-President: Michael L. Olsen, 1729 8th As always, all of you are invited ated 'graciously' with Mrs. Cook to St, Las Vegas NM 87701 (505) 454-0383 make my private intellectual prop­ to be in attendance at this meeting Seaetary-Treasurer: Ruth Olson Peters, which will begin at 8:30 a.m. at the erty available to her for editing, Santa Fe Trail Center, RR 3, Lamed, KS Santa Fe Trail Center. To have additions, and publication. On the 67550 (316) 285-2054 someone from each chapter in at­ contrary, I resent the actions 1995 Symposium Coordinators: David tendance would be very encourag­ taken." Hutchison, HCR 1 Box 35, Boise City, OK ing. Also, mark your calender for 73933 (405)426-2457 It is clear that some letters writ­ Dan Sharp, HCR 1 Box 83, Boise City, OK the board meetingheld inconjunc­ ten by Cook and Colligan to each 73933 (405) 426-2710 tion with the Rendezvous at the other were never received by the Publklty Coordinator: Michael E. Pitel, Trail Center in late May. other, most likely due to interfer­ New MexicoDeptofTourism, PO Box 20003, A lot ofattention has been given ence ofa third partyresponsible for Santa Fe NM 87503 (505) 827-7400 to a greatly expanded committee Cook's mail. It is probable that a Directors: structure for SFTA. We have had copy ofthe article which Mrs. Cook William Y. Chalfant, Kansas only three standing committees. sent to Colligan for his examina­ Virginia Lee Fisher, Missouri Several new ones have been cre­ tion was, in fact, never mailed. Pauline Fowler, Missouri ated and more will follow soon. In Needless to say, Colligan, Cook, the next issue, I should be able to and your editor were humiliated by David Hutchison, Oklahoma include a full listing of committee the terrible misunderstanding. LeRoy LeDoux, New Mexico chairs and members. Mary Jean Cook responded: "I Pat O'Brien, Colorado The 175th anniversary is here! received the letter from John B. Phil Petersen, Colorado Harry Myers and his committee Colligan stating that he had not Joy Poole, At Large have been distributing informa­ given me permission to edit and Margaret Sears, New Mexico tion, the travel and tourism people publish the student names in the Dave Webb, At Large are in the midst ofthe media cam­ recent edition of Wagon Tracks. Deanne Wright, Kansas paigns, and my phone was been First, I apologize for the incorrect Tim Zwink, Oklahoma ringing with people asking for in- spelling of his name. I also regret

2 Wagon Tracks February 1996

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ing book no harm." Again, please accept my apology apologies are offered to the chap­ Portions of a letter from WT Edi­ for what we have done and also my ter, tbe Big Timbers Museum, tor Leo E. Oliva to John B. Colligan thanks for the good work you have owners of the Koen bam, and all follow: "Please accept my apology done." readers. Maybe the popular "three strikes and your out" rule should • for the distress caused you by Mr. Colligan responded as fol­ printing the article in Wagon lows: "I will appreciate your doing apply to editors as well as other Tracks without your permission what you indicate in your letter criminals. and for not spellingyour name cor­ you will do to partially correct this • rectly. I am mortified and truly embarrassing situation. My first TRAVEUNG SEMINARS sony, as I am sure Mary JeanCook inclination was to cease work on THE following tours will be con­ is, that this terrible misunder­ the St. Louis University student ducted by David and Alice Clap­ standing and failure of communi­ project, but after reading your let­ saddle dUring the spr~ of 1996. cation occurred. I assure you that ter I have decided to go full steam Interested parties shoufd contact neither she nor I had any intent to ahead and attempt to finish it in the Community Education Dept, misrepresent you; rather, we and the not too distant future. There­ Barton County Community Col­ the readers of Wagon Tracks were fore, I have a favor to ask. Could lege, Great Bend, KS 67530 (800) honored with the outstanding in­ you indicatethat I have been work­ 748-7594. The Clapsaddles are formation whichyou compiled and ing some time on this project, and veteran tour leaders and provide for which you were given credit. that the purpose is to see what outstanding seminars. Trail scholars are indebted to you effect, if any, the education in St. April 27-28, 1996: Council for the research. In fact, Santa Fe Louis had on the future prospects Grove, Rendezvous on the Trall. Trail Association Vice-President of the various students. I would At CouncilGrove, Santa Fe traders MichaelOlsen, ProfessorofHistory appreciate anyinput from relatives grouped to gain safety in numbers at New Mexico Highlands Univer­ or acquaintances of the various as they croSsed the plains to New sity in Las Vegas and a serious students sothat I can provide com­ Mexico. There repair shops and Trail scholar, sent me a note prais­ prehensive and accurate biogra­ general stores were established. ingyour significantcontribution. It phies of each one. Anyone with The town has many Trail-related documents the importance of the information, or equally important, historic sites, includingKaw Mis­ Trail for cultural exchange as well photographs from the proper time sion, Last Chance Store, Council as trade in commodities. periods, of the various students Oak, Hays House, and Seth Hays "I do not know how or why Mrs. would be deeply appreciated and Home. On the return trip other Cook believed you had granted acknowledged in my fmal work. If Trail sites will be visited, including permission to share the list of you would prOVide my correct trading ranches, river crossings, names and that you had not done name and address with a note of and pristine ruts. so. The breakdown ofcommunica­ this type, I will be very apprecia­ tive. In this way, after all is said May 11-12, 1996: The Bents tion is most regrettable. BelieVing, and Cheyennes, Tragedy and as she did, that you were willing to and done, some good may come from this misunderstanding." Travesty. This seminar looks at share this material, I wasdelighted the close relationship between the to publish it. Even though you re­ It is done as you request, with Bents and Cheyennes during a sent that this was done, and I be­ pleasure, the least we can do to tour to Bent's Old Fort National moan the fact that weviolated your assuage yourjustified indignation. Historic Site, Bent's New Fort, Old trust, it is information that should Anyone with information desired Fort Lyon, New Fort Lyon, Boggs­ be shared with students of the should write to John B. Colligan, ville, and the site oftheSand Creek Santa Fe Trail. The research is 2930 Fairway Dr, Las Cruces, NM Massacre (where four of William yours, but the historical informa­ 88011-4911. Bent's children witnessed the de­ tion is part of our heritage. I sin­ ERROR CORRECTED struction of Black Kettle·s village cerely hope you will continue with on November 29, 1864). All these your plans to write a book, for the IN the last issue (p. 26) a sentence places are on or near the Santa Fe detailed documentation will be an was unfortunately omitted in the Trail. invaluable contribution to Trail Bent's Fort Chapter report, result­ scholarship.. JUDe 7·9, 1996: Adobe Walls ing in a false statement. Mter not­ and Palo Duro Canyon. Adobe "I am not trying to justify what ing that the chapter tour began at Walls, a Texas monument second wasdone withoutyour permission, the B4! Timbers Museum at La­ only to the Alamo, was the sceneof but there is good reason for you to mar, CO, the missing sentence the 1874 engagement between a take pride in what you are doing stated, "From the museum the group of buffalo hunters from and to continue with it. Now that caravan traveled to the site of the Dodge City and a confederation of the damage has been done to you, Koen barn, west ofLamar." There­ warriors from southern plains and unfortunately it isnot possible after, the description that "This tribes. AdobeWalls isthe final rest­ to unpublish what has been beautifuland historic buildingwas ing place for Billy Dixon, buffalo printed, I ask how I can redress the built from the stones that were left hunter and army scout, one offlve wrong? In the next issue ofWagon behind after Fort Lyon was moved civilians to receive the Congres­ Tracks I will run a note of your from its flrst site," which refers to sional Medal of Honor (on display disclaimer ofpermission to use the the Koen Barn, read as a descrip­ at the Panhandle Plains Historical material, a correction of the spell­ tion of the Big Timbers Museum, Museum in nearby Canyon, TX). ing ofyour name, an apology from which is constructed of red brick. The tour will include Palo Duro Mrs. Cook, and an apology from The material submitted was cor­ Canyon, with a barbecue dinner myself as editor. If there is any­ rect, and the error was entirely the and presentation of"Texas," a mu­ thing more you would like to say in result of shoddy typing and proof­ sical drama performance in the print about it, please let me know. reading by your editor. Sincere natural amphitheater.

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TRAIL PART OF UTERACY acy Across America Participant" MOUNTAIN ROUTE TOUR ACROSS AMERICA TOUR certificate suitablc for framing. The tour anticipates beins! in the SEVERAL organizations have co­ ROGER Patton, SFTA member New Franklin area in mia-June. operated to offer an auto tourofthe and national director of Literacy From there it will move approxi­ Mountain Route of the Santa Fe Across America, will travel horse­ mately 15 miles per day along the Trailfrom Lamar, CO, to Cimarron, back along the Santa Fe Trail dur­ Trail. People along the route are NM, as part of the 175th anniver­ ing the summer of 1996 as part of encouraged to meet with Patton, sary commemoration. The tour, an awareness and fund-raising help spread the message of Liter­ July 25-30, 1996, will start in La­ tour. He explains his mission as acy Across America, solicit dona­ marand proceed toLasAnimas, La follows: tions for the project, and, if possi­ Junta, and Trinidad in Colorado, "If you are reading this article, ble, spend some time riding the and to Raton and Cimarron in New you are one ofthe fortunate people Trail. Mexico. who is literate. This is a problem For additional information and Arrangements havebeenmade to that many have heard about, but tentative rider confirmation, con­ tourTrailsitesalongtheway, some not everyone thinks about it. Ac­ tact Roger Patton, 947 Federal Ct, on private land, ana to have inter­ cording to a 1993 report by the Meadville, PA 16335 (814) 724­ pretive guides at the sites. The fol­ U.S. Census and Department of 6370. lowing public siteswill have special Education, 90 million Americans events: Bent's Old Fort NHS, Co­ have insufficient readingand math INTERPRETIVE TRAINING manche National Grassland, skills to function successfully in COURSE, MAY 13-17 Boggsville, and the Trinidad His­ our society. Half of welfare recipi­ tory Museum. There will also be ents do not have a high school ANYONE involved in or interested evening programs. diploma. In fact, 27% of our popu­ in providing interpretation of the Participants will be furnished lation has been identified as 'func­ Santa Fe Trail may enroll in a with maps and information so they tionally illiterate' which means trainin~ course, "Interpretinp; can do all or any part of the tpur. their reading skills approximate America s Historic Trails," offered A $10.00 registration fee will be those ofa third-fourth grader. One May 13-17, 1996, at the Colorado charged. ofthe first steps toward solving the HistoricalSociety, 1300Broadway, Denver, CO. The course is a joint Those who register early will re­ problem is tobringawareness to it. ceive a packet with site informa­ That's what this tour is all about:' effort ofthe Colorado HistoricalSo­ ciety and the National Park Serv­ tion, motel, camping, and restau­ Beginning in mid-April 1996Pat­ rant lists, and other generalinfor­ ton will embark upon a 2,500­ ice, with help from Bent's Old Fort Historical Association. mation. All participants will be re­ mile, 5-month literacy awareness sponsible for their meals, motel tour promoting family literacy and This course is an adaptation of reservations, and usual admission bringingattention to local commu­ earlier programsoffered atHarpers fees where charged. Some meals nity literacyorganizations that will Ferry, VA, in 1993, and at Salt will be available on the tour, but provide reading assistance and tu­ Lake City, UT, 1994. The emphasis there will be a charge. is on historical interpretation and toring to those who need it. The The tour is sponsored by Bent's tour on horseback will begin at the the relationship between historic preservation and interpretation. Fort and Corazon de los Caminos governor's mansion in Harrisburg, chapters of SFTA, Bent's Old Fort PA, follow the Santa Fe Trail from There are some funds available NHS, Comanche National Grass­ New Franklin to Santa Fe via the for scholarships to help with travel lands, and the Trinidad History Mountain Route, and end in Phoe­ expenses. A special room rate is Museum. For additional informa­ nix, AZ. available at a nearby . Those tion call Lolly Ming at (719) 523­ Funds raised through corporate interested should contact John 6968. Send reservation fee to her sponsorships, grants, sales ofpro­ Conoboy at (505) 988-6888. at 1841 Co Rd DD, Pritchett, CO motional items, donations, and 81064. other sources will be donated to BOOTH GRAVESTONES local and national literacy organi­ THE Wet/Dry Routes Chapter has TRAIL ON INTERNET zations for enhancementofliteracy erected grave stones for Lucy and THE Trail goes hi-tech. Nancy Ap­ . programsalready in place. Literacy Nathaniel Booth at the Larned Across America is working closely plegate and Mike Olsen of New cemetery. Lucy Booth was the wife Mexico Highlands Universty, Las with Rotary International and of Henry Booth, well-known mili­ other service clubs. The State of Vegas, have created a computer tary and political fIgure whose fIrst web page for the Trail. It can be PennsylVania has endorsed this connection with the Santa Fe Trail program. accessed through any online serv­ was in 1864. His company was ice, including America Online, Throughout the trip, horseback dispatched from Fort Riley follow­ Prodigy, and Compuserve, and the riders are invited to join the tour ing the July 17 incident, when address is: for a day, week, orwhatever. Riders Kiowas drove off 172 horses and will travel at their own risk and be mules from FortLarned. Boothwas http://vyne.nmhu.edu/sftrail responsible for their own provi­ later appointed post trader at Fort The address must be written ex­ sions. For the safety of all riders, Larned, where their second child, actly as above. The page includes no stud horses will be allowed. A Nathaniel, was born. Both graves a history ofthe Trail and has links minimum daily $5.00 donation to remained unmarked until the to the following: news of the Santa Literacy Across America from each chapter completed this project last Fe Trail, the Santa Fe Trail Asso­ rider is requested. For a minimum year. The chapter has done much ciation, the 175th anniversary, $10.00 daily donation, the rider to commemorate Henry Booth, as historic documents and research will receive a personalized "Liter- reported in earlier issues. tools, maps and photos.

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TRAIL TROUBADOUR Trail in modern conveyance. Some of The names carved in Pawnee Rock them are historical tales. But tales And the Shawnee Mission and the -TRAFFIC IN VERSE­ there are. Middle Spring I utilize realistic depiction and have And the Diamond Spring and the SANDRA Doe, who will serve as a passion for accuracy. These are p0­ ,• editor ofthis colwnn after her own Lost Springs \ ems ofwitness in which I hope to infuse poetry is published, is professor of And the Cottonwood Crossing and that romance and reality of the spirit the Plum Buttes English at Metropolitan State Col­ which is the Santa Fe Trail and which • lege ofDenver. She recently offered has drawn travelers for 175 years. And the Wagon Mound and the several of her Trail poems for pub­ • • • • • Round Mound lication, noting that "Ranchero And the forts - Riley and Leaven­ Wedding" (printed in this issue) "is Ranchero Wedding: A Waltz worth and Lyon - from the first symposium in Trini­ by Sandra M. Doe dad, when Marc Simmons spoke The Rabbit Ears Mountain and the on 'The Poetry of the Santa Fe Atthe Santa Fe Trail Symposium Char­ Point of Rocks Trail: I fell in love with the Trail lotte danced with a soldier And Boggsville and Stonewall and during his talk." Her second poem A fellow with brass buttons and sword the Raton Pass included here, "Pecos National flashing And the green Cave Spring and the Monument, New MeXico," she The waltz was a ranchero straw Cimarron grasslands writes, "is from the third sympo­ And all the songs were in at least two Wheat waves of grassland topping sium when we went out in the field languages and then our heads after the Santa Fe talks." There was body language and culture Because ofher work and interest language and dance-talk and tour­ Uke proportion times four wagons in Trail poetry, she accepted the ist-historian language abreast duties ofassistant editor for poetry About the Wagon Wheel bar being a Times the routes and the ruts and and song, historic and current. stage stop on the Trail the cutoffs Submissions for this column should be sent to Professor Sandra And we had a guided tour with flash­ So on we swirled, 'midst peach-colored Doe, Department of En~ish, Cam­ light to shine up the ancient beams cliffs and pus Box 32, Metropolitan State • •• Lavender evenfalls and campsites College ofDenver, PO Box 173362, And around us stood buckskin boys Crackling under the brilliance of the Denver CO 80217-3362. and a Black Bart with a black shirt million stars dancing opened down his chest and a black About her Trail poetry, Doe Following our waltz ... writes as follows: hat And Charlotte would not have it any And we all came to be lovers ... with Most of my Trail poems were written the Santa Fe Trail. on location. I've been swept up in Trail other way but to dance with the sol­ history and romance since the 1986 dier • •• • • inaugural symposium in Trinidad, CO. Who was groom to a lovely pale yellow Pecos National Monument. I like catching the flavor of both con­ buttercup bride New Mexico temporary and historical Trail lovers. I Complete with generous pancake by Sandra M. Doe thinktoday'sTrail is aTrail oftheimagi­ straw hat Just for a minute there nation, in that it is marked and one may And Charlotte could not contain herself follow it with such books as Marc Sim­ and pinned posies of five dollar bills We were a line of Pueblo mons's Following the Santa Fe Trail. on hiS epaulets Traveling single file However, when a traveler arrives at Led by a Parks Service Chief. various locations, she can't "see" the And offered cheers and charros and Trail; today's Trail is much different cokedale joys so that she could be­ Just for a minute there than the original Trail; thus the traveler come Charlotte ... Charlotte dreamed at the Santa Fe On New Mexico soil reads, studies, and retraces actual We descended the stream routes and ruts and cutoffs while at the Trail Symposium that she slipped same time she "travels" in her imagina­ back 150 years and was the wife of Flat-rocked and steep, tion. Ergo, when a person travels the a soldier on the Santa Fe Trail Crossed a creek Trail, she becomes a student of it And though she was not married to the Slashed through willows I've been so excited that I've worked burr-headed two stepping youth in Ascended a rise to the trail U.S. Army green, to write a video production in conjunc­ Ruts of the old ones, the ancient tion with FOF Productions ofWashing­ She waltzed as a captain's wife on the ton, D.C. Our first production has been Santa Fe Trail ... Traders heading toward Santa Fe. "Waiting and Working: Women of the And me? I took my turn with a ranger, Just for a minute there Santa Fe Trail Era." a proud surveyor of grassland and We found potsherds and flints Aside from the great Trail-loving hill, and his buckskins Stood in the field with Kidder. company of the SFTA, the excellent Slid soft against my cotton dance expanses of land and sky, and fasci­ dress, Under the Pecos sun we saw the shad­ nating history, I enjoy the Trail because The candle-light flickered between us ows it was an international Trail. Its charac­ As we lightly stepped forward ... Of ourselves traveling the distant ters are diverse and multicultural. paths. Stories await the telling. Some ofthe And around us spun the mural of the stories are contemporary, as you can painted way ... We saw the city on the hill imagine the incongruity of contempo­ The cross creek sandstone And there was blue lightning. rary Trail lovers retracing the ancient The Wagon Spring and Willow Bar Just for a minute. There.

