Wagon Tracks Volume 25 Issue 1 Wagon Tracks Volume 25, Issue 1 (November Article 1 2010)
2011 Wagon Tracks. Volume 25, Issue 1 (November, 2010) Santa Fe Trail Association
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NTRA SANTA FE TRAIL'ASSOCIATION QUARTERLY
VOLUME 25 NOVEMBER 2010 NUMBER 1 chair of Trail preservation com~ SFTA SYMPOSIUM mittee, a~d the grand lady of the DODGE CITY, KANSAS SEPTEMBER 22·25, 2011 SFTA RALPH HATHAWAY MEMORIAL HERI SFTA AWARDS TAGE PRESERVATION AWARD Mary and Kerth Lundell ofSanta Fe, SFTA awards have been presented who have ruts running through at every symposium since 1986, and their back yard. They preserve this year awards were presented for these ruts and open their back the first time at the Rendezvous. yard to chapter field trips and to From now on awards will be given others interested in the Trail \ annually, at the symposium in odd MARC SIMMONS ~IUTINGAWARD number years and at the rendezvous Priscilla S. Gutierrez for "Out from I in even-numbered years. Also, some theShadow of Giants: The Life of new awards have been added, as Thomas Oliver Boggs," Wagon noted in previous issues. Nomina Tracks, 23 (May 2009): 7-14. . tions for the awards committee to consider are always welcome (send SFTA BOARD CHANGES '------_..._--' to Editor Leo Oliva). The 2010 THE untimely death of Association awards are listed below. Congratula Manager Harry Myers has led to 1~_...;H;.;;;;A~R;.;.;,;R~y_c_._MY_E_R_S _I tions to all. changes on the governing board. Tribute by Mike Olsen AWARD OF MERIT President Joanne VanCoevern re Kansas Daughters of the American Harry C. Myers, SFTA Associa signed that office to become the new Revolution (KSDAR) for Santa Fe association manager. Vice-President. tion Manager since 2007, died sud Trail marker restoration project denly of heart failure in Santa Fe on Roger Slusher became .president, (funded in part with grant from and Mike Olsen was selected by the August 31, 2010. He was interred at SFTA). the Santa Fe National Cemetery. board to serve as vice-president. Bent's Fort Chapter for tours of his Olsen's vacancy as Colorado director Harry was born June 6, 1950, in toric Trail sites and an outstand was filled by Rod Pods:luS of Colo Pontiac, Illinois. He served in the ing chapter newsletter. rado Springs. Rene Harris resigned United States Army from 1969 to Cimarron Heritage Center Museum, as New Mexico director, and the 1972 and was a veteran of the Viet Boise City OK, for Trail exhibits board selected Faye Gaines to com nam War. Mter discharge from the and outstanding museum com plete her term. The willingness of Army, he received a B. A from West-' plex. everyone to step forward to fill these ern Illinois University. He began his Morton County History Museum, positions makes for a smooth transi career with the National Park Serv Elkhart KS, for Trail exhibits and tion of leadership. The SFTA lives ice in the mid-1970s and over the outstanding museum complex. on! years was on the staff at Fort Scott. PAUL F. BENTRUP AMBASSADOR RENDEZVOUS REVIEW (Kansas) National Historic Site, AWARD Perry's Victory and International Steve Schmidt, former member of RENDEZVOUS 2010, the biennial Peace Memorial (Ohio), and Fort Un SFTA board, president of Cotton conference sponsored by SFTA, San ion National Monument (New Mex wood Crossing Chapter, research ta Fe Trail Center, and Fort Larned ico), on the Santa Fe Trail, where he and publication ofLost Spring his NHS, was another successful pro was superintendent. He spent his tory, and leadership in rededica gram, a combination of tributes to last few years with the NPS at the • tion of Lost Spring markers. Harry Myers and outstanding pres National Trails Intermountain Re-. LOUISE BARRY WRITING AWARD entations by a variety of speakers gional Office in Santa Fe, where he WilliamY. Chalfant for Hancock's looking at many face.ts of the theme, was instrumental in the creation of • • War:" Conflict on the' Southern "Communication on the Santa, Fe the EI Camino Real de Tierra Aden- . Plains (Norman: Arthur H. Clark Trail." Special thanks to Ruth Olson tro National Historic Trail and in the Co., 2010) Peters and all who. planned and study for a Long Walk National His-' GREGORY M. FRANZWA MEMORIAL made it possible, including a grant toric Trail. He retired. from. the NPS LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD from the Kansas Humanities Coun in 2007, when he became Association Faye Gaines, Point of Rocks Ranch, cil, and thanks to all who partj., Manager for the SFTA- " New Mexico, SFTA board mem- pated. Now we look forward to th,' (continued on page 5) ber, former chapter president, symposium in Dodge City in 2011.
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PRESIDENT'S COLUMN All matters relating to Wagon WAGON TRACKS (ISSN 1547-7703) fi~st Tracks should be directed to SFTA is the official publication of the Santa As your new president, I want Editor Leo E. Oliva, PQ Bo?, 31, . Fe Trail Association, a nonprofit or to say that the passing of Harry My Woodston KS67675. . ganization incorporated· under the ers' was a great shock to me, as I'm Toll-free Phone: 888-321-7341 laws of the State of Colorado. Letters sure it was to ,you:lnJune, Sandy '. FAX: 785-425-6865 .and articles are welcome, but they ~ndI E-Mail: <~ditor@santafetrai(6rg> become the property of WT and may went to Cimarron, NM, for the . . . be edited or abridged at the editor's dedication bftheir new Trail-related Headquarters of the Santa Fe Trail discretion. All rights reserved. An park. We met with the Corazon . Association are located at the office nual 'subscriptions are obtained Chapter and went to the dedication of Treasurer Ruth Olson Peters, through membership in SFTA; dues Santa Fe Trail Center, 1349 K-156 with them. Then Harry gave us a are set per calendar year. Checks Hwy, Larned KS 67550; Office Man should be made payable to the Santa great tour of Trail sites in the area. ager Linda Revello. Fe Trail Association and sent to the As usual he had tons of jokes and in Telephone: 620-285-2054 treasurer (address below). formation. I would never. have. FAX: 620-285-7491 Membership Categories guessed that we would never see him E-Mail:
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increase considerably. Whistleblow for a cheaper way to deliver our news Dodge and her wonderful tribute to er and document retention policies as and research materials, probably Harry, Michael Martin Murphy sang well as possibly others will have to be through the internet, at least par two songs relating to the Trail. He's addressed in the next year. No action tially. We may have to look at in always been' my .favorite cowboy was taken on those items, but commit creasing dues in the future, but we singer, and it's great that he's taking tees will have to prepare recommenda- will certainly have to continue trying an active interest in our efforts. tions. . to expand membership. Linda's com On Friday we had a series of great Next came reports from our 25 or mittee is looking at several ideas, in talks on this year's theme ofcommu so committees. The most extensive cluding better web site visibility and nicating along the Trail, but I have to came from Ruth on behalf of the other incentives for business mem admit I was blown away by the pas Budget Committee; the committee bers plus e-mail renewal notices to sion of Otis Halfmoon, a Nez Perce reported a balanced budget of all members. who serves'as a tribal liaison with $224,987 for 2011 with $147,100 of Rod Podszus of the Publica the NPS. His insights into how the income coming from the National tionslWebsite Committee discussed American Indians viewed westward Park Service. After some discussion, the job description and hiring pro expansion convinced me that next the budget was adopted. For the Fi cess that will be used in securing a year's Rendezvous should feature nance Subcommittee of the Budget new editor for Wagon Tracks after their role in the Trail story. Ofcourse f Committee, Rich Lawson recom Leo Oliva retires next August. He that is up to the planning committee, mended 'a standard accounting pro also presented a description. of the but I'm sure it will· be discussed gram to be used for all SFTA sympo new editorial board that will be cre when Otis, Joanne, and I meet with siums; the Manager will work with ated to aid the new editor. Rod and tribal representatives for the second the Symposium Committee. to de Larry Justice are working on a new Tribal Listening Session in Okla velop such a program in time to be Association brochure for next year. homa City on November 4. used for the 2011 Symposium in For the NPS, Aaron Mahr Yanez, Friday evening we had a wonder Dodge City. Sharon Brown, Otis Halfmoon, and ful dinner and experience as Faye For the Education Committee, Susan Coyle reviewed the status of Gaines told of hedife along the Trail Marcia Fox, our excellent Secretary the various programs they provide at Point of Rocks Ranch. She and who keeps great notes, and Chris for the Association. Those include several other very deserving folks re Day reported substantial progress the Challenge Cost Share program, ceived awards which should be de on our Junior Wagon Master pro the signage program, the Tribal Lis scribed elsewhere in this issue. We gram. They also plan another Trail tening Sessions, the Rediscovery also inducted William H. Russell, trek for students in June, have been program, and several others. Al William Bradford Waddell, and Al working on improved relations with though the Challenge Cost Share exander Majors of Russell, Majors college programs (where Larry Jus program is not in the federal budget and Waddell, plus Catherine (Katie) tice will be of great help), and will be so far, they hope it will be restored or Bowen and her husband Isaac updatIng chapter trunks after they that other funds can be used to en Bowen into the Santa Fe Trail Hall are inventoried by the chapters and courage such projects. of Fame. requests for replacements and/or ad For Ross Marshall's Trails Part Saturday was another day of great ditions are received. nership report, Joaime said that programs plus the membership Phyllis Morgan' of the .Fund SFTA members contributed a total of meeting. As usual, Joanne and oth ing/Special Appeals Committee re 54,000 hours last year; coupled with ers basically covered what was done ported that $3,777 had been raised mileage and dollar donations, we at the Board meeting on Thursday. in the appeal for the Hall of Fame contributed $1,400,000 to support However, this year's meeting was a with some of that to be matched by ing the Santa Fe National Historic little more dramatic as neaf the end the Last Chance Store. Rich Lawson Trail. There were several other brief Joanne announced her resignation moved that the Harry Myers Memo reports, but I think these were the and explained the change in roles de rial Fund be contributed to the Hall main ones with new information. scribed above; that probably took of Fame where Harry can be recog Those reports were followed by some folks by surprise, but I've re nized as part of the exhibit and web chapter reports which you can see ceived no complaints and many sup version; the motion passed, and I later in this issue or in the chapter portive comments. Mike Olsen then urge you to contribute to the special newsletters. Joanne ended the Board narrated a moving PowerPoint trib appeal and the Harry Myers Memo meeting by reading part of a poem ti ute to Harry, featuring many candid rial; donations can be sent to the As tled "Santa Fe, Santa Fe" which she pictures of Harry being Harry. By sociation at the Trail Center or made felt described our friend Harry My that point I could imagine Harry say online through Last Chance Store. ers. ing something like "Who was this As for membership, Linda Colle I imagine most of the other events paragon of virtue? Enough already!" reported 682 members in all catego at the Rendezvous will be covered but it was richly deserved and Mike ries, a decrease of 4.3% which really elsewhere in this issue, but I do want did a fine job under difficult circum isn't too bad considering the econ to mention a few otherhighlights, at stances. omy. However, the bottom line is least for me. At Thursday evening's Saturday afternoon brought more that membership dues only pay for dinner and program, which featured celebration of the Trail as we moved Wagon Tracks as presently deliv Joanne reading some touching let our activities from the Trail and ered, so we're going to have to look ters from a military wife at Fort Community Centers to Fort Larned.
