DOCSLIB.ORG

Innocenzo Iii Urbs Etorbis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innocenzo Iii Urbs Etorbis ISTITUTO STORICO ITALIANO PER IL MEDIO EVO NUOVI STUDr STORrer - 55 . INNOCENZO III URBS ETORBIS Atti del Congresso Internazionale Roma, 9-15 settembre 1998 a cura ell ANDREA SOMMERLECHNER Vol. I ROMA NELLA SEDE DELL'ISTITUTO PALAZZO BORROMINI "2003 ~) . OYI')Oo. JOHN DORAN IN WHOSE FOOTSTEPS? THE ROLE MODELS OF INNOCENT ur . Innocent III has attracted more attention than most, medieval popes. Yet, in spite of this interest in Innocent, he remains something of an enigma. Kenneth Penning ton has - described him as the most inventive pope of the middle " ages, who demands centre stage in a study on the creation of ~; the papal monarchy. According to Pennington, Innocent·; "pushed the papacy in new' directions, created new justifications for the exercize of papal authority, and used older justifications in new ways. He combined hard-headed practicality with an intellectual's interest in the power and importance of ideas" (l). Moreover, Penning ton has shown that the modem interest in Innocent was more than matched by the decretalists of the thirteenth century. These normally sensible canon lawyers were beguiled by the mellifluous language with which Innocent exalted the office of pope. "Innocent's florid language", says Pennington, "caused canonists to literally wax lyrical. More importantly, it led them to make mistaken judgements" (2). The idea of Innocent as a maverick has been developed by Karlfried Froehlich, who has stated that he fundamentally changed the emphasis of the traditional exegesis of the Petrine texts, applying them solely to the pope and not to the bishops in general, thereby exercising the monopoly of exclusion. In summing up his essay on St Peter and the papal primacy, Froehlich states that "this new accent in interpretation followed the imaginative fusion of exegesis and papal ideology which characterized the work of Innocent Ill" (3). In spite of these readings of Innocent Ill, Michael Wilks warned us as long • I wish to thank the British School at Rome for its generous support of my research. (1) K. Pennington, Pope and Bishops. The Papal Monm-clIY in the Twelftll and Thirteenth Centuries, Philadelphia 1984, p. 13. (2) Ibid., p. 15. (3) K. Froehlich, Saint Peter, Papal Primacy, and tile Exegetical Tradition, 1150-1300, in The Religious Roles of the Papacy: Ideals and Realities 1150-1300, ed. eRyan, Toronto 1987 (Papers in Mediaeval Studies, 8),p. 43 (pp. 3-44). _ THE ROLE MODELS OF INNOCENT III 57 ago as 1962 that although the language he used was sometimes obscure, he was in many ways more conservative than we might think'", . ·,This combination of conservative and radical ideas is demonstrated in the sermons which Innocent was required to preach on the feast days of his predecessors. There are good reasons for dating these sermons to the years 1201 to 1205 (5). The early years of the pontificate also saw the most elaboratearengas in which high' claims for papal authority were made. In his sermons on SS Peter and Paul, Silvester and Gregory the Great, Innocent showed a similar concern for the dignity of his office. In these sermons he developed a new explanation of the development of the papacy, which was both conservative and radical, and which demonstrates why he has been seen as both the culmination of twelfth- century ecclesiology and a radical departure from it (6). ; . (4) M. Wilks, Tile Apostolicus and the Bishop of Rome, «[ourn, Theol. Studies», 13 (1%2), p.307 (pp.290-317); 4 (1%3) (pp. 311-3S4). See also M. Wilks, Chaucer and the Mystical Marriage in Medieval Political Thougllt, «Bull. John Rylands Libr,», 44 (1961-1962), pp. 489-530. (5) J. c. Moore, The Sermons of Pope Innocent 111, «Röm, hist. Mitt.», 36 . (1994), pp. 85-87 (pp. 81-120).';; c.'