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landmarks along the Trail. Materi­ display the tipis. Later in February FORT LEARNED als include photographs of the Charlie NOlton, western artist, -TEACHERS' TRADING POST- landmarks, descriptive and his­ sculptor, and historian, will talk torical information abouteachsite, about Indians and their relation­ PattiOlsen,Edltor and a map of the Trail showing ship to the bison (buffalo). '-~ AT the 1995 symposium I was ap­ landmark locations, and "Routes In March we will start traveling pointed chair of the SFTA educa­ toSantaFe" inDaveWebb'sAdven­ the Trail with stories, slides, pic­ tion committee. Since then I have lures with the Santa Fe TraU. tures, crafts, and other activities been pleased to discover the tre­ We begin by reading the article related to the Trail. Each student mendous interest everyone has in "Routes to Santa Fe," after which will keep a journal and folder of promoting the historyand heritage we review each of the landmarks their study. In late March, Steve of the Trail in schools and among listed, look at the photographs pro­ Germes, a local teacher, will pre­ teachers. This column seeks to vided, and discuss the importance sent a program, dressed as a provide a forum for an exchange of ofeach site to the Trail. I then read mountain man with all his gear. ideas. descriptions of the landmarks as InAprilwe will traveltotheSanta The following people have agreed they were during Trail days and as Fe Trail Center and Fort Larned. to serve on the committee: Kathy they are today. Diary and journal Another speaker, tobedetermined, Revett (Amarillo, TX), Karla French entries are helpful for this part. will also be scheduled this month. (Ulysses, KS), Anne Carter(Center­ The first written activity in class At the beginning of May Patricia view, MO), Connie Casteel is to take notes ofthe descriptions. Heath, director of the Kearny (Alamosa, CO), and MargaretSears The second is to look at the map. County Museum, will discuss (Santa Fe, NM). We have two imme­ Students take each landmark as if someofthewell-known peoplewho diate goals. The first is to increase they were traveling down the Trail traveled the Trail. The field trip for awareness of "teaching the Santa and write a journal entry describ­ the month will be to Bent's Old Fe Trail" by finding out from teach­ ing the site (they may do this activ­ Fort. ers in classroomsjustwhat theydo ity in pairs). The third activity is to with Trail materials. We plan to take a map of the Trail and match The ending activity will be a include the report of at least one the photographs with locations on poster contest in which each stu­ such teacher in this column in the map. This works well in small dent will draw a picture about a each issue of WT. In this initial groups. The final activity is to use Trail topic. The winners will receive column there are two: Janice Klein a map with most of the sites a stuffed toy buffalo. ofDodge City, KS, and LindaPeters marked but not identified, and the Throughout this project we hope of Lakin, KS. students fill in the name for each the students will gain an under­ We are also working to develop site. Other activities include draw­ standing of the significance of the guidelines for a teacher's award to ings of their own to match their Trail as a part of our history and be~venbytheSFTA. Memberswill journal entries or playing a quiz an appreciation of what life was be nearing more about both pro­ gameto matchthe description with like on the Trail. We want them to jectsincomingmonths, butI invite the location on the map or the become acquainted with signifi­ anyone who wants to discuss edu­ photograph. cantTrail sites near Deerfield, with cation and the Santa Fe Trail to • • •• • a military post, and with a private write to me at 1729 Eighth St, Las The second report is by Linda trading post. Vegas, NM 87701. Teachers and Peters, teacher of primary classes This project has received support others with teaching ideas should at the public school in Deerfield, from many people in the area. The send information for this column KS. She has incorporated the Trail schooldistrictwill sponsorthe field to the same address. into her classroom activities for trips and provide arts and crafts •• ••• several years and describes plans supplies. The Deerfield Recreation Thefirst report isbyJanice Klein, for the 175th anniversary. Commission is providing 175th anniversary commemorative SFT who teaches in an alternative Linda Peters schoolonthe grounds ofa residen­ T-shirts for the students. The Deerfield Elementary School The Deerfield Lions Club donated tial facility at Dodge City. She has primary teachers have designed a grades 6-12 in one room. Her stu­ $75 and the Sauvain family (one of special project, February to May the student's parents) donated dents have both a special educa­ 1996, for the 175th anniversary of tion and regular education back­ the opening of the Santa Fe Trail. $100. The school's migrant pro­ ground. She includes the Santa Fe This involves about 75 students gram is donating $60 toward Trail in a semester class on West­ (second and third grades)and their postercontest prizes. The students ern history, in which she covers teachers. are cleaning up trash in the city such topics as Indians, Dodge City park and swimming pool and ten­ history, western trails, and related The emphasis in February is In­ nis court area as a community subjects. dians. The first event will be a service for donations. Everyone is Plains Indian living-history dem­ collecting and selling aluminum Janice Klein onstration by Ken and Meg Weid­ cans to earn money, and City of The following sample activity is ner of Copeland, KS. They will set Deerfield, Kearny County Bank, called "Landmarks and Man up a tipi and show museum-qual­ and Kearny County Hospital are Marks." I hope my classroom pro­ ity items ofPlains Indian cultures. donating their cans. Parents and ject will create further interest and This event will be open to all ele­ teachers sold T-shirts to raise that other educators will respond. mentary students. money. We are working hard to I am always looking for ideas. FollOWing this each student will make all this happen, and we look The goalof"Landmarksand Man design a tipi, and each homeroom forward to an exciting journey on Marks" is to identify well-known group will put together a village to the Trail.

6 WagonTmcks February 1996

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol10/iss2/1 6 : Wagon Tracks. Volume 10, Issue 2 (February, 1996)

ANOTHERSCHOOLPROUECT LES VILDA AVAILABLE Albuquerque. They and their out­ standing bookstore will be missed by Karla French LESVilda, one ofthe colorfulSFTA by many satisfied customers who (Karla French, Ulysses, KS, is a ambassadors (he was a buffalo depended on them for these many charter member of the SFTA. an hunter in the movie Dances with years. Best wishes to Diana and \. officer of the Wagonbed Spring Wolves), offers a number of living­ Joe in their retirement. Chapter, and a member of the history programs which local or­ Riley and BettyParker, alsochar­ SFTA education committee. She ganizations may wish to utilize. He ter members of SFTA, who sold teaches at Hickok Elementary nas traveled the length ofthe Trail their Parker Books of the West in School in Ulysses.) twice, once on foot and once in a Santa Fe to Andre and Carol Du­ small wagon. mont (as reported in an earlier is­ ON May 10, 1996, three fifth­ His repertoire includes the fol­ sue) and are semiretired, nowwork gradeclasses from Hickok Elemen­ lowing: "A Modern Day Encounter a few days a week as consultants 1:aIy School in Ulysses, KS, will with the Santa Fe Trail," "Life on for Page One and Page Too inAlbu­ participate in the 11th annual field the Trail," "What Happened to the querque (purchasers of the Steins' trip to Cimarron National Grass­ River?" (Missouri River), "Uses of inventory). Page One deals in in­ landatElkhart, KS, where theywill Plants on the Prairie," "Mountain print books and Page Too is all culminate their studies of the Man Storytelling," "Ropemaking," antiquarian, in all price ranges. SantaFeTrailwith a trek alongthe and "Dr. Rabi's Medicine Show." historic route from Murphy Trail All programs are presented in pe­ POST OFFICE OAK Head to Middle Spring area for a riod-correct costume, lastapproxi­ "nooning." Students will ride in matelyone hour, and are suitable -LETTERSs-- wagons furnished by Oliver Toole for all age groups. of nearby Johnson. Editor: For more information, write Les I am honored to receive the SFTA Students will raise money to hire Vilda, Educational Expeditions, the wagons and teams. Some stu­ RR 2 Box 13, Wilber, NE 68465. Award of Merit. The plaque was dents andteachers bring their own Les is not free, but he is reason­ presented at a recent meeting of horses, and others will hike. Plans. able. He is always good. the End ofthe Trail Chapter. I was are to include a living-history dem­ in France at the time of the 1995 onstration. Anyone who would like AUDIO TOUR TAPES symposium, researching the re­ toobseIVe orjoin in should contact cently-discovered builder of the Karla French, PO Box 632, Ulys­ SFTA member Maggie Greenwood, spiral staircase in Santa Fe's Lor­ ses, KS 67880. This trip has been Angel Fire, NM, doing business as etto Chapel. a highlight for fifth graders each Down the Road in New Mexico, Mary Jean Cook year. produces self-gUided audio tour PO Box 2676 tapes with accompanying gUide Santa Fe NM 87504 JUUAA. HOLMES AVAILABLE booklets. These mile-by-mile Editor: travelogues are designed to play in RIDE into History, the project of your car as you travel. The tapes In reference to the letter from Joyce Thierer and Ann Birney, Ad­ include history, geology, folklore of Carrie Arnold about GaryLucyand mire, KS, has been producing liv­ the area, and music from local art­ his paintings (in last issue), I am ing-history performances 01 Ca­ ists, and theyare keyed tomilepost only familiar with his paintings by lamity Jane, Amelia Earhart, and markers. obseIVing his catalog. However, my variousother folks over the lastfive wife and I are looking forward to years. They have received support Greenwood now has three tours visiting his gallery in Washington, from the Kansas Humanities available: (1) Enchanted Circle of MO, this spring. Council. Their newest, colorful of­ northern New Mexico, featuring Taos, Angel Fire, Eagle Nest, and Another impressive artist doing fering is Julia Archibald Homes, waterways and steamboats, etc., is Red River; (2) Los Alamos to Ban­ who traveled the Santa Fe Trail on John Stobart. One of his works, foot in bloomer costume in 1858. delier Area; and (3) Santa Fe To Chimayo. She is currently working "Wayne City Landing, Start of the On the way Julia became the first on the Santa Fe Trail in New Mex­ Santa Fe Trail," hangs in the Na­ white woman to climb Pike's Peak. ico and is seeking stories suitable tional Frontier Trails Center at In­ She told storiesoflife onthe Tr~ for inclusion in this program. For dependence, MO. All SFTA mem­ leaving the last letters at Council more information, contact Maggie bers and others should see this Grove, receiving advice from the Greenwood, Down the Road in New painting, along with the outstand­ only other woman with the wagon Mexico, PO Box 981, Angel Fire, ing exhibits in the Trails Center. train, adopting an orphaned buf­ NM 87710 (505) 377- 6870. Clarence Stiver falo calf, fielding reactions to her 4391 E Farm Road 94 bloomer outfit, picking lice, in­ STEINS-SELL BOOK Springfield MO 65803 creasing her strength as a walker, BUSINESS AND RETIRE; Editor: and "learning to walk." PARKERS STILL ACTIVE In the May 1994 Wagon Tracks The Ride into History perform­ you listed the names of pioneers ance is a first-person narrative DIANA and Joe Stein, charter who traveled the Santa Fe Trail. In based on Julia Archibald Holmes's membersofSFTA, whooperated La this list you failed to include my letters, presented by Ann Birney. Galena de los Artesanos bookstore great-grandfather, James Josiah The program is available with or on the plaza in Las Vegas, NM, Webb, who between theyears 1844 without a horse. Call Ride into His­ from Christmas 1949 to Christmas and 1857 made 18 trips from St. tory at (316) 528-3580 for more 1995, have retired. They sold their Louis to Santa Fe. These trips were information or to schedule this large inventory of Western Ameri­ to carry merchandise for his store lively program. cana to Page One and Page Too in in Santa Fe.

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Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1996 7 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 10 [1996], Iss. 2, Art. 1

I congratulate you and all the KANSAS CITY GHOST STORY others who have brought the SITA into existence and wish you a long (continued from page 1) and happy life. this article, after checking and HemyWebb verifying the story the ghost told 443 Fairway La,ke them, believe the facts are correct. Port St Lucie FL 34986 Their unedited tape-recorded in­ 1understand thatyou may beper­ terview with the "ghost" follows: plexed that James Josiah Webb did Question: Would you tell us not appear in that list. However, who you are, please? thatwas a listpublished in the June Answer: I am Lucinda Dodson. 30, 1910, Las Vegas (New Mexico) g: Why were you in the Majors Optic. It made no pretense ofbeing home? comprehensive, and you will note that it was almost exclusively qf A: I was notin the Majors home. peoplefrom New Mexico (there ap­ I was inside the Dodson-Poteet­ pear to befew names ofthose who Johnston home. traveled the TraU prior to the CivU g: We don't understand. Why War). Thousands of Santa Fe TraU do you call it that instead of the travelers were not included in that Majors Home? list, some ofwhom are weU known A: Because that's how it should (such as your great-grandfather). really be known. I and my husband We simply printed the document to Drury built the middle section of add that information to what else is the east wing of this. house. The avaUable. In time, when the Santa Poteets added on the west wing Grave stone of Lucinda B. Pittman Dod­ Fe TraU database is completed, we and Miss LouisaJohnston saved it. son, who died September 24,1852, Cor­ hope that aU known TraU travelers Inth Cemetery on the south side of 83rd Q: We still don't understand. Street and east of Mission Road. wUI be listed. Because J. J. Webb is Will you tell us the true story. so weU known, and he wrote about his experiences, he wUl be in that A: Yes; I'd be delighted to tell never did remarry and just before dataflle. Everyone interested in the you. Once upon a time, a long time the War he moved to Texas. One of TraU should read his book, Adven­ ago, I and my husband Drury our girls never did marry and she's tures in the Santa Fe Trade, 1844­ homesteaded this beautiful prairie the one who took care of Will after 1847, again in print and avaUable and began to improve it and make I died. , plans for it, startingin 1846. At the from the SFTA Last Chance Store. Then Alexander Majors made all Also, wr would welcome articles time, we lived a couple of miles southeast of here, where Drury of the arrangements to buy the about Webb and other traders. place but had our kiild ofbad luck Editor had built and improved a small home and blacksmith shop on the with it. Katherine Majors died just Editor: main road near Indian Creek, but before Alexander bought it, so al­ Unless I change my mind, this it was easy to see that this land most as soon as he got the deed he will be my final payment ofdues to here would be a much better place gave itto hisdaughterRebeccaand SITA. I am find~very little infor­ to live and raise our three children. her husband Samuel Poteet and mationin the publicationthat stirs they're the ones who added on the We picked out this very spot for bigwest wing. They needed all that my interest. Itis apparent to me, at our new home and had the lumber least, that the ideas of the leader­ extra space since they were taking and sidin~ sawed down at his care oftheir five children as well as sWp do not coincide with what brother-in-lawAnthony Watt's mill most readers would prefer in a trail all the Majors children. They're and then brought up here to get also the ones who bought the land organization,' i.e., (1) preservation ready to build. Everybody all ofexisting trail ruts, (2) bettercom­ just west of here in Kansas so they around here-the Dyches, Fuquas, could have a bigfront yard and all. patibility with physical neighbors Hays, Watts and Boones-were all of the trail, (3) less self-glamoriza­ related to us and all ofus had been Then during the War and later it tion, in WT, by officers, and (4) helping each other out since when was Samuel who operated the more and new printing of actual we had all lived near each other freight business out of here. Alex­ records of happenings along the back in St. Charles County and ander never diddo hardly anytWng trail. Ofcourse I am only one voice even back in Kentucky. They all out of tWs house, since he really and perhaps alone in my thinking. came and helped raise one of the didn't live here and mostlybecause Homer C. Beck first frame houses in these parts all ofhis partnersWp business was 2530 Sennett and we moved in with our cWldren in Leavenworth and City WicWta KS 67211 and just loved it here. The new and St. Joseph and down on the 1appreciateyouropinionsandrec­ house and the better land wasjust levee in Kansas City. After Ws bip; ommend that you get involved with perfect for us. We bought some business went bust, he helped one of the SFTA chapters, where more slaves and more land and Samuel out down here a little and much oj the real work of SFTA is Drurymade more money from both then went out to Colorado, where being done, bEifore writing off the blacksmithing and farming, but he finally ended up staying. organization. 1 doubt there is much then I got sick and died and was Finally, Rebecca and Samuel got hopeJor WT, however, unless you buried just south of here. Drury pretty old and sold the place to can help the boardflnd a competent sold the land and our house to Lott their son and moved to California, editor. Coffman not long after that and where they both are buried. A few Editor moved back to our first place. He years later, Miss Louisa bought the

8 Wagon Tracks February 1996

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol10/iss2/1 8 : Wagon Tracks. Volume 10, Issue 2 (February, 1996)

CONVERSE OF THE PRAIRIES -BOOK NOTICES:s-- ,·• Anita Niles-Beattie. The Trail to T~ morrow. Huntington, WV: Univer­ • sity Editions, Inc., 1993. Pp. 71. Maps. Paper, $9.00. The premise behind this short novel for young readers is good. Tom is a teenage orphan working in his uncle's blacksmith shop in Franklin, Missouri. He is invitedby William Becknelltoaccompanythe

~ -~ ~,~- ...... 1822 expedition to Santa Fe, the

~ -, So_,' .. ',. ''''_~ ~,. • .. "" ~ ;i' .. - -~" " ..... ,.. ./ first time wagons are to be taken r----,'-.-'.- ~=T'*< - ~ -- -:; ;: ~""-\~~ ...... "'-~ on the Santa Fe Trail. Tom is The original two-8tory Dodson house--Us north wallis shown here was built about charged with minding and repair­ 1850. It had only one chlmney,the one on the far lett, which was also a part of the ing the three wagons on the jour­ house's exterior wall. Its west exterior wall was Just to the right of the door nearthe ney. middle otthe porch. Travel through eastern Kansas, including Council Grove and Dia­ mond "Springs" is especially well portrayed. Tom experiences typical Trail situations, includingencoun­ ters with rattlesnakes, buffalo, In­ dians, creek crossings, storms, and waterscrapes. Along the way he worries about his own meager tr~e goods, a keg of nails and some iron tools which Captain Becknell is transporting for him. Unfortunately, for a book aimed at students, there are many incon­ sistencies, errors, and anachro­ nisms. The author uses actual II __ __ Trailaccounts for background, but The large west wing, which nearly quadrupled the size of the Majors house, was since Becknellwentin 1822, devel­ built about 1856 by Rebecca Majors Poteet and her husband Samuel. opments depicted in later journals and diaries are not always perti­ place and over the years kept it up visit and tell each other stories nent. For example, since no one as bestshecould andfought offthe about the good old days. I sure had taken wagons across the Ar­ shopping center people. That's wish you could hear those stories. kansas before, Becknell's dire why I say she is really the one who I'll tell you what. Would you like to preditions ofhow difficult it will be saved the house so you all could meet the three ofus? seem odd. The meal the cook fixes see it like it is today, even though Q: Yes, we certainly would. one night.using fresh buffalo it's changed so much since when I Could we do that? "chips" must have been an inter­ esting one. used to live here. A: We could, but you'll have to let me go and then I'll promise to Details on New Mexico are par­ All three ofus and sometimes our ticularly inaccurate. In 1822 husbands and the children come bring everyone back, and the hus­ bands too. Is that a deal? Wagon Mound was uninhabited back together here when you are ancfit does not have a spring at its allgone and have a lot offun. I stay Q: Ok, that's a deal. When can base. Santa Clara Spring is two mostly in the old part, because we do all that? miles away. There also was no Las that'sthepartI knowbest, with the A: It'll take a while to make all Vegas, where the author has the same woOdwork and all. The west the arrangements with the sched­ Becknell party purchasing fresh Wing is Rebecca's favorite part, ules and all. We still lead busy provisions. And the Santa Fe plaza since that's what she and her hus­ lives, but we do get time off. Next as described is more that of 1846 band added on. Miss Louisa, who time, don't catch me, I'll catchyou, than 1822. never married, goes everywhere. so to speak. One final caveat concerns the It used to be a little bit hard for Q: Sounds good to us. In the author's attempt to write in the Drwy to come here because ofmy meantime, we'll figure outwhat we dialect of the day. Such writing is having died here, but he's used to want to ask all ofyou. best left to Mark Twain, or perhaps it now. We're all sort of glad the A: No, you all don't have to do more in context, to Lewis Garrard. place is closed so much, cause it that. Like I said, we'll tell you It is hard to sustain and diffIcult gives us a big time choice when we everything you need to know, and for young readers. can come and not be bothered and then some. -Mike Olsen

February 1996 Wagon Tracks 9

Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1996 9 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 10 [1996], Iss. 2, Art. 1