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George Elinore and the staffthere al On Saturday many of the partici projects aimed at the future. ways do a fine job of hosting our pants traveled to Larned where we The results of the SFTA Board events. There were more great talks, toured the Fort and the Trail Center, actions are as follows: I resigned as tours, "mudwagon" rides, displays of a nice bonus since we didn't have your president; Roger Slusher moved horse-drawn vehicles, and a great time to tour much of them during up from vice-president to president; meal topped off with Leo'stiveting Rendezvous.. Mike Olsen is now vice-president, impersonation of Private Robert Sunday, on our way home, we leaving his seat as Colorado repre Morris Peck. Using quotes from his stopped at Baldwin City where I sentative, to which Rod Podszus, detailed diaries and memoirs, Leo portrayed James Aull for a Douglas Bent's Fort Chapter, was appointed made it easy for us to imagine that County Chapter meeting. Chapter to finish out the term. In addition, a Peck was really there to describe his president Roger Boyd and his large recent resignation from the Board by days of guarding mail on the Trail. group met at the log house near the Rene Harris left a vacancy for a rep Unfortunately, most folks had to impressive swales above Black Jack resentative from New Mexico, and hit the Trail on Sunday, but a few of Creek where John Brown defeated Faye Gaines was appointed to that us were lucky enough to be able to some Missouri bushwhackers. That position for the remainder of the stay to experience David Clapsad was the end of my adventures along term. The SFTA Board approved hir dle's wonderful tour ofthe Dry Route the Trail so far this fall. ing me as your new Manager. My du from Larned to Dodge City. There's -Roger Slusher ties officially began September 18, no question in my mind that local MANAGER'S COLUMN although I had been performing guided tours are one ofthe best ways those duties since Harry's death. to bring the Trail to life, and I'm glad "President to Manager: Farewell and Hello" . Being President of SFTA was a that so many chapters have them wonderful experience for me. One of regularly in addition to those at na AUGUST 31, 2010, will long be re my goals was to help the Association tional gatherings; for example, membered for loss and changes in get "organized" in such a way that fu Bellt's Fort Chapter has had some the Santa Fe Trail Association. That ture leadership could step in and great ones rec~ntly. Many thanks is the day our Association Manager SFTA wouldn't skip a beat. With the are due to the Trail Center, Fort Harry C. Myers died suddenly, and help of some great people, we were Larned NHS, and the Wet/Dry the news left us in a state of shock. able to develop a "policy and proce Chapter for another great Rendez Harry will long be remembered as dures" manual, as well as to digitize vous.. one ofthe most knowledgeable histo all the minutes of SFTA Board and As I'm discovering, a president's rians on the Santa Fe Trail and the General Membership meetings. work and play are never done, so on history of the Southwest, and the Thanks to Mike Olsen for completing September 23 we drove to McPher loss of this man's knowledge, his this task and for taking on the job of son for a pleasant stay with Steve presentations, and his input on Parliamentarian. Numerous times, and Glenda Schmidt. Steve gave us a Trail-related matters leaves a large during meetings and discussions, we great tour ofthe Trail in the area bef hole in our Association. However, have deferred to Mike and his knowl ore I portrayed James Aull, Lexing more than the loss of his knowledge edge ofpast motions and procedures, ton outfitter and trader, for the Cot is the loss of a true Santa Fe Trail and these should be instrumental in tonwood Chapter in Galva. We then friend. His presence, his humor and helping the future leaders of SFTA. returned home to enjoy a five-course wit,. will long be missed at our meet- In addition, Mike has kept track of meal, complete with a glass of a dif mgs. Action Items that take place during ferent Missouri wine with each Even during this time of loss and the Board meetings and sends these course, during the Santa Fe Trail mourning, the SFTA's officers and in to be published in Wagon Tracks Food and Wine Festival at Lexing Board of Directors were faced with so that all members are made aware ton. It was a good thing that we only the difficult decision of how to go on of them. Another top priority of my had to drive two miles to get· home. with "life after Harry," especially presidency was to become more in Unfortunately, we had to get up the considering the important role he volved with the SFTA Chapters, to next morning to man a Trail booth played as Manager of the Associa increase the SFTA's presence at for the Festival, but we managed. tion. The Personnel Committee be their events, and to help them to un On September 30 we left for Okla gan to trade e-mails considering our derstand more about how the na homa to attend The Impact of the options, and by the time of the SFTA tional SFTA works and can provide Santa Fe Trail-A Symposium at the Board meeting, a recommendation assistanc~to them, as well as to have Woodward campus of Northwestern was ready to be. made. The result more input from the Chapters on Oklahoma State University. Larry means changes in manager, officers, their needs. During the past few Justice and the Department ofSocial and a board inember. But in the end, years, SFTA has made a great effort SFTA will continue strong as we Sciences presented a great program .. - . to have the president, vic.e-president, which featured scholars and stu move' forward. without Harry .and and manager visit the chapters. This dents. Joanne got some new mem with continued dedicated leadership. has 'led to a better relationship be bers with our booth, Leo and Bonita So, as we say farewell to Harry, we tween the Chapters and SFTA, and sold a lot of .books, plus Davy will say hello to' a new leadership has increased our communications. Mitchell and Clint Chambers were with 'adeslre to continue, and finish, Two other areas I felt were of the there to show that the Trail can even the' Illany:'projects he was inv.olved highest importance were Education with;' as well as beginning new SFT unite Oklahoma 'and Texas for a day., : : ;1': .' ,." .: '.' .:", '. .., . and Media. Many of the efforts in •. . . o'
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these two areas are just materializ Merit in 1993 for his discovery of the SFTA BOARD ACTIONS ing and will continue to be of the military diary of Don Pedro Ignacio by Mike Olsen highest priority. As I've reported Gallego, which chronicled Gallego~s previously in the President's column, fateful meeting in 1821 with William FOLLOWING are the action items SFTA has helped Chapters with Becknell and his party near present from the September 16, 2010, board Education Grants and the Education day La's Vegas, New Mexico. He, re meeting (this executive summary is Committee is continuing to work on ceived the Association's prestigious not official until the minutes are ap the Wagon Master program, with Rittenhouse Award for research, writ proved by the board). plans to upgrade the Education ing, and publication in 1997. He was It was moved, seconded, and Trunks, and the education page of named a SFTA Ambassador in 1999. passed: Harry also spearheaded the celebra our web site. Media has been an im tion of the 175th anniversary of the 1. That the SFTA Board adopts the portant part of discussions and task opening of the Santa Fe Trail, working recommendation of the Personnel forces and our hope is to expand our tirelessly from 1994 to 1997 develop Committee to hire Joanne VanCoev ern as SFTA interim manager to com efforts in those areas as well. ing publicity, linking with tourism plete the unexpired term of Harry My In my last conversation with groups, arranging conferences, and Harry, which took place during the designing various mementos such as ers for 2010 and for the following con tract year. Mter that year, continua morning of the day he died, we laid the 1997 calendar "Stories From The tion in the position will be subject to out the priorities for the next few Santa Fe Trail," now a collectors item. evaluation. ' months. As your new manager, I Harry's research and publications 2. That the SFTA Board accepts Jo plan to continue to work toward com on the Trail ran the gambit from pleting those goals which include: anne VanCoevern's resignation as tracing the obscure route of the co SFTA president at the end of the Sep design, create, and distribute the ta mancheros from Taos out onto the tember 18, 2010, SFTA General Mem bletop displays to the Chapters; con plains to following the routes of. bership Meeting. (SFTA bylaws state tinue work on the Kiosk project; many Mexican and American mili that the vice-president will' move to monitor progress and help with re tary expeditions along the Trail. He presidency in case ofa vacancy. There ports to NPS on the Challenge Cost shared his "on the ground" results fore no motion was necessary for Share projects in progress; imple through numerous articles in Wagon Roger Slusher to take the position of ment the web site upgrade; create a Tracks. He was perhaps proudest of president.) SFTA Facebook page; distribute the his detailed and revealing research 3. That Mike Olsen be appointed as Santa Fe Trail Placemats; evaluate into what is known as the "White SFTA vice-president. present NPS funding agreements for Massacre" in Colfax County, New 4. That Rod Podszus be appointed to 2010 and create a 2011 request; or Mexico, in October 1849 ("Massacre fill out Mike Olsen's term as a board ganize Membership 2021 Task Force on the Santa Fe Trail: Mr. White's member representing Colorado. Meeting; and continue to manage Company of Unfortunates," Wagon the day-to-day activities of the 5. That the proposed budget for 2011 Tracks, February 1992) be accepted. SFTA. Nearly every member ofthe Santa 6. That moneys contributed as a me I thank all of you for your support Fe Trail Association has a personal morial to Harry Myers be designated and help during my terms as Presi memory of Harry and a good story for the SFTA Hall of Fame Interactive dent and I look forward to working , .' about him. He was more than gener Exhibit unless the donor specifies dif with you in my new capaCIty as your ous with his time and his knowledge ferently. Manager. -Joanne VanCoevern of the Trail. He loved and lived the 7. That the Association Manager es HARRY MYERS history and people of the Santa Fe tablish a Facebook page. Trail. (continued from page 1) BOWENS AND RUSSELL, MA The history and heritage of the, Donations in memory of Harry Santa Fe Trail was at the center of Myers may be sent to SFTA, 1349 K JORS & WADDELL INDUCTED Harry's professional life and his re 156 Hwy, Larned KS 67550. Unless INTO HALL OF FAME search and writing. He was instru otherwise requested, all the memo AT the 2010 Rendezvous on Sep mental in the creation of the Santa rial contributions for Harry will be tember 17 five new members (two as Fe National Historic Trail and the placed in the Hall of Fame Exhibit a couple) were inducted into the development of the SFNHT Manage fund. As noted elsewhere in this is Santa Fe Trail Hall of Fame. ment and Use Policy. He was one of sue, the family has donated Harry's map and book collection to SFTA, Bonita Oliva nominated Cather the cofounders of the Corazon de los ine (Katie) Bowen and her husband ~., and plans are to place these materi Caminos Chapter of the SFTA in Isaac Bowen. 1990. He organized several confer als in a special collection in his honor Katie Bowen traveled down the ences relating to the Santa Fe Trail, at the Santa Fe Trail Center, avail Tra.il in 1851 with Captain Bowen at New Mexico Highlands Univer able to researchers. from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Un sity, including, in 1990, "Zia to Wag ion. During that journey and her onwheel: New Mexicans and the YOUR MEMORY CAN LIVE ON. Santa Fe Trade." REMEMBER THE four-year stay, she regularly wrote SANTA FE TRAIL ASSOCIATION letters to her family in Maine de Harry was the recipient of just IN YOUR WILL TO JOIN THE scribing Army life, her surround about every award the SFTA has to JOSIAH GREGG SOCIETY ings, and her often philosophical and bestow. He received an A,ward of humorous insights which reflected
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her pure joy of living.G;iven the bre managed the offices in Lexington; women who traveled the Trail. Any vet rank of captain for meritorious Leavenworth, and later in Nebraska one interested in speaking/present conduct during the Battle of Buena City. Depending on the account ac ing on any of these topics is welcome Vista, in 1850 Bowen was promoted cepted, the firm hired 1,700 men and and encouraged to apply. to captain in the Commissary of Sub used 7,500 to 40,000 oxen to pull 500 Thursday, September 22: While the sistence Department. In 1851 he was to 3,500 wagons in at least 20 wag SFTA Board is meeting, there will be selected to serve as Chief Commis onstrains. time for you to tour Dodge City, visit sary Officer of the Ninth Military In 1857, soon after dispatching Boot Hill Museum, discover the Kan District· (New Mexico Territory). their regular shipments,. the army sas Heritage Center, and explore our Over 700 of Katie's letters survive, asked the company to transport an community. The opening reception is and they remain a significant source additional three million pounds of scheduled at Fort Dodge where you of information about life in the.fron supplies to support their efforts to will be able to tour the Superinten tier army and on the Santa Fe Trail. conquer the Mormons in Utah. Since dent's Quarters ("Custer House," yes, Roger Slusher nominated William they relied on oral promises and the Custer did camp here) and enjoy a real H. Russell, Alexander Majors, and war went badly, they were never buffalo hunters camp serving up won William Bradford Waddell. paid. In 1858 they took on another derful buffalo meat dishes along with side dishes which would have been two-year contract, but funds for that Russell, who was born in Vermont served during that period. in 1812, started working for the Aull fell short by $300,000. Russell sug brothers of Lexington, MO,·in 1830. gested to Secretary of War Floyd Friday, September 23:' Morning Mter opening his own retail store that he write letters of credit, but speaker sessions will. be held in our p'artner~ then Russell started a separate new Convention/Special Events Cen with two in 1838, he be· ter. Bus tours leave at noon to explore came treasurer of Lafayette County freighting .company and lost Santa Fe Trail Sites in our area from and Postmaster. of Lexington. In $200,000 while Majors was strug Cimarron to Fort Dodge to WetlDry 1847 he joined with E.C. McCarty of gling to set up new bases in. Ne routes to name a few. Those not going Westport in sending the first civilian braska City apd Westport, as re on tours will befree to tour Boot Hill wagon train to Santa Fe from that quired by the new contract. Museum and the Kansas Heritage city. He was too much of an aristo At the urging ofRussell, the group Center on your own. The evening bash crat to make the journey, but he started a risky stage line to Califor will take place at Boot Hill Museum helped organize it and repeated the niaand then the Pony Express in with dinner and excellent entertain effort in 1848. 1860, hoping to get the mail contract ment. The next year, with the help of to the West, but that hope .was Saturday, September 24: More conservative. Lexington wholesaler dashed as their credit and reputa speakers in the morning with bus and retailer William Bradford Wad tion collapsed. Majors and Russell tours in the afternoon. This afternoon dell, who was born in Virginia in died in poverty, but Waddell had a we are also planning a rededication 1807, he joined with James Brown of comfortable retirement in his Lex ceremony for the signs and informa Independence and silent partner ington mansion which he had sold to tional enhancements made at the Boot Robert Aull to ship 600,000 pounds his son for one dollar. Hill Museum SFT Rut Site west of of emergency supplies from· Fort The best accounts of the Dodge City. Those not on tours will be Leavenworth to Santa Fe for the freighting by Russell, Majors and able to tour Boot Hill Museum and the army. In 1851 the firm, now called Waddellare in the two books written Kansas Heritage Center on your own. The evening Awards Banquet will be Russell and Waddell, delivered by Raymond and Mary Settle called goods to Fort Riley and Fort Union. held in our new Convention/Special Empire. on Wheels (Stanford Uni Events Center with some special ac However, competition was stiff versity Press, 1949) and War Drums tivities being planned. and Wagon Wheels (University of from Alexander·Majors bf Kansas Sunday, September 25: You will en Nebraska Press, 1966). City. Born in Kentucky in 1814, he joy a farewell "Trail fare" breakfast had grown up in Lafayette County 2011 SYMPOSIUM and short service at the Boot Hill Mu before moving to Jackson County to seum SFT Rut Site. farm. He took his first train of goods DODGE CITY, KANSAS to Santa Fe in 1848. He was a very SEPTEMBER 22-25, 2011 Registration and housing information will be coming to you in religious man who was well re "FORTS MANN, ATKINSON AND DODGE: \ the February issue of Wagon Tracks, spected for his fairness and organi HALFWAY ON THE SANTA FE TRAIL" so be sure to mark September 22-25, zation. These qualities and talents by Jim Sherer, Coordinator 2011, on your calendar and plan to were joined to the financial conser THE Dodge City/Fort· Dodge/Ci travel the Trail to Dodge City as we vatism and promotional abilities of marron Chapter of SFTA invites you celebrate 190 years of the Santa Fe Waddell and Russell when the three to our 2011 Symposium in Dodge men joined in 1854 to win the unified Trail, 150 years of our Kansas City. As our theme suggests, we will Statehood, and the 25th anniversary contract to supply all military posts be highlighting the military life and in the West. of the Santa Fe Trail Association. presence in this area along with the. See you in Dodge City! . The company soon became known Indian tribes who resided in this re as Russell, Majors & Waddell. Ma gion. Other areas of specific interest jors supervised all of the wagon we are seeking in our call for Speak trains, Russell raised credit· to fi~ ers/Presenters include Traders and nance the operation, and Waddell freighters and their equipment and
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DONOR HONOR ROLL Joanne & Greg VanCoevern FY11. Mark & Lynn Voth MANY members have responded to They have instead passed a Con Edgar White tinuing Resolution that allows each various pleas for additional dona Gareth & Deann Wilson tions to assist SFTA with its many Tim & Ann Zwink branch, including the Department of projects. Special thanks is extended Interior (National Park Service, In Memory ofMike Slater etc.), to continue to operate under to the following for recent donations Donald & Ruby Hughes (if we have missed anyone, we apolo the same budget as last year. And so Hal & Bev Jackson it will be up to the new Congress to gize and request you remind us). Warren Little pass these bills in late winter or Hall of Fame Dpnations Tom & Mary McDowell Paul & Elaine Nighswonger spring. Therefore we await not only Ken & Pat Ackley the final numbers for FYll, but also Gary Anschutz Leo & Bonita Oliva Ken & Hester Schmidl a decision on whether or not to insert Noel Ary the Challenge Cost Share funding John & Barbara Atkinson Greg & Joanne VanCoevern Myrna & Bill Barnes In Memory of Harry Myers that was deleted in the President's Gary Boldt Ursel K. Alberts suggested budget submitted. last Jeff & Julie Bransford Sharon A. Brown January. Valerie Bryant Caterpillar, Inc., Industrial Power Advocacy Week in WDC during William Bundschu Division February - The 2011 Trails Advocacy Bill & Susan Bunyan Clint & Siva Chambers Week has been set for next February Joe E. & Donna L. Butcher Glenn Clark 12~17. It will be much the same format Robert & Coralie Button Alexandra Connor as last year; PNTS Board and Leader Clint & Siva Chambers Corazon de los Caminos Chapter ship Council meetings on Saturday Dominick Cirincione Alice & Robert Distlehorst and Sunday. Monday morning we Mary Conrad Ronald Dulle "Hike the Hill" as last year, from the Carlton & Marketta Damonte Richard & Shirley Flint Lincoln Memorial to Capitol Hill. The John P. Dollar Marcia Fox next three days or so will be meetings Theron Dosch Faye Gaines Ronald Dulle with congressional offices, agencies, LaDonna Hutton administration committees, etc. Diana Dunn John & Anne Jackson Helen Ericson E. Donald & Janet B. Kaye If anyone would have an interest First National Bank in Trinidad Cynthia Kryston in participating in any of this sched Ron & Karla French Rich Lawson ule, let. me know and I can provide Mary Fry Ralph Metcalf & Jennifer Distle- the necessary details. Faye Gaines horst 13th Long Distance Trails Confer Harold & Norma Geer Phyllis Morgan Robert Goodfellow ence - Hosted by the Overmountain John & Pamela Myers Victory Trail Association, the next ClifGordon Leo & Bonita Oliva . Rosetta Graff NM Santa Fe Trail National Scenic conference will be in Abington, VA, Mary Grice ByWay Alliance next May 15-19. This is the biennial Jim Groth Pat Palmer conference sponsored by the Partner Charles Guthrie Reed & Ruth Peters ship for the National Trails System Helen Hageman Rod Podszus and all members ofNTS organizations Leo & Carole Hayward Quivira Chapter like SFTA are invited to attend. The Wayne Hemmen Linda & Felix Revello 12th LDT Conference in Missoula, Charles & LaDonna Hutton Inez Ross MT, a year ago was a marvelous suc Hal & Beverly Jackson Santa Fe Trail Youth Tours, Chris cess and this attractive location for the George & Stormy Lee Kennedy Day & Janet Armstead 13th should be a similar success. Rich Lawson Jim & Nancy Sherer Volunteer hours and dollar con Charles Loomis Roger & Sandra Slusher tributions' - The accumulated totals John A. Mann Tom & Carlene Steel Gene & Mary Martin that you sent to me in January for the Diana Stein Santa Fe Trail was up over a year ago John & Gertrude McNary Dolores Weinhoener and totaled over 54,000 volunteer ,.• Paul Moreno Greg & Joanne VanCoevern Phyllis Morgan hours. Coupled with mileage and dol Tec & Dorothy Morgan PARTNERSHIP FOR NATIONAL lar donations, our total 2009 contribu Richard Nelson TRAILS SYSTEM REPORT tion to the trail was valued at over Mike & Patti Olsen .by Ross Marshall $1,400,000. Please accumulate these Pat Palmer [Former SFTA President and SFTA totals for 2010 and forward to me no Ruth & Reed Peters later than January 15. Inez Ross Ambassador Marshall is SFTA rep resentative to and president of the PNTS continues to grow in na Santa Fe Trail Youth Tours, Chris tional influence and h adquarters tine Day & Janet Armstead PNTS.j 13 Santa Fe Trail Bicycle Committee; FYII Appropriations' - Each year capacity. SFTA and PNTS partner Willard Chilcott before October 1 (the end ofthe federal ing together is not only working ex Malcolm & Mary Schnitker fiscal year), Congress' 'should have tremely well but is encouraging for Marc Simmons passed appropriations bills for every the future of the Santa Fe National Roger & Sandra Slusher branch of the government for the fol Historic Trail. Thanks to each of you Ken & Catherine Spicocchi lowing fiscal year. Not so this:year for for what you do.