! I (6) For a general introduction to the development of papal primacy, see G. Glez, Ptimaute du pape, in Diet. tlzeol. caih., 13, Paris 1939, mIl.299-305; V. Martin, Pape, in ibid., 11, coll. 1885-1889; C. Morris, The Papal MonarcllY, Oxford 1989, pp.205-236; for a fuller treatment of the governmental implications of papal primacy, see L S. Robinson" The Papacy, 1073-1198, Cambridge 1990; J. Gaudemet,. Aspects de IIIprimaut« romeine du V au XV siede, «Ius Canonicum», 11 (1971), pp. 93-133; M. Maccarrone, Viearius Christi: storia del titolo papale, Roma 1952. For Innocent ill in particular, see M. Maccarrone, Chiesa e stato nella dottrina di lnnocenzo III, Roma 1940 (Lateranum, n. s, VI/3-4). From a particularly Roman point of view, see M. Maccarrone, La teologia del primate romano del secolo Xl, in Le istituzioni ecclesiastiche dellll «Societas Christiana» .dei .secdi Xl-XII, Milano 1974 (Miscellanea del centre di studi medioevali, VII), pp.21-122; idem, I fondmllenti "peirini" dei primato romano in Gregorio VII, «Studi Gregoriani», 13 (1989), pp. 55-122; G. TeIlenbach, The Church in Western Europe from tire Tenth to tile Early Twelfth Century, transl. T. Reuter, Cambridge 1993, pp. 304-347. i ' . 58 JOHNDORAN Innocent concentrated particularly on the office of priesthood (7). It was as a priest that the pope was seen most clearly 'as the type of Christ, and in order to stress this fact Innocent appealed to the past, characterizing the popes as heirs to Melchisedech, Aaron, Jeremiah, and the Jewish high priests of the Old Testament e • Throughout his pontificate Innocent used these examples to highlight the unique position of the pope in the Church, a position which formed the link between the Old Testament and the New. We should' remember, however, that the appeals which Innocent made to the past had a clear bearing on the' present. In speaking of his predecessors, he was speaking about hi mself in stressing. their unique position,' he was emphasising his own. Monsignor Maccarrone identified Innocent as one of the first theologians of papal primacy, noting, indeed, that he expounded on the primacy with such zeal that his teaching can appear repetitive, monotonous and pedantic'", However, the fact that Innocent returned to the same arguments and examples in different contexts and for diverse audiences shows us how important these ideas were to him. Innocent based the whole of his teaching on the Petrine texts, principally the Tu es Petrus(91, but his studies in Paris and Bologna had equipped him with a plethora of . examples, from both canon law and theology, with which he constructed his theology of the papal primacy. In the emphasis which he put on the position of the pope, Innocent was following the general trend of twelfth- century ecclesiologyv", The initial spur to this development (7) Y. Congar, Ecce ronstitui te super gentes et regna (Jer. 1. 10) "in Geschichte und Gegenwart", in Theologie in Geschichte und Gegenwart. M Schmaus zum sechzigsten Geburtstag, hrsg. von J. Auer - H. Volk. München 1957, pp.686- 687 (pp. 671-696); Maccarrone, Chiesa e stato (dt, n. 6), pp. 49-50. (8)Maccarrone, Chiesa e stato (dt, n. 6), p. 3. , (9) Ibid., p.3; on the Tu es Petrus see also Glez, Primauie (dt, n. 6), coll, 253-260. (10) Maccarrone, Vicarius Christi (cit. n. 6), pp.85-107i Y. Congar, . L'Eccltsiologie de S Bemard, «Anal. o-a Cisterc.», 9 (1953), pp. 136-190. THE ROLE MODELS OF INNOCENT III 59 .lay in the desire of the eleventh-century reformers to justify their elevated theory of the dignity of the papacy, and the emphasis was not theological, but juridical (11). It is striking that the papal schisms of the twelfth century did nothing to halt the advance of the theory of the juridical supremacy of the pope in the