THE DEATH OF ED MILLER ON THE SANTA FE TRAIL

Artfclesfrom the Marion County Reconl, Marlon. KS. 1911-1912

~, ED MUler. about 18 years of age, Creek ranch saw a lone horseman coming stood and had often seen the grave in the r was killed by Indians near the Trail rapidly along the trail from the east. Just a now thirty years gone. French Frank was in 1864 (mistakenly given as 1865 short time before they had seen a party of Frank LaLodge [LaLoge] who lived east of in some of the following informa­ about twenty Cheyenne Indians killing a Florencefor manyyears afterwards andthe tion). and his grave and stone cow neartheTrail and only a mileor soeast AI Sichet spoken of is Mr. A. Sichet, now marker are located two miles east of the ranch. Suspecting that the Indians and for many years a resident of Florence. of Canton, KS, in McPherson were hostile and that the approaching Lank Moore was the founder of Marion. Ed County. Miller was a resident of horseman was some one of their friends Miller's father was the first hotel keeper in adjacent Marion County. they hastened to the top oftheir house and Marion. All the other men mentioned are Dr. Gil Michel, Newton. KS, vice­ through a field glass got an unobstructed well-known early settlers of the county. president of the Cottonwood view for several miles east along the Trail. Ed Miller's grave is two miles east of Crossing Chapter. submitted the The Miller boy, for it proved later to have Canton, just inside of McPherson county. It following newspaper clippings been he, was coming rapidly along theTrail is on the s. w. quarter ofsection 24, twp. 21 , aboutthisincidentfrom theMarion and did not seem to scent any danger until range 1 west. It is on land owned by Mr. M. County Record. with exact publica­ he was about two hundred yards from the M. Jones and is about three hundred feet tion dates unknown but written in Indians. There had been up to that time no south of the Santa Fe railroad track. It can late 1911 and early 1912. The ar­ hostile demonstration on the part of the be plainly seen from the car window. Indians. Suddenly they began to gather up ticles are reprinted here as written An Old Settler. their weapons and to mount their horses. with clarifying notes inserted in P.S. Henry Roberts, mentioned in this brackets. There is a bonus in one The lone horseman halted and for a mo­ ment, seemed to hesitate and then he article, has purchased a beautiful black article which includes information granite tombstoneto be placed atthe grave about the wagon train besieged by wheeled his horse and started down the trail to the east with the Indians in full pur­ of Ed Miller, giving his age, date of death Indians at Cow Creek in the sum­ and by whom killed. mer of 1864. Special thanks to Dr. suit. As nearly as the watchers at the ranch Michel for making this material could tell he was holding his own in the race THAT MILLER STORY available. with the Indians when all disappeared in a Another Pioneer Writes Interesting ac­ cloud of dust. Two days later the Water­ count of Ed Miller and Indians. How Ed Miller Died mans became so uneasybecausethey had In July, 1865, [Atlantic A.] Lank Moore, heard nothing from their daughter, Mrs. The Record is pleased to publish here owner of Moore's ranch [at Cottonwood Moore, who they knew was sick, that they another chapter in the interesting story of Crossing] on the Santa Fe trail, was in decided to come to Marion. When they the killing of Ed Miller by the Indians. Sev­ Marion with his family for a brief stay. While reached Marion the first question that was eral of the pioneers have fumished their here they were living in the house now asked them was, "where is Ed Miller?" They versions of the event and the incidents occupied by Mr. Westem Martin just south had seen nothing of young Miller but told connected with it and altogether these ac­ of Central Park. Mrs. Moore's health was the story of the lone horseman and the counts furnish not only an interesting story very poor and she was anxious to have her heart-broken parents needed no further but put into form for preservation much mothercome andsee her. Hermother, Mrs. proof that their son had been killed by the valuable historical date relative to the early Waterman, was living three miles south of Indians. settlement of the county. Mr. R. C. Coble for many years one of the county's most the present town of Galva, in McPherson On the following day Henry Roberts, county, Mr. Waterman being the proprietor prominent citizens and who is remembered Jack Griffith, Roddy Coble and Evan Hoops in high esteem by a great number of old ofthe big Turkey Creek ranch on the Santa started in search of the body of Ed Miller. Fe trail at that place. There was a man by friends here writes to his old friend A. E. They went northwest to the Santa Fe Trail Case conceming the Miller incident and the name of Miller who lived on Mud Creek and then followed the Trail to French about two hundred feet from the present also gives other facts conceming those Frank's ranch where they secured further early times. We publish here the part of his residence of W. H. Carpenter and Mr. information. They followed the Trail west Moore went to see him to ask if he would story conceming Ed Miller and will likely and when about four mileswest they found publish at an early datethe remainder ofhis not send one of his boys to the Turkey the mutilated body of Ed Miller. Henry Creek ranch to bring Mrs. Moore's mother most interesting letter. Mr. Coble was one Roberts was sent back to the Franks ranch of the party who went in search of young to Marion.. Mr. Miller sent on the errand his to get tools and when he retumed a grave son Ed who was a boy about eighteen Miller and in the account which follows he was dug on a beautiful little mound nearthe modestly refers to himself as "another years of age. The young man left his home Trail and the body laid tenderly away. Ed and went to French Frank's ranch [oper­ man,"-4his for the benefit of some who Miller was the only white man killed by might not know the identity of the "other ated by Frank LaLoge at Cottonwood Hole Indians in the settlement of Marion county. approximately six miles southwest of Cot­ man." Special attention Is called to Mr. tonwood Crossing] on the Santa Fe trail Last Friday, Dec. 8, 1911, more than Coble's suggestion conceming an appro­ where he ate his breakfast and then left forty-six years later, Henry Roberts, Taylor priate recognition of the memory of this there at about eight o'clock in the morning Riddle, H. P. Paddock and Lewis E. Riggs young man whose life was given as part of for theTurkey Creek ranch whichwasdown went west along the old Santa Fe Trail to the "Price of the Prairie." The account fol­ the trail about ten miles southwest. AI Si­ endeavor to locate the grave. It was found lows: chet, a young man who was working for without much trouble and now some suit­ You know that I have, for a long time, French Frank on the ranch accompanied able marker will be placed there. It must be advocated it to be a duty residing upon the young Miller for about three miles and was done. citizens ofMarion, to erect a suitable monu­ the last white man who saw him alive. In explanation it may be said that Taylor ment in Central Park, or some other con­ About half an hour after Miller and Sichet Riddle took as a timber claim the quarter spicuous place, to the memory of Edward parted company the Watermans at Turkey upon which French Frank's ranch had Miller.

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https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol10/iss2/1 10 : Wagon Tracks. Volume 10, Issue 2 (February, 1996)

When I review the tragic death ofEdward ranchers on the Santa Fetrail reaching the Moore's horse for about 16 miles southwest Miller nothing appears upon my field of west line of the state. There was no of the Frenchman's ranch, reaching the vision throughout the entire horizon Florence, Peabody, Newton, Wichita or brow of the hill, descending down to the around, but a lad of tender years undergo­ anything before Marion in the way of a ranch at Big Turkey, where Mr. Waterman • ing a series of tortures underthe lancet and settlement. There was no town of Marion; lived. On turning the brow ofthe hill he was spear, of a group of savages piercing his only a post office where we got our weekly confronted by a band of Kiowas and Co­ ankles and his heels, which scientists tell mails. All that vast region of country lying manche, or Cheyenne Indian warriors who us is the most sensitive part of the body, west of Marion and Butler counties to the opened fire upon him, upon which he , and I seem to hear him beg for mercywhere west line ofthe state, with the exception of turned back and fled. The people at the no mercy was given. It is this that makes a few ranches or stage stations on the ranch heard the report of the Indian guns me weep to tell the story. It is this that Santa Fe Trail, was one vast prairie, which and got a glimpse of a lone horseman transforms him from the herding boy into a had seemingly slept from creation, undis­ turning and fleeing before them. From the character in the performance of a tragedy, turbed by the profanation of labor. Undis­ roof of the ranch they could see the cloud in which for all utter disregard of the pleas turbed, excepting at times the stealthy of dust upon the Santa Fe trail for a consid­ for mercy, and for the infliction of cruel tramp of the savage that gave back erable distance, but the boy and the sav­ torture, it is seldom equalled, and not often scarcely a muffled echo on the breeze, and ages soon passed thevanishing point upon surpassed in the annals of human suffer­ the clatter of the war horses and the yell of the perspective plain, and went out of view. ing. To the boy, Edward Miller, Marion the savage in war. When one was out 15 or The race continued up the Santa Fe trail to could have no more interest than she could 20 miles alone on these prairies he was the northeast, for about 12 miles, to a point, have in any other boy, but in Edward Miller, confronted with a horrid stillness that made I suppose, to be about a quarter of a mile as a character, and his awful suffering, him feel almost that he was on enchanted west of the old Cottonwood holes, about Marion has a legacy which would be inter­ ground. four mile west of the Frenchman's ranch, esting to generations yet unborn. It would where it is said that Fremont had a battle be an honor to Marion to perpetuate the In July, about the year 1865, Atlantic A. with Indians and buried a small gun in the remembrance of Edward Miller, and this Moore resided on the place known after­ stream at that point. There the savages honor belongs to Marlon in a peculiar wards as the Aunt Katy Brumbaugh place, tortured, killed and scalped Edward Miller. sense, and to her alone. It would be an near where TaylorRiddle now lives. Nelson After killing Edward Miller the Indians went exhibition of refined settlement if a monu­ Miller lived a short distance east of the eastward along the Santa Fe trail to the ment could be erected in Central Park mineral wells, and George Griffith lived Frenchman's ranch. There they found a showing the race between the lad and a south of Central Park, on the south bank of man resting, or sleeping in the shade of his group ofsavages; also the lad in a pleading the Muddy, and Eli Waterman lived on a wagon. They killed and scalped him. They attitude for mercy, while a group ofsavages ranch out on Big Turkey, now in McPherson continued to go eastward to the head of were lancing and torturing his ankles and county. The wife of Mr. Moore was taken MUddy Creek, taking all the horses and heels. Mrs. Lenore Cook has the ability to very sick and they decided to send for her mules which they found upon the way, and put out a scene upon a landscape that mother, Mrs. Waterman, who was not only returned westward. After they had passed would be exceedingly interesting. I honor an estimable lady, but was one of the best Moore's ranch, going back, Mr. C. O. FUller, Henry Roberts for what he has done and nurses in sickness known to the settlers. who lived there, sent word to Marion that Taylor Riddle, Lewis Riggs and Mrs. Pad­ Mr. Moore first went to Mr. George Griffith the Indians were in the country and had dock and also the solicitude you have to get him to go for her, but owing to an raided the U.S. stage line. On the second shown in this matter. Now, let Marion, in­ affection of the heart, and not being accus­ day after young Miller left Marion, hefailed stead of burning up a lot of means in fire tomed to riding on horseback, it was to return as expected. The third day passed crackers, devote one 4th of July and her thought that he might not be able to stand and still he did not return. On the fourth day means to the erection of a suitable memo­ the ride. Mr. Moore then went after Mr. a company went out to look for him, con­ rial to the memory of Edward Miller, who Miller, whose son Edward, a youth of 16 or sisting of Jack Griffith, Henry Roberts, died in the performance of a glorious mis­ 17 years, had been accustomed to herding Evan Hoops and another man. They went sion, and his remembrance will not perish cattle and was a good and fearless rider. It from Marion to the Frenchman's ranch. from the face of the earth. For he was a was known the Kiowa, Comanche and There they learned that on the day that character representing what at that time, Cheyenne Indians were on the war path, Edward Miller passed there, the Indians could have easily befallen all ofthe inhabi­ but when young Miller started out we had had raided the ranch, taking the stock and tants ofnot only Marion, but Marion county, no knowledge of their exact location. All killing the man sleeping under his wagon. scattered, as they were, along the creeks, knew that it was possible for them to run A man from Louisiana was at the ranch, a distances apart. into a band of warriors at any time, and ruddy, stout, resolute looking fellow. He were on the look out for them, and were volunteered to go out with the crowd on the In order that there may be a clear under­ ready for either a fight or a run. All went search, making five persons in the crowd. standing ofthe situation ofthe early inhabi­ armed, butthe security of the inhabitants of They moved southwest along the Santa Fe tants of Marion county in those early days,l Marion was not in her arms and weapons trail. J. S. Griffith, Henry Roberts and the herewith give a list of all the settlers at that of warfare, but was in the overshadowing man from Louisiana were riding together, time: Wm. Everett, Gao. Griffith, W. P. care of God's providence, under Whose and Evan Hoops and the other man were Shreeve, Henry Roberts, W. H. Billings, watchful eye no sparrow can fall without His riding a little ahead. On ascending the hill, Atlantic A. Moore, Ruben Riggs, John notice. Mr. Moore was fully conscious ofthe or rise, a short distance westward from the Snow, Herman Deal, J. H. Costello, Tho­ gravity of the situation in sending young Cottonwood holes, Mr. Hoops having a mas Wise, G. C. and R. C. Coble, Mrs. Miller out. He provided him with his fast sharp sense of smell, detected something Murray, Mr. Houck, Evan Hoops, Jack Grif­ horse, and instructed the boy to go to the unusual in the air, but did not speak of it fith, Thomas Wise Jr., James Norris, Bar­ Frenchman's ranch and exchange for the until they had passed nearly ten or twelve silla Gibson, Wm. Carter, Charles Fuller, Frenchman's fast horse. On reaching the rods beyond the point. He then asked his Frank Lalodge, Eli Waterman and Silas Frenchman ranch the boy found that Frank fellow if he had detected anything peculiar Locklin and Dr. Roberts. Johnny Madden had gone to Council Grove, taking his fast in the air, back there. On being told that he Sr., came in soon after, which at that time horse along with him. This we learned from had not, they decided to wait until the rest embraced all the inhabitants of Marion and French Peter. Being unable to make the came up. None of them had noticed any­ McPherson counties. There were a few exchange he proceeded on his way with thing, but all agreed to return to the place,

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and make search. Upon their retum they run the gauntlet, but all declined to do so. all out grazing and not an Indian was to be noticed the body lying about· three rods He then determined to try it himself. So found anywhere. When this man left the south of the Santa Fe trail, with one or two when night drew on he gave his horse some Marion boys they had the grave dug about handfuls of weeds broken off and thrown water from the last keg, and a light feed, two feet deep. They continued digging until upon it. It borethe marks of the most excru­ and about nine o'clock at night he gave the they got down between 21.t2 and 3 feet -j,I ciating torture. Numerous marks ofthe lan­ horse a little more water and feed; at about deep, when they proceeded to bury his cet or spear, were found around his heels three o'clock in the moming he saddled his body. and ankles. He had been pierced a little horse, and threw the bridle reins over the The second day after the burial of Ed­ • above the pit of the stomach, which was, in hom of the saddle, and took a number of ward Miller, Mr. Waterman reached Marion all probability, the death stroke, reaching platted lariats, and his weapons, and fas­ and we learned that the lad had reached the heart. He was scalped clean, with the tened a lariat to the bit of the bridle, and nearly the end of his joumey as he was exception of a spot of hair about the size of instructed his men that when he made pUll thought to be the lone horseman seen upon a quarter of a dollar in front of one of his on the lariat for them to tum his horse out the brow of the hill. Edward Miller fell into ears. Upon the discovery of the body, of the corall. So he crawled out over the the hands of those savages horrified, but Henry Roberts went back to the French­ short buffalo grass, pulling himselfalong by unhurt, and underwent a series oftorture to man's ranch and brought out a shovel or the grass; tying lariat to lariat, thus length­ meet the insatiable delight of the savages, spade, and pick, and they proceeded to dig ening his cord as needed. He passed be­ which is seldom equalled and never greatly a grave on the top ofthe hill, five or six rods tween two Indian sentinels about a rod on surpassed in the annals of human suffer­ north of the Santa Fe trail. Henry Roberts, each side of him. They seemed to be ings. It is this that makes me weep, and Jack Griffith and the Louisianian worked asleep when he passed them. A short dis­ places me under obligation to make an digging the grave. Hoops and the other tance behind the Indian guards there was apology for my weakness to all to whom I man held the horses and kept watch ofthe a shallow ravine, deep enough for him to be tell the story. I can truthfully say, that, while trail. out of view. There he was in a position I have passed through several alarms from where he could shoot the Indian guards if IN THE EARLY DAYS Indians, I have never experienced that they should stop his horse. He accordingly The following is a continuation of the sense of fear and horror that seems to determined to bring matters to a crisis, and effect some others; but I have never been story ofEd Miller, printed lastweekfrom the gave a good pUll upon the lariat, and saw pen of R. C. Coble, and also contains other ableto tell the story ofEdward Millerwithout his horse leave the corall. He then began being deeply affected, and yet I do not interesting facts concerning early times in to pUll in the lines. When the horse ap­ the county. There will likely be a final install­ remember of ever seeing him alive more proached the Indian guards they stretched than two or three times. ment of the reminiscences by Mr. Coble up and grunted but settled right back again next week. into ascending stupor, and he continued to Further Testimony From Old Timers While the grave of Ed Miller was digging pUll in his horse. When his horse reached Concerning the Death of Ed Miller Mr. Hoops noticed a spindle of dust rising him he had his knife in hand ready to cut Several weeks ago the Record printed.a upon the Santa Fe trail, west of them, and the rope. He cut the rope and mounted, story of the killing of Ed Miller, the only behind it a heavier volume of dust moving hoping to get off without notice. In this he Marion county man who was killed by the failed. . along very rapidly. He called attention to it, Indians during the settlement of the county. and a consultation was held upon which it The guards fired upon him. To use that Inthe mainthe old-timers agree onthefacts was decided that they should stand their fellow's expression for it, he said that after of the incident but in some particulars they ground until danger came in view. So the the guards had fired it seemed to him that disagree. One thing that has been the sub­ watch was continued while they dug away all the devils in hell were tumed loose, and ject of a little contention is the question of at the grave. They had not long to wait the race began. His horse could run away the year when he was killed. Some said it before they discovered a lone horseman from the war horses, but he had endeav­ was 1864 and some said it was 1865. Ac­ coming upon the road, under full tilt, swing­ ored to spare his horse as much as possi­ cording to the way it looks now, the '65 ing in his right hand a heavy Colts, Navy or ble, and after running away from them he fellows will have to surrender. Henry Army pistol. Almost every jump the horse would let up a little, and allow the warriors Roberts has a letter from Judge Frank made the[y] could see him swing that arm to come within range of Spencer carbine, Doster, and we quote from his letter as nearly as high as his shoulders and then and would exchange shots to check them follows: down again, up and down as his horse ran. up, until they got too close, then he ran "He was killed in 1864. You may remem­ He came within about a quarter of a mile of away from them again. He was riding a ber that in 1865 I was a boy soldier of the the Marion boys. There he made what chestnut sorrel horse, looked to be very 11 th Indiana Cavalry, which was stationed seemed to be a square angle to the south, fleet. He was armed with a Spencer carbine at various points on the old Santa Fe trail and went about a quarter of a mile. Hethen and heavy Colt's revolver. He said that during the summer of that year. My com­ made a square angle eastward, and when before leaving Kansas City he purchased pany was quartered at Cottonwood Cross­ he came directly under the sun he recog­ his horse to meet just such an emergency ing or Moore's ranch. Several times we nized the grave diggers as white men, and asthis, and told what paid, but I disremem­ were down at the little settlement ofMarion rode upto where they were at work. Hetold ber. Hewas on his way to Council Grove to , and when there were told of the killing of Ed them that he was a wagon master in charge get troops to go out and release his train. by the Indians the year before. I very well of a train of about 100 wagons, which was He feared that the Indians would come in remember that Ed's mother-old "Aunt coralled on Cow Creek and were sur­ on the north side of the range of hills where Jane"-told the story of Ed's death person­ rounded by about 2,000 or 3,000 Indians Edward Miller was buried and would yet try ally to me and a boy of my company named Kiowas and Comanches. The corall w~ to cut him off. He said the last he saw ofthe John Wells. If a monument is erected to made by running wagons behind each Indians was five or six miles back and mark the spot of Ed's death, see that the other in a circle; and their stock had been advised the Marion boys not to remain inscription readsthat hiskilling was in 1864, enclosed within for two or three days,and there longer than they could help. He then not 1865. I think you yourself will recall that were not only starving for food but were went on his way riding at a good speed. We during the sum mer of 1865 there [were] no famishing forwater. Hesaid theirwater was leamed afterwards that a troop of cavalry Indian depredations in your part of the all exhausted but one ten gallon keg and he passed Moore's ranch about day break the state, if in any part of it' had given strict orders not to use that. He next morning on their way to Cow Creek, had tried to get some of his picket men to but when they reached therethe stock were And now Alex. Case has a letter from A.