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MULES ON THE SANTA FE TRAIL by Phyllis Morgan
, ' [Phyllis Morgan serves on the SFTA to Santa' Fe, the traders reached board and isa frequent contributor to their, destination on November 16, Wagon Tracks. This is theJirst arti taking two and a half months to cle in a new 'series about domesti cover the distance of 875 miles. cated animals on the Santa Fe Trail. A glittering shower of Spanish sil The next article will be abbut oxen.] ver coins, falling onto the ground "In be'stowing praise on the animals from the opened packs, excited the which contributed so fundamentally crowd that formed upon their return to the conquest and development of to Franklin on January 29, 1822. the Southwest, historians have over Becknell's success opened regular looked one animal to which much trade to Santa Fe. Thus, 1821 was credit is due-the 'lowly'mule. A poorly designated the year of the opening of regarded hybrid .. '. the mule has the Santa Fe Trail, "the first and meant much more. In fact, between most exotic ofAmerica's great trans 1820 and 1860 the' role the mille Mississippi pathways to the, West. played in the great task of subduing duce, except in very rare instances Its opening preceded by two decades virgin lands and fashioning channels (one in one million) when a mare the birth of the Oregon and Califor of trade and commerce in'the South mule has a foal. Since mules are not nia Trails. Unlike them, the Santa west was just as spectacular and just a species, an approximation of a as important as that ofthe mustang or Fe Trail began in the United States longhorn."l This statement was made Latin name that has been used for and ended in a foreign country, Mex by Floyd F. Ewing, Jr., in an essay in the mule, according to the American ico, at least for the first-quarter cen which he also gave credit to the Santa Donkey and Mule Society, is Equus tury of its existence."5 Trade and Fe Trail for creating the first great de mulis and a correct scientific classifi travel over its routes and branches mand for mules and being a major cation is Hybrid (Equus caballus x would grow for six decades until the source of these hardworking animals. Equus assinus).4 railroad reached Santa Fe in 1880. A number ofhistorians and others Mules, or mule-like hybrids, have When spring arrived in 1822, have extolled the contributions ofthe been in existence since' ancient Becknell led another expedition with mule. Max L. Moorhead, for in times. They have been used as work at least three wagons to Santa Fe. stance, wrote: "Much has been writ animals around the world, and val Mountain man Jacob Fowler, on his ten about the' Spanish horse in the ued for their hardiness, strength, way down the Arkansas River, told conquest of the New World ... but sure-footedness, and resistance to of seeing the tracks, made by their the urisung hero of transportation in disease. In the 1600s, long trains of wagons near his camp-an astonish the Southwest was unquestionably pack mules made their way from ing sight at that time and pl~ce. This the Spanish mules."2 Marc Sim Mexico City and northern Mexico to trading party carried $3,000.00 mons, eminent historian of the the new settlements the Spaniards worth of trade goods and made a Santa Fe Trail and the founding fa established in the Rio Grande Val profit of two thousand percent on ther and first president of the SFTA, ley. Mules were used in the eastern their investment.6 Two other expedi has stated in his writings about United States since colonial times. tions were made in 1822. One was mules: "Without the mule, the his In fact, President George Washing headed by Colonel Benjamin Cooper, tory of the Southwest might' have ton was a respected livestockbreeder a member of the Cooper family ofthe and began a breeding program to im Boone's Lick area near Franklin. run a different, course."3 A mule is q domesticated hybrid prove the mule. He received a splen The trading party used pack mules resulting from the mating oftwo spe did jack, which was named Royal and returned with over a hundred cies of the equine family, the donkey Gift, from the King of Spain for his mules and other trade items. program. Mules were present along The other expedition of 1822 was (Equus assinus) and the horse e~rhest (Equus caballus). The offspring has the Santa Fe Trail from its led by James Baird and' Samuel the characteristics ofboth parents. A years as "a highway of commerce." , Chambers. They were forced to stop cross between, a donkey stallion, On September 1, 1821, the year by a heavy snowstorm along the Ar called a jack, and a horse mare pro that Missouri' becqme a state, a kansas River near' the Cimarron duces a rriule, while a cross between small bimd of men with pa:ck horses Crossing. They had to stay through a stallion horse and a donkey mare, loaded with trade' goods left the vil the winter, and their pack animals called jennet or jenny, results in a lage of Franklin in Howard County. perished. Holes were dug deep in the hinny. Hinnies are generally classi The leader was' William Becknell. earth in which they cached, or fied under the general term, mule. A The men headed south- and west to stored, their goods for safekeeping. mule or hinny may be a male (horse Mexico and, in particular, to Santa This place became known as "The mule or horse hinny) or a female Fe. They were' informed by Mexican Caches," marked- by a 'monument (mare mule or mare hinny). Some soldiers that Mexico had finally won west of present Dodge C~ty, "Kansas. times horse mules (males) are called its independence' from Spain and The men left the area for Taos' and Johns, and the mares are called Mol that traders from the United States returned with fresh animals to con c :would be welcomed. Continuing on tinue on their way to'Santa Fe. lies. All are sterile and cannot repro 0 . ", '. .'. •. $. ',•• ' ... '.;''. :: . ;;' -.
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In 1823, the only"recorded expedi ter skins, and buffalo robes were im some thought: That year Major Ben tion to Santa Fe was led by Major portant. 'Most caravans heading net Riley (later Colonel and Brevet Stephen Cooper, who had accompa back to Missouri carried at least Major General Riley) experimented nied his uncle Benjamin the year bef some furs. The mules and precious with oxen on the Trail. Riley led an ore. The major organized a company metals, however, remained impor infantry escort that went as far as of about 30 men with stock in trade tant for a much longer time.. the Arkansas River in present comprised primarily ofdry goods. On Trouble with the Indians on the Kearny County, Kansas, which was the Little Arkansas, Indians'ran off plains was increasing in the late the border with Mexico at that time, all but six of the horses, and Cooper 1820s. In 1827 the Pawnees attacked and from there the caravan was on was forced to return to Missouri to a company returning east and made its own to its destination. Caravan obtain more animals. The company off with a hundred head of mules and Captain Charles Bent borrowed suffered greatly during this expedi other animals. A total of 800 mules some of Riley's oxen for the remain tion because of the lack of water. were brought over the Trail that der of the trip to Santa Fe. The' ex They managed to return to Missouri year. In the autumn of 1828, a cara periment proved 'so successful that in October 1823 with "four hundred van was returning with a thousand other traders and freighters began to jacks [donkey stallions], jennets head of mules and horses and were use oxen. It was not long before [donkey mares], mules and other near the present Oklahoma-New about half of the draft animals used .' trade items. Their four-legged booty Mexico boundary' when Indians on the Trail were oxen. New Mexico was apparently the beginning ofthe killed young traders Daniel Monroe had long been the home of the mule, now world-renowned Missouri mule. and Robert McNees, after whom but oxen were available only in Mis This notorious beast was a New. McNees Crossing was named. This souri. Thus, a number of caravans Mexican product. He invaded Mis incident, in particular, fueled the went west under ox-power and re souri from the west; filling a need fires of retribution that lasted for turned east under mule-power. This which the rush ofsettlement into the generations. All' of the thousand was more likely to be the case, ac river country was just beginning to head of livestock were lost before cording to Duffus, because oxen of create. From 1823 onward, the mule reaching home. Mter this great loss, ten arrived at Santa Fe in poor con formed 'a conspicuous article of com traders demanded. protection. For dition to make the return trip.l1 merce."'7 Before this time, records them, losing mules was the same as By 1831, a change was beginning made no mention of mules in a state losing silver. Mules became as good to take shape in the Santa Fe trade; that later became nationally and in as money in Missouri. Indians val it was becoming an occupation for ternationally famous for them. ued mules, too, preferring them over businessmen. This change was un The year 1824 witnessed the de coin as booty and over oxen, in which derway when trader Josiah Gregg parture of an organized caravan out they showed little interest. They made his first trip over the Trail in of Franklin. It left on May 16 with, 81 used mules for riding, carrying May 1831. He made four round trips traders, 156 mules and horses, 25 loads, and food when buffalo meat before he left the trade in 1840. In wagons, and a small piece of field ar was not available. his classic 1844 book about the Trail, tillery. Led by Alexander Le Grande, Robert Duffus commented about Commerce ofthe Prairies, Gregg was the company included Augustus the animals used in the opening of among the first to write about mules Storrs, who became U.S. Consul at the West and along the Trail: "First and of their popularity and useful Santa Fe the following year, and came the patient pack-horse, the. ness. He thought mules had a Meredith Miles Marmaduke, the fu faithful companion of the fur trader number of merits, including being ture governor of Missouri. This con in every western journey. The pack quick to sense danger. Their "vigor siderably larger caravan carried horse could go almost anywhere a ously twitching ears," for instance, $35,000 in trade goods. They arrived man could go. But he was not so good gave wat'ch guards notice that some in Santa Fe on July 28 and were back for carrying heavy burdens on a long thing was awry or that Indians were in' Franklin on September 24. The and relatively easy trail as was the nearby. He also mentioned the trip was successful in every way.s mule. Besides, the mule was abun mules' "pretentious ways," probably Senator Thomas Hart Benton of dant in New Mexico. He had his a tactful way of saying that mules Missouri stated in 1825, when be faults, to be sure. Sometimes his en: could be troublesome. 12 tween $65,000 and $85,000 worth of ergy would display itself at inoppor Gregg was greatly impressed with goods came over the Trail: "The New tune moments, as when, after having the Mexican arrieros, the muleteers Mexican trade has grown up to be a walked four or five hundred miles, he who trained and packed the mules , new and regular branch of interior would suddel1ly 'take 'fright from a on the Trail and in New Mexico. He commerce, profitable to those en profile view of his own shadow and described in considerable detail the gaged in it, valuable to the country run like an antelope of the plains.' muleteers' skills in handling mules from the articles it carried out" and But· very often ,the mule, outfits and their methods of packing. These for the silver, furs, and mules it would come into Santa Fe, after men knew theIrbusiness, gave their brought back, and well suited to the eight hundred miles or more of lives to their profession, and were de care and protection of our govern travel, in pretty good condition."lo voted to'themules which, in turn in ment."9 The following years saw rap Until 1829, mules were used to their own way, reciprocated. An idly increasing trade on the Santa Fe draw the wagons over the Trail. The expertly-packed mule with a heavy., Trail. For the first 15 years bf the mule, however, was not the ultimate load of unwieldy articles weighing as trade, furs, especially beaver and ot- solution for prairie transportation as much as three or four hundred
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poundscould travel all day and into recognized by many, including riders 'catching up,' and the cracking of the evening, and be ready to go the who learned of their value as saddle whips, lowing of cattle, braying of following morning. The techniques of stock. the mules, whooping and h~llowing the arrieros were adopted early by Among the disadvantages of ofthe men was a novel sight. It is dis the U.S. Army, which used mules for mules was their purchase 'price. agreeable to hear so much swearing; packing, riding, pulling wagons and They cost more than oxen, an impor the animals are unruly tis true and other forms of transportation, carry tant consideration for ' traders, worries the patience of their drivers, ing mail, moving artillery and muni freighters, riders, and others. The but I scarcely think they need be so tions, and numerous other purposes. price could be as high as $100 per profane."16 Army mules wore the historic brand, head in the frontier towns, while Mrs. Magoffin, whose husband U.S., on their left hips and served oxen cost about $25. Also, many men , Samuel' was a veteran Santa Fe many decades. The last two military on the Trail thought mules were trader, also remarked about the mule units were deactivated at Fort much more stubborn and cantanker mules: "And the mules I believe are Carson, Colorado, in December 1956. ous than oxen or horses, and they worse, for they kick and run so much , Marc Simmons gained knowledge were especially known for their abil faster. It is a common circumstance of arrieros and their packing exper ity to kick. They could cause serious for a mule (when first brought into tise, muleteering, and horseshoeing injury, although horses, oxen, and service) while they are hitching him through his research and study in other animals, domesticated or wild, in, to break away.with chains and the Southwest, Mexico, and Spain. also caused injury to people on the harness all on, and run for a half He has written about those mule Trail. Inexperienced traders, green hour or more with two or three horse teers:"The work of the arrieros was horns, and others lacked knowledge men' at his heels endeavouring to highly specialized, a fact that also of the proper ways of handling and stop him, or at least to keep him from contributed to their clannish spirit. training draft animals. They were running among the other stock. I Years of practice were required, to impatient and in a rush to prepare saw a scamper while I sat in the car learn the many skillsofthe business. the animals for the journey over the riage today. One of the mules scam ... Most of the rich lore surrounding Trail. Animals were traumatized by pered off, turning the heads of the the packing profession has been lost. the beating, lashing, and whipping whole collection nearly by the rat But one of the old sayings that does they received and by the general rau tling of the