Church. Indeed, the involvement of such figures as Peter the Venerable, Cerhoh of Reichersberg, and especially Bernard of Clairvaux, in the defence of their chosen candidates, led to a faster development of the papal claims and a more ready acceptance of them (12l. This was very different from the theories of limited papal power which were advanced during the period of the Great Schism and its aftermath (13). The growing estrangement between the Greek and Latin Churches also had its part to play in the development of papal claims, not least because of the arguments which the Greeks advanced after their encounter with the uncompromising ecc1esiology of Anselm of Havelbergl'", It was the rehearsal of these Greek arguments which led to one of the first expositions of papal primacy by . Innocent III after he became pope.In his reply of November 1199 to the Patriarch of Constantinople (15) •. (ll) Maccarrone, Yicarius Christi (eit. n. 6), pp.90 and 104; Martin, Pape (eit. n. 6), colI. 1886-1889. ' (12) Maccarrone, Vicarius Christi (eit n. 6},·pp.94-104. (13) A. Black. Council and Commune. TIle Condliar Movemmt and the Fifteentll-century Heritage, London 1979, pp ..9-26. (l4) Anselm of Havelberg, Dialogus, Migne, PL 183, coll. 1139-1248, espeeially colI. 1222-1225; cfr. J. Spiteris, La ctitica bizaniina del primato romano nel secdo XII, Roma 1979, pp. 85-108; Maccarrone, Vicarius Christi (cit. n. 6), pp. 98-99, 102 ' (15) For the texts of Innocent's letters, see T. Halusöynsky], Acta lnnocen- tii PP. III (1198-1216), Cittä del Vaticano 1944 (Pontificia commissio ad re- digendum codicem juris canonici orientalis, Fontes, Sero Ill, 2), pp. 180-182 (= Reg. 11111. 1,nr. 354), pp. 187-195 (= Reg. Inn. 11,nr. 200 [209]); for the first letter of the Patriarch, ibid., pp. 547-549 (= Reg. bill. 1I, nr. 199 (208J; c. Ga- stgeber, Sprachliche lind ubersetzungstechnische Beobachtungen zu dem in den Kanzleiregistem Papst lnnocenz' Ill. uberlieferten Schreiben des Pairiarchen 10- annes X. Kamaieros von Konstantinopel, I, "Röm. hist. Mitt.», 38 [1996], pp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Beware of False Shepherds, Warhs Hem. Cardinal
    Member of Audit Bureau of Circulations Principals in Pallium Ceremony i * BEWARE OF FALSE SHEPHERDS, % WARHS HEM. CARDINAL STRITCH Contonto Copjrrighted by the Catholic Preas Society, Inc. 1946— Pemiosion to reproduce, Except on Articles Otherwise Marke^ given After 12 M. Friday Following Issue Traces Catastrophes DENVER OONOLIC Of Modern Society To Godless Leaders I ^ G I S T E R Sermon al Pallium Ceremony in Denver Cathe­ The National Catholic Welfare Conference News Service Supplies The Denver Catholic Register. We dral Shows How Archbishop Shares in Have Also the International Nows Service (Wire and Mail), a Large Special Service, Seven Smaller Services, Photo Features, and Wide World Photos. (3 cents per copy) True Pastoral Office VOL. XU. No. 35. DENVER, COLO., THURSDAY, A PR IL 25, 1946. $1 PER YEAR Beware of false shepherds who scoff at God, call morality a mere human convention, and use tyranny and persecution as their staff. There is more than a mere state­ ment of truth in the words of Christ: “I am the Good Shep­ Official Translation of Bulls herd.” There is a challenge. Other shepherds offer to lead men through life but lead men astray. Christ is the only shepherd. Faithfully He leads men to God. This striking comparison of shepherds is the theme Erecting Archdiocese Is Given of the sermon by H. Em. Cardinal Samuel A. Stritch of Chicago in the Solemn Pon­ + ' + + tifical Mass in the Deliver Ca­ An official translation of the PERPETUAL MEMORY OF THE rate, first of all, the Diocese of thedral this Thursday morning, Papal Bulls setting up the Arch­ EVENT Denver, together with its clergy April 25, at which the sacred pal­ diocese of Denver in 1941 was The things that seem to be more and people, from the Province of lium is being conferred upon Arch­ Bishop Lauds released this week by the Most helpful in procuring the greater Santa Fe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Saint Lazarus Chronicle Under the Protection of the Royal House of France