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A. Moore-Lank Moore-who lives in Ari­ the 23rd of July, 1864. This is taken from uncles provided a direct link to the zona, which corroborates JUdge Doster in an old diary of mine of 1864 and Vet Wa­ lives and characters of the Santa the matter. Mr. Moore's letter follows: terman is still living and an old Arizona 'Fe Trail era and the early settlers miner and here to testify." of the region. Members also en­ I ·On Wednesday, July 6th, 1864, I took In another letter to Mr. Case, Mr. Moore joyed the collection old photo­ " my wife and baby Ira in a buggy and drove also puts the facts on straight as to the graphs Lee displayed. The Russells from Marion over the same road that Ed place he was living at the time. He did live havejoined the chapter and SFTA. , Miller went to 'Running Turkey' ranch, 35 on the place just south of Central Park­ Sc~tBurganisputtingtogether miles, to visit Mr. Watermans, my wife's where Mr. Western Martin now lives, but a committee to work on the bro­ parents. On the 9th I came home over the that was a little while after the Indian raid chure, and anyone interested in same road, on the 10th at home, on the and the killing of Miller. Here is what he helping is asked to contact him at 11 th at home, and the 12th at home; on the says about that: 355-7763. Historian Beverly Lyle 13th received an order to draft two men ·When Ed Millerwas killed I was living on requests that a copy of any litera­ from my company, I being the Captain of the farm I had boughtfrom E. P. Waterman, ture, publications, or articles you the company of Militia of Marion county. On afterwards known as the Brumbaugh farm, may have or find be given to her to the 14th drafted two men,-Chyron Riggs 1/2 mile north of Main street. I had rented be kept in the chapter archives. and Edward Deal were the men drafted. On Moore's ranch to Chas. Fuller and gone The Lyles have been doing a Trail the 15th took the two soldiers to Council down and bought that place and Water­ display at the Central Library each Grove and delivered them to the govern­ mans had moved out to 'Running Turkey' March and are looking for photos, ment, 16th at Council Grove, 17th came ranch and were running a mail station." maps, or anything suitable for dis­ home, found my wife sick. On 18th went play. Contact her a 353-2559. from home to Cottonwood Falls and re­ Further and strong evidence in support of the 1864 date is also received in a letter On February 4, Keith Latham, turned, 19th at home, on the 20th I sent Ed chapter member who is also a part Miller to 'Running Turkey' ranch for Mr. to H. P. Paddock from Charles Atkinson. Atkinson was working at the Moore ranch of a reenactment military detach­ Waterman's people, on a fast horse. ment, will discuss the life and Started him very early in the morning and at the time. He says that he first met Ed Miller in 1862 and that he was with him times of the military man during as we had been over the road twice in the the Trail years, at the Amarillo 2 weeks previous we had nothought ofany much of the time from then until his death. He says that his brother was in the 9th Central Library (meeting room B), Indian trouble. On 21st at home, wife sick, 2:30-4:30 p.m. no news from Watermans or Ed. On 22nd Kansas regiment in Arkansas and that he courier came telling usto move out, Indians came home in 1865, and he has reason to Wagonbed Spring coming, and we supposingthat Watermans remember that when his brother came President Ed Lewis and Ed were killed I at once gave the alarm home was about ten months after Miller 602 E San Jacinto and hitched 4 horses to a wagon, filled the was killed. Atkinson joined the searching Ulysses, KS 67880 wagon box with hay and carried my wife party when they reached Moore's ranch (316) 356-2141 out, put her in the wagon and started for and was with them when the body was Harry Myers, superintendent of Cottonwood Falls, with the rest ofthe fami­ found. He is now running a hotel at Burdick, Fort Union National Monument lies of the settlement. When about a mile Kansas. and chairman of the 175th anni­ out a messenger came and told us that These stories of the early days are very versary committee, was guest Watermans were safe and had come. Then interesting and the Record would be glad speaker at the January 11 meeting we all turned back and when we got back to have any of the early settlers write con­ at Ulysses, KS. He talked about found that Ed was not with them and hadn't cerning them. And every effort will be made "Folklore on the Trail." been seen. I at once sent a number of men to have the facts accurately given. Where Ed Lewis presided at the busi­ from my company in charge of Ueutenant one person's memory may be poor an­ ness meeting, and read notes left Jack Griffith to find Ed, and when they got other's may be good. by visitors at the site, commenting to Moore's ranch they met Vet Waterman on Wagonbed Spring. He also pre­ on his way to my place. He had just come CAMP TALES sented the 1996 agenda for guided from 'Running Turkey' 20 miles west of tours to the site in celebration of there where he was the morning ofthe raid, -CHAPTER REPORTS­ the 175th anniversary. and after their explaining to him their mis­ Cimarron Cutoff The first tourwill beFebruary 10, sion he told them that the morning of the weather permitting. On April 20­ raid, after the Indians had got all the mail President Helen C. Brown POBox 1400 21 a tour of the spring and the stock and all of Waterman's, making 23 Elkhart, KS 67950 Jedediah Smith monument will head in all, they drove them about a mile (316) 697-4597 take place. May 18 is the date of and he climbed on top of the house, boy the guided wildflower tour. like, to see what they were doing. He saw No report; meeting is February a mounted man about 3 miles down the 24. Ulysses Postmaster Rene Garcia Texas Panhandle spoke on a pictorial or a historical road coming towards the ranch, at the cancellation on envelopes in honor same time 4 or 5 Indians start to meet him, President Kathy Revett of the 175th anniversary. and when they met he saw the smoke from 3505 Cinderella Steve Hayward exhibited a •• a gun and they all took right back down the Amarillo, TX 79121-1607 road the way the lone rider had come and (806) 358-7320 carsonite marker that could be went out of sight. So then they concluded On November 5, O. L. (Lee) ~us­ used with the NPS logo to mark the that was Ed and started search and part sell and his wife, Natalie, remi­ Trail in Grant and Stevens way between Moore's ranch and Running nisced about his grandmother, counties. These markers are used TUrkey, on the south side of the road they Marion SloanRussell, attheAmar­ along highways near bridges with found the body with the scalp gone fNery illo Central Library. His recollec­ a yellow rectangle at the top where hair taken from his head-one bullet hole tions ofhis early life with his family a NPS logo would be placed. The in his head and his body full of holes from in the Stonewall Valley of Colo­ members present agreed on that a lance, and they buried the body there on rado, his grandmother, aunts, and (continued on page 24)

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CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES for the 175th ANNIVERSARY ofthe SANTA FE TRAIL CompUed by Harry C. Myers, Santa Fe Trail Association and National Park Service 175th Coordinator :t (505)425-8025,Fax(505) 454-1155 I

Please call the listed numbers to confirm dates, times, FeTrailCenter, Larned,KS, Be FortLarnedNBS: The 150th • activities, and the latest information on each event. The anniversary of the March of the Army of the West will be 175th anniversary celebration will continue through the celebrated and examined at this biennial meeting. (316) September 1997 symposium. 285-2054. 1996 June-August -TheIndianTrade, Koshare IndianMuseum, February 10 - Ulysses (Grant County), KS, Wagonbed La Junta, CO: A special exhibit of actual articles traded at Spring Chapter: Guided tour of the Santa Fe Trail starting Bent's Fort and other items of the Indian trade in the early 1:00 pm at the Civic Center. Annual Coin and Gun Show & 18oos. Indian dance performances also take place every Juried Art Show at the Civic Center. Contact Grant County Friday and Saturday evening throughout the summer. (800) Chamber of Commerce, 115 W Grant, Ulysses, KS 67880 693-5482. (316) 356-4700. June 3 - Kansas State Historical Society, Santa Fe Trail (KSHS, SFT) Program Series, Prairie Village, KS: From the March30- Las Cruces, NM, SesquicentennlalSymposium: Trail Ruts, Voices and Music, 7:00 pm, Harmon Park, 7805 An examination ofthe effect ofthe capture ofNew Mexico in 1846. Contact Dona Ana County Historical Society,' 500 Delmar. (913) 381- 6464. North Water Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88001-1224 (505) June 4 • KSHS, SFT Program Series, Kansas City, MO: A 522-1194. Trail ofCommerce and Conflict, 7:00 pm, Alexander Majors Historical Museum, 8201 State Line Road. (816) 333-5556. April - National Frontier Trails Center, Independence, MO: Special activities dUring the month, call (816) 325­ June 5 - KSHS, SFT Program Series, Fairway, KS: Tastes 7577. and Tales of the Trail, 7:00pm, Shawnee Mission State Historical Site, 3403 W. 53d. (913) 262-0867. April 18-20 - Las Vegas, NM, Historical Society of NM aDDualconference: New Mexico Highlands UniversityCam­ June 6 - KSHS, SFTProgramSeries, Olathe, KS: The Great pus. Papers and sessions on the history ofthe 175th of the Campground, 7:00 pm, Lone Elm Campground, 167th St & Santa Fe Trail and the 150th of the Army of the West and Lone Elm Road. (816) 333-5556. the Invasion of New Mexico. (505) 827-7332. June 7 • KSHS, SFT Program Series, Edgerton, KS: A April 20 - Independence, MO, Missouri River Outfitters Prairie Adventure. 7:00 pm, Lanesfield School & Museum. Chapter: Bus Tour of the Santa Fe Trail from Fort Osage to 187th & Dillie Road. (913) 631-6709. ,Kansas Line. Meet at the Square in Independence. Cost and June 8 • KSHS, SFT Program Series, Baldwin, KS: Maid time to be determined.-(816)230-7228. Marion of the Santa Fe Trail, 7:00 pm, driving tour at 2:00 --.'. . April 20-21 - Ulysses '(q~t County), KS, Wagonbed pm, potluck at 6:00 pm, Black Jack Park, 11f1 mUes east of Spring Chapter: Guided tours ofthe Jedediah Smith Monu­ Baldwin City. (913) 594-3411. ment and Wagonbed Spring.:Chamber ofCommerce Spring June 8 - Santa Fe Trail Festival, Trinidad, CO: Traditional Fling at the Civic Center,,(316) 356-4700. artists and liVing-history demonstrations, music, dance, April 26-28 - Las Vegas, NM, Early days on the Santa Fe storytelling, drama. Hispanic folk arts, tours of historic Trail: Reenactors, crafts persons, and others recreate the sites, 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. (719) 846-7217. early New Mexican life along the Santa Fe Trail in Las Vegas. June 8-9 - NationalFrontierTrails Center, Independence, (505) 425- 3591. MO: Mexican War dragoons, Santa Fe traders, special piC­ May 11-12 - EI Rancho de las Golondrinas, NM, Civil War torial stamp cancellation, and an exhibit of Santa Fe Trail along the Santa Fe Trail: 15 mi. south of Santa Fe, NM. drawin~ by William James Hinchey in 1854. (816) 325­ Recreations of the battle of Glorieta Pass which held New 7577. Mexico for the Union in the Civil War. (505) 471-2261. June 8-9 - Rails and Trails Days, Las Vegas, NM: Celebra­ May 18 - Ulysses (Grant County), KS, Wagonbed Spring tion ofthe the heritage ofLas Vegas, the Santa Fe Trail, and Chapter: Guided wildflower tours at Wagonbed Spring. High the coming of the railroad. (505) 425-8631. Plains Art Festival and High Plains Safari at the Grant June 9 - KSHS, SFT Program Series, Overbrook, KS: County Museum. (316) 356-4700. Ridgeway Along the Trail, 7:00 pm, Simmons Point, 8 mUes May 19 - Ulysses (Grant County), KS, Wagonbed Spring east on Hwy 56. (913) 665-7143. Chapter: Last Wagon Train of the 20th Century. (316) June 9-16 - Santa Fe Trail Rendezvous, NRAWhittington 356-4700. Center, NM: South of Raton, NM, at Coal Canyon. The life May 25-27 • Queen City Rendezvous, Independence, MO: of mountain men and Santa Fe traders is recreated during The Santa Fe Trail is celebrated through a mid-18oos this week-long celebration of life 150 years ago. (505) 445­ encampment, blacksmith demonstrations, spinners, 3615. leather crafters, and other skilled artisans recreate a time June 10 - KSHS, SFT Program Series, Scranton, KS: 110 when Independence was the departure site for the West. Mile Creek: The McGee-Harris Crossing, 7:00 pm, 3 mUes (816) 3325-7111. east, Hwys 75 & 56. (913) 828-4844. May 25-27 - Santa Fe Trail Days, Larned, KS: The largest June 11 • KSHS, SFT Program Series, Burlingame, KS: living-history weekend at Fort Larned, with parade, crafts, Burlingame, Its Historyon the Santa Fe Trail, 7:00 pm, Main gunfights, games, and shows in Larned. (800) 747-6919 Street. (913) 654-3587. May 31 - Santa Fe Trail Bus Tour, Boise City, OK: Santa June 12 - KSHS, SFT Program Series, Harveyville, KS: Fe Trail sites that are not normally open to the public will WUmington and its Place on the Santa Fe Trail, 7:00 pm, be open to the bus tour. Held in conjunction with Santa Fe 2 1;2 mUes south on Hwy 31. (316) 767-5410. TrailDaze, May 30-June 2, which features activities for the June 13 - KSHS, SFT Program Series, AIlen, KS: Remem­ famUy, with a Santa Fe Trail theme. Contact Debbie Crews, bering the Past, 7:00 pm, 142 Mile Creek Crossing, 4 mUes Box 1027, Boise City, OK, (405) 544-3344. NE of Allen. (316) 767-5410. May 30-June 1 - Santa Fe Trail Rendezvous 1996, Santa June 14-16 - Wah-Shun-Gah Days, Council Grove, KS:

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Fourteenth annual celebration With pow-wow, parade, car­ June 29-30 - Mahaiiie Farmstead & Stagecoach Stop nival, flea market, craft show, historical demonstrations, Historic Site, Olathe, KS: Bullwhacker Days, 10:00 am to and celebration of 175 years of the Trail. (316) 767-5882. 7:00 pm on 29th, noon to 5:00 pm on 30th. (913) 782-6972. June 14 - KSIIS, SFTProgram Series, Council Grove, KS: June 30 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Santa Fe Trail The Rendezvous Relived, 7:00 pm, The Stone Bam, 1 mile Center, Larned, KS,: Boyd's Ranche, speakerat 2:00 pm, a east ofCouncil Grove on Hwy 56. (316) 767-5410. special exhibit of photos, slides, and images of Boyd's June 15 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Council Grove, KS: Ranche will be on display. (316) 285-2054. . Conversationswith the ~aw, 7:00 pm, The KawMission, 500 July 1 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Kinsley, KS: Battle North MIssion. (316) 767-5410. of Coon Creek, 6:30 pm, two miles east of Kinsley. (316) June 16 • KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Diamond Spring, 285-2054. KS: The Diamond of the Plains, 7:00 pm, 4 miles west of July 2 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Kinsley, KS: The Big Wilsey comer on Hwy 56. (316) 767-5410. Rut, 6:30 pm, five miles NW of Kinsley. Program illustrated June 16 - Las vegas, NM, Becknell-GalJego Meeting Reen­ by photographic slides ofSanta Fe Trail ruts and the many actment: Restaging of the initial 1821 encounter on the different appearances they make. (316) 285-2054. Trail. (505) 454-0683. July 3 - KSIIS, SFTProgram Series, Offerle, KS: Gabriel's June 17 - KSRS, SFT Program Series, Lost Springs, KS: Barbecue, 6:30 pm, 10 miles south of Offerle. Members of The Mystery ofthe Lost Sprin~, 7:00 pm, 2~ miles west of the Wet/Dry Routes Chapter will present a program on this Lost Springs. (316) 947-3506. .Indian engagement. (316) 285-2054. June 18 - KSRS, SFT Program Series, Durham, KS: Maid July 4 - Hispanic Fiestas, Las vegas, NM: A celebration of Marion ofthe SantaFe Trail, carry-in picnic at the ruts, 6:00 the early days in New Mexico. (505) 425-8829. pm, Cottonwood Crossing, 1 mile west of Durham. (316) July 4 - KSRS, SFT Program Series, Dodge City, KS: 947-3506. Walking Tour of Fort Dodge, 7:00 pm, Fort Dodge 2 miles June 19· KSRS, SFT Program Series, canton, KS: Chis­ east on Hwy 154. (316) 225-8186. holm Trail Crossing on the Santa Fe Trail, 7:00 pm, 3 miles July 4-7 - Warner Grove on the Black Diamond Angus east of Canton on Hwy 56. (316) 947-3506. Ranch, Dodge City, KS: Rendezvous encampment, 2 miles June 20 • KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Maxwell Wildlife east to Hwy 283 and 9 miles north on the Ford and Hodge­ Preserve, KS: Kansas Prairie Wildlife, 7:00 pm, Tram rides man county line. Reenactors in a typical 19th-centuryen­ and buffalo suppers available by reservation, 8 miles north campment, focusing on the Santa Fe Trail. Activities include of Canton. (316) 628-4455. arts and crafts booths, muzzle loaders competition, dutch June 21 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Elyria, KS: The oven cooking. mountain man skills, and traders peddling SibleySurvey& Indian Treaty. 7:00 pm, V4mile east on Hwy their wares. Enjoy the old camp atmoshpere of tipls, tents, B1. (316) 257-3941. and early lodgtngs. (316) 225-8186. July 4-7 - Raton Santa Fe Trail Balloon Rally, Raton, NM: June 22 - KSRS, SFTProgramSeries,McPherson,KS: The Balloon Rally in the mountain town of Raton. Afternoon Little Arkansas Crossing Tour, 7:00 pm, Stone Corral, 5 talks gtven on the Santa Fe Trail. (800) 638-6161. miles south on Plum Road & l~ miles west. (316) 257-3941. July 5 - KSRS, SFTProgramSeries, Ford, KS: Voices from June 22 - Fort Union National Monument, NM: The nor­ the Past Through Their Diaries (Susan Magoffin), 7:00 pm, mally closed First Fort Union, 1851-1862, will be open to 1 mile north of Ford. (316) 225-8186. the public for guided tours. This Is the only day of the year visitors have the opportunity to tour this site. (505) 425­ July 5-7 - Wagon Rides, Boot Hill Trail Ruts, Dodge City, 8025. KS: nine miles west of Dodge City on US 50, wagon rides available for $5.00 per person. (316) 225-8186. June 22-23 - Bullwhacker Days, Olathe, KS: Celebration ofSanta Fe Trail heritage ofthe 18608 with demonstrations, July 6 - KSIIS, SFTProgramSeries, Warner Grove, Dodge music, crafts, games, and horse-drawn rides at the Historic City, KS: Trail Personalities from the Past, 7:00 pm, 2 miles Mahaffie Farmstead. (913) 782-6972. east and 9 miles north. (316) 225-8186. June 23 • KSIIS, SFTProgram Series, Lyons, KS: Artifacts July 6-7 • Trolley Tours, Dodge City, KS: Ride the Dodge from the Trail, 7:00 pm, Coronado Quivira Museum, 105 City Trolley for a narrated tour ofsites along the Trail, start West Lyon. (316) 257-3941. at 3rd and Front St, 9:30 am, $5 per person. June 24 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Chase, KS: My July7 - KSnS, SFTProgramSeries, Dodge City, KS: A Visit One-half Mile of the Santa Fe Trail, 7:00 pm, Ralph's Ruts, to the Ruts, 10:00 am 'til dark, Boot Hill Ruts, 9 miles west 4 miles west and :}'4 miles north of Chase. (316) 257-3941. on US 50. Certified Santa Fe National Historic Trail Site will have guides available. (316) 225-8186. June 25 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Ellinwood, KS: Military Attire on the Trail, 7:00 pm, Ellinwood Community July 8 - KSIIS, SFTProgram Series, Cimarron, KS: Cimar­ B~ilding, west of the water tower. (316) 257-3941. ron Crossing Stories, 7:00 pm, Cimarron Crossing Park. (316) 885-2282. June 26 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Great Bend, KS: Archeology ofFort Zarah, 7:00 pm, BartonCountyHistorical July 9 - KSRS, SFTProgramSeries, GardenCity, KS, Maid Museum, ~ miles south on Hwy 281. Tourat 5:00 pm, meet Marion of the Santa Fe Trail, 7:00 pm, Finney County at Fort Zarah Park, Hwy 56 east of Great Bend. (316) Historical Museum, 403 South 4th. (316) 272-3664. 257-3941. July 10 - KSRS, SFTProgram Series, Lakin, KS: The Upper June 27 - KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Pawnee Rock, KS: Crossing/Chouteau's Island, 7:00 pm, Kearny County Mu­ The Great Wart on the Plains, 7:00 pm, l~ mile north of seum, 101 So. Buffalo. Museum open all day, tour to Indian Mound. (316) 335-7448. i Pawnee Rock. (316) 982-4522 after 5 pm. '. June 28 - KSIIS, SFTProgramSeries, Larned, KS: Sibley's July 11 - KSnS, SFT ProgramSeries, Ulysses, KS: Horses, Camp, 6:30 pm, 502 West 2d St, Lamed. Here the U.S. Necessary and Useful, 7:00 pm, Fair Grounds Arena, W. Patterson Ave. 1:00 pm, tour museum and Santa Fe Trail. ,\, survey team of the Santa Fe Trail camped on August 31, 1825. Reenactors present a program on the Santa Fe Trail 7:30 pm, Bit & Spur Rodeo at Fair Grounds Arena. (316) survey and this site. (316) 285-2054. 356-4700. June 29 - KSRS, SFT Program Series, Fort Larned Na­ July 12 • KSIIS, SFT Program Series, Ulysses, KS: Tour tional Historic Site, Larned, KS: Conflict on the Santa Fe Wagonbed Spring and Stevens County Museum, 1:00 pm; Trail Is explored through living historyreenactors, 1:00-5:00 7:30 pm, Old Fashioned Cookout at the Wagonbed Spring pm. Guest speaker at 2:00 pm. (316) 285-2054.. Site, reservations required. (316) 356-4700.