chains. Mter a fine race survive expresses the true spirit of cous behavior and noise surrounding one of his pursuers succeeded in these plucky mul~teers: 'Better to be them. Simmons has commented: catching the bridle, when the stub an arriero than to be rich."'13 "Army training manuals explained born animal refused to [follow] and When it came to overland trans that the young mule kicked because in defiance of all the man could'do, port of goods, among the advantages he was afraid of man. Training and [the mule] walked backwards all the of mules over horses and oxen were kind treatment could cure that. But way to camp leading his capturer in their endurance and hardiness. many handlers lacked patience and stead of being led."17 Their feet were denser and tougher so they resorted to the whip, which Among other Trail travelers writ than those of horses or oxen, allow in the end produced a confirmed ing of the trouble with animals tak ing the mules often to make a full kicker. Not surprisingly,. the mule ing off in every direction whenever trip on their hooves without being has inspired the use of more strong the opportunity arose was William shod. Oxen, on the other hand, gen language than any other animal."15 James Hinchey. He was born in Dub erally needed iron shoes. Mules were Susan Shelby Magoffin noted that lin, Ireland, in 1829, and became a sure-footed and good mountain strong language with disapproval in popular 19th-century St. Louis por climbers, allowing them to go places her diary entry of Thursday, June trait artist. Traveling the Trail in where horses and oxen could not go, 11, 1846. Part of the caravan in 1854 and 1855, he kept a journal of such as rough terrain, rocky country, which she was riding in her personal his experiences an<;l drew sketches of lava beds, and long, arid stretches of carriage began leaving "the settle events and sights along the way. He land. They also held up better under ments" and headed toward the prai was part of the entourage of Bishop adverse conditions, such as heat, rie to meet the rest of the caravan for Jean Baptiste Lamy (later Arch lack of water, and sparse forage. the long journey ahead: "Our mules bishop of Santa Fe) that had come They avoided eating poisonous travel well and we jog[g]ed on at a from as far away as Paris, France, weeds, overeating, and d:rinking too rapid pace till 10 o'clock, when we and was comprised of square, boxy much cold water on a hot day. They came up to thewaggons. They were coaches that parked alongside the could travel, great distances with encamped just at the edge of the last covered wagons at each campsite. considerable speed. Simmons' has woods. As we proceeded from this While Hinchey was' writing in his told of a company of scouts' with a thick wood of oaks and scrubby un journal on a September Sunday in mule pack train marching 85 'miles derbr~i1h, my eyes were unable to sa 1854, he had to stop and join a chase in 12 hours under the blazing New tiate tHeir longing for a sight of the after mules and other animals, in Mexico sun. "That feat becomes all wide spreading plains. ... All our cluding the white ,mare that caused the more remarkable when we recall waggons were here, and those of two it. Returning to his tent, he resumed that the average distance covered by or three others of the traders. The writing: "Confound the mules! Those a horseback rider in a day was usu animals made an extensive show in vile beasts who keep us all employed ally only twenty-five to thirty deed. Mules and oxen scattered in all the whole day an.d half the night- miles."14 Mules' advantages were directions. The teamsters were just they can't come and eat quietly out of
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their long carved trough; they must hooves obliterated their trail, they ture, Webb allowed a needful wagon be kicking and screeching at one an could seldom be recovered. Even in master to borrow her for his return other. Well, now we're all scattered the first stages of the trip, mules trip to Missouri. This time, Webb's here and there trying to hunt them were hard to follow, harder to catch, loss was permanent; Dolly had sup up.... She [the mare] has done all because of the patches of timber, nu posedly been stolen by the Pawnee the damage being the first to start off merous creeks, constant rains, and somewhere along the Big Bend ofthe and still keeping· the lead of the the speed with which they hastened Arkansas River. whole party. All the animals [have] back to the settlements."2o A growing number of Missouri taken allarum and not wishing to be While others along the Trail had a farmers·gained experience and skills too easily entrapped have set off full strong dislike for mules, James Jo in handling Mexican jacks and jen speed, passing all the party, priests, siah Webb, a Connecticut store nets and in producing larger mules deacons, hunters, Mexicans, French, keeper who crossed the prairie in by crossing the jacks with the robust Americans, Spanish, Irish and all, 1844, was among those who admired horse mares that settlers from Ken and away with a train of forty his mule. He called her Dolly tucky and other states brought with quadrupeds-horses, mules, jennets, Spanker (in those times, a spanker them. They also bred larger Euro ponies- and after them a train of bi was someone or something that was pean jacks with the mares and pro peds consisting of all the different .'• very special and highly regarded): duced the famous and much sought nations above mentioned in all their She had been a very good Trail com after Missouri mule These mules be various tongues, and scattering the panion, reliable, swift, and smart in gan filling a burgeoning need for animals they want to catch, in every chasing down buffalo. Later in his them on farms and plantations in direction."18 life, Webb made a tribute to her in Missouri and the South, across the The mare was finally lassoed and his book: "This is a long story about a country, and throughout the world. some of the other animals captured. mule, but Dolly with all her naughti Mule breeding was a thriving indus As these were being led back to the ness was an animal I loved. She try by the 1850s, and by 1880 Mis • ani~ • encampment, the remaining never failed me from weariness; car souri had become the leading mule mals fell in line behind them, "walk ried me as fast as it ever became nec producing state in the country. Ac ing along with their captive fellows es·sary to ride, and as easy as the cording to the 1890 U.S. Census, the as though they were above deserting rocking of a cradle, through many Missouri mule population had reach them in the moment of need and long and weary journeys, and under ed 245,273, the highest number should go with them to console them the protection of a kind Providence among all mule-producing states. in their imprisonment." Hinchey through dangers seen and unseen. There were probably hundreds of ended the entry: "Now then, I too am And I cannot do less in giving this ac stories about mules from the days of returned to camp determined no count of my journeyings than pay the Trail, a large number now forgot more to go mule hunting on foot for this affectionate and merited tribute ten. One story came to light in recent the exertion is too great. And, as I re to her memory."21 times about a mule which died when cline here under the shade of the Dolly Spanker came into his pos a steamboat sank. Mules, horses, tent, I shall endeavour to continue session at Bent's Fort, where he des and other animals being taken to my remarks on my present position perately needed to find another mule Missouri and the frontier by their and occupation, and so make apology to replace one that had "given out," owners were transported by steam for the interruption in my soberly and found that mules were scarce. packet, a steamboat that traveled a commenced recital."19 He was fortunate to obtain one regular route on a river and carried Although Hinchey wrote about through the help of Marcellin St. passengers, freight, and mail. One of the "chase" in a light, humorous way, Vrain, brother of Ceran St. Vrain, those was the Arabia, which ran the a stampede was a very serious mat mountain man, trader, and partner stretch on the lower Missouri River ter and sometimes caused disastrous of the Bent Brothers. Marcellin had from St. Louis to the Port of Kansas results for men and animals. Almost found her "tricky and headstrong." (Kansas City). Its cargo was typical anything could set off a stampede. Jt Webb paid 20 dollars for her, and ofthe numerous items and materials could be a sudden noise, the howling "she proved just as he told me, very carried over the Santa Fe Trail. It of a wolf, raiding Indians, prairie naughty, but very wise, easy riding, was one of about 700 steamboats fires, a passing buffalo herd, a bliz fleet of foot, and never tired. I be navigating the river since 1819. Of zard, or thunderstorms and light came very much attached to her and those, over 300 wrecks were strewn ning. The stampede could occur in crossed the plains several times with up and down the riverbed and in • the light of day or the darkness of her and had no other riding mule."22 fields from St. Louis to South Da night, an especially terrible time for After reaching Santa Fe, Dolly W!1S kota. Over 30 were cluster.ed around it to happen. Cautious wagon mas sent with the rest ofthe herd to graze the Kansas City area. ters and mule skinners kept the in a large pasture and was later de The Arabia sank in 1856 after hit herders and guards saddled, armed, clared missing, maybe stolen. Webb ting a snag hidden under the water and ready for the slightest possibil did not hear anything more about line. A May 30, 1897, article in the ity ofa stampede or runaway. Mules, her, until he happened to be back in Kansas City Times, reported river for example, had a habit of running Santa Fe in. 1850, recognized her traffic to the Port of Kansas was off with a buffalo herd. Stanley Ves standing in the Plaza in frolft of the heaviest in 1856 to 1858 because of tal described such a situation involv St. Vrain store, and was able to get the· Santa Fe trade. The steamboat ing mules: "... the beat ofa thQusand her.back. However, asa helJ>,£ul ges~ carried 130 passengers, none .of
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whom was lost. During its excava New Mexico Press. 1972), 81. course, freighting of civilian goods tion in 1988, a mule's skeleton was 8. Rittenhouse, Trail of Commerce and continued. uncovered with bridle, saddle, and Conquest, 11. 9. Duffus, The Santo Fe Trail, 108. Again, in general terms, we saddle roll still attached, and the' learned that this traffic initially was reins still tied, to a post. Conflicting 10. Ibid.. 133. ' 11. Ibid. going from Point A (Missouri River) stories came to light. The owner of 12. Josiah Gregg, Commerce of the to Point B (Santa Fe) with few inter the mule, interviewed shortly after . Prairies (1844: reprint. Norman: Uni- mediate "stops." The increase ofcom the sinking of the Arabia, said he versity of Oklahoma Press, 1954), merce on the SFT over time gave rise tried to free his mule, but it was just 127. to the establishment of "Truck too stubborn and would not leave the 13. Marc Simmons, "Mule Drivers Were Stops" (known at the time as Mail sinking boat. The skeleton of the the First Convoys of the Southwest Stations), "Convenience Stores" mule tells a different story; the reins Roads," New Mexico Independent, . ' (known at the time as Road were tied as they had been for 132 March 31,1978, 8. 14. Marc Simmons, "In Praise of the Ranches), and, finally US Post Of years. Given the name, Lawrence of , Frontier Mule," Santo Fe Reporter, fices. By the time traffic over the the Arabia, the mule's skeleton, still September 1-7, 1993, 21. SFT reached its crescendo in the wearing a bridle, is on display today 15. Ibid. mid-1860s, there were quite a at the Treasures of the Steamboat 16. Susan Shelby Magoffin, Down the number of intermediate points be Arabia Museum in Kansas City.23 Santa Fe Trail into Mexico, ed. by tween the Missouri River and Santa As agriculture, mining, and other Stella M. Drumm (1926; reprint, Lin Fe. I believe those intermediate coln: University' of Nebraska Press, industries turned to mechanization, 1982), 3. ' points represent the "first wave" of mules were replaced by modern ma 17. Ibid. white habitation of the region along chinery, four-wheeled conveyances, 18. Anna Belle Cartwright. ed.. "William the SFT. Then, as we learned at the and laborers. They disappeared from James Hinchey, An Irish Artist on the Rendezvous, the eastern terminus of farms and wherever their muscle Santa Fe Trail." Wagon Tracks, 10 the SFT was successively pushed power and endurance had'been so , (May 1996): 21. westward and southward by the ad critical to progress. Their numbers 19. Ibid. . , vance of the railroads after the Civil decreased sharply across the coun 20. Stanley Vestal, The Old Santo Fe War. By 1880, the SFT was,history. Trail (1939; reprint, Lincoln: University try. In recent decades, they haw; of Nebraska Press, 1996),46. In his introductory remarks at made a strong comeback. Today, 21. James Josiah Webb, Adventures in Rendezvous 2010, Mike Olsen said, mules are again proving their broad the Santo Fe Trade, 1844-1847, ed. "By understanding where and how range of abilitiei?, many more than by Ralph P. Bieber (1931; reprint. Lin the people of the past lived, you bet once thought they possessed. They coln: University of Nebraska Press, ter understand where and how you are competing in every type of mule 1995), 62. live today. Who they were is who you competition imaginable, including 22. Ibid, 60. are now." As an example, let's con barrel racing, calf roping, steer stop 23. Sonie Liebler, "Steamboat Arabia," Wagon Tracks, 9 (August 1995), 1, 7c sider how the history of the SFT, as ping, cow cutting and penning, pari 9. The Treasures of the Steamboat outlined above, affects who we are mutuel racing, carriage driving, Arabia Museum is a "must-see" today in the vicinity of Marion team chariot racing, and even high when visiting Kansas City. County, Kansas. level dressage. The lowly mule is be Settlers in the early 1860s ob ing recognized as a champion! COMMENTS ON RENDEZVOUS by Steve Schmidt tained groceries and other supplies NOTES at the Road Ranches. l Post offices 1. Floyd F. Ewing. Jr.. "The Mule as a [SFTA Ambassador Schmidt is pres had been established at Diamond Factor in the Development of the ident of, the Cottonwood Crossing Springs (later moved to Six Mile Southwest." Arizona and West, 5 Chapter.} . (Winter 1963): 315. Creek), Lost Spring, Muddy Creek, 2. Max L. Moorhead. "Spanish Trans IN response to the very fine pro Moore's Ranch, and Big Turkey.2 M portation in the Southwest, 1540 gram presented at the 2010 Rendez ter all 27 votes were counted when 1846," New Mexico Historical Re vous, I offer the following comments. Marion County was organized in late, view, 32 (April 1957): 108-109. In broad, general terms, we 1865, among those elected to County 3. Marc Simmons, "The Mule: An Un learned 'that prior to 1846 the office were: A. A. Moore (Moore's sung Hero of the Desert Southwest," Ranch), Commissioner, Treasurer, Santa Fe New Mexican. November amount of Santa Fe Trail (SFT) traf- 15, 2003, B1. .fic was relatively modest, primarily and State Representative; Charles 4. "What Is A Mule?"