    The Saint Lazarus Chronicle Under the protection of the Royal House of France Spring 2016 Commandeur Thierry de Villejust, Grand Prior “Vers l'avant!” Knights, Dames and Confrères Grand Prior, Commandeur Thierry de Villejust; H.R.H. Prince Charles-Philippe Marie Louis of Orléans, Duke of An- jou and , Grand Master Emeritus; and Commandeur Bruce Sebree at the Chapter General in Rome As our wonderfully moving sojourn at the Order’s Chapter General in Rome now settles into inspiring memories, we must take stock of our tasks and talents as the next three years will be particularly important for the Order. Internationally, we march to- wards achieving canonical status as an Association of the Faithful, which several of our Grand Priories have already attained na- tionally. We must continue to work hard to grow our order. We must also do more to spread our message of hope, by helping those who are lost or in need. Yes, our work is fun and we are energized by our mission of mercy! So let’s give thanks for our growth in spirit, in numbers, and in our contributions to making a better world. Let’s also rejoice that our Grand Mas- ter H. E. Jan Count Dobrzenský z Dobrzenicz was admitted to the Pontifical Equestrian Order of St Gregory the Great in the rank of Knight Commander on 10 December 2016 (See Page 2 story: “St. Lazarus Grand Master, Knighted by the Pope). This was bestowed upon him for doing what he loves: pursuing justice and mercy to the call of Atavis et Armis! Commander Thierry de Villejust, Grand Prior St.
    [Show full text]
  • Life and Works of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux
    J&t. itfetnatto. LIFE AND WORKS OF SAINT BERNARD, ABBOT OF CLA1RVAUX. EDITED BY DOM. JOHN MABILLON, Presbyter and Monk of the Benedictine Congregation of S. Maur. Translated and Edited with Additional Notes, BY SAMUEL J. EALES, M.A., D.C.L., Sometime Principal of S. Boniface College, Warminster. SECOND EDITION. VOL. I. LONDON: BURNS & OATES LIMITED. NEW YORK, CINCINNATI & CHICAGO: BENZIGER BROTHERS. EMMANUBi A $ t fo je s : SOUTH COUNTIES PRESS LIMITED. .NOV 20 1350 CONTENTS. I. PREFACE TO ENGLISH EDITION II. GENERAL PREFACE... ... i III. BERNARDINE CHRONOLOGY ... 76 IV. LIST WITH DATES OF S. BERNARD S LETTERS... gi V. LETTERS No. I. TO No. CXLV ... ... 107 PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. THERE are so many things to be said respecting the career and the writings of S. Bernard of Clairvaux, and so high are view of his the praises which must, on any just character, be considered his due, that an eloquence not less than his own would be needed to give adequate expression to them. and able labourer He was an untiring transcendently ; and that in many fields. In all his manifold activities are manifest an intellect vigorous and splendid, and a character which never magnetic attractiveness of personal failed to influence and win over others to his views. His entire disinterestedness, his remarkable industry, the soul- have been subduing eloquence which seems to equally effective in France and in Italy, over the sturdy burghers of and above of Liege and the turbulent population Milan, the all the wonderful piety and saintliness which formed these noblest and the most engaging of his gifts qualities, and the actions which came out of them, rendered him the ornament, as he was more than any other man, the have drawn him the leader, of his own time, and upon admiration of succeeding ages.