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July 13 - KSHS, SFTProgram Series, Elkhart, KS: Traders 982-1282. & Trials ofthe Cimarron Route. 7:00 pm. Cimarron National September 16-21 - Kansas Daughters of the American Grassland. 8 miles north on Hwy 27. Wagon rides and a Revolution 175th Anniversary Bus Tour. from Leaven­ barbecue will also be available. (316) 697-2833. worth to Dodge City and return. Local gUides and speakers. July 14 - KSUS, 8FT Program Series, Elkhart, KS: Maid stops at museums. Santa Fe Trail sites. DAR markers. and Marion ofthe Santa Fe Trail. 7:00 pm, and dedication of the rededication offirst KS DAR markeratPawnee Indian Vlllage Santa Fe Trail Exhibit at the Morton County Museum. (316) in Republic County. Contact Kim Clair. KSDAR Bus Tour. 697-4597. 1704 Candlewood Dr, Leavenworth. KS 66048. July 18-20 - Trail Celebration, Springer, NM: Arts and September 17 - Ulysse. (Grant County), KS, Wagonbed crafts festival, mural art project. trail ride. chuckwagon Spring Chapter: 1:00 pm. tours of Wagonbed Spring Site dinner, street dance. etc. (505) 483-2998. and Jedediah Smith Monument; 7:00 pm, 34th Annual July 19-20 - Springer, NM, Santa FeTrailCulture: A Santa Home Products Dinner. (316) 356-4700. Fe Trail horse ride between Wagon Mound and the Rock September 20-22 - Santa Fe Trail Arts Festival and His­ Crossing, barbecue. and street dance. Reservations for trail torical Pageant, Council Grove, KS: Voices of the Wind ride are first come-first served; must provide own horse. etc. People. (316) 767- 5882. (505) 483-2998. September 21 - Santa Fe Trail Festival, Overbrook, KS: July 19-21 - LaIdn, (Kearny County), KS: Rodeo, street Historical reenactments, music. flea market, crafts, etc. dance. parade. Trail ride. and special activities at the mu­ (913) 665-7512. seum. (316) 355-7448. October 12 - National Frontier Trails Center, Inde­ July 19-28 • 175thAnniversaryTouroftheSantaFe Trail, pendence, MO: A tour of Santa Fe Trail sites between Smithsonian Assoclates: Leo Oliva leads this tour of the Independence and Olathe is planned. (816) 325-7577. Trail from Franklin. MO. to Santa Fe, NM. Contact Amy November 13 - Las Vegas, NM, Coraz6n de los Caminos Ritchie (202) 357-4800 ext. 220. Chapter, Daughter of the American Revolution: Celebra­ July 20 • Mahaffle Farmstead & Stagecoach Stop Historic tion of Gailego-Becknell Meeting. Dedication of state high­ Site, Olathe, KS: Living Lifestyles on the Santa Fe Trail. way historic marker and DAR monument. (505) 425-8025. 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. (913) 782-6972. November 16 - Santa Fe, NM, End of the Trail Chapter: July 20-21 - FortUnion NationalMonument, NM, Cultural Becknell Entrada into Santa Fe (reenactment). Encounters on the Santa Fe Trail: A living-history exposi­ November 23-24 - Ulysses (Grant County), KS, Wagonbed tion of the cultures one would encounter on the Santa Fe SpringChapter: 1:00 pm, tours oftheWagonbed Springand Trail. and their contributions to the Trail. (505) 425-8025. Jedediah Smith Monument. Riley Arts and Crafts Show. July 20-21 - Melvern Lake, KS, 1846 Speyers & Webb (316) 356-4700. Expedition to Santa Fe living-history program, contact December 5 - National Frontier Trails Center, Inde­ Ken Wilk (913) 549-3318. pendence, MO: Sam Arnold. authority on Santa Fe Trail July 25-30 - Mountain Route Tour: Auto tour alongMoun­ food, will give a presentation and taste treat. (816) 325­ taln Route from Lamar. CO. to Cimarron. NM. Contact Lolly 7577. Mlng. 1841 Co Rd DD. Pritchett, CO 81064; Paula Manini. 1997 PO Box 472. Trinidad. CO 81082. (719) 846-7217; Raton Chamber of Commerce. (800) 638-6161. May 10-18 - New Mexico Heritage Preservation week emphasizing the Santa Fe Trail: A celebration of the heri­ August 1-4 - Santa Fe Trail Days, Marshall, MO: Crafts. tage of New Mexico is highlighted at sites all across New entertainment. bicycle ride, and a chuckwagon dinner cele­ Mexico. (505) 827-6320. brate the Trail. (816) 848-2288. June 21 • Fort Union National Monument, NM: First Fort August 3 - Las Vegas, NM, 7th Annual Places with a Past Union site open. (505) 425-8025. Historic Building Tour: A rare opportunity to see and tour buildings connected with Las Vegas' past, Including Santa July 19-20 - Fort Union National Monment, NM: Cultural Fe Trail era structures and those related to the commerce Encounters. (505) 425-8025. ofthe prairies. (505) 425-8803. August 2-3 - Rancho de las Golondrlnas Festival: South of August 7-11 - Palace of the Governors, Santa Fe, NM: Santa Fe, NM, life styles of New Mexicans dUring the Santa Mountain Man Rendezvous and Trade Fair. (505) 827-6473. Fe Trail period will be depicted. (505) 471-2261. August 10 - Mahaffie Farmstead & Stagecoach Stop His­ August 3 - Las Vegas, NM: CCHP Places with a Past Historic toricSite, Olathe, KS: Old Fashioned Fair, 10:00am to 5:00 Bulldin~ Tour. (505) 425-8803 pm. (913) 782- 6972. August 16-17 - Santa Fe, NM, End of Trail Chapter: August 24 • Fort Union National Monument, NM, Evening Entrada to Santa Fe Plaza. Santa Fe, NM. Tour: A rare opportunity to tour this historic fort in the August 23 - Fort Union National Monument, NM: Evening evening. Scenes from Its historic Santa Fe Trail past will be Tour. (505) 425-8025. recreated. Free admission but reservations reqUired. (505) September 24-28 • Santa Fe Trail Association Biennial 425-8025. Symposium, Cimarron CutoffChapter, Elkhart. KS; Boise August 31-8eptember 2 - SANTA-CALI-GON Days, Inde­ City, OK; and Clayton, NM. pendence, MO: A three-day festival commemorating the MULTI-YEAR EVENTS Santa Fe, California. and Oregon Trails with arts and crafts. carnival. and more. (816) 252-4745. May-8eptember 1996, Arrow Rock, MO, and Arrow Rock State Historic Site will hold special events and exhibits September 1 • Santa Fe Trail Days, New Franklin, MO: A commemorating the Santa Fe Trail. Daily guided walking commemoration of W1lliam Becknell's first trip to Santa Fe rours ofTrail sites includingBigSpring, the Old Tavern, and • in 1821, which opened the Santa Fe Trail. (816) 848-2288. the John P. Sites Gunshop. Friends of Arrow Rock (816) September 13-15 - Las vegas, HM, Wildflowers, Music at 837-3231; Arrow Rock State Historic Site (816) 837-3330. Arts Festival: A family-oriented celebration of the music, June 1, 1996-october 31, 1997 - El Rancho de las Golon­ • art, and cuisine ofthe culturally diverse region of northern drlnas, NM: Special exhibit, La Junta. Meetingofthe Trails, New Mexico. (505) 425-8631. on the Chihuahua Trail (Camino Real) and the Santa Fe September 15-october4 - 7thSantaFe TrailBicycleTrek: Trail, with emphasis on their Impact on Santa Fe and Its From Santa Fe to New Franklin, MO. Contact Wlllard Chil­ people. This bilingual exhibit will include period artifacts cott. 885 Camino Del Este. Santa Fe, NM 87501. (505) and hands-on activities. Louann Jordan (505) 471-2261.

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NE'N MEXICANS, LAS VEGAS, ANDiHE SANiA FE iRAIL by MaurUio E. VlgU

(Dr. Vigil is professor of political ment at Las Vegas. The first wagon Mexico for the Santa Fe Trail was science at New Mexico Highlands trains led by pioneer merchants, the village ofSan Miguel del Vado. University. Las Vegas. He is active suchas William Becknell, sawonly This village was settled in 1794 by in the National Social Science As­ the dense large vegas or meadows 52 families, including Hispano set­ sociation and the National Asso­ that later caused the town to be tlers from Santa Fe and Pena ciation ofChicano Studies. Vigil is called Las Vegas. Blanca and some genizaros (Indi­ the author of several books on Baptiste La Lande in 1804 and ans castout oftheir tribes because Hispanic political behavior, inclu­ James Pursley in 1805 were per­ of their conversion to Christianity ding Los Patrones: Profiles ofHis­ haps the first Anglo-American and Spanish culture). The San panic Political Leaders in New traders to travel across the plains Miguel Grant, consisting of Mexico History.1980. and His­ to New Mexico, but it was the ex­ 315,000 acres, included rich farm­ panics in American Politics: The pedition of Captain Zebulon M. land along the Pecos Riverand was Search for Political Power, 1987, Pike that stimulated interest in named for its patron saint, San both published by the University trade with New Mexico. 1 However, Miguel, and the village was located Press of America. He also co­ early efforts of imaginative pioneer at the the popular ford (vado) on authored. with Michael Olsen and traders who sougfit to transport the Pecos River. Roy Lujan, New Mexico Govern­ hardware, textiles, and other As the principal community east ment and Politics, University manufactured goods to New Mex­ Press of America, '1990. The fol- . ofthe Sangre de Cristo Mountains, ico were frustrated by hostile San Miguel was the seat ofgovern­ lowing article was presented at Spanish officials who arrested the the New Mexico Highlands Uni­ ment for the eastern New "Mexico interlo~rs and confiscated their region and later gave its name to versity Conference "From Zia to wares. Wagonwheel: New Mexicans and the first condado (county) estab­ When Mexico gained inde­ lished for the area. It was also the Santa Fe Trade," in August pendence from Spain in 1821, 1990.) headquarters for a company ofmi­ trade soon opened with the U.S. litia stationed there beginning in ONE of the most fascinating im­ Becknell, who became known as 1808 and responsible tOr the de­ ages of the early history of Las the "Father of the Trail," arrived in fense ofSan Miguel and other set­ Vegas is the picture of Las Vegans Santa Fe shortly after Mexican in­ tlements against Indian attacks welcoming "la caravana," the cara­ dependence. He was warmly wel­ and foreign intrusions. San Miguel vans of the Santa Fe Trail, as they comed and received a handsome also spawned other settlements in entered the dusty, isolated hamlet profit for his small supply ofgoods. the region, including San Jose after two or more months' travel Becknell led a second expedition (1803), Tecolote (1824), Anton over the plainsfrom Missouri. Dur­ the following year when he used Chico (1824), and Las Vegas ing its early years, Las Vegas was wagons ana followed a different (1835), with the Alcalde from San regarded by many people as syn­ route. On his return to Missouri he Miguel usually presiding over the onymous with the Santa Fe Trail, apparently traveled what became ceremony placing the grant recipi­ not only because its early develop­ the mainwagon road between Mis­ ents in possession oftheir land. In ment and growth were spurred by souri andSantaFe, later known as 1839 a visitor estimated the popu­ the Trail, but also because some of the Cimarron Route.3 lation of San Miguel to be about the most prominent New Mexico Traffic on the Trail increased as 1,500, a growth no doubt en­ businessmen associated witn the word spread of Becknell's success hanced by the early commerce on Santa Fe Trail were from Las and of the friendlier posture of the Santa Fe Trail. Vegas. Mexican officials. Between 1831 Earlyvisitors to San Miguel com­ This article examines the inti­ and 1840 Josiah Gregg, a physi­ mented on the diligence of the mate relationship between New cian turned merchant, made sev­ Mexican farmers, the well-tended Mexicans, Las Vegas, and the eral trips onthe Trail, and his Com­ and productive fields, and the fa­ Santa Fe Trail. It will show that, merce of the Prairies became the vorable appearance of the town.5 while the SantaFe Trailwas begun most important history and first­ By the 1840s, however, SanMiguel by merchants coming from anare­ hand account of the adventures would yield to its own offspring, turning to Missouri, it later be­ and perils of the Santa Fe Trail. especially Las Vegas, its role as the came an enterprise of New Mexi­ Gregg, referring to the present New Mexico port ofentry and com­ cans whose caravans traveled east siteofCasVegas, recounted that he mercial center ofthe trade with the to Missouri and returned to New came across a small sheep ranch U.S. Mexico with products to supply lo­ on the Gallinas and secured some The town of Las Vegas was offi­ cal stores. This commerce en­ goat's milk and,curdle cheese from • 4 cially founded on April 6, 1835, on ( hanced the growth and economic a Mexican. The ranchero may the west bank ofthe Gallinas River development of many New Mexico have been a son of Luis Maria Ca­ by some 29 colonists from San communities and also gave rise to beza de Baca, the original recipient Miguel del Vado. Among reasons " some of the principal mercantile of a land grant for Las Vegas in given by the Las Vegas settlers to companies in the Southwest. 1821, or Miguel Romero, who the Mexican government in sup­ Some people are surprised to claimed to have built a cabin and port of their request for land were learn that the traffic of the Trail farmed on the Gallinas as early as the crowded conditions in San preceded by over a decade the es­ 1833. Miguel. However, even after 1835 tablishment ofa permanent settle- The original port of entry in New the site was vacated for some peri-

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ods due to Indian raids. The first nounced by ringing of the church ter, with the wagoneers providing permanent settlement of Las bell. At thisalarm, carts ladenwith hardware such as traps, knives, Vegas, it appears, was in the sum­ fresh fruits and vegetables sped axes, and hatchets, as well as fab­ mer of 1837 or 1838 when the first out to meet the caravan with the rics sorely needed by the local stone and adobe structures were winner given first option at selling population. The caravans then be­ built in what is now the plaza. By his goods to the wagoneers who gan to provide seasonal employ­ 1838 approximately 30 families were starved for these items.8 Dr. ment for men, young and old, who had settled in Las Vegas and by Lynn Perrigo wrote that after Las signed on as wagon drivers, team­ 1840, according to an early histo­ Vegans became active on the Trail, sters, bullwhackers, or laborers. rian, H. T. Wilson, "Las Vegas as­ young men would ride out to meet Others tended the livestock in the sumed the appearance of quite an the wagons and relieve their fa­ corrals near the plaza. 12 By 1850 important little settlement (al­ thers so that the men could return the LasVegas plazawascompletely though] mostly of poor farmers...6 to the village, clean up, and rest for surrounded with bUildings and the Although most ofthe oril!inal Las the fandango (dance) that cele­ population had grown to about brated the arrival of the wagon 1,000. 13 Vegas settlers were poor, they were 9 joined insucceedingyears bymore train in Las Vegas. Over the next two decades, as the affluent settlers such as the Bacas, The Las Vegas the A~lo wag­ village prospered, some ofthe more the Lopezes, the Romeros, and the oneers saw, especially in the earIl­ enterprising residents realized the Delgados whobroughtbetterfarm­ est days, did not impress them, as potential value of the commerce ing equipment and herds of sheep was related in the diaries oftravel­ prOVided by the Trail and took and cattle. In 1840 a new set1;le­ ers. W. W. H. Davis who visited in steps to share in the profits. Some ment in "upper Las Vegas" was the 1850s described it as a "dirty simply diversified their farming started and joined the lower Las mud town of some seven hundred and stock-raising activities by Vegas community. Both communi­ inhabitants."l0 Understandably, opening a mercantile store. Others ties were agricultural and pastoral the one-story adobe dwellings situ­ concentrated their energies on in nature, with the villagers busy ated around a dusty plaza were a commercial enterprises, expand­ building homes, constructing typical picture of a frontier New ing to other villages in the region. acequias (ditches), planting their Mexico village and a far cry from Even their approach to commerce crops, planting orchards, and the cosmopolitan appearance of varied. Some local merchants tending their livestock. cities such as St. Louis in the opened a mercantile store and pur­ After 1838 Las Vegas became a 1850s. chased ~oods at wholesale from regular stopping point for the wag­ Nonetheless, the Santa Fe Trail independent freighters on the Trail ons of the Santa Fe Trail. Initially, soon became the economic life while other merchants supplied only a few wagons made the trek blood of Las Vegas. Although there their own stores with hardware from Independence, Missouri. were several routes ofthe Santa Fe and fabrics shipped in their own Later, however, the numberofwag­ Trail network, the one most used wagons. As this occurred, the pas­ ons and caravans increased and approached Las Vegas from Wa­ toral nature of Las Vegas changed the point of embarkation was trous, north of Las Vegas at the and it began toacquire the appear­ ,Santa Fe, Las Vegas, or other New junction of the Mora and Sapello ance of a commercial center. The Mexico communities as often as rivers. The Trail approached Las plaza, originally surrounded by Independence, Missouri. In 1835, Vegas from the mesa east of the private homes, was slowly trans­ for example, 75 wagons hauled an town and turned westward on a formed with the development of estimated $140,000 in goods. By roadway around the hill where the general mercantile stores. 1843 the value of goods had risen university is presently located. It Ofthe native Las Vegas entrepre­ to $250,000, and by 1855 the an­ crossed the Gallinas River near the neurs, MiguelRomeroand hissons nual haul was estimated at about present bridge and proceeded west were most notable because of the half a million dollars.7 by way of EI Camino Nacional (na­ important role they played in the Thus, in 1840, Las Vegas, stand­ tional road). development of Las Vegas. Miguel ing right in the path of the Santa This road, which later became Romero, who originally come to Fe Trail, was on the verge of being Bridge Street, got its original name Las Vegas as a farmer, was one of transformed by the very wagons from the Santa Fe Trail which was the frrst to appreciate the commer­ that were heading toward Santa consideredanextensionofthe"Old cial importance of the Trail. In Fe. At first the wagons used Las National Highway" ofthe east. The 1851 he purchased wagons and Vegas as a temporary stopover to Trail entered the plaza from the oxen from traders who had come rest the weary travelers and ani­ east side. The Trail left Las Vegas from Missouri and took to the Trail mals. Later more and more wagons through a road on the southwest with his oldest sons, Trinidad and unloaded their wares in the vari­ side of the plaza where South Pa­ Eugenio. Miguel and his two sons cific is now located. It veered operated a mercantile store on the ous mercantile houses which 14 emerged and which, in tum, dis­ southward toward the creston (the plaza. Miguel had built a 23­ tributed the goods to other points hills on the west side) and through room mansion in the northeast in New Mexico territory. el puerteclto (small gap) later corner of the plaza from which he •, supervised his business fanning, To the settlers of Las Vegas, the known as the Kearny Gap and on to Tecolote, San Miguel del Vado, and ranchingventures. 11; The fam­ arrival of "Ia caravana" (the cara­ 11 San Jose, Pecos, and Santa Fe. ily partnership lasted for several •• van) marked an occasion for cele­ years until the elder Romero re­ bration. F. Stanley in his history of In the early years, as indicated, LasVegans were content to sell the tired, and the two oldest sons Las Vegas wrote that the commu­ branched out on their own. nity sent out scouts to look for wagoneers fresh vegetables, fruit, incoming caravans, and the news meat, eggs, milk, and cheese. Trinidad and Eugeniojoined in a that one was close by was an- Much ofthe exchange was in bar- partnership and ran a store on the