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and freight then went west and no!. Vol. 1, Minutes of Meeting of information about the Trail that has south from Junction City, rejoining November 10, 1865, Marion County become available in recent years, the SFT near Walnut Creek Virtu Courthouse, Marion, Kansas. along with the traditional standard ally overnight, traffic on the SFT all 4. Entry No. 26, January 3, 1863, Junc works, and produced an accurate but ceased east of Walnut Creek.5 tion City Homestead Entry Book, overview of historic records, includ For the road ranches and mail sta Homestead Act May 20, 1862, Na ing quotations from those who tional Archives and Records Admin tions' it was analogous to being the istration, Record Group 49, Kansas traveled and wrote about their small town gas station or restaurant City, Missouri. 3. The May 20, 1862, experiences on the overland route, to of the 1950s whose trade was Homestead Act became effective go with his 180 remarkable color siphoned-off by the new Interstate January 1, 1863. There were claims photographs. Highway. Post offices on the SFT to public lands in Marion County as For those who are unable to travel Closed. early as August 8, 1860, on the the old Trail, his photographs and At first, the railroads simply du NW/4, 5-20-4 (incorrectly called a text provide readers with an arm "homestead" in the reference plicated the Santa Fe and other cited). Sondra Van Meter, Marion chair trip over the historic route with trails, only substituting newer tech County Past and Present, (Marion selected images of the most signifi nology for transporting goods, mail, County Historical Society, 1972), cant places to be seen today, an op and passengers, often along routes 235. Claims to acquire public lands portunity to experience "being already established. The transporta prior to January 1, 1863, would have there." This pleasurable volume will tion pattern from Point A (Missouri been "Preemptions" under The Pre encourage those who can travel to River) to Points B (Santa Fe, Denver, emption Act of 1841, 27th Congress, visit or revisit many Trail sites.. Ch. 16,5 Stat. 453 (1841). George W. etc.) returned with few intermediate The major landmarks, from St. points. With the 1862 Homestead Spaulding, ,A Treatise on the Public Land System of the United States Louis to Santa Fe and beyond, are Act, the end ofthe Civil War, and ex (San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft and included here. The volume provides, pansion of the railroad network, the Company, 1884). 35. as Dulle explains, an "interpretive second wave of settlement occurred, 5. Moris F. Taylor, First Mail West, Stage pictorial tour." bringing permanent settlers, town coach Lines on the Santa Fe Trail, When someone asks if you have builders, and a variety ofbusinesses. (Albuquerque: University of New seen the Dulle book about the Santa By the 1880s, new post offices Mexico Press, 1971), 115-116. Fe Trail, you should be able to reply, were being established at towns 6. Baughman, Kansas Post Offices. "Yes I have, and it is anything but a along the railroads. Several of the dull book" It is a delightful read, new post offices which were located historically informative and esthe at or near the old SFT post offices, tically gratifying. It provides an can be considered as "reincarna CONVERSE OF THE excellent overview for someone tions" of the old SFT post offices, as PRAIRIES seeking to learn about the Trail, and illustrated in the table below.6 -BOOK NOTICES- it provides an attractive and So, as Olsen suggested, the Santa stimulating review for those who Fe Trail has determined who we are Ronald J. Dulle, Tracing the Santa Fe have studied and traveled all or today in the area in and around Mar Trail: Today's Views, Yesterday's portions of the historic road. This ion County. I suspect this is true, in Voices. Missoula, MT: Mountain striking volume deserves a place on one way or another, all along the Press, 2010. Pp. 216. Maps, illustra tions, notes, bibliography, index. Pa the shelfofeveryone with an interest Santa Fe Trail. The Santa Fe Trail per, $22.00 postpaid from the SFTA in the Santa Fe Trail. • • does live on in various ways. Last Chance Store. •• • Notes Mary Collins Barile, The Santa Fe SFTA member and professional Trail in Missouri. Columbia: Univer 1. "Settler's Memories," Marion County photographer Ron Dulle has been Record, Marion, Kansas, September sity of Missouri Press, 2010. Pp. xii + 22,2010,3, rReprint of a series of arti photographing the Santa Fe Trail for 144: Maps, illustrations, appendix, cles beginning November 5, 1925, several years. Those who have bibliography, index. Paper, $16.95. presenting the memories of Mrs: attended recent symposiums and . One wonders how this book was Evin Hoops written in 1885. rendezvous have seen exhibits of his deemed worthy of publication by a fine work Now he has produced this f 2. Robert W. Baughman, Kansas Post reputable press. Although there are Offices (Topeka: Kansas State His handsome volume, a valuable addi some good sections, there is much torical Society, 1961). tion to the literature 'of the Trail. outdated information and misinfor , 3. Marion County Commissioners Jour- Dulle has absorbed the new mation. The author apparently has • no awareness of the Santa Fe Trail TABLE: POST OFFICES Association and could have benefited . . U.S.P.O. on SFT Open Close "Reincarnated'" as . greatly from the members oftheMis Diamond Springs 1859 1863 (moved to Six Mile Creek) souri River Outfitters Chapter and Six Mile Creek - 1863 1866 BurdicK 1887 the many relevant articles that have Lost Spring . 1861 1864 . Lost Springs 1879 appeared in Wagon Tracks during Muddy Creek 1863· 1864 Tampa 1888 the last 24 years. It is a prime exam . ple of the perils authors face when Moore's Ranch-' Durham 1860 1866 1887 they write about the Trail and ignore . Big Turkey 1860 1866 Galva' 1879 . (continued on page 21)
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HENRY GOKE: PENNILESS IMMIGRANT, WEALTHY BANKER by Doyle Daves [Daves received a grantlrom SFTA to small wagon train was looking for a research Euro-American traders who teamster and hired Gorke [Goke]. married Hispanic women in. New This was part ofa large convoy oftwo Mexico. This is another in the fine se hundred wagons loaded with corn ries of articles resulting from his in destined for Fort Union."9 Mter a vestigation.] three-month trek across the Santa Henry Goke1 grew up in Germany, Fe Trail to Fort Union, Henry trav left his family there and came to eled' on to Santa Fe and then to the Texas as a penniless immigrant, mining town of Dolores in the Ortiz worked as a laborer, was an overseer Mountains to the southeast, where of slaves on a large plantation, he found jobs that occupied him for served in the Confederate Army dur thenext three years and allowed him ing the Civil War, traveled t~ New to save money for future investment. Mexico via the Santa Fe TraIl and Apparently, throughout this ti~e of stayed. He became a successful mer employment, Goke was actIvely chant, farmer, stock raiser, flour and planningto become a merchant and lumber mill operator, and finally a was 'constantlyassessing various lo wealthy banker. He married a local cations and opportunities. Hispanic woman and founded aNew The Store at Sapello Mexican family which endures. There has been a store at Sapello, a small rural community in- San Origins in Germany and Immigration to overseer of the slaves on a large the United States Miguel County some 12 miles north plantation."5 Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm (Hen of Las Vegas for at least 150 years. Civil War Service in the Confederate Today, the store there continues to ry) Goke was born January 10, 1843, Army in Oppendorf, Germany, Opp.endo.rf prosper although it is located only In 1862, after the Civil War broke about 10 miles from a Wal-Mart Su is a small village, at that tIme III out both Goke brothers enlisted in Prussia and now, in the modern Ger per Store on the northern edge ofLas the'Confederate Army. By that time, Vegas. The first store in Sapello was man state of North Rhine-West Christoph was married to Henriette 2 opened sometime during the 1850s phalia, today the most populous and Louise Meyer, also a German immi economically powerful state of Ger by Dr. John M. Whitlock, who "m,ay grant to Texas, and they had· a young have originally come to New MeXICO many. Henry's parents, Johan Frie son Johan Friedrich Heinrich (John) drich Christian Goke and Caroline as an Army surgeon [presumably Goke. Christoph was serving in the with Kearny's Army of the West in Wilhelmine Henriette Lehde, came army when he died of' unkno~n from families that had long lived in 1846]' ... [and who] opened the store causes, September 7,1863, at W~l the area as shown by records of the at Sapello because he could do better liam Penn, now a ghost town, III Evangelical Lutheran Church of in the mercantile business than as a Washington County, Texas.6 Henry Wehdem, which also served neigh doctor."lo Census records make clear enlisted in the 16th Regiment of that Whitlock established the store boring communities including Op Texas Infantry (Flournoy's) as a pri pendorf.3 Henry grew up there along sometime between 1850 and 1860; vate and served as a military musi the 1850 census indicates that he with his older brother Christoph and cian. He served with this unit until 4 was practicing medicine and run two younger sisters. What educa the battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisi tion Henry and his siblings received ning a boarding house in Las Vegas, ana, fought on April 9, 1864,7 at and the 1860 census lists him as a was obtained in the local schools. which time he was captured by the accomplis~ merchant living in Sapello. In 1861, Among Henry's early Union Army. He, along with other ments was the ability to playa mUSI he enlisted in the New Mexico Volun captured ConfE;lderates, was sent to cal instrument. teers as a surgeon when the Union New Orleans where he took an oath Army call came for men to assist in In 1858, at remarkably young of allegiance to the lJnited States ages, the brothers, Christoph ~t ~ 7 repelling the Confederate (Texan) and was released. Subsequently, he invasion of New Mexico. In 1862, and Henry at 15, left their famIly III worked on steamboats traveling up Oppendorf behind and immigrated while stationed at Fort Stanton, the Mississippi River which took him Whitlock got into a quarrel with to the United States, The brothers to St. Louis; from there he traveled arrived at the American port of Captain Paddy Graydon that re west first via another steamboat op sulted .in a duel in which Graydon Galveston, Texas, almost completely erati~g\:iii the Missouri River, and fi m~rtally without funds. Henry quickly found was wounded. Before Gray nally arrived at Leavenworth, Kan don died however, he ordered his a job. "For a year he was employed as 8 , . sas. ' men to kill Whitlock: Whitlock died a farm hand near Galveston at eight On the Santa Fe Trail and. Settlement in there November 5,1862, at age 38.11 . dollars per month and the followi.ng New Mexico sha~es. t~lrd The second operator ofthe Sapello year he farmed on The At Leavenworth, apparently still store was Alexander Grzela year of his residence III the.1!mted in 1864, "Teodoro Casados of Anton chowski 12 called El Padre Polaeo States he was given a pOSItIon as Chico, New Mexico,' who owned a .' , ... '.
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(the Polish Priest) by his Spanish plicity of Henry Goke's manner of sure that other people's stock did not speaking neighbors. Grzelachowski opening his store is very reminiscent invade the land."22 Tomas Jaehn re was a Catholic priest recruited in the ofthe way Uncle Dick (Richens Lacy) ported: "In 1880, he [Goke] planted 1850s by Bishop Jean Baptiste Lamy Wootton-famous for creation of a toll Indian corn, oats and wheat and held to serve in New Mexico. He had soon road over Raton Pass-had set up for 2,350 head of cattle and sheep on his given up the priesthood, married a business in 1858 in the mining camp 100 acres and the surrounding pub local Hispanic woman, and spent the that was to become Denver. Late in lic land."23 In 1883 Goke obtained remainder of his life as a well life, he reported of this venture: "I new conveyances from Aniceto Sala respected merchant, mostly at moved into a log cabin and without zar for an additional 1,600 acres of Puerto de Luna, a farming commu waiting for any such thing as shelv . land which he used to graze his live nity located along the Pecos River ing or counters to be put in, I com stock.24 In written testimony for a south of Santa Rosa in Guadalupe menced business."16 congressional hearing in 1895, Goke County. Grzelachowski acquired the Henry Goke Expands His Enterprises wrote: "I have been engaged in Sapello store after John Whitlock's Henry Goke's mercantile enter sheep-raising in New Mexico for " death in 1862. By 1867, after a few prise at Sapello prospered from the twenty-five years ... and in that years of operating the store, he de beginning. "As time passed the vol time I have succeeded in working my cidedto give it up. He then pur ume of his trade increased rapidly, herd up to about 15,000 head."25 " " chased a lot on the Las Vegas plaza and he became one of the leading Henry Goke Marries and Establishes a from John Dold;. the 1870 census merchants of the Territory. His busi Family shows Grzelachowski in Las Vegas ness interests widened and he be Six months before he left Dolores as a merchant. Soon afterward he re came extensively engaged in farm to become a merchant in Sapello, located one final time to Puerto de ing, sheep and cattle raising and in Goke was married on January 22, Luna. flour milling."17 He became a sup 1867, to Gumecinda Roybal, daugh Henry Goke became the third Sa plier of lumber, corn, flour, and oats ter of Guillermo Roybal and Micaela pello storekeeper. He had saved his to the great Charles Ilfeld Com Montoya. Roybal is a distinctly New money and, by 1867, was actively pany.l8 Some of the commodities Mexican surname. It is generally looking to make a new start. He had supplied to the Ilfeld Company un traced to Ignacio De Roybal y Tor apparently considered many poten doubtedly came from Goke's own rado, a native ofGalicia in northwest tial opportunities and locations. He farming and milling operations Spain who, as a soldier with Don Di had heard about the store in Sapello while additional goods were ac ego de Vargas, in 1692, participated and was aware. of Grzelachowski's quired in trade at his store as the lo in the re-conquest of New Mexico fol intent to relocate. He decided to give cal economy involved much barter lowing the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 up his position as a clerk forthe min owing to the scarcity of money. Con which had expelled all Hispanics ing company in Dolores and became temporary reports suggest the scope from New Mexico. The name Roybal a self-employed merchant. He chose of his business. In response to a gov or .its earlier· variants, Ruibal, to locate at Sapello where, Francis ernment survey, Goke reported that Ruival, does not occur in Spain. It is Kajencki reports, Goke purchased in 1888 his water-powered flour mill thought that the name in Galicia the store from Grzelachowski.13 had a capacity ofgrinding 30 bushels was Rubial which, in the New Mex The family story14 does not ac of wheat per day and that he had ico colony somehow became Roybal; knowledge the purchase of an exist produced 300,000 pounds of flour this probably occurred in the settle ing business; it indicates that Goke, that year.l9 In 1896 the Santa Fe ments associated with the Indian traveling from Santa Fe, stopped in New Mexican reported that "Meyer pueblos of Pojoaque and Jacona just Las Vegas and spent all his money Friedman & Bro have purchased 500 north of Santa Fe, the traditional buying supplies which he loaded on a bags of wool from Henry.Goke of Sao· seat of the Roybal family.26 wagon and took to Sapello where he pello ... worth $8,000 to $12,000 de In the 1850 census, Guillermo and acquired a small, one-room adobe pending on its quality."20 And the Micaela Roybal were living at Dolo building which he divided into living Las Cruces Democrat reported in res in Santa Fe County with their and mercantile quarters by hanging 1894 that "Last week the bodies of children, including 13-month-old a blanket over a rope strung across two freighters were found between Gumecinda; in this record Guillermo the room. To display the goods he the Conchas and Cabra Springs. declared that he was a miner. Henry had purchased, he simply turned the [They were transporting] flour that Goke and Gumecinda obviously met boxes sideways and arranged the Henry Goke was sending down to at Dolores after Henry arrived there Red River from Sapello."21 in 1864. When they married, Henry /. goods so they could easily be seen; in . . • this simple yet effective way, the He also continued to expand his was 24 and Gumecinda was 18. store was quickly open for business. land holdings. "... Henry Goke had Henry had been raised in a Lutheran Ralph Twitchell's version15 is simi obtained a deed from Aniceto Sala community in Germany, but in New lar;. he says nothing about an exist zar [a Mora Land Grantee] in May of Mexico he joined the Catholic ing store and notes that "On the 25th 1872 for a piece of property which Church of his wife and they raised of July of that year [1867], he [Goke] consisted of rolling upland mainly their children in that faith. Within a established a general store there, in suited for pasture but with some cul few months. after their marriage, vesting in that enterprise his entire tivable land. Goke's employee, John they had established a home in Sa capital of one thousand seven hun- . Taylor, testified that one of his main pello. They raised their family in dred and forty-five dollars." The sim- responsibilities included making that rural community; in later years