    [Show full text]
  • P I T T S B U R
    rv| ro c\j PITTSBURGH OJ ir> 1 > - « h-1 H- {/) <M CL Of CT UJ 111 0 s o > t-4 ur> > 7 rv l -J CC “D >. 34 30* Established in 1844: America’s Oldest Catholic Newspaper in Continuous Publication Friday, November 4, 1994 H o m e t o w n p r ie s t A party for the catechism---------------------------------------- named a cardinal 750 gather to celebrate the truth By JAMES McCOY catechism, “we have the A rchbishop M aida is first Pittsburgh implementation of renew­ The sign outside the Monroeville al," he said. priest to receive the honor ExpoMart said, “Tatoo Convention and Cardinal Joseph Ratz- Catechism Conference." inger. prefect for the Vati­ Archbishop Adam Maida of Inside, a crowd of people whose open can congregation for the Detroit was among 30 new car­ jean jackets and backless dresses maxi­ doctrine of the faith, was dinals named Oct. 30 by Pope mized their designer flesh displays min­ charged with the project of John Paul II. gled with Catholic parents pushing baby creating the catechism. Archbishop Maida was carriages, older folks sitting and sipping Since the Second Vatican ordained a priest of the Diocese coffee, students and the occasional priest Council emphasized every of Pittsburgh by Bishop John or religious. Catholic's full, active and Dearden in 1956. He is the first And yet the people at the catechism conscious participation in Pittsburgh priest to be elevated conference had something even more the mission of the Church, to Cardinal. extraordinary to display. the catechism cannot be The pope said the new cardi­ Bishop Donald Wuerl told them that only for a select few, the nals would be formally installed the "natural law, the voice of conscience, cardinal wrote in his own at a special consistory at the and the presence of God's spirit in us, are book on the catechism.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Address Priests and Religious: Titles and Signs of Respect
    How to Address Priests and Religious: Titles and Signs of Respect Marian Therese Horvat, Ph.D. Before me are several interesting questions on how we should address priests and religious men and women sent to my desk recently by a lady. I will answer them today on the TIA website, since I think that my correspondent is not the only one with similar queries. In times past every Catholic used to know some of the simple rules that have been set aside from disuse. The general protocol was taught by sisters in grade school, but more often was learned as in osmosis from everyday practice. No one dreamed of calling Father O’Reilly by the nickname “Bill,” or, addressing Sister Margaret Mary as “Maggie.” Everyone knew you rose as a sign of respect when a priest or religious entered the room. Speaking before a gathering that included clergy or religious, a Catholic speaker as habit addressed them solemnly first. The dignified sisters inspired respect. Above, a sister teaches protocol in a pre-Vatican II Catholic classroom. But then came the tumultuous and leveling aftermath of Vatican II that spelled a death to formalities in the religious sphere. Priests, monks and sisters began to adopt the ways of a world that were becoming increasingly vulgar and egalitarian. Distinguishing titles and marks of respect were considered alienating and only for old- fashioned “establishment” people who were afraid to embrace the “signs of the times.” In the spirit of adaptation to the world, the cassock and habit were abandoned, along with the formal signs of respect paid to the persons who wore them.
    [Show full text]
  • Building in Early Medieval Rome, 500-1000 AD
    BUILDING IN EARLY MEDIEVAL ROME, 500 - 1000 AD Robert Coates-Stephens PhD, Archaeology Institute of Archaeology, University College London ProQuest Number: 10017236 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10017236 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract The thesis concerns the organisation and typology of building construction in Rome during the period 500 - 1000 AD. Part 1 - the organisation - contains three chapters on: ( 1) the finance and administration of building; ( 2 ) the materials of construction; and (3) the workforce (including here architects and architectural tracts). Part 2 - the typology - again contains three chapters on: ( 1) ecclesiastical architecture; ( 2 ) fortifications and aqueducts; and (3) domestic architecture. Using textual sources from the period (papal registers, property deeds, technical tracts and historical works), archaeological data from the Renaissance to the present day, and much new archaeological survey-work carried out in Rome and the surrounding country, I have outlined a new model for the development of architecture in the period. This emphasises the periods directly preceding and succeeding the age of the so-called "Carolingian Renaissance", pointing out new evidence for the architectural activity in these supposed dark ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol 2, No 50 Cardinal James Mcintyre Retires