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south side ofthe plaza.16 The third Vegas.21 wholesale prices to merchants or son, Hilario, also took to the Trail On another trip to Missouri, as merchants who preferred to TUTl and opened a mercantile on the Eugenio's caravanwasattacked by their own wagons to supply their east skie of the plaza in partner­ a group of Indians. Eugenio cap­ mercantile stores. The extent of ship with another brother, Be­ tured oneyoung Navajo Tndianboy their participation also varied with nJgno. Thus, at one time in the whom he took into his home and some large entrepreneurs running 1860s and/or 1870s, the Romero named him Juan. Juan Romero their own caravan of20 to 40 wag­ brothers operated competing mer­ remained devoted to his adoptive ons and others proyjding a few cantile stores on the east and 17 father and wasat his bedsidewhen wagons which joined a larger south blocks of the plaza. An­ he died in 1929.22 wagon train. other brother, Margarito, emulated Francisco Perea ofBernalillo and his father and brothers and be­ Eugenio retained his interest in Santa Fe became a frequent trav­ came perhaps the most successful the mercantile business. but later eler and merchant on the Santa Fe in the mercantile business, and he diversified into construction. He Trail. Mter receiving his earlyedu­ continued to operate the Romero was one ofthe suppliers ofrailroad cation in Bernalillo and Santa Fe, Mercantile store on the southwest ties for the railroad when it built Perea attended the Jesuit College corner of the plaza into the 20th into New Mexico in 1879. At one in St. Louis from 1843 to 1845. He century. The youngest Romero, time heoperatedlumberyards and then studied in the Bank Street Benigno, in addition to the mer­ stores in santa Fe, Estancia, Mori­ Academy in New York for two cantile business, became famous arty, Duran, and Vaul'!hn. Eugenio years. In 1850 he returned to New for his pharmaceutical skill, hav­ was also a leading p01itician, hav­ Mexico and engaged in the Santa inginvented and marketed hisown ing served as Las Vegas mayor in Fe Trade. He would purchase large medicinal tonic known as "La 1882 and later held such county quantities of tools, hardware, and Sanadora" (the cure-all). 18 offices as sheriff, assessor, treas­ related supplies in Independence urer, territorialrepresentative, and andSt. Louis, Missouri, and return. All the brothers emulated their delegate to the state constitutional father's versatility by diversifying to New Mexico where he would sell convention. Two ofEugenio's sons, his gocxls at different points along their economic enterprises. In ad­ Secundino and Cleofas, continued dition to his mercantile store, the Trail. Perea also drove large theirfather's political legacy inSan herds of sheep to California and Trinidad owned and operated a MJguel County.23 large sheep and cattle ranch in EI the meat-starved markets of the Puertecito, a grant which he ac­ In addition to his mercantile gold rush region. At the outbreak quired in 1875. Romero built a business, Hilario won a reputation of the Civil War, Perea became an two-story mansion on the site as one of San Miguel County's outspoken advocate for the Union which became known as Romerov­ most respected and courageous cause in New Mexico. He even re­ ille. In this splendid home with a sheriffs, an office he held for three cruited enough volunteers to form large ballroom and 32 rooms pan­ terms in the turbulent pericxl ofthe a battalion for which he was com­ eled in walnut and decorated with 1880s and 1890s in Las Vegas. missioned a lieutenant colonel and ornately carved wood furniture Margarito also used his mercan­ placed in command of the fort in freighted from Missouri, Trinidad tile operation as a basis for other Albuquerque. He and his troops entertained the elite ofNew Mexico endeavors including the develop­ participated in the decisive battle society and such visiting national ment ofa resort and lumber mill in at Apache Canyon which resulted dignitaries as Preskients Ulysses EI Porvenir. He was also active in in the defeat of the Confederates, Grant and Rutherford B. Hayes politics as the mayor ofthe town of leading to their expulsion from and General William Sherman.19 Las Vegas, county treasurer, and New Mexico. In politics, Pereawent Trinidad was also active in Repub­ delegate to the state constitutional on to serve in the Territorial Coun­ lican party politics. He served as convention. cil (Senate) and waslaterelected as probate judge, was a member of New Mexico's delegate to Congress Benigno Romero established the and served from 1863 to 1865.26 the territorial legislature, and Romero Drug Company, a whole­ served as New Mexico delegate to 20 sale and retail drug outlet which Tomas Romero of Mora was one Congress from 1877 to 1879. served theentire northeastern, New entrepreneur who specialized in Eugenio Romero, as noted, Mexico region. He also was the or­ freighting and whose fortune was joined his father and brother inthe ganizer of the development firm made on the Trail. Aniceta Romero freight business on the Santa Fe which constructed the Plaza Hotel J ones recalled in an interview that Trail. In 1855 when Eugenio was which still stands in the Las Vegas her brother, Tomas Romero, pur­ 18 years old he accompanied his Plaza. Benigno was an early advo­ chased three wagons and hauled maternal grandfather, Manuel cate for the mentally ill and was goods for merchants in Mora and Delgado, on a freighting expedition instrumental.in the establishment Las Vegas. In his early trips he to Missouri. On the return trip of the state mental hospital in Las joined a larger caravan. Later as home, ManuelDelgadodied ofheat Vegas.24 his profits increased he bought stroke, and Eugenio wrapped and In addition to the Romeros, other more wagons and had a full "tren" i buried the body near the present Hispanos from LasVegas known to ofWs own. site ofGreat Bend, Kansas. A year have participated in the Santa Fe Romero described how local later, on another expedition, trade were Francisco Lopez25 and preparations for the trip begansev­ ., Eugenio exhumed the bcxly and the aforementioned Manuel Del­ eral weeks in advance. Toe oxen returned it to Las Vegas for rebur­ gado. Hispanos from Santa Fe and and saddle horses were fattened on ial. To preserve it from further de­ other New Mexico communities a grain diet in preparation for the cay and presumably for fumiga­ also participated in the Trail com­ long haul to Independence, Mis­ tion, whiskey was poured over the merce, either as freighters who souri. Wagons were overhauled, body until they arrived in Las transported goods to be sold at worn parts were replaced, and new

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wheels fitted. Weapons were were more of a nuisance as they Charles Blanchard arrived in Las cleaned and a generous supply of rode alongside of the wagons bar- Vegas from Montreal in 1864. He ammunitionwasstoredinthewag­ tering for whiskey or food. Along took a job as a clerk in the Las ons. Shortly before departure "a the Trail were occasional remind- Vegas store and in 1865 moved to large amount of bread was baked ers of past disasters. A cross or a Rio Bonito (now Lincoln) New Mex- for use in the first days of traveL.. pile of rocks marked the grave ofa ico. By 1868 he returned to Las Wheat flour was obtained and wagoneer who had died of sick- Vegas and signed on as wagon- packed in the wagons for making ness, accident, Indian attack, or master of an ox train operating bread and tortillas along the way. some other misfortWle. Once on a between Fort Union, New Mexico, Came seea Uerky) was packed in crossing over Raton Pass one train," . and Fort Harker on the Smoky Hill large wooden boxes. Other food of freight wagons lost many mules Trail in Kansas. At Ellsworth, Kan- packed included dried vegetables, and oxen, forcing the abandon- sas, the owner exchanged the en- salt, sugar, and coffee. Clean ment of wagons laden with valu- tire crew for a mule outfit made up clothes, medicine, whiskey, soap, able merchandise. Another cara- of sixty-seven mules, twelve wag- and grain for the livestock were van ran out ofcom and fodder and ons and two horses, accompanied also packed. A full day was spent anim~s were left dying along the by twelve men. On the return trip loading the supplies on the wag­ Trail.2 this wagon train was captured by ons. Those items to be used first, Several non-Hispanic merchants a large party of Cheyenne Indians. such as bed rolls, were packed last settled in Las vegas during the Blanchard made a successful es- and everything was systematically heyday of the Santa Fe Trail and cape, however, and eventually set- arranged for convenience and ac­ their enterprises enhanced both tled in Las Vegas. There he opened cessibility during the trip. After their own personal fortunes and a mercantile store on the south everything was packed and se­ the growth of Las Vegas. In 1849, side ofthe plazawhich he operated cured, the large canvas tops were Michel Des Marais, a French-Ca- for 26 years. Blanchard became a stretched over each wagon. The nadian, and his wife Deluvian successful wool dealer and opened oxen were hitched and amid emo­ (Vigil, formerly ofTaos) moved into branch stores in Socorro, tional and tearful goodbyes the a house on the east side ofthe Las Carthage, and San Miguel. wagon train was on its way. The Vegas plaza. Des Marais and his Blanchard also took part in San trail boss and other guards were friends, Carlos Beaubien and Miguel politics, serving as ~~unty mounted on horses in front, back, Ceran St. Vrain, had come to New treasurer and county judge. and alongside the train. As days Mexico to trap beaver. Whether Other prominent merchants who and weeks passed, the family re­ Des Marais himself engaged in operated substantial mercantile ceived reports of the caravan from freighting goods on the Tratfis not businesses on the Las Vegas plaza travelers making the westward known, but he operated a small in the 1860s and 1870s and who trip. On their arrival at Inde­ mercantile store onthe plazain the either freighted their own goods or pendence or wherever the eastern 1850s and 1860s, so he surely re- engaged private freighters on the terminus was at the time, several lied on freighting on !he Trail to Santa Fe Trail included Charles weeks were spentsecuringthe des­ replenish his stocks.2 A recently Emil Wesche, John and Angles ignated merchandise, resupplying, discovered ledger oftheDes Marais Dold, and Marcus Brunswick. and outfitting the wagons for the store contains a record of credit . return trip. After several weeks on which Des Marais granted to St. However, of all the merchants of the return trip one of the riders Vrain, Beaubien, andotherfamous this era ofLasVegas and the Santa sent ahead would arrive in the vil­ New Mexicans of the period.30 Dr. Fe Trail, the name of Charles Ilfeld lage with news that the caravan Heruy Connelly and E. F. Mitchell is the most endur~. In May of was a few days out. Friends and built the Exchange Hotel and its 1867 a burro train ruled. with mer- family would meet the caravan at barroom, known as the Buffalo chandise entered the Las Vegas Watrous with fresh food and a joy­ Hall, in 1852. The hotel became a plaza and stopped in front of the ous reWlion was had. The wa~on favorite resting place and watering Frank Kihlberg store on the north train was then escorted home. hole for trail-weary travelers as side ofthe plaza. Workers carefully well as a regular crowd of local unloaded the merchandise belong- In his research, Perrigo uncov­ politicians, businessmen, cattle- ing to Adolph Letcher who had re- ered some accounts describing ac­ d bl Th h t I had located his business from Taos, men, an gam ers. e 0 e New Mexico. About one month af- tual conditions faced by the wag­ stables in the back for boarding oneersontheTrail. The rOWld trips animals. Shortly thereafter Frank ter the opening of the new store, usually required over two months O. Kihlberg began freighting onthe Letcher formed a partnership with travel in daytime in heat and dust Santa Fe Trail and opened a gen- his employee, Charles "Carl" Ilfeld, through seemingly endless plains. eral mercantile store on the north a German Jew who obtained fl- The elements such as rain and side of the plaza. nancing from his cousins, Jacob winds made the voyage even more Amberg and Gustave Elsberg, of intolerable as the wagons became In 1862 Emanuel Rosenwald Santa Fe. From this time (about mired in mud or the wind created from Bavaria opened an imposing July 1, 1867) Charles Ilfeld man- enormous dust storms which two-storied mercantile store onthe aged the company which went on •, blinded animals and drivers. At south side of the plaza.31 This to become one ofthe mostsuccess- night, the wagons were drawn into store, featuring an upstairs bal- ful mercantile businesses in the a circle, ideally near a watering cony, set the tone for later build- western United States. Ilfeld pur- •. place. ings on the plaza. It and other chased Letcher's interest and be- Trail hands usuallybedded down buildingson the south side burned came sole woprietor on September on the ground since wagons were down in a disastrous fire in 1977, 14, 1874. The growth and pro- full. Indians posed the danger of and all of the buildingS were re- gress of the Charles Ilfeld Com- attack, but most of the time they placed with modern structures. pany was closely tied to the growth

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ofLas Vegas for the next four dec­ ern suppliers of merchandise. Il­ those offered bv the "iron horse" ades and to the Santa Fe TraU be­ feld augmented sales by filling one can understand their ration­ tween 1867 and 1879. Until the army contracts. As Parish pointed ale. The movement west of the . latter y~ (1879) when the raU­ out, "he delivered oats to Fort Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe road reached· Las Vegas, Ilfeld Craig, beans to Fort Defiance, corn Railroad from Topeka to Burl­ . freighted his merchandise over the to Fort Wingate and lumber to Fort ingame, Kansas, in 1869, to Em­ . Santa Fe Trail which was shrink­ Union, gettinl! in returnthe needed porm. in 1870, to Newton in 1871, ing as the railroad moved west­ money excnange to finance to Hutchinson and Dodge City in ward. Ilfeld mastered the intricate Letcher's (his partner) pur­ 1872, and to Las Animas and La problems associated with frontier chases.,,39 Ilfeld was not. above Junta, Colorado, in 1875 meant mercantilism, includintan;.arketdi­ profiting from varying prices in that the shipping point for goods versity, monetary exc ge, and precious metals. For example, in was moving westward and freight freight costs. According to William 1878, Ilfeld purchased devalued charges between Las Vegas and Parish in his book, The Charles but heavier and full bodied Mexi­ the succeeding shipping points Ilfeld Company, he fit the epitome can silver dollarsat 80 centsapiece were reduced. For example, before of the frontier merchant "who ex­ and shippingthem eastwhere they the railroads were built across changed goods for grain .to the ex­ could be mefted down and taken to Kansas after the Civil War, it had tentofneed ... then makes a heavy the mint to be coined as domestic cost 14 cents per pound to ship advance upon his goods and prof­ dollars.40 merchandise by wagon from Leav­ its by selling the grain to the gov­ In just over a decade Ilfeld had enworth, Kansas, to Santa Fe. In ernment or those who have~on­ expanded mercantile operations 1867 whenthe UnionPacific, East­ tracts with the government." He throughout northern New Mexico ern Division, (later known as the then used the monetary exchange by opening branch stores in Te­ Kansas Pacific) built westward to to purchase goods at wholesale colote, Watrous, Corona, Pastura, Ellsworth, Kansas, the rate went prices to restock his inventory, Fort Sumner, Encino, Mountai­ down toeightcentsper pound, and thus completing the commer­ nair, Willard, Roy, and Springer. In it dropped evenmore when the line cial/financial cycle. Parish wrote, 1882 Ilfeld invested $49,000 to reached Hays City later that same . "to help finance his grocery and build a stone three-story building year. In 1868, when that rail line liquor purchases inSt. Louis, Ilfeld on the north side of the Las Vegas reached Sheridan, Kansas, the shipped. wool and hides to that Plaza and moved his mercantile rate was two to three cents, and center".36 headquarters there. In 1890 he when it reached Kit Carson, Colo­ rado, in 1870, the rate went down Parish also detailed how Ilfeld's built another three-story addition 42 investment in wagons shaped his next to the existingbuilding, which to 1.5 cents per pound. For mer­ commercial enterprise: "Once the doubled his floor space. The com­ chants like Ilfeld who relied heavily .sedentary merchant of the south­ bined store housed the grocery de­ on private freighters, freight rates west acquired his ownwagons and partment in the basement; dry were a constant concern, and they trains he had committed himself goods on the first floor, millinery welcomed the lower rates which more deeply than ever to the prac­ and dress making on the second the railroad provided as it moved tices of mercantile capitalism. Not floor, and furniture on the third west. Ofcourse, when the railroad only did he make markets for local floor. By this time, too, Ilfeld had arrived inLasVegas in 1879, italso produce for the purpose of acquir­ begun to specialize in the process­ brought the competition of new ing eastern credit and liquidating ing ofwool which he shipped east­ mercantile firms such as Otero, local accounts; it became neces­ ward in large quantities as· a raw Sellar and Company, and the sary for him to find raw materials material to generate the capital to Browne and Manzanares Com­ to fill the empty or partially filled purchase manufactured goods for pany which had beenfollowing the wagons ·on the light side of the his mercantile operation. To re­ railroad westward. Otero, Sellar haul. Itwas costlyto pay drivers to ceive the shipments of wool from and Co., in particular, co-founded accompany trains over long and ranches and to support his consid­ by Miguel A. Otero of New Mexico, circuitous routes with only space erable inventory ofproducts in the went on to become the Gross Kelly to pay the freight. ... The seden­ main and branch stores, Ilfeld Company, one ofthe largestwhole­ tary merchant solved this back built three large warehouses on sale dry goods distributors in the hand problem in part through the ValenciaStreet, directly behind the Southwest.43 . use of independent freighters who main store on the plaza. In its hey­ In 1878, perhaps to more effec­ were as reliable as a group of 'b~ day the Charles Ilfeld Company tively compete with the expected mel's' as canbe founefin history." 7 with its headquarters in the plaza arrival ofthe new mercantile firms was, as Perrigo called it, the "capi­ Among the many private freight­ tal ofa remarkable mercantile em- which would come with the rail­ ers whom Ilfeld successfully en­ pire.,,41 . road, Miguel Romero and his sons gaged without suffering a single founded the Romero Mercantile foss were Hispanics such as Felipe While the Santa Fe Trail had Company, thus consolidating their Chavez, Francisco Lucero, Aarsiso been the mother that provided the previously dMded mercantile op- [Narciso?) Otero, Preciliano Maris milk for the growth of mercantile . erations. A large two-storybuilding [Mares?), an~ Damacio Baca firms in communities such as Las on the south side of the plaza among others. Vegas, the westward movement of housed the mercantile store. The '. Ilfeld also actively pursued con­ the railroad proVided unprece­ Romero Company later built tracts to supply the dozen or so dented opportunity for merchants branch stores in other New Mexico military forts in order to provide a who eagerly abandoned the coinmunities.44 source of eastern monetary ex­ "mother" in favor of the new con­ The prosperity of the Romero change which was the only accept­ veyance. When one compares family thus coincided with the able exchange to many ofhis east- freight charges over the Trail with growth and prosperity ofLasVegas .'