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Henry and Gumecinda moved into a that Goke lived in San Miguel ritory of New Mexico by Goke. This new home in nearby Las Vegas. County, the family ofDon Miguel Ro donation was of significance, given . Henry and Gumecinda Goke had mero y Baca and his wife Maria Jo the many challenges to be overcome four children who lived to adulthood; sefa Delgado y Ortiz, their children, in the founding of the institution.36 a son, Albert, and a daughter, Char grandchildren, and great-grand This legacy continues to serve the lotte, died in childhood . Son Henry children dominated Las Vegas and many thousands· who have studied was born in 1870, followed by a San Miguel County's business, poli and worked at New Mexico High brother, Emanuel, in 1872, sister tics, and society. Throughout the last lands University over the ensuing Sara in 1874, and, finally, Christo decades of the nineteenth century century and more. pher Alejandro in 1893. The Goke and the early decades of the twenti Henry Goke Becomes a Banker children grew up in Sapello, all mar eth, San Miguel County was domi The files of the Bank of Las Vegas ried locally, and continued to live in nated by the Republican Party and contain historical accounts which the area as adults. the· Romero family who controlled state that "during his lifetime 't 27 Henry Goke Broadens His Interests, En 1 . [Henry Goke] served as president of ters Politics and Becomes a Banker The San Miguel County Demo nine different banks."37 Unfortu By the mid 1880s, Henry Goke crats, though in the minority locally, nately, it has not been possible to re
had become a wealthy, well- included Ezequiel C. de Baca,28 a construct and describe this quite im • respected businessman and during member of an old and well pressive banking career. The earliest the 1890s began to expand greatly established New Mexican family, record located indicates that, in the scope of his activities and influ and Octaviano Ambrosio Larra 1884, Goke was a director of the San ence. He continued to maintain the zolo,29 a Mexican-born immigrant of Miguel National Bank of Las Ve mercantile business and agricul Italian extraction, and other note gas.38 When the Las Vegas Savings tural pursuits at Sapello. However, worthy people. C. de Baca and Larra Bank was incorporated in 1890, he also involved himself more promi zolo became the second and third Goke became a director and he be nently in the wider community and elected governors of New Mexico fol came president of the bank in 1892. began to look for new investment op lowing statehood.3D Despite the gen Also in 1892, the First National portunities. His expanded scope of eral dominance of the Republicans in Bank of Raton was chartered and, in involvement focused primarily on San Miguel County politics, the 1896, Henry Goke was its presi two new endeavors. He entered elec Democrats did win some elections. dent.39 In 1905 Goke was instrumen tive politics and he became a central Indeed, Twitchell notes that Henry tal in founding the Springer State figure in building a banking infra Goke "was several times elected to Bank4D and in 1906 he was a founder structure, long neglected in northern positions of trust and honor."31 A of the Tucumcari Trust and Savings New Mexico. sense of the campaign rhetoric ofthe Bank.41 Henry Goke was also instru Henry Goke in Politics day is available: "Taxpayers and mental in the founding of the South Henry Goke was a Democrat; his property owners, do you want a con western Metallurgical and Develop exposure to American politics un tinuance of Romeroism for another ment Company in 1906 and served doubtedly began during his early decade? Vote. for Henry Goke, a on its board of directors.42 years in Texas when that state se straightforward businessman, for Obviously, given the statement in ceded from the Union and joined the collector and treasurer." And "A vote the history ofthe Bank of Las Vegas, Confederacy in rebellion against the for Goke, for treasurer and collector, Henry Goke's banking endeavors Federal government led by Republi is a vote for the proper auditing and were more extensive than I have can President Abraham Lincoln. The checking of the accounts of the pres been able to reconstruct and docu dramatic events of the Civil War pe ent incumbent"32 Goke won the elec ment. Nevertheless, it is clear from riod and the following Reconstruc tions for treasurer of San Miguel what has been found, that in the 33 tion Era had led Texas and other County in 1894 and 1896. Also in later years of his life, Goke .was sig southern states to become over 1896, Henry Goke was named Pro nificantly extending the financial whelmingly Democratic. Perhaps his bate Judge (Juez de Pruebas,34 in and geographical scope of his inter political affiliation with the Demo Spanish, literally Judge of Proofs). ests. In doing so, he helped bring cratic Party began while he was in Perhaps related to Goke's political badly needed financial infrastruc Texas. However, that he became a activities and his enhanced position ture to towns that had never had it Democrat in San Miguel County in Las Vegas and San Miguel County and surely contributed to the pros could also have been a result of the was his role in the establishment of perity of the region. political situation existing in the lo the New Mexico Normal University, In summing up Henry Goke's'life, cal area. now New Mexico Highlands Univer Twitchell concluded that he ''became By the 1880s, Henry Goke was a sity. The university was authorized one of the wealthiest men irithe ter prominent figure in San· Miguel by the territorial legislature in 1893, ritory and in building up his various County; his accomplishments in es and after many problems and delays, business interests contributed in a tablishing himself as a prosperous money was obtained and a building large measure to the commercial and businessman with a fine family were erected for an initial entering class industrial development of New Mex- . "43 . visible and admired. It is natural in 1898. Although unmentioned in lCO . that he became active in county af Maurilio Vigil's history ofthe univer The Final Years sitY,35 the site for the original univer fairs and was asked to take a variety The 1900 census indicated that of leading roles. During the years sity building was donated to the Ter-
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Henry Goke was still residing at Sa: ing Facts of New Mexican History Miguel." True West. 20 (August pello; sometime later he acquired a "(Cedar Rapids. Iowa: Torch Press. 1973): 6-13. home in Las Vegas and moved there. 1917). IV. 251-252; Barbara J. Parrish 28. Ezequiel Cabeza de Baca. Wikipe- Although he continued his mercan: indicates that the brothers landed . dia, the free encyclopedia. .. at New Orleans. http:// boards.an 29. Life History of Octaviano Ambrosio tile and other interests at Sapello, he cestry.com/postmessage.aspx?p= . and Gumecinda were no longer there LarrazOio . and His Family. surnames./ehde&m=8· www.montes-family.com/octavi to oversee day-to-day activities. It 6. Marianne Thompson. Genealogy ano.shtml. seems likely that their adult chil message. http://boards.ancestry. 30. Larrazolo switched to the Republi dren were at that time involved in com/surnames.lehde/8.1/mb/ashx. can party before he was elected the family business interests and 7. Battle of Pleasant Hill. Wikipedia. the governor in 1918. largely took on this role. As early as free·encyclopedia.. 31. Twitchell. Leading Facts of New 1897, Goke experienced health is 8. Twitchell. Leading Facts ofNew Mexi- Mexican History. IV. 252. sues. In October of that year, the can History. IV. 252. . 32. Hearings before the Committee on Santa Fe New Mexican reported that 9. F. Stanley. The Sapello. New Mexico the Territories of the House of Repre the "Hon. Henry Goke is reported se Story.' (Nazareth. Texas: self- sentatives. House joint resolution no. riously ill at his home in Sapello."44 published. 1970). 15. 14 approving the constitutions He recovered from this illness and 10. Ibid. 4. formed by the constitutional con ", 11. Virginia Dodier. "Dr. John Mar ventions of the territories of New lived until December 28, 1911, when maduke Whitlock." http://genfo Mexico and Arizona: Government he died at age 67 at his home in Las rum.genealogy.comcgibin/page Printing Office. no. 1(April 13-29. Vegas. For an immigrant German load.cgi?new.mexico::whitlock:: 1911).136. boy who arrived in America at age 2105html. 33. Santa Fe New Mexican. November 15, penniless and speaking no Eng 12. Francis Casimer Kajencki. Poles in 11. 1894. November 27.1896. lish, Henry Goke became an amaz the Nineteenth Century Southwest 34. Neuvo Mexicano, October 24. ing success. Gumecinda lived on (EI Paso: Southwest Polonia Press, 1896. http://www.genealogybank alone another dozen years in the Las 1990) . .com. Vegas home until she died in 1.923. 13. Ibid, 85. 35. Maurilio E. Vigil. Defining ourDes She and Henry are buried side by 14. Interview with Albert Goke. tiny: The History of New Mexico side at Sapello where they raised 15. Twitchell. Leading Facts of New Highlands University (Las Vegas: Mexican History. IV. 252. New Mexico Highlands Univer their family, labored and prospered sity.1993) . for so many years. These two pio 16. Howard Lewis Conard. Uncle Dick Wootton. The Pioneer Frontiersman 36. Dale E. Gerdeman. "History of the neers, one a transplant from another ofthe Rocky Mountain Region(Chi Bank of Las Vegas. Formerly the Las culture far away, the other with deep cago: Lakeside Press. 1957).357. Vegas Savings Bank." 1965. unpub roots in Hispanic New Mexico, have 17. Twitchell. Leading Facts of New lished. and other documents from left a rich legacy-their family which Mexican History. IV. 252. the files of the Bank of Las Vegas. continues and the many positive in 18. William J. Parish. The Charles Ilfeld Appreciation is expressed to Mi fluences they made to the develop Company (Cambridge: Harvard chael Melton for these 'records. ment of northern New Mexico. University Press. 1961),59. 37. Ibid NOTES 19. Report of the Internal Commerce of 38. Las Vegas Daily Gazette. March 7. the United States. United States Bu 1884. . 1. Goke is' a difficult name for. those 39. Bankers' Magazine. 52 (1896): 237.' who do not speak German. In Ger . reau of Statistics (Treasury' Depart 40. EI Hispano Americano. (Roy. New man. the "0" carries an umlaut (two ment). Government Printing Office. Mexico), November 11. 1905. New dots above: 6) which changes its 1889.596. Mexico Digital Collection. http:// pronunciation so it sounds like the 20. Santa Fe New Mexican. November . econtent.unm.edu.index.php. "oe" in does. Also. a terminal "e" in 20. 1896. German is pronounced like the "a" 21. Las Cruces Democrat. October 3. 41. New Mexico Review. July 19. 1906. in Lisa. Thus. the German pronuncia 1894. http://www.genealogybank.com. tion of Goke is "Goeka"; American 22. Robert D. Shadow and Maria 42, EI Hispano Americano (Roy; New ears tend to hear "Goerka" al Rodriguez Shadow. "A History of the Mexicoj; July 21. 1906. P 2. New though the "r" sound is not actually Mora land Gra'nt: 1835-1916." Of Mexico Digital Collection. http:// . voiced. English-language pronun fice of the New Mexico State Histo econtent.unm.edu.index.php. ciation rules would make Goke one rian: www.newmexicohistory.org/ . 43. Twitchell. Leading Facts of New .syllable: "Gok" with a long "0" and filedetails.php?fileD=22561. Mexican History, IV. 252. a silent terminal "e". Perhaps. in rec 23. Tomas Jaehn. Germans in the 44. Santa·Fe New Mexican. October 9.. .' ognition of its foreign origin. today. Southwest.· 1850-1920 (Albuquer 1897. . que: University of New Mexico Press. the New Mexico family name is LIFE. MEMBERSHIPS " "Go-kee". . 2005). 93. by Phyllis Morgan . 2. North Rhine-Westphalia. Wikipedia. 24. Shadow and Shadow. "History of SFTA members are encouraged to .. the Mora land Grant" the free encyclopedia. upgrade their current· membership 3.Wehdem Church Records, http:// 25. United States Congressional Serial stemweder.tripod.com/wehdem. Set. Government Printing. Office. to life member when renewing for html. . 1895. Issue 1371. 116. the coming year. You may pay the 4 Interview and notes from Barbara· J. 26. Roybal. Wikipedia. the free ency full amount, $1,000, or spread the Parrish; Goke Genealogy. http:// clopedia; The Roybal Surname. payments over three years. Join our trees.ancestry.com/tree/15263409/ www.ancestry.com/facts/roybal growing number of life members and person/237402759. family-history.ashx. support your association and its. 5. Ralph Emerson Twitchell. The Lead- 27. Milton W. Calion. "The Sheriffs of San many fine programs.
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WOOD, WATER, AND GRASS: BUT THE GREATEST OF THESE IS WATER by David K. Clapsaddle [SFTA Ambassador Clapsaddle is Fe Trail replicated the Osage Trace identify was Willow Spring, 65 miles president of the Wet/Dry Routes from Franklin, Missouri, to Fort Os from Independence. En route to Chapter and a frequent contributor age. Running westward from Frank Santa Fe during the Mexican War, to WT. Thank you, David, for your re lin, the Osage Trace came to the Mis Thomas Lester Bryant with the First search and articles} souri River where passengers were Illinois Volunteers confided to his di "The essentials for a camping ferried across the Missouri River to ary on July 16, 1847, "Mter march place are wood, water and grass." the area ofArrow Rock. Not far from ing eight miles, we came to Willow Robert Morris Peck, "Rough Riding on the landing was a spring which has Spring which offers an inexhaustible the Plains: A Trooper's Story," Na become known as Santa Fe Spring. supply of the finest water."9 tional Tribune, February 28, 1901. Local lore claims William Becknell Farther west near present Over IN the trans-Mis~issippiWest, trav watered there in his 1821 expedition brook, Kansas, Marc Simmons iden elers camped in the open far re to Santa Fe. 3 tified a spring which he called Santa moved from ev'en the meager Beyond that point, the Osage Fe Spring.10 Still further west was amenities of a frontier settlement or Trace pursued the south bank of the Big John Spring located two miles \ a trading ranch, had to depend upon Missouri River to Fort Osage, west of east of Council Grove. There, at the mother nature for the elements of which were several springs identi direction of George C. Sibley, Big survival, if not comfort. The ele fied by Gregory Franzwa. Two John Walker carved Big John Spring ments requisite to any good campsite springs were located north ofpresent on a nearby oak tree during the re were three: water, grass, and fuel, Marshall, one called Indian Spring.4 survey of the Santa Fe Trail in wood or buffalo chips. If grass were Farther west was another spring 1827.11 Eighteen miles more was not abundant, oxen could subsist for Roger Slusher placed at seven miles Diamond Spring. Also during the re a period, but water was a more ur east of Lexington on his family's survey, Sibley wrote, "It may be ap gent necessity, both for man and property purchased in 1829~1830. propriately called, 'The Diamond of beast. More than a century later, the the Plains,' and so I had it marked on Campsites along overland routes Slusher Homemaker's Club pub an overhanging elm."12 were identified in itineraries called lished A History of Homes which Charles Folsom's table of 1842 tables of distances published for the stated that on the property's home identified two springs west of Dia convenience of travelers. One such stead "a very good and everlasting mond Spring: Prairie Spring, eight table published in 1858, "From Kan spring is nearby." The spring was lo miles farther, and Hook's Spring (in sas City to the Gold Field Regions of cated in Lafayette County on High prairie), another eight miles.13 Pikes Peak," listed the distances be way 24 which basically replicates the 5 Fifteen miles from Diamond tween stops and the availability of Osage Trace. West of Lexington Spring was Lost Spring. Sometimes water, grass, and fueU Though not about two and a halfmiles was Simp the spring was dry, hence its name. mentioned in this table, several trad son's Spring; and in Independence, Such was not the case on June 23, ing ranches along its route had wells; near the present National Frontier 1846, when Susan Magoffin ob and at the Little Arkansas River Trails Museum, Franzwa identified served, "And this should no longer be Ranch, the proprietors charged 25 the evidence of yet another spring called the lost spring for it is running cents for a toll across their bridge which "left a deep chasm, the route of high now."14 and ten gallons of water or 25 cents the waters which once issued from that spring."6 West of Lost Spring 15 miles was for ten gallons ofwater arid the use of Cottonwood Creek, a popular stop on a ferry.2 Several tables of distance com the Santa Fe Trail. There in 1859, .However, in most cases, water mence at Independence which super Calvin Perry Clark wrote in his was provided by streams supplied by seded Franklin in 1827 as the east March 26 diary entry, "Cottonwood run off. In some' cases, especially ern terminus of the Santa Fe Trail. Creek cotton wood and water. Spring during spring, water could be found John Bingham's 1848 table which hundred rodds up the creek from the in buffalo wallows or an occasional originates four miles north of the crossing."15 . city, for all practical purposes, be pond. Otherwise, water came from No other spring along the Santa gins at Independence.7 Not identi springs, called live water. Such wa Fe Trail was given notice west of Cot ter, fresh and clean, was far prefer fied by Bingham or any other con temporary source, Cave Spring is tonwood Creek until the' Little Ar able to that found in streams often kansas River. There, Charles Post muddied by sudden runoffs, tainted situated 10 miles southwest of Inde pendence. Located in the present paused in May 1859. He and his com by alkali, and near crossings spoiled panions used the .ferry and filled by animal waste. In addition, water William M. Klein Park, it was marked by the Missouri Daughters their water kegs "at a spring above located in languid pools was more of one-fourth mile."16 ten than not tepid, if not unagreea- of the American Revolution with one . bly warm. In contrast, spring water of their familiar red granite monu Bingham did not identify' any other spring west of the Little Ar was cool. ments and placed on the Register of kansas River until the Santa Fe This study is devoted to springs Historical Places. Regardless, the site has no historic documentation.s Trail reached the Cimarron Route. along the Santa Fe Trail and its aux However, east ofthe Cimarron cross- iliaries. 