    SACRAMENTO DIOCESAN ARCHIVES Vol 2 Fr John E Boll, Diocesan Archivist No 50 CARDINAL JAMES FRANCIS McINTYRE, THE WEST’S FIRST CARDINAL ANNOUNCES RETIREMENT Printed in the January 22, 1970 issue of the Catholic Herald Photo by Corbis.com Cardinal James McIntyre, Archbishop of Los Angeles James Francis Cardinal McIntyre, archbishop of Los Angeles since 1948, who is known as the archconservative of the American hierarchy, has retired according to an announcement made by the Vatican on Wednesday. Pope Paul VI accepted the resignation of the 83 year-old cardinal for reasons of age. The cardinal had served his archdiocese for eight years longer than the recommended retirement age of 75 which had been fixed by Pope Paul VI. Vatican sources announced that automatically succeeding Cardinal McIntyre as archbishop of Los Angeles, one of the largest jurisdictions in the United States, is Archbishop Timothy Manning, formerly bishop of Fresno and now coadjutor bishop in Los Angeles with the right of succession. Frequently involved in headline making disputes with clergy and religious of a liberal bent, the cardinal is praised by Catholics of many viewpoints for his consistent endeavors to raise the standard of Catholic education in his archdiocese. A native of New York, Cardinal McIntyre, who will remain a member of the College of Cardinals, will be 84 on June 25. He was named archbishop of Los Angeles in 1948 and was made a cardinal by Pope Pius XII in 1953. Cardinal McIntyre has been one of the leading conservatives in the American church, a stance which often led to controversy with liberal elements of his archdiocese.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions Of
    March 6, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks E 281 those who stayed home, for sound and con- COMMEMORATING BLACK HISTORY morrow'' I would like to pay tribute to an out- venient reasons, of course. MONTH standing St. Louisan who exemplifies the high- But the greatest lesson I have learned, the est values and qualities of leadership in the most important of my education, is really SPEECH OF African-American community, Mrs. Margaret the essential imperative of this century. It is called leadership. We brandish the word. We HON. NANCY PELOSI Bush Wilson. Mrs. Wilson is a St. Louis native who grad- admire its light. But we seldom define it. OF CALIFORNIA uated from Sumner High School and received Outside Caen in the Normandy countryside IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of France is a little cemetery. Atop one of a B.A. degree in economics, cum laude, from the graves is a cross on which is etched these Wednesday, February 28, 1996 Talladega College. She went on to earn her words: ``Leadership is wisdom and courage Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I thank my distin- LL.B from Lincoln University School of Law. and a great carelessness of self.'' Which guished colleagues, Congressmen STOKES Mrs. Wilson has been a highly respected jurist means, of course, that leaders must from and PAYNE, for calling this special order in in St. Louis for many years and is admitted to time to time put to hazard their own politi- celebration of Black History Month for choos- practice before the U.S. Supreme Court.
    [Show full text]
  • Inauguration and Political Liturgy in the Hohenstaufen Empire, 1138–1215*
    German History Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 191–213 Inauguration and political liturgy in the Hohenstaufen Empire, 1138–1215* Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gh/article-abstract/34/2/191/2605062 by University College London user on 27 January 2020 Johanna Dale I: Introduction In an important essay on ritual and royal sacrality in the twelfth century, Geoffrey Koziol commented that, ‘for all Gregory VII’s radical desacralization of royal author- ity in the Empire, in France and England the ecclesiastical reform movement’s ultimate impact on political liturgy was minimal’.1 It might seem counterintuitive to begin an essay concerned with the high medieval Empire by quoting from a study that predomi- nantly concerns England and France and makes only passing reference to the Empire. Koziol’s assertion points, however, to a relationship between liturgy and sacral kingship, and also draws attention to the comparative context in which the present study was conceived. Moreover, the assumption that the Investiture Controversy had a greater impact on the political liturgy of German monarchs than on their counterparts in England and France is prevalent in Anglophone scholarship and is a notion this essay seeks to dispel. To this end, the assumption that royal authority within the Empire was radically desacralized will be questioned. To do this a distinction between the royal and imperial inauguration will be drawn, an important distinction that has traditionally been rather blurred. Medieval commentators from outside of the Empire drew attention to the fact that German monarchs underwent more than one inauguration. Writing in the twelfth century, the chronicler Ralph de Diceto, archdeacon of Middlesex and later dean of St Paul’s in London, recorded the inauguration of Frederick Barbarossa as king of Burgundy at Arles in 1178.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rite of Sodomy