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and the Santa Fe Trail. The com­ 19. Oark, "House of the Dons," 19. ico in 1883 is a remarkable story, merce of the Trail provided the in­ 20. VigU, Los Patrones, 63, 66-67. well told as always by Simmons. itial economic stimulus to the 21. Ibid., 70. Another variation of the Delgado • struggling settlement of Las Vegas stOlY is found in Lynn I. Perrigo, "The santa • • • • Fe Trail Through Las Vegas," unpublished The winter 1995-1996 issue of in the 1830s and to business suc­ essay,2. cess of the Romeros, Ilfeld, and the Pioneer Champion includes an 22. VigU, Los Patrones, 70-71. illustrated article on Fort Leaven­ others. The growth Las Vegas en­ 23. Ibid., 71-72. joyed as a result of the commerce worth, KS, and the museum lo­ made it a large enough community 24. Ibid., 64·65. cated there. This quarterly publi­ by 1879 thatthe Santa Fe Railroad 25. Perrigo, Gateway to Glorieta, 25. cation, featuring articles about the built its tracks next to it, thus set­ 26. VigO, Los Patrones, 53-54. region, is available for $6.00 per 27. Andres S. Hernandez, "This They Said: A year from Champion Publishing, ting the stage for further growth Report on interviews with old-time residents and development. RR 3 Box 88, Baldwin City, KS of Las Vegas and San Miguel County, New 66606. The arrival of the railroad soon Mexico," unpUblished manuscript (Donnelly reduced the Santa Fe Trail traffic Ubrary, New Mexico Highlands University), • • • • • June 1955. to a trickle anditeventuallyceased The fall 1995 issue of Pathways 28. Perrigo, "The Santa Fe TraD Through Las entirely, but the Trail had played a Vegas," 1-2. Across America, a newsletter for very important role in the history 29. Baca, ·Old Town Plaza," Las Vegas Daily national scenic and historic trails of Las Vegas and New Mexico and Optic, July 27, 1979. published by the American Hiking its citizens. The Trail also intro­ 30. The Des Marais ledger was reviewed by this Society, features an article on duced New Mexico to the United writer before it was donated to the New Mex­ SFTA member Jere Krakow who States and its democracy, com­ ico State Records center and Archives in now serves as superintendent of merce, industry, and technology. 1989. the National Park Service Long The Trail served as the initial link­ 31. Baca, "Old Town Plaza," Las Vegas DaDy Distance Trails office in Salt Lake age for the courtship that was to Optic,4. City, in charge of four trails: Ore­ 32. George T. Gould, ed., IUustrated Las Vegas, gon, California, , and result in the engagement in 1846 1903 (Las Vegas: Blake and Joquel, Publish­ and the marriage of New Mexico to ers, 1903), 50. Mormon Trail. Krakow worked on the United States in 1850. 33. Baca, ·Old Town Plaza," Las Vegas Daily theSantaFe National HistoricTrail survey and management plan. NOTES Optic,4. 1. For a discussion of Pike's impact see Marc 34. William J. Parish, The Charles Iffeld Com­ • • • • • Simmons, New Mexico: A History (NewYork: pany (cambridge: Harvard University Press, The fall 1995 issue of Pathways W.W. Norton and Co., 1977), 97-100. 1961),20-22,29. Ibid., Across America includes an article 2. Ibid. 35. 20. 36. Ibid., 42. by SFTA member Stanley Kimball, 3. Myra 81en Jenkins and Albert H. Shroeder, 37. Ibid., 72-73. "Religious Beliefs Were Major In­ A BriefHistory of New Mexico (Albuquerque: fluence Along the Mormon Trail." University of New Mexico Press, 1974), 34­ 38. Ibid., 20-21. 36. 39. Ibid., 27. Kimball is a leading authority on 4. Josiah Gregg, The Commerce ofthe Prairies 40. Ibid., 44. the Mormon Trail and on the Mor­ (1844; reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska 41. ·Ilfeld Building,· Las Vegas Daily Optic, Au­ mon Battalion on the Santa Fe Press, 1972), 100. gust 13, 1976. Trail. 5. ·san Miguel del Vado," Las Vegas Daily 42. Parish, Charles Ilfeld Company, 74, 76- n. • • • • • Optic, August 13, 1976. 43. Lym I Perrigo, "The Eminence of Las Vegas The Friends ofthe National Fron­ 6. H.T. Wilson, Historical Sketch of Las Vegas, during Territorial Period," Las Vegas DaDy New Mexico (Olicago: The Hotel World Pub­ Optic, July 27, 1979. tier Trails Center has received a lishing Co., 00.), 10. 44. Vigil, Los Patrones, 64. $5,000 grant from the Inde­ 7. ·Vegas Growth Spurred by santa Fe Trail pendence Community Foundation traffic," Las Vegas Daily Optic, July 27,1979. to help hire a part-time education 8. F. Stanley, The Las Vegas (New Mexico) coordinator to assist curator Anna story (Denver, 1951). Belle Cartwright for one year. Du­ 9. Lynn I. Perrigo, Gatewayto Glorieta:A History ties will include development of of Las Vegas, New Mexico (Boulder, Colo­ educational materials, distribution rado: Pruett Publishing Co., 1982), 8. HOOF PRINTS of packets for area teachers, con­ 10. W. W. H. Davis, EI Gringo or New Mexico d ucting tours for school groups, and Her People, (1857; reprint, Lincoln: Uni­ versity of Nebraska Press, 1982), 52. -TRAIL TIDBITS- and presentation oftrail programs in classrooms. . 11. ·Vegas Growth Spurred by santa Fe Trail," The Kansas State Collegian, stu­ Las Vegas Optic, July 27, 1979. dent newspaper at Kansas State • • • • • 12. Perrigo, Gateway to Glorieta, 8. University, Manhattan, and four A brochure on the Santa Fe Trail 13. Wilson, Historical Sketch of Las Vegas, 11. area Kansas newspapers publish prepared by SFTA publicity din~c­ 14. Mauritio E. Vigil, Los Patrones: Profiles of each year a special tourism guide, tor MichaelE. Pitel, with a mapand Hispanic PoliticalLeadersIn NewMexico His­ "Discover Kansas Trails." The 1996 175th commemorative calendar of tory (Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1980), 63. issue, scheduled for circulation in events in New Mexico, is available 15. Anna Nolan Oark, "House ofthe Dons," New early April, will be devoted to the free to SFTA members from the Mexico Magazine (Feb. 1936): 37-38. 175th anniversary of the Trail. New Mexico Dept. of Tourism by 16. Several photos of the plaza in the period of • • • • o calling (800) 545-2040. ext. 751. the 18708 depict a store with the sign "T. • • • • • • Romero and Bro." See 8mo Baca, ·OldToYt'n An article by Marc Simmons, Plaza Before the RaUroad: Las Vegas Daily "The McComas Massacre," ap­ The February 1996 issue of Ma­ Optic July 27, 1979. peared in the January 1996 issue ture Outlook, which has a circula­ 17. VigU, Los Patrones, 64. see also map ofthe of New Mexico Magazine. The tion of925,000, features an article, plaza, Las Vegas Daily Optic, July 27, 1979. Apache attack on the McComas "Travel on the Santa Fe Trail... The 18. VigD, Los Patrones, 65. family in southwestern New Mex- article includes phone numbers to

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request information from Trail­ THE STONE CORRAL AT LIlTLE RIVER CROSSING, PART II state tourism offices (except for Colorado which has no such of­ by Ed Undell fice). The National Frontier Trails Center, Independence, MO, is also • (This concludes the article from river. A tollofseventy-fivecentsper I listed. The Blazer {Windom, KSJ, May 2, wagon wascharged for crossing. In • • • • • 1932. There was a sketch of the order to insure a good patronage The fall/winter 1995 edition of Stone Corral in the original, but it for his bridge, the owner built a • The BoggsvUle Times includes an would not reproduce clearly for dam across the river a little way article on the Prowers House, cur­ inclusion here.} above the bridge, which kept the rently being restored. Membership ford flooded, making it impassable in the Friends of Bo~sville is $15 ACCORDING to Horace Jones, the and forcing the traveler to use the per year for an individual and $25 Corral was built in 1865 by a man bridge. It is said that the owner, if for a family, and this includes a by name ofWheeler, but Mr. Bean the traveler was short of funds as subscription to The Boggsvtlle says that in the northeastcomerof manywere, would extend creditfor Times. Send to BRC, PO Box 357, thecorral walltherewas a stone on the toll on the traveler's agreement La Junta, CO 81050. which was carved the following in­ to pay on his return trip. The dam • • • • • scription "Bean 1850" which indi­ site may still be plainly seen by the cated that this was probably the rock in the river bed just north of The FinneyCounty HistoricalSo­ year the corral was built. It seems the old corral site. There were a ciety, Garden City, KS, has printed more probable that this was the store and blacksmith shop at the a brochure on the Trail in the re­ date ofits constructionbecause, at crossing and a number of shacks gion, with a map, photographs, the time the first homesteaders where people lived. William and points of interest between came, the corral had every appear­ Mathewson owned the store, as Dodge City, KS, and Holly, CO. For ance of being much older than six well as the one at the Cow Creek a copy contact the society, PO Box or seven years. Also the writer be­ crossing. Mathewson, itis claimed, 796, Garden City, KS 67846-0796 lieves that as late as 1865 there wasthe original"" ofthe (316) 272-3664. could have been no practical in­ plains but "Buffalo Bill" Cody, • • • • • centive for an individual to build when about eighteen years old, Tom Miller, Arrow Rock, MO, has such a structure at this point on worked for Mathewson at Cow been named curator of the Mis­ the Trail. At that time the buildinJ:! Creek, it is probable that he also souri Press Foundation's old Print of the Union Pacific railroaa did duty at the Corral. Shop inArrowRock, recently oper­ throughKansas had been provided In 1866, Colonel Grierson of the ated by volunteer CordellTindallof for and the operation of the rail­ Seventh (actually the Tenth Cav­ Fayette. Miller has a background road would seal the doom of the alry, as noted below] U.S. Cavalry, inthe newspaperbusinessand will freight traffic ontheTrailand make was stationed at the Corral and renovate someofthecollectionand structures of this character value­ Lieutenant Colonel Custer was the provide demonstrations. less. The "Bean" carved in the officer under him (Custer was in • • • • • stone was no relative of the home­ the Seventh Cavalry and was not The Friends of Arrow Rock are steader Bean, and it is possible stationed at the Little Arkansas working to portray the history of that it was Beaninstead ofWheeler River]. Follow along the river's blackresidents inthe historic com­ who built the Corral. Much early bankto thenorthofthe Corral, and munity. They recently acquired day history was written from hear­ you will see plainly the ruins ofthe structures used as a black church say and was not always reliable. dugouts the soldiersbuiltand lived and Masonic lodge. The Friends Just why an indMdual built this inwhile stationed there. Theywere are seeking photos and written or fort-like Corral is not definitely dug out of the bank, walled with oralinformationaboutthe dailylife known, but it was probably a stone and covered with logs and of African-Americans who lived in strictly commercial proposition, earth, making comfortable winter Arrow Rock. Contact Director very much as our auto camp quarters, but certainly not safe in Kathy Borgman, Friends of Arrow grounds are today. This was at the flood. time. About forty ofthese ru­ Rock, PO Box 124, Arrow Rock, eastern edge of the hostile Indian ins can still be counted. The sol­ MO 65320. country, and no doubt, the travel­ diers also built a large log stock­ • • • • • ers were glad to pay a fee for the ade, standing the logs on end, in Marsha K. King, archeologist at privilege ofcamping inside its pro­ which they had their quarters and the Kansas State Historical Soci­ tective walls. Also itis possible that corralled their horses. It is not now ety, completed the report, "Phase the builderhad in mind itspossible known just where this stockade III Archeological Investigations at sale to the government. Although was built, probably near or adjoin­ the Cottonwood Creek Crossing there were troops stationed there ing the Corral. Santa Fe Trail Campground, for some time, there is no record When Mr. Bean took his home­ that the government ever pur­ stead, he lived in the corral for • Marion County, Kansas," in Janu­ ,.. ary 1996. This thoroughaccountis chased the Corral. several months and had a post of­ an important source for anyone The owner also built a toll bridge fice there. During his occupancy doing research on that site. For across the river near the northeast there was still considerable travel .. more information, contact Marsha corner of the Corral. This bridge over the Trail but mostly by home­ K. King, Cultural Resources Divi­ was built on stone piers, five of seekers, seeking homes on the sion, Archeology Office, Kansas them, and the driveway was con­ Kansas prairies. The Union Pacific State Historical Society, 6425 SW structed of logs and plank. A rem­ railroad had been built through Sixth Ave, Topeka, KS 66615­ nant ofone ofthese piers may still Kansas by this time, and overland 1099. be seen in the north bank of the freighting became unprofitable.

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The railroad hauled the freight to to be much older than sixty years, CAMP TALES western points where wagon trains but we have as yet been unable to received it and freighted it to New verify it. (continued from page 11) Mexico. Mr. Bean said that "during It is unfortunate that the Corral type of marker. his occupancy there was seldom a was not preserved, but it had been Roy Bessire moved that all cm­ night when from eight toashighas abandoned when the first settlers rent chapter officers be elected for thirty wagons did not camp in the came and was on railroad land and another two-year term. It passed, enclosure." no one could prevent the home­ and the officers retained are Ed Dmingthetr~d~sacompany steaders and others from hauling Lewis, president; Edward Dowell, of colored. soldiers, said to have the stone away. It is said, Stone vice-president; Marjorie Persinger, been the lOth U.S. Cavahy, was Corral school house is built of secretary; Karla French, treasmer, stationed here and had a fight with stone from the Corral. Also much and Mary Gamble, reporter. the CheyenneIndiansWhich lasted ofthe stone was hauled to Nicker­ The spring meeting on April 11 two or three days. The Indians, son and Sterling and used in the will be in Hugoton, KS. mountedon ponies, made repeated many buildingS there. charges but were finally defeated Heart of the Flint Hills with an unknown loss, as the Indi­ PAPER TRAILS President Donald B. Cress ans always, if possible, carried by Mike Olsen RR 1 Box 66 away their dead. Three of the col­ Council Grove, KS 66846 ored soldierswerekilled inthe fight OF the three "Santa Fe Trail" nov­ (316) 767-5826 and were buried on the river's els listed below, two require some The quarterly meeting at the bank. Old settlers say there is a explanation. I have previously said Morris County comthouse, Janu­ brass canon sunk in the river bed the criteria for inclusion is that ary 25, was attended by 30 people. someplace near the corral. characters in the novels should ac­ Plans for the 175th anniversary tually travel some portion of the Now let us cross over to the east programs were discussed. The Trail. The heroine of O'meara's June 14 program, "Rendezvous side, the old ford is still passable Spanish Bride, Josephina Maria for pedestrians. We go south Relived," will fie at the Old Stone del Carmen Torres, accompanied Barn, one mile east of Council through the field toward the sec­ the Villasur expedition on its fate­ tion line. Those zigzagridges in the Grove. The June 15 program, ful venture in 1720, a journey that "Conversations with the Kaws," field and running across the road certainly is part of the heritage of into the trees on the south side are will be at the Raw Mission. There the Santa Fe Trail. In Burgess's will also be a quilt show at that what remain of the breast works PUlarojCloud, the narrator hits the built by the soldiers, and behind location. Members working on Trail literally on the last page ofthe these programs are Max Dixon, which they fought off the hostile novel. Indians. These breastworks wind Earl Wright, Leland Zerbe, Bill Al­ through the field, south across the I am still looking for more titles to spaw, Deanne Wright, Don Cress, section line and into the timber on add to this list. I'm also interested Doris Cress, and Helen Ericson. the river's bank. Just below the in titles ofjuvenile Trail literature, The 1996 Trail ride will start at south end of these breastworks fiction and non-fiction. Send them Lone Elm Campground on June 6 tomeat 1729 EighthSt, LasVegas, and follow the progression of the may be seen where once were the NM 87701. graves offourteen soldierswho lost Kansas State Historical Society their lives at or near the Corral. Burgess, Jackson. PUlar qf Cloud. 175th programs to Council Grove. Later, about forty years ago, the New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Committee members are Clayton remains were removed to the gov­ 1957. 254 pp. Stephenson, Charles Noonan, Rex ernment cemetery at Fort Leaven­ O'Meara, Walter. The Spanish Pio, Jim Heath, and Leland Zerbe. worth. Mr. J. W. Crawford of Little Bride. Santa Fe, Friends of The It was decided to buy a 425-gallon River moved them. Palace Press, 1990 (first published water tank to accompany the port­ You will observe the scarcity of in 1954). 370 pp. able "Johnny" on the trail ride. timber for about a mile on either Stanley, Chuck. North qfSanta Fe. Officers for 1996 are President side of the Corral. This area was New York, Phoenix Press, 1949. Don Cress, V-P Charles Macy, Sec­ probably as heavily wooded at one 252 pp. retary Helen Ericson, and Treas­ time as it was fmther up the river, urer Joleen Day. The next meetinR; but it was all cut away by the trav­ CALL FOR MANUSCRIPTS will be April 25 at the Rapp School House in Osage County. elers and soldiers for fuel and for THE Kansas Corral of the West­ building a large stockade and dug­ erners is planning to publish vol­ End of the Trail outs to live in. ume six ofThe Prairie&outincom­ President Margaret Sears W. E. Pierce ofSaxman, who car­ memoration of the Corral's silver 1871 Candela ried mail between Lindsborg and anniversary. The publications Santa Fe, NM 87505 Hutchinson by way of the Stone committee is seeking article-len~ (505) 473-3124 Corral in 1872 and 1873, says that manuscripts for possible indu­ The November 18 meeting was "at that time there was no sign ofa sion. They should relate to the his­ called to order in the LaFarge Li­ • tree or bush within a mile either tory of Kansas and/or the Ameri­ brary with 36 members present. direction from the Corral." How­ can West. Manuscripts should be Theguest speakerwas Robert Lone ever there are some who believe submitted for evaluation no later Eagle from Eldorado, who builds that the Old Cottonwood men­ than May I, 1996, to Publications models ofthe types ofwagons that tioned in om last issue, was still Committee, Kansas Corral of the were used ontheSantaFe Trail. He standing when the trail was in use Westerners, c/o Kansas State His­ has done extensive research on all and that the roadway was a little to torical Society, 6425 SWSixthAve, the different designs that traveled one side. This old tree does appear Topeka, KS 66615-1099. on the Trail. He explained why

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some ofthe wagons were built and. Corazon de los Caminoe dent Janice Klein, Vice-President the type ofanimals that were used President LeRoy LeDoux Rusti Gardner, Secretary-Treasur­ to pull them. Two ofthe wagons he PO Box 94 er Ida Yeager, and Program Direc­ had constructed were on display, Wagon Mound, NM 87752 tor David Clapsaddle. and it was evident that it took (505) 666-2262 The Faye Anderson Award for many hours to build each one. The marker committee has re­ 1996 was presented to Joanne and Mary Jean Cook was presented ceived a donation of $300.00 from Greg Van Coevern. They were in­ the Award of Merit bestowed upon Jack Urban to mark Trail ruts on strumental in the establishment of • her by the SFTA at the symposium private land, with landowner per­ the chapter in 1990, and Joanne inSeptember, for her research and mission. A decision will be made served for two years as the first writingand for erectingthe marker whether to use limestone posts or president. Following the business honoring New Mexico Territorial carsonite markers. Nancy Robert­ session, Clarence Wadkins, Park Governor James S. Calhoun. son, chairman, has asked the fol­ Ranger at Fort Larned NHS, pre­ Susan McConnell and the 4th lowing members to serve on the sented a well-received first-person grade class of Bandelier Elemen­ marker committee for 1996: Colfax interpretation of a Tenth Cavalry tary School, Albuquerque, NM, County-Faye Gaines, Jack Ur­ Buffalo Soldier. The spring meet­ whoprepared a SantaFeTrailquilt ban, and Steve Zimmer; DAR­ ing is scheduled for April 14 at the now the property ofthe Museum of Mary Gamble; Mora County-Le­ Quivira National Wildlife Refuge New Mexico, also received an Roy LeDoux and Lloyd Revera; San near Stafford, KS. Award of Merit. Miguel County-Steve WWtmore. Dodge CitylFort Dodge A grant in the amount of Wink Winkel has translated our President A. Ted Mueller $15,000.00 has been secured by brochure into German. In order to 508 Annette the chapter to purchase copies of be distributed at New Mexico wel­ Dodge City, KS 67801 Adventures with the Santa Fe TraU comecenters, itmustbe printedon (316) 225-2371 by Dave Webb to be placed in New a tri-fold cardboard stock. Foreign The first meeting of 1996 was Mexico elementary school grades 5 visitors may request a French, Ger­ held January 26 at the Dodge and 7 and in high school libraries. man, Italian, or Spanish Vacation House Restaurant. Election ofoffi­ Marilyn Earp and Vi Navrot, en­ Guide from any welcome center. cers was held. The new president, tradas and special events commit­ The 175th anniversary commit­ Ted Mueller, presented past-presi­ tee, gave a brief summary of the tee hasbeenbusymeetingwith the dent Janet Bevers with a plaque in events that are being planned in New Mexico Tourism Department gratitude of her leadersWp of the Santa Fe on November 16, 1996. and local tourism agencies in sev­ chapter during 1994 and 1995. Jack Barns, markers and ease­ eral towns. They have formed a Other business included planning ments committee, reported on the Santa Fe Trail Task Force and are for the 175th anniversary. Mem­ progress of approximately 15 sites working on possible package bers ofthe master map committee, that need to be marked. There is a tours. Keith Chadd, Bob Monaghan, and Guy Josserand, presented a map possibility that the city might help Wet/Dry Routes fund signs for some of these ruts of Ford County showing the loca­ and Trail sites. . President Janice Klein tion of Wstorica1 events and sites 3008 Anna Ave related to this anniversary obser­ Margaret Sears presented a copy Dodge City, KS 67801 vance. ofa four-state nationalad promot­ The fourth armual chapter tour ing the 175th anniversary that will The program was presented by was conducted on October 21, chapter member Nancy Trauer, appear in some national travel 1995, when 26 participantsvisited magaZines. Margaret expressed who showed a Videotape of the the eight campsites of the 1825 statewide events planned for the her concern that some Wstorica1 Santa Fe Trail survey team in errors appeared in the ad, but it 175th anniversary. Ted Mueller Pawriee, Edwards, and Ford coun­ was on hand with the chapter was probably too late to correct the ties, in addition to other Wstoric material. Nonetheless, members sWrts he created for the 175th An­ locations along the Wet Route. niversary for sale to members and were encouraged to write the four David and Rob Cross were recog­ state tourism directors. otherswho wishto purchasethem. nized for their donation of beef to Three postrock markers were re­ Fort Union National Monument serve the symposium meal. cently placed in Ford County. On Superintendent Harry Myers was The November 5, 1995, meeting January 17, 1996, the Wet/Dry the guest speaker on January 20. was at the Haun Museum in Jet­ Routes chapter, in cooperation He is chairman of the SFTA 175th more, KS. Special guests were pre­ with the DC/FD chapter, installed anniversary committee and sent from Hod~man, Ford, and bronze and stone markers at Fort brought the chapter up to date on Ness counties. Reports were given Mann, the Caches, and Point of events being planned. on the symposium, Booth grave Rocks. The next meeting will be March marking project, annual tour, Trail 175th Trail anniversary fever is 16, 1996, location to be an­ marking project, and photograpWc high in Dodge City. Under the di­ ,. i nounced. The guestspeaker willbe essay projectonthe Fort Hays-Fort rection ofDaVid Kloppenborg, Boot Ruth Holmes, a friend of Arrow Dodge Road. Hill Museum curator, anoutstand­ Rock, MO, whose topic is "Reflec­ The winter meeting, January 14, ing program of events has been • tions on Arrow Rock, Then and 1996, was at the city hall in Kin­ planned for the weekend of July Now." sley, KS. Items of business in­ 4-7, 1996. David has also designed A field trip isbeingplanned for May cluded a report on the marking a Dodge City button (lapel pin type) 18. For more information on these projectand a vote to serve a chuck­ especially for the 175th in Dodge two meetings call 'Louann Jordan wagon meal at Rendezvous 1996. City. This year is also the 5th an­ at (505) 983-2994. Officers elected for 1996 are Presi- niversary of the DC/ FD chapter.