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ing, five miles west of the_Arkansas remains except a bridge with four close to Wagon Mound. Once again River's south bend, was a spring lo sides showing the outline of walls Marcy was parsimonious with his cated by William Quesenbury in which were of sod." words, "Wood brought'froni Rio 1850. He wrote, "Passed a large A comparison ofthe two sites is in Ocate."24 The last spring in Bing- spring some forty yards to the left of structive: (1) The so-called Black .ham's table was Bernal Spring six the road." He further stated, "A great Pool is located about 49 miles from miles beyond Tecolote. Josiah Gregg many names are carved on the rock. Pawnee Fork. Crescent Pool was referred to it as Ojo de Bernal We learned from the inscription the about 68 miles from Pawnee Fork. Spring.25 It might have escaped his ox team company had passed here on (2) The Black Pool inscription is tory's notice if the Colorado troops of the 17th," James Mitchell with the dated 1843. The Crescent Pool in Colonel John Slough had not camped ox team company led by Captain Ed scription was carved in 1859. (3) The there on March 25, 1862, short days monson did not reference the spring Black Pool inscription speaks to E. before engaging a Confederate force but did mention the rock where Post. The Crescent Pool inscription at Apache Canyon and Glorieta members of the company left their was the work of Charles Post. Pass.26 , names. This is the same location de Who then was E. Post andwhat is To . the west of the Cimarron scribed by Joseph Gleason' on May the origin ofthe Black Pool name? As Crossing, the Bent's Fort Road 13, 1860, in abbreviated language: to the latter, Franzwa speculated (MQuntain Route) ran along the ,I "Waterfall pond, 10 or 12 ft. I cut my that the pool "has a dark coloration north side Of the Arkansas River to name, date, year." Gleason's descrip due to the underlying strata of black Bent's Fort. At that point, it turned tionis somewhat in keeping with the shale." As to the identity of E. Post, southwest 40 miles to the. Iron present appearance of the site. The one might surmise that someone Spring Station so named for the me· most significant difference is that knowing of the Crescent Pool in tallic taste ofthe water. P. G. Scott, Gleason's signature does not remain scriptionincised.the "Black Pool" sig~ who stopped at the station in 1870, but carved in the sandstone is a rec nature with a deceitfully similar in wrote, "The water had not a very tangular border containing "Black scription.17 good taste, but it was clean and cool Pool Dis by E. Post 1843." Other West of the Crescent Pool loca and on the whole was the best drink I names do remain, some too faint to have got since Lawrence [Kansas)."27 read. Gregory Franzwa opined that tion,the Santa Fe Trail crossed the Arkansas to follow the Cimarron From Iron Spring, the road contin most ofthe names "are from the post ued southwest to cross Raton Pass, trail era." At some time; someone Route southwest to Lower Spring, the first ofthree springs which popu and continued on to merge with the scribed the Black Pool inscription to Cimarron Route at the junction of a pronounced depth and stained the lated the Cimarron River. Lower Spring,60 miles from the crossing, the Mora and Sapello Rivers near characters, with a dark material. present Watrous, New Mexico. En Resultantly, the inscription is well became known as Wagon Bed,Spring late in the time of the Santa Fe trade route, there was a single spring at defined in comparison to the other the southern side of Raton Pass nearby names. when a resourceful traveler sank a wagon bed in the spring's basin to called Willow Spring. There, in 1868, What then" must be the truth of create a reservoir.l8 Middle Spring, Smith.A. Sayers established a forage Black Pool? The answer might be in 30 miles. upstream, appears in station for the army.28 another inscription documented Captain Randolph Marcy's 1859 ta Other.routes of the Santa Fe Trail some i 9 miles' west of the Black Pool ble in a brief notation, "No wOOd."19 were blessed with springs, particu site. On June 5, 1859, Charles Post Upper Spring, 35 miles farther larly the Aubry Route pioneered by confided to his diary, "We concluded southwe.st, was described by Josiah Francis X. Aubry in 1851. On a sec to travel until noon as we did not Gregg as "a small fountain breaking ond attempt to locate a better road have large enough range for our cat into a ravine that declines towards from the present Oklahoma panhan tle; Quite cool, pleasant driving. Our the Cimarron some three or four dle to the Arkansas River, he pur road led up on the high land in conse miles to the north."20 The spring was sued a route from Cold Spring to a quence of the bluffs running down to located a short distance form the point about eleven· miles west of river, which is rarely the case on the Trail; at some unknown time, a Chouteau's Island. Near there, adja north side of river, but on south side thoughtful traveler mounted a flag cent to the Bent's Fort Road where the sand hills for a great portion of there so others could find their way Fort Aubry was established in 1865, the way lead into river.' I was riding to water. Hence, the name, Flag was a substantial spring which came ahead of train and found a beautiful Spring.21 to be called Aubry Spring.29 pool in a basin some thirty feet lower than the top ofbluffwith an outlet to Twenty more miles was Cold At the other end of Aubry's Route the river. I have not yet seen any Spring in the present Oklahoma is Cold Spring, previously discussed where an account of this poo,l, so I panhandle where the Aubry Route in relation to the Cimarron Route. began. Captain Marcy was stingy in named it Crescent Pool; it is about The present appearance of Cold his description of the setting, "A tree seventy-five miles from Pawnee Spring, green and lush, belies the here and there."22 Beyond Cold Fork. I carved my name and address harren description given by Marcy. Spring 32 miles was Cottonwood Two other springs have been identi in the rocks, also the name ·of the Spring which Marcy labeled Cotton fied on Aubry's Route, Upper Spring, pool; it is a beautiful spot. We en camped at eleven o'clock for day and wood Creek. Again, his description is previously discussed, and the water brief, "No water."23 Ninety-five miles source in present Baca County, Colo night at old Fort Atkinson, nothing distant was Santa Clara Spring, rado, called Five Mile. Water Hole. If
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this basin on Bear Creek provided a various railheads of the Union Pa Cavalry detachment in August 1874, constant flow of water, 'it was surely cific Railway, Eastern Division, to situated eight mil'es northeast of fed by a spring, run off water being connect with the established route of present Kiowa, Colorado.36 scarce in that part of the county.30 the Santa Fe Trail at several points. This study had a threefold pur In pre-territorial Kansas, another As such, for brief periods, each be pose: (1) to recognize the importance road, largely unknown, ran south came the eastern leg of the Santa Fe . ofsprings as a major water source for from Fort Leavenworth to cross the Trail. The first was the Fort Riley Santa Fe Trail travelers, (2) to iden Kansas River at Grinter's Ferry and Fort Larned Road running 120 miles tify the location of the springs, and continued on to strike the estab southwest from Junction City to (3) to establish the designation by lished route of the Santa Fe Trail at Walnut Creek. Barlow and Sander which these water sources were Round Grove, later called Lone Elm. son established a number of stage known during the historic period. stations on· this route in 1866, in This road was first used by Captain. . Bingham's table with a single excep William Wickliffe's escort in 1833 en cluding Well's Ranch on Plum Creek. tion referred to springs in the singu route to meet up with the spring Lieutenant M. R. Brown, engineer lar. Other tables such as the Dyer trade caravan from Independence. with the 1867 Hancock Expedition, Carleton Table of 1846-1848 never Four years' later, Colonel Henry noted that at that location the creek used the plural' springs, always Dodge, returning from his expedition was dry in the summer but that wa spring.37 The same could be said of \, to the Rocky Mountains, pursued a ter could be obtained from a nearby Charles Folsom's 1842 table and the similar course from a point east of spring.32 This was the only spring table compiled by Josiah Gregg.38 Round Grove to Fort Leavenworth. noted on the Fort Riley - Fort Larned . Randolph Marcy's table'and Ken The route was enhanced by the es Road except Sand Spring, three drick's 1849 table followed suit.39 tablishment of the Fort Leaven miles west of Abilene as recorded in There are some exceptions, ofcourse, worth Military Road in 1837. Repli the Junction City Union, August 4, to this generalization, as previously cating the road to Round Grove for 1866. cited. . the first 29 miles, it veered to the The Union Pacific Railway push One could conclude that in the his southeast to follow the Kansas/Mis ing westward established other rail toric period, spring was the gener souri line southward. The more ex heads at Fort Harker, Hays, and Phil ally accepted designation for this tensive use of the road to Lone Elm Sheridan. The Southern Overland type of water source. Regardless, came with the advent ofthe Mexican Mail ·and Express Company chose within the general public' and even War when supply trains and troop not to establish headquarters at She some writers of note, springs has movements plied the road in large ridan, but rather at Pond Creek, crept into the nomenclature of fron numbers. One such troop movement about 15 miles to the west, the site of tier references. Especially is -this was that of the First Illinois Volun a former Butterfield Overland Des true with regard to towns estab teers in 1847. Included in the regi patch station. Six stations were es lished adjacent to historic spring ment was Ben Wiley of Company B, tablished on the route which ran sites. The Gum Spring site on the a 26-year-old private. His diary south from Pond Creek to Fort Lyon Fort Leavenworth - Lone Elm Road speaks several times ofsprings along on the Bent's Fort Road. Among became the location of Gum Springs the road. Leaving Fort Leavenworth, these stations was Kiowa Springs, in early Johnson County. Other ex his company marched to the present named for its nearby water source. amples include the Kansas towns of site of Buffalo Bill Park in Leaven The reader may notice springs, plu Willow Springs, Diamond Springs, worth. There Wiley recorded, "a good ral, as opposed to previously men and Lost Springs. Sadly, even some spring with plenty of water." Mter a tioned water sources called spring, devotees ofthe Santa Fe Trail do not 14-mile march, the company camped singular.33 make a distinction between the his: at Gum Spring. Continuing on, the At the same 'time .the Union Pa toric designation of spring and the company crossed Nine Mile Creek cific/Kansas Pacific was pursuing an modern invention' of springs. Per and veered southeast eight miles to east-west course across Kansas, the haps, this study will help in this re another campsite named. Gum Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Rail spect. Spring. Mter being ferried across the road was laying tracks in a south Notes Kansas River, the men marched four west orientation across the state, 1. "Table of Distance From Kansas City miles to what Wiley characterized as reaching the end-of-the-tracks town To The Gold Regions of Pike's Peak," "one of the finest springs I ever saw." named Granada in Colorado Terri Western Journal of Commerce, There were; in fact, six or seven tory in 1873.34 From there, freight Kansas City, MO, November 6, 1858, springs in the immediate area. Re was shipped to Fort Union on what as published in Louise Barry, "The gardless, the location was known as became known as the Granada - Fort Ranch at Walnut Creek Crossing," Gum.8pring, not Gum Springs. This Kansas Historical Quarterly 37 (Sum Union Road or the Military Freight mer 1971): 136ft. spring, as well as the other two pre Road. John Metcalf, a freighter, re viously identified as Gum Spring, 2. Louise Barry, "The Ranch at Little Ar corded in his 1874 diary the names of kansas Crossing," Kansas Historical were so named for a "gum" hollowed two springs, Kiowa and Chico, both Quarterly 38 (Autumn 1972): 289 .. from the bole of a gum tree to serve located between the Cimarron River 3. Gregory M. Franzwa, The Santa Fe as a water reservoir. Gum was the and the Rock Crossing of the Cana~ Trail Revisited (st. Louis: The Patrice given designation for such a trough dian.35 A third water source called Press, 1989), 11-13. regardless of the tree's specie.31 . Willow Springs was the campsite of 4. Ibid, 17. . Other roads emanated from the Major A. J. Alexander and his 8th 5. Letter from Roger Slusher, May 15,
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2008. Wagon Tracks 4 (November 1989): Trail are weak), some with little or 6. Franzwa, Santa Fe Trail Revisited, 21, 18. no relation to the Trail, and repeats 31. 29. Eugene P. Burr, "A Detailed Study of myths and misinformaiion. There is 7. "Tables of Distances on The Santa Fe the Aubry Cutoff of the Santo Fe confusion about which Indian tribes Trail (Kansas Section) From Inde Trail and Fort Aubry," The Emporia were located along the Trail (on p. 1, State Research Studies 23 (Summer pendence, Mo.. " John A. Bingham, for example, the Navajo and Arikara 1848, as published in Louise Barry, 1974): 21-22. The Beginning of the West (Topeka: 30. Ibid, 43. are included but no mention of Chey Kansas State Historical Society, 31. David K. Clapsaddle, "The Fort enne, Arapaho, Apache,' or Kiowa). 1972),814. Leavenworth - Round Grove/Lom:i Lewis and Clark,are ITientionedsev 8. Franzwa, Santa Fe Trail Revisited, 33. Elm Road: The Army's First Link to the eral times, but the importance of Ze 9. Bingham; Thomas B. Hall, Medicine Santa Fe Trail," Wogan Tracks 8 (No bulon M. Pike is missing even on the Santo Fe Trail (Arrow Rock: vember 1993): lO-13. though he was a major figure in Friends of Arrow Rock, 1986). 28. 32. David K. Clapsaddle, "Conflict and sparking interest that led to the lO. Marc Simmons, Following The Santo Commerce on the Santa Fe Trail: opening of the Trail. The mention of Fe Trail (Santa Fe: Ancient City Press, The Fort Riley - Fort Larned Road," Pike in '1809" (p. 48) should be in 1984),77. Kansas History 16 (Summer 1993): 1807. ' 11. Kate L. Gregg, ed.. The Rood To 124-135. Santo Fe: The Journal and Diaries of 33. David K. Clapsaddle, "The Fort Wal There are errors that any good , George Champlin Sibley (Albuquer lace/Kit Carson-Fort Lyon Roads," proofreader should have caught. In que: University of New Mexico Press, Wagon Tracks 8 (February 1994),,11. reference to "ball and patch" from a 1995),185. Springs is also used to denote the rifle, p. 63, the author says the patch 12. Ibid, 272. water source cited in note 36. was the bullet. On same page, any 13. Charles J. Folsom, Mexico in 1842 34. Morris F. Taylor, First Moil West: one should know that mules, all hy (New York: Wiley and Putnam; Rob Stagecoach Lines on the Santo Fe brids unable to reproduce, were not inson Pratt and Co., 1842), 133-13'4. Trail (Albuquerque: University of the "basis for the famous Missouri 14. Susan Shelby Magoffin, Down the New Mexico Press, 1971), 162. mule stock." The donkeys brought Santo Fe Trail and into Mexico: The 35. Richard Louden, "The Military from New Mexico for breeding were Freight, Road," Wagon Tracks 7 Diary of Susan, Shelby Magoffin, that "basis." Please see article about 1846-1847, ed. By Stella M. Drumm (May 1993): 8. (1926; reprint, Lincoln: University of 36. Ibid, 9. mules in this issue. There were no Nebraska Press, 1982),23. ' 37. "Tables of Distances On The Santa wagons on the Trail in 1821" nor 15. Calvin Perry Clark, "The Diary & Fe Trail, (Kansas Section) From Fort caravans in 1822 (p. 68). There is Journal of Calvin Perry Clark," True Leavenworth,"Dyer-Carleton, 1846 much misinformation about Bennet Diaries (Denver: Denver Public Li 1848, Barry, Beginning of the West, Riley and the story of"the Caches" is brary, 1962), 5. 815. incorrect (p. 70)., William Becknell 16. Barry, "Ranch at Little Arkansas," 38. "Tables of Distances On The Santa did not traverse Raton Pass (pp. 81, 289. Fe Trail (Kansas Section) From Inde 87), as any serious reader of Wagon 17. David K.C1apsaddle, "Black Pool: pendence, Mo.," Josiah Gregg, Tracks would know. Most of the wag Real or Ruse?," Wagon Tracks 21 1844, Barry, Beginning of the West, ons used on the Trail were not Con 814. (August 2007): 7-9. estogas. There were no stagecoaches 18. William E. Brown, The Santo Fe Trail 39. "Tables of Distances On The Santa Fe Trail (Kansas Section) From Fort on the Trail prior to the Civil War. (St. Louis: The Patrice Press, 1988), Chav~z, 113. . Leavenworth,"Kendrick, 1849, Barry, Antonio Jose murdered on Beginning of the West, 815. the Trail in 1843, is identified as 19. Randolph B. Marcy, "From Fort , , , Leavenworth to Santa Fe, by the BOOK REVIEW "Antonio Charvis" (p. 124). ' way of the upper ferry of the Kansas (continued from page 13) There are some stories with no River and the Cimarron," The Prairie foundation in fact. The members of Traveler: A Handbook For Overland the SFTA and Wagon Tracks. For ex wagon trains did not escape ample, Barile states, p. 36, that the Expeditions (Williamstown, Massa tornadoes by digging ditches and chusetts: Corner House Publishers, number of men accompanying William , ' ' 1859), 260-261. Becknell to Santa Fe in 1821 is "a mys driving the wagons into them, "then 20. Josiah Gregg, Commerce of The tery," which would be no mystery had chain the wagons together for Prairies (1844; reprint, Norman: Uni she read Pedro Ignacio Gallego's diary greater protection" (p. 94). Apparc versity of Oklahoma Press, 1954), 61. in' Wagon Tracks (November 1992). elitly not, knowing that Westport 21,. Brown, Santo Fe Trail, 119. Also, the author seems 'not to have Landing and the town of Westport 22. Marcy, Prairie Traveler, 262. consulted Louise Barry's Beginning of are oli the right bank ofthe Missouri 23. Ibid. the West, which is filled with material River, the author states that, after '. 24. Ibid. from primary sources about the early goods were, transferred from 25. Gregg, Commercf: of the Prairies, history of the Trail. She appears un steamboats to wagons at Westport: 217. able to judge between the best and the "The wagons and goods were then 26, Leo E. Oliva, Soldiers on the Santo worst of secondary sources about the transferred to ferries and crossed the Fe Trail (Norman: University of Okla Trail. Missouri River to Kansas territory" homa Press, 1967), 133-139. The volume includes a wide vari (p. 119). This is incredible. One does 27. P.. G. Scott, "A Diary of a Freighting ety of material (much of the text wonder how someone with so little Trip From Kit Carson to Trinidad in understanding of Trailliistory could ,1870," The Colorado Magazine 8 about general Missouri history and (July 1931): 150. folklore'is good', as are some biogra get such erroneous informati9n pub 28. Nancy Robertson, "Letter to Editor:~ phies, while the details about the lished.