    The Rite of Sodomy volume iii i Books by Randy Engel Sex Education—The Final Plague The McHugh Chronicles— Who Betrayed the Prolife Movement? ii The Rite of Sodomy Homosexuality and the Roman Catholic Church volume iii AmChurch and the Homosexual Revolution Randy Engel NEW ENGEL PUBLISHING Export, Pennsylvania iii Copyright © 2012 by Randy Engel All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, New Engel Publishing, Box 356, Export, PA 15632 Library of Congress Control Number 2010916845 Includes complete index ISBN 978-0-9778601-7-3 NEW ENGEL PUBLISHING Box 356 Export, PA 15632 www.newengelpublishing.com iv Dedication To Monsignor Charles T. Moss 1930–2006 Beloved Pastor of St. Roch’s Parish Forever Our Lady’s Champion v vi INTRODUCTION Contents AmChurch and the Homosexual Revolution ............................................. 507 X AmChurch—Posing a Historic Framework .................... 509 1 Bishop Carroll and the Roots of the American Church .... 509 2 The Rise of Traditionalism ................................. 516 3 The Americanist Revolution Quietly Simmers ............ 519 4 Americanism in the Age of Gibbons ........................ 525 5 Pope Leo XIII—The Iron Fist in the Velvet Glove ......... 529 6 Pope Saint Pius X Attacks Modernism ..................... 534 7 Modernism Not Dead— Just Resting ...................... 538 XI The Bishops’ Bureaucracy and the Homosexual Revolution ... 549 1 National Catholic War Council—A Crack in the Dam ...... 549 2 Transition From Warfare to Welfare ........................ 551 3 Vatican II and the Shaping of AmChurch ................ 561 4 The Politics of the New Progressivism .................... 563 5 The Homosexual Colonization of the NCCB/USCC .......
    [Show full text]
  • The Young Grand Prior of the Order of Malta Archduke Wenceslaus by Frater James A
    The young Grand Prior of the Order of Malta Archduke Wenceslaus by Frater James A. Marples, VII º Life Member, Nebraska College S.R.I.C.F. ________________________________________________________ "Wenceslaus Ertz Herzog zu Osterreich" was an Archduke of Austria, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilan II and Maria of Spain. He was a German Prince of the House of Habsburg, and Grand Prior of the Order of Malta in Castile. He was born March 9, 1561. His hometown was Wiener Neustadt. He died on September 22, 1578 in Madrid, Spain. He was the eleventh child, and the 8th son (some sources say he was the 6th son) of his parents' 16 children. Nine of whom survived infancy. Wenceslaus died suddenly at the age of seventeen: one year after being appointed Grand Prior of the Order of Malta. He was buried in the Panteon de los Infantes in the Real Monesterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial. That was a historical residence of the Kings of Spain, and more significantly: the floor-plan is based on descriptions of The Temple of Solomon. It has a portico followed by a courtyard open to the sky; followed by a second portico and second courtyard, all flanked by arcades and enclosed passageways leading to "the holy of holies". Statues of David and Solomon, one either side of the entrance to the basilica of El Escorial, lend further credence that this was the origin of the design. The Temple-of-Solomon design was extensively modified to fill additional purposes of being a monastery; a pantheon; a basilica; a convent; a school; a library; and a royal palace.
    [Show full text]
  • Papal Overlordship and Protectio of the King, C.1000-1300
    1 PAPAL OVERLORDSHIP AND PROTECTIO OF THE KING, c.1000-1300 Benedict Wiedemann UCL Submitted for the degree of PhD in History 2017 2 I, Benedict Wiedemann, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Papal Overlordship and Protectio of the King, c.1000-1300 Abstract This thesis focuses on papal overlordship of monarchs in the middle ages. It examines the nature of alliances between popes and kings which have traditionally been called ‘feudal’ or – more recently – ‘protective’. Previous scholarship has assumed that there was a distinction between kingdoms under papal protection and kingdoms under papal overlordship. I argue that protection and feudal overlordship were distinct categories only from the later twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Before then, papal-royal alliances tended to be ad hoc and did not take on more general forms. At the beginning of the thirteenth century kingdoms started to be called ‘fiefs’ of the papacy. This new type of relationship came from England, when King John surrendered his kingdoms to the papacy in 1213. From then on this ‘feudal’ relationship was applied to the pope’s relationship with the king of Sicily. This new – more codified – feudal relationship seems to have been introduced to the papacy by the English royal court rather than by another source such as learned Italian jurists, as might have been expected. A common assumption about how papal overlordship worked is that it came about because of the active attempts of an over-mighty papacy to advance its power for its own sake.
    [Show full text]