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Missouri River Outfitters County-Wayne Smith and Ralph the authenticated Indian drawings President Anne Carter Hathaway, chairpersons, Barton which form the borders of this 964NW 600 County-Bob Button and Cleat map. The dimensions are approxi­ Centerview, MO 64019 Walters, chairpersons; education mately 28112 by 44 inches. I am (816) 230-7228 and program committee, Betty looking for a supplier of this map The chapter will meet on Sunday Romero, chairperson; 175th anni­ or Mr. Van Arsdale with the idea afternoon, February 18, at the Na­ versary committee, Linda Colle, that this informative map might be tional Frontier Trails Center in In­ chairperson; and nominatingcom­ reprinted. Does anyone know dependence, MO. Pat Short will mittee, Wayne Smith, chairperson. about this? Any help will be appre­ present a lecture on Jabez Smith, On January 23 the board of di­ ciated. a local banker and merchant in­ rectors met to discuss upcoming Les Vllda volved in the Santa Fe trade. activities, especially the Boy Scout RR 2 Box 13 On April 20 the chapter is spon­ Camporee tobe held the first week­ Wilber NE 68465 soring an all-day Santa Fe Trail end in May. There could be up to • • • • • Trek led by Pauline and Eric 1,000 boys participating in this I am producing a self-guided Fowler. Participants will board the event. audio tour tape on the New Mexico bus in Independence and ride to The chapter's annual meeting is portion of the Santa Fe Trail (see Fort Osage in eastern Jackson scheduled for February 4, at the article in this issue). Ifyou know of County where the tour will begin. Ranch House Restaurant in Lyons. any stories or anyone who has Following the route of William A speakerfrom the Kansas Depart­ unique stories of the Trail in New Becknell to points westward into ment for the Humanities will pro­ Mexico and they would donate Kansas, the tour will make fre­ vide the program. The nextmeeting them to this project, please contact quent stops at historic sites. For is tentatively scheduled for April me. Thank you. further information or to reserve 13, 1996, at Lost Spring. More de­ Maggie Greenwood your seat, contact Jane Mallinson tails on this will be announced PO Box 981 (816) 461-2454 or Anne Carter later. Angel Fire NM 87710 (816) 230-7228. A membership meeting will be held during the Cottonwood Crossing • • • • • lunch break. President John Dick I am preparing a book-length POBox 103 Members ofthe MRO will partici­ manuscript on the New Mexican Goessel, KS 67053 studentswho studied inthe United pate in a living-history encamp­ No report. ment and demonstrations on June States (see list in last issue). The 8 and 9 at the National Frontier Bent's Fort purpose ofmy research, extending Trails Center in Independence, President Earl Casteel over the past three years, is to see MO. The regular membership 5666 S 106Rd what effect, ifany, the education in meeting will be held at 10:00 am Alamosa, CO 81101 St. Louis had on the future pros­ on the 8th. After adjournment (719) 589-2061 pects of the various students. I members may enjoy visiting the The annual meeting on January would appreciate any input from Bingham-Waggoner House, the 27, 1996, at Bent's Fort Inn, Las relatives or acquaintances of the Trails Center, and the encamp­ Animas, CO, was attented by 48 various students so that I can pro­ ments. members and guests. In addition vide comprehensive and accurate to the usual business and commit­ biographies of each one. Anyone Quivira tee reports, awards were presented with information, or equallyimpor­ President Linda Colle and new officers elected. The tant, photographs from the proper 724 Penn Drive awards were for a variety of serv­ time perioos, of the various stu­ McPherson, KS 67460 ices to the chapter. The recipients dents would be deeply appreciated (316) 241-8719 were Craig Moore, Bob Jones, Lolly and acknowledged in my final The chapter sponsored a car Ming, Don and Katherine Berg, work. caravan tour for teachers and Trail Fort Union National Monument, John B. Colligan buffs ori~ating at the Coronado Jamie Kingsbury, Teresa Kester­ 2930 Fairway Dr Quivira Museum in Lyons, KS. The son, Dale Kesterson, Nancy Las Cruces NM 88011 group traveled to Pawnee Rock and Robertson, Connie Casteel, Palmer traced the Trail back to the east • • • • • Construction, and Earl Casteel. We are looking for any informa­ through Barton and Rice counties. The officers for 1996 are President A highlight ofthe tour was an un­ tion regarding King's Ferry Cross­ Earl Casteel, Vice-President Phil ing, where the Trail crossed the scheduled visit to the Jarvis Creek Petersen, Secretary Connie area, led by Lil Swick, tour partici­ Arkansas River west of Bent's Fort Casteel, and Treasurer Sue Pe­ at La Junta, CO, for an interpretive pant and land owner. We hope to tersen. have a more organized teacher's sign. Our informaitonation is lim­ in-service day this spring. ited and at a standstill. Any infor­ I~--.;;H~E;;,;;;;L;,;..P.,;.;W;,,;,,;A;.;,,;;N,,;.;TE~D~_I mation about King's Ferry Cross­ At the October 29, 1995, meeting ing will be greatly appreciated. , several committees were formed to Several years ago while traveling Thank you. increase efficiency and communi­ in Colorado I purchased a large Earl Casteel, President cationbothwithin our chapter and hand-drawn and hand-written Bent's Fort Chapter the SFTA. Theseincluded: marking map entitled "A Map-History ofthe , American Indian Tribes," by Perry 5666 S 106 Rd and mapping committee, Britt Alamosa CO 81101 Colle, chairperson; maintenance C. VanArsdale. This is the second and preservation committee, edition, published in 1972 and • • • • • McPherson County-John Martin dedicated to the memory of I am seeking information about and Britt Colle, chairpersons, Rice Wounded Swallow (Sioux) who did Thomas T. Hagan, who died Janu-

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ary 12, 1865. at Fort Larned, Kan­ ofany of the various state histori­ NMS7747 sas. A record ofhis death appears cal journals. it would be of enor­ Ruth & Lyle Taylor, 701 Clinton Ave E, in an old family Bible. We have in mous help. We want YOU to be­ Huntsville AL 35801 our possessiona bullet which sup­ come a contributor to this signifi­ Sidney Warner Family, PO Box 309, Ci­ posedly caused his death. We also cant effort. marron KS 67835 have a Bill of Sale of a black mule Here is what is needed: (1) for $200 from Fort Union. dated Author, (2) Title ofbook, magazine, Dick Anderson, PO Box 488, La Veta CO December 10. 1864, signed "T.S journal, or newspaper article (vol­ 81055 Hagen." Despite the spelling. I am ume, number, issue, pages (in­ Mary J. Bates, 2582 Camino Chueco, wondering if he is not Thomas T. cluding number of pages in a Santa Fe NM 87505 Hagan. The 1850 U.S. Census lists book), series (ifany), publisherand Dennis Beeson, 6525 Crabtree, San Diego a Thomas Hagan (age 18 years, year (or copyright year). (3) a sen­ CA 92114 born in Kentucky) living with John tence or two (no more) describ~ Senator Jeff Bingaman, 119 E Marcy St, Raymond Haganand RosellaWise­ the material's relevance to the Trail Santa Fe NM 87501 man Hagan (my great-grandpar­ (Camino Real or Santa Fe Trail), Marian Cornish, 3818 Duquesne Lane, ents) inCaldwellCounty, Missouri. with mention ofthe specific year (if Pasadena TX 77505 My goal is to determine how Tho­ not already included in the title) or Dorothy DiChellis, 41 00 SW Edmunds mas Hagan fits into my family line span of years. In this abstract #218, Seattle WA 98116 and as much as possible about his Doug Dinwiddie, 1500 University Dr please includeseveral names men­ NMSU-C,CarlsOOd NM 88220 life and untimely death. I have no tioned therein (people. place information that he served in the Senator Pete Domenici, 120 S Federal names, Indian tribes, massacres, Place #302, Santa Fe NM 87501 military, but I wonder if he may deaths, etc.). This information will have been employed by a mail con~ Doris M. Drury, 10879 E Powers Dr, Engle­ be used for the keywords. Take a wood CO 80111 If tractor or a freighting company. look at any annotated bibliog­ Joanne Eggenhofer, RR 9 Box 16 R, Santa anyone can provide any documen­ raphy. We thank you for any infor­ FeNM 87505 tation about Thomas T. Hagan, I mation provided. Nora Mae Foster, PO Box248, Satanta KS will be most appreciative. Mary Jean Cook 67870 Raymond Donald Hagan PO Box 2676 Barbara Frisbie, 2745 Oro Blanco Dr, Colo­ 1056 Honeysuckle Dr Santa Fe NM 87504 rado Springs CO 80917 San Marcos CA 92069 Tillman Hershberger, 233 S Hess, Hesston • •• • • II.....";N;",;,,;E~W.;..S,,;;,,;F_T,;,,,;A_M;.;;,;E~M,;;.B;;.;ER....;,,;s_1 KS 67062 The HistoricalSociety ofJackson Doug Holdread, PO Box 293, Cokedale CO County, Missouri, is sponsoring This list includes new member­ 81032 ships received since the last issue. Karla Homan, PO Box 102, Claflin KS the creation ofan illustrated book 67525 on the historical Santa Fe Trail. I Those received after this printing will appear in the next issue. If Tom Huggins, 1002 Rainbow, Salina KS have beenasked to gather material 67401 for thepublication. I am hopingthe there is an error in this informa­ tion, please send corrections to the Duane A. lies, PO Box 98, Blue Rapids KS Santa FeTrailAssociation will be a 66411 source ofarchival material. Speci­ editor. We thank you for your sup­ port. Kiku Kato, 1557 Avenida de las Americas, fically, I am interested in Trail-re­ Santa Fe NM 87505 lated images (photographs, maps, Sonie Liebler, 9720 lakeland Terr, Okla­ paintings, etc.) whicb members of Cimarron National Grassland, U.S. Forest homa City OK 73162 theAssociation mightown or know Service, PO Box300, Elkhart KS 67950 Larry Linscott, 930 Alabama, Canon City about. EBSCO Industries, Magazines Division, CO 81212 Also. I would like to hear from PO Box 1943, Birmingham AL 35201 Dr. Joseph F. MeanyJr., 693 NewScotland libraries, museums, and other in­ Haskell County Historical Society, PO Box Ave, Albany NY 12208 stitutions which serve as reposito­ 101, Sublette KS 67877 Bonnaye V. Mims, 10400 Sycamore, Kan­ ries for pictorial material about the Kiowa National Grassland, U.S. Forest sas City MO 64134 Trail. I would also like permission Service, 714 Main St, Clayton NM Leon OsOOn,2504 N Meade Ave, Colorado to use these materials. Thank you 88415 Springs CO 80907 for your assistance. Charlie Pepper, 333 Seaspray Ave, Palm Jami Parkison Beach FL 33480 John & Joyce Bussian, 21419 Fairfield Dorothy Ragain, 609 Crestview Dr, Junc­ Juxtapose Photo/Prose Lane, Boca Raton FL 33486 tion City KS 66441 7337 Terrace St Keith & Joyce Chadd, 2707 Maralane, Congressman Bill Richardson, c/o Re­ Kansas City MO 64114 Dodge City KS 67801 becca Montoya, PO Box 1805, Las • • • • • Richard & Marie Greene, PO Box 483, Vegas NM 87701 The Camino Real-Santa Fe Trail Angel Fire NM 87710 Louise B. Smith, 299 Beach Rd N, Wilming­ Database committee (comprised of Neal & Mary Nell Holden, 1301 W 113thSt, ton NC28405 Jenks OK 74037 Lotte G. Swartz, 3091 Plaza Blanca, Santa Michael Olsen, Gabrielle Palmer. Mike & Janet Kimball, PO Box505, Ulysses FeNM 87505 • Marc Simmons. and myself as ,i KS 67880 Terri Tiehen, 3729 S Ensenada St, Aurora • chair) needs help from many peo­ Frances, Levine, & Tom Merlan, 1677 CO 80013 ple. Ifyou have created a database Cerro Gordo Rd, Santa Fe NM 87501 Brantley Unruh, RR 2 Box 98, Galva KS or a bibliography that you believe Jim & Marilyn Peterson, 11902 W 143rd 67443 should be included, please send it Ter, Olathe KS 66062 D. A. Webb, 2421 Sixth Ave, Dodge City tome attheaddressbelow. A print­ Michael & Mary Ellen Redman, 704 LaJoya KS 67801 out will allow thecross-checkingof St, Espanola NM 87532 Clara L Wingfield, 819 East Ave So, Lyons computer entries already made Oliver Lee & Natalie Russell, RR 8 Box KS 67554 and the updating of edition infor­ 36-2, Amarillo TX 79118 Lisa York, 14087 E Stanford Ct mation. Ifyou hold a bibliography Michael & JuliaTaylor, PO Box 8, Springer #1 08,Aurora CO 80015

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I~_T,;,,;,R,;;.A_IL;.,,;C;,;.A_L Hills Chapter meeting, Rapp Aug. 3. 1996: Bent's Fort Chapter __EN...... D_A_R_.....I School, Osage County. (316) 767­ tour to Russell graves, Stonewall, Everyone is invited to send notices 5826. CO. for this section; provide location, April 27. 1996: Mahaflle Farm­ Aug. 3-4. 1996: Third Annual Old date(s), time(s), and activity. stead & Stagecoach Stop Historic West Frontier Celebration and Events scheduled as part of the Site, Olathe, KS, Mahaflle Herb Rendezvous, Pomona State Park, 175th anniversary celebration are Market, 9:00 am to noon. (913) Vassar, KS. Contact Jeff Bender located in a specialcalendarinthis 782-6972. (913) 828-4933. I issue. Remember this is a quar­ April 27-28. 1996: BCCC Travel­ Aug. 10-11. 1996: U.S. Dragoons terly. The next issue should appear ing Seminar, "Council Grove, Ren­ living-history program, Melvern in May, so send information for dezvous on the Trail." (800) 748­ Lake, Melvern, KS. Contact Ken JuneandlatertoarrivebyApril 20, 7594. Wilk (913) 549-3318. 1996. Thank you. May 4. 1996: Bent's Fort Chapter Aug. 14-18. 1996: OCTA annual Feb. 18. 1996: Missouri River Out­ meeting at Sand Creek site near convention, Elko, NV. fitters Chapter meeting, National Chivington, CO. Aug. 18. 1996: Corazon de los Frontier Trails Center, Inde­ May 11-12. 1996: BCCC Traveling Caminos Chapter meeting, Pointof pendence, MO. Seminar, "The Bents and Cheyen­ Rocks, NM. (505) 666-2262. Feb. 24. 1996: Cimarron Cutoff nes, Tragedy and Travesty." (800) Aug. 24-25. 1996: Fur Trade in Chapter meeting, Mexhoma 748-7594. America living-history program, Church, 6:00 p.m. May 16. 1996: Friends of the Na­ Pomona Lake, Vassar, KS. Contact Mar. 9-12. 1996: 13th National tional Frontier Trails Center, Ind­ Brad Cox (913) 453-2201 Trails Symposium, Bethesda, MD. pendence, MO, programbyFrancie Aug. 3O-Sept. 1. 1996: Bean Day, Contact Skye Ridley (303) 321­ R. Wolff, "The Spirit of Pioneer Wagon Mound, NM. 6606. Women." (816) 325-7577. Sept. 6. 1996: Mahaffie Farmstead Mar. 16. 1996: End of the Trail May 18. 1996: End of the Trail & Stagecoach Stop Historic Site, Chapter meeting. (505) 983-2994. Chapter tour. (505) 983-2994. Olathe, KS, Senior Citizen's Day, Mar. 17. 1996: Corazon de los May 18. 1996: Bent'sFortChapter 9:30-11:00 am. (913) 782- 6972. Caminos Chapter meeting, Wagon work day at Timpas. ~pt. 14. 1996: Back to Boggsville, Mound, program by Patti Olsen, May 19. 1996: Corazon de los BoggsvUle, CO. "Teaching the Santa Fe Trail." Caminos Chapter meeting, Anton (505) 666-2262. Sept. 15. 1996: Corazon de los Chico. (505) 666-2262. Caminos Chapter meeting, Galle­ Mar. 21. 1996: Friends of the Na­ June 1. 1996: National Trails Day. gos. (505) 666-2262. tional Frontier Trails Center, Inde­ Contact American ~ing Society Oct. 12. 1996: Mahaffie Farm­ pendence, MO, program on west­ (301) 565-6704. ward migration. (816) 325-7577. stead & Stagecoach Stop Historic June 7-9. 1996: BCCC Traveling Site, Olathe, KS, Autumn Faire & April 11. 1996: Wagonbed,Spring Seminar, "Adobe Walls and Palo Pumpkin Sale, 10:00 am to 3:00 Chapter meeting, Hugoton, KS. Duro Canyon." (800) 748-7594. pm. (913) 782-6972. April 14. 1996: Wet/Dry Routes June 15-16. 1996: Bent's Fort Oct. 20. 1996: Corazon de los Chapter meeting, Quivira Wildlife Chapter tour of Granada-Fort Un­ Caminos Chapter meeting, Ocate. Refuge. (316) 285-3295. ion Military Road. (505) 666-2262. April 20. 1996: Missouri River June 22-23. 1996: Buffalo Sol­ Sept. 24-28. 1997: SFTA Sympo­ Outfitters Chapter tour. (816) 230­ diers liVing-history program, Mel­ sium, Boise City, OK, Elkhart, KS, 7228. vern Lake, Melvern, KS. Contact and Clayton, NM. Contact Dave April 21. 1996: Corazon de los Ken Wilk (913) 549-3318. Hutchison, HCR 1 Box 35, Boise Caminos Chapter meeting, Las July 21. 1996: Corazon de los City OK 73933. Vegas. (505) 666-2262. Caminos Chapter meeting, Angel Happy Trails! April 25. 1996: Heart of the Flint Fire. (505) 666-2262. -Leo E. Oliva

WAGON TRACKS NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION Santa Fe Trail Association c u,s. w PO Box 31 Ii POSTAGE ~ w PAID Woodston, KS 67675 a: 0.. PERMITNO.2 WOODSTON, KS 87875 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED FORWARDING POSTAGE GUARANTEED

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28 Wagon Tracks February 1996 https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol10/iss2/1 28