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• TRAIL TROUBADOUR Assume·their share of the trail's work shudder . and hardships. From tip to tip, and as if the ponder -Traffic in Verse ous head Sandra M. Doe, Editor We made up two hunting parties A dozen or fifteen men in each; Were dragging the rest of him down, This column continues "Santa Fe, Boggs leading one a couple miles he sank to his knees, Santa Fe" by Albert Edmund Tromb Up from the river, Jean-Pierre the other Rolled over on his side. ly. In Part IV readers are treated to a Along the bank; for so we thought to We stole up, buffalo hunt. drive Lay behind him, making his body a Buffaloes running from either party screen SANTA FE, SANTA FE For us and a rest for our guns. IV Within range of the other. We scat- tered as we went; The second bull, Past middle June when we camped Jean-Pierre on Ashlock's horse; Still out of range but coming nearer, By the great bend the Arkansas I beside him keen for my first kill. Seemed unaware of what had hap makes, sweeping . He to see me make it. pened Sharply southeast after a ,long The grass was long Though he must have heard the crack Northeasterly run. The difficult days But sparse and tufted, not thick of my rifle. Just past, fording the Little Arkansas, enough But so it is with buffaloes; I've seen it Cow Creek, Walnut Creek had left To hide a hunter, much less his horse. Many times. If he keep in the wind's Mules and oxen much in need of rest. Buffaloes, when few, will keep their lee \ And they get not the slightest whiff of • So came the eagerly awaited chance heads, him, For buffalo hunting. Not be confused and mill about as An ambushed hunter can slaughter Buffaloes too when several Have scouts They darken the plains; and at the first Without stampeding the herd. At the seasoned bulls pushing ahead alarm sound of his gun Looking for grass and water. Will turn and run, and only an expert A few may raise their heads, look Days before hand about, . We had sighted the first of them And mount can follow; and even such 1 See nothing amiss, resume their graz- heading east a hunter I Ing .. Lured by the grass which is deeper, Rarely has more than one fair shot. Without seeming to notice that one of tenderer Half an hour from camp we met a dry their number Than theirs of the upper plains. Two or Creek-bed that cut the river-bank Has fallen beside them. Sometimes three Clean to the water's edge. The many even Killed by the hunters made our trigger and fresh fingers The very one that is shot continues to Tracks were proof that here the buffa feed Itch, whetted our appetites for more. loes Until from loss of blood he drops to his Days and weeks of no fresh meat Came to drink. We left our horses hob- knees But antelope and the long-legged bled . And dies. hare By the river. Ourselves lay in wait Of the plains I must shoot again; Jean-Pierre Behind the creek-bed bank. In the Would have his chance later; wanted antelope tastes like mutton plain to show me Sticks in your craw We could count a score of buffaloes How to hunt on horse. and you hanker for beef. or more , The second bull Now that the buffalo has gone forever, Scattered because of the scattered Gone with the plains, gone with the Was now even closer than the first tufty grass; had been; Indians, And two, much nearer. than the rest. But my aim not nearly so good. He Gone with the old frontier, gone with Closer and closer one came, turning, staggered' . the trail, Stopping for a tuft here, another At the shot but regained his footing You will never know what buffalo was there, with a jump and grunting , like. But clearly bent on coming down to . And snorting came on at full tilt To' have eaten a mouthful of the drink. stringy stuff . As if untouched, when. a rod away, "Wait till I give you the word," Jean He stumbled, 'rolled heels over head Sometimes marketed Pierre And lay stiffening almost touching the an old bull Cautioned. "Wait till he raises his first. Remnant of a dying herd head; and remember: is one thing; Shoot low. A buffalo's heart is almost We led our horses up the river-bed Quite another to glut an appetite, As low as his knees." A fine bull he was; A half-mile, scrambled up the bank Keen for the whet of the plains, with Plump and looking larger to me then And found ourselves within a hundred the tenderest cuts Than he might now. At fifty or sixty yards Of fat young cows and calves chosen yards Of a little herd of ten or a dozen graz From hundreds and eaten soon after He stopped again. A cry from Jean Ing the kill. Pierre; Unsuspectingly. Jean-Pierre I've seen sickly men given up He threw up his head exposing his . Was off. I following. With the first alarm By doctors chest. The buffaloes, keeping close together, so weak they must lie in the wagons And I fired. Up he leaped, came down Ran, faster and faster as we ap At first Stiff-legged, tail taut and high, proached. . regain their health on buffalo broth And stood there shaking his great But the mounts we rode were faster And meat and thigh-bone marrow shaggy , still; sweeter Head, pawing the earth, spouting And Jean-Pierre's horse was a thing to Than sweet cream butter blood see: and within a week From mouth and nostrils; then a violent Keen for the sport as a hunter, a
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hound ,tours by reservation. PO Box 287 Trained for deer, ,he cut a cow from • The site is a Santa Fe National Trail Cleveland NM 87712 the herd, Interpretive Center. Telephone: 575-447-2646 ' Crowded her flank to flank, making . Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site E-mail: [email protected] her veer 35110 Highway 194 East ' Website: angelfire.com/folk/rollermill And fall a bit behind; and nosing her La Junta CO 81050 ' • Call for information. out Telephone: 719-383-5010 Coronado'Quivira Museum Gave.his rider the chance to swing in E-mail: [email protected] Rice County Historical Society the saddle, Website: www.nps.gov.beol 105 West Lyon- Take aim at her vitals and bring her • Hours: 9 a.m.-4:00 p.m. daily. Ori Lyons KS 67554 down. entation film and self-guided tours.', Telephone: 620-257-3941 Galloping on, reloading as he went, • Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, E-mail:[email protected] Jean-Pierre made a second kill. , and New Yea'r's Day. • Call for information: I too tried a running shot; but whether • Visit the trade room' & bookstore. Fort Larned National Historic Site' Wide of the mark by a collar-bone or 1767 K-156 Hwy' • a mile Boggsville Historic Site Larned KS 67550 ' I'll never know; the last I saw of the PO Box 68 Telephone: 620,285-6911 mark Las Animas CO 81054 Website: www.nps.gov/fols It was topping a knoll, I far behind. Telephone: 719-456-1358 • Open daily, 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m., ex- E-mail: [email protected] cept major holidays. THE CACHES Website: www.bemtcounty.org/sites Fort Union National Monument -MUSEUM NEWS andcelebrations/historic/htm PO Box 127 ' ' Paula Manini, Editor • Contact for information. Watrous NM 87753 This column lists events and n~'Ys Boot Hill Museum Telephone: 505-425-8025 Front Street E-mail: [email protected] from Trail sites, museums, and re Dodge City KS 67801 lated organizations. Please send in Website: www.nps.gov/foun Telephone: 620-227-8188 • Open daily except for major holi formation following, the format be~ E-mail: [email protected] low. Be sure to include your address, days. Located 8 miles north ofInter Website: www.boothill.org state 25 on'NM Highway 161. phone number, and e-mail. The next • Boot Hill Cemetery, Boot Hill, &. • Self-guided interpretive trails (1.6 column will list hours and activities Front Street:Open Monday-Satur mile and .5 mile) through the ruins. scheduled for March through May. day 9:00-5:00 and Sun. 1:00-5:00. Guided tours by request; groups of To be included, send information to •.Santa Fe Trail Ruts nine miles west ten or more people need advance Paula Manini at the Trinidad His of Dodge City on·US Hwy 400; reservations. tory Museum (see below) by markers and observation point.• Friendsof,Arrow Rock Open during daylight hours. " February 15, 2011. Also, please send 309 Main Cimarron Heritage Center Museum news and changes regarding e-mail Arrow' Rock MO 65320 1300 N Cimarron Telephone: 660-837-3231 addresses, contact information, and PO Box 214 open hours. E-mail: [email protected] Boise City OK 73933' Websites: wwwJriendsar.org; www.ar A. R. Mitchell Museum of Western Art Telephone: 580-544·3479 rowrock.org 150 East Main St E-mail: museum@ptsLnet • Call for information. Trinidad CO 81082 Website: www.ptsi.net/users/museum Gas and Historical Museum Telephone: 719-846-4224 • Open Monday-Saturday, 10 a.m.-12 Stevens County Historical Society E-mail: [email protected] p.m. and 1-4 p.m., except major holi PO Box 87 • Western art by Trinidad native A. days. Hugoton KS 67951 R. Mitchell and his friend Harvey •A chapel is available for meetings; Telephone: 620-544-8751 Dunn, plus Hispanic folk art, Indian special programs, and rental E-mail: [email protected] artifacts, and cowboy gear. . everits. G~oup • Call for information. ' • tours by appointment in the Cimarron Recreation Area Herzstein Memorial Museum winter. Cim~rron National Grassland Union County Historical Society Arrow Rock State Historic Site PO Box 300, PO Box 75 (2nd & Walnut Sts.) Friends of Arrow Rock 242 E Highway 56 Clayton NM 88415 PO Box 124 Elkhart KS 67950 Telephone: 575-374-2977 Arrow Rock MO 65320 Telephone: 620-697-4621 • Call for information. E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 660-837-3231 or 3330 Highway of Legends Scenic & Historic E-mail: [email protected] Website: wwwJs.feci.us/r2/psicc/cim " Byway Websites: www.arrowrock.org; • Call or visit the web site. ", PO Box 377 ' www.mostateparks.com/arrowrock. Citizens Committee' for Historic Preser- Trinidad CO 81082 vation ' htm Telephone: 719-846-7217 • Contact for information. 127 Bridge Street Website: www.sangres.com Barton County Museum & Village PO Box 728 • Enjoy spectacular scenery, historic PO Box 1091 Las VegasNM 87701 towns, and museums along High Great Bend KS'67530 Telephone: 505-425·8803 way 12. Stop at Marion and Richard Telephone: 620-793-5125 E-mail: [email protected] Russell's beloved Stonewall and the Website: www.bartoncountymuseum Website: www.lasvegasnmcchp.com cemetery. .org • Call for information. • From Cordova ·Pass trailhead, hike • October-April: Tuesday-Friday, 10 Cleveland Roller Mill Historical Mu in the Spanish Peaks Wilderness a.m.-5 p.m. Call for visiting on seum Area and experience Trail land- weekends and Mondays. Group
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marks up close. • Trading Post: online at website. Telephone: 719-846-7217 Historic Adobe Museum Las Vegas Museum E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 909 (300 EOklahoma) 727 Grand Ave Website: www.coloradohistory.org Ulysses, KS 67880 Las Vegas NM 87701 • Bookstore open Wednesday-Satur Telephone: 620-356-3009 Telephone: 505-454-1401; ext. 248 day, 10 a.m.-4 p.m., and Monday E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Saturday on December 1-23. • Call for information. • Call for information. • Everything else closed for mainte Historic Trinidad Morton County Hist. Society Museum nance and construction projects. City of Trinidad Tourism Board 370 E Highway 56 (PO Box 1248) Call for an update. PO Box 880 Elkhart KS 67950 Trinidad, CO 81082 Telephone: 620-697-2833 or 4390 CAMP TALES Website: www.historictrinidad.com E-mail: [email protected]. -CHAPTER REPORTS • Trinidad's Main Street, on the Website: www.mtcoks.com/museum Cimarron Cutoff Santa Fe National Historic Trail • Visit this Santa Fe National His President Leon Ellis Auto Route, offers self-guided walk toric Trail official interpretive facil PO Box 668 • ing tours, shopping and dining in an ity, Tuesday-Friday, 1.-5 p.m., and Elkhart KS 67950 acclaimed national historic district weekends by appointment. (620) 697-2517 (home), -4321 (work) near the Purgatoire River Walk. National Frontier Trails Museum
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Hengesbaugh, who regaled the be announced. Ron Parks, Council sas. On September 22, Roger and group with infinite knowledge and a Grove, will present the program on Sandy set up the chapter display and great collection. An additional treat the influence of alcohol on the Kanza trunk at the Santa Fe Trail Food and was the private museum of Jeff's tribe during the 1800s. Officers will Wine Festival near Lexington. neighbor, Jim Jordan. Our final be elected and the annual Faye An On October 12 Roger and Sandy program this fall, on November 20, derson Award will be presented. attended the first of a series ofwork will be new SFTA President Roger Dodge City/Fort Dodge/Cimarron shops in Marshall sponsored by the Slusher portraying trader James President Jim Sherer Old Trails Regional Tourism Part Aull. Joanne VanCoevern will be 1908 La Mesa Dr nership. The group, which covers the accompanying him and we are Dodge City KS 67801 Trail area from Boonville and New (620) 227-7377 pleased that more of our members Franklin to Independence, has re will get to meet both of them. All of
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are: and how it was used.. sometime between 1862 and 1868. The Ed Miller Story - Info box in Cottonwood Crossing . During that time he reportedly was stalled at Jones Cemetery, Can President steve Schmidt hired to dig graves for nine sheep ton 1120 Cobblestone Ct herders who were murdered on the Fuller's Ranche - Info box installed McPherson KS 67460 Cimarron Route; their sheep were at the monument site southeast of (620) 245-0715 stolen. If anyone has any informa Galva
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sist with this project, please contact of the'territory oflate years. About a I' •'.CAU. Fb~ S;EAKER~/PRESENJERS --'1 Sue Thompson at
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tion, as I repeatedly observed after places we saw them also covering the Anna L. Lundgren, 5525 N Stanton wards, often draws a great quantity opposite shore. Occasionally crowds 25 E, El Paso TX 79912 ofmoisture to the surface ofthe loose of them approached so dose to our Dorothy Mercer, 404 N Young St, sand, especially in hollows amongst caravan as to threaten to occasion a Follett TX 79034 Gordon Schmidt, 10320 N Wheat St sandhills. disorder, and while the oxen of a Rd, Inman KS 67546 In this neighbourhood we first train of waggons following our Henri Vanderkolk, PO Box 3822, Las saw some single' buffaloes, their caravan were led to drink, it was . Vegas NM 87701 ' numbers increasing as we pro difficult to prevent their mixing with ceeded. Two days before, I had seen the buffaloes. During the night the I...... _...;T;.,;,;R..;..;A~IL~C_A~L-:EN_D_A_R~-----:-_I at sunrise, standing out against the bellowing of these animals was Everyone is invited to send notices rosy hue of the eastern horizon, a heard all around our camp, for this section; provide location, large black figure, which fixed by at accompanied by the howling of date, time, and activity. This is a tention until I discovered it to be a innumerable wolves which always quarterly. The next issue should ap follow buffalo herds, killing the < stray buffalo, which, for some cause pear in November, so send informa I or other, had separated from the calves, the sick, and old. tion for March and later to arrive by (to be continued) herds grazing farther west. We, how January 20, 2010. Other events are ever, saw no more of these animals IL...-.....;N:.:.:E:.:W~S listed in chapter reports. • until we reached these herds. One F;.:,T.;.,:A..;.;M;.;,:E;;,;,;M.;,;;B;.,;;;E.;.;,;RS;....._I Sept. 22-25, 2011: SFTA Symposium, evening, as our waggons were driv This list includes new member D'odge City, KS, ing along in a golden glow, we were ships received since the last issue. If suddenly surrounded by small bands there is an error in this information, LAST CHANCE STORE ON of buffaloes, which formed the com please send corrections to the editor. BREAK, NOV. 26-JAN. 8 mencement of a large herd. One of We thank you for your support. THE Last Chance Store will be un the animals was immediately pur BUSINESS MEMBERSHIP able to ship any items, except for Ron sued, and the hunter soon returned LaFonda on the Plaza, 100 E San Dulle's new book, Tracing the Santa to the camp, announcing it to be Francisco St, Santa Fe NM 87501 Fe Trail, during the above period. _killed, and asking some of our people INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP Memberships and donations will be to ride back with him and fetch the Prowers County Development, Inc., processed without interruption. carcass. Night, however, had mean 201 S Main, Lamar CO 81052 Your cooperation is greatly appreci while come on, and the animal could PATRON MEMBERSHIP ated. Please contact the LCS online not be found; nevertheless, our de Charlie & Diane LaBlanc, 10655 at
, ;•
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