Tagne Avec Une Formation Générale D’Alpinisme
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River Names As a Testament of Cultural Heritage
ONOMÀSTICA 5 (2019): 65–89 | RECEPCIÓ 28.10.2019 | ACCEPTACIÓ 28.11.2019 River names as a testament of cultural heritage (on hydronyms in the Iskar river basin) Anna Choleva-Dimitrova Department of Onomastics Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] Abstract: River names are some of the oldest -onyms on record. The article examines 170 river names from the basin of the Iskar river – the largest tributary of the Danube in Bulgaria. The origin and significance of river names emerge through the application of traditional onomastic methods – onomastic (etymological) analysis and onomastic reconstruction. Comparative onomastic data from adjacent and more distant regions in Bulgaria and the Balkans are also drawn on. Conclusions about the relative antiquity of the hydronyms are drawn. Key words: river name, hydronym, Iskar river, Danube river, tributary of a river Els noms dels rius com a llegat del patrimoni cultural (Sobre hidrònims a la conca del riu Iskar) Resum: Els noms dels rius, o topònims fluvials, són uns dels noms més antics de què es té notícia. L’article examina 170 noms de rius de la conca del riu Iskar —el major afluent del Danubi a Bulgària. Tractem d’aclarir l’origen i la significació d’aquests noms a partir de l’aplicació de mètodes onomàstics tradicionals: anàlisi etimològica i reconstrucció onomàstica. També es recullen dades onomàstiques comparatives de regions de Bulgària i dels Balcans, més properes i més llunyanes. Proposem algunes conclusions sobre l’antiguitat relativa dels hidrònims. Paraules clau: nom de riu, hidrònim, riu Iskar, riu Danubi, afluent d’un riu 1 Introduction Hydronymy is one of the most important branches of onomastics. -
Social and Economic Changes in Blagoevgrad in Connection with the Integration of Bulgaria’S to Eu
Discussion Papers 2007. Regionality and/or Locality 169-177. p. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES IN BLAGOEVGRAD IN CONNECTION WITH THE INTEGRATION OF BULGARIA’S TO EU ALEKSANDRA RAVNACHKA This research aims to demonstrate, analyze and assess the socio-economic changes in Blagoevgrad municipality in connection with Bulgaria's integration to the EU. The municipality of Blagoevgrad is located in Southwest Bulgaria and occupies an area of 628 km2. According to the regional scheme of the country, the munici- pality includes the town of Blagoevgrad and its adjacent 25 villages. The town of Blagoevgrad is situated of 100 km south of the capital city of Sofia and proximity by the Republic Macedonia and Greece. The geographical location of the munici- pality favours its development. The demographic factors have a considerable im- pact on the development of Blagoevgrad municipality. Until 1998 its population was growing but since then it has been slowly decreasing. During 1992–2001 the average annual population drop was by -0.05%. The main causes for this decline are a low birth rate, high death rate, migration, etc. In 2005 the inhabitants of the municipality were 77,183 (data source: GRAO) which constituted 23.2% of the district's population and 1.0% of the country's population (Table 1, Figure 1). Most of the municipality’s population lives in the town of Blagoevgrad. The share of urban population in the municipality is 91.2% and has the rural population – 8.7%. For comparison sake the ratio urban: rural population in the whole district is 57.2%: 42.8%. -
Translocations of European Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Citellus) Along Altitudinal Gradient in Bulgaria – an Overview
A peer-reviewed open-access journal Nature ConservationTranslocations 35: 63–95 of European (2019) ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) along altitudinal... 63 doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.35.30911 REVIEW ARTICLE http://natureconservation.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation Translocations of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) along altitudinal gradient in Bulgaria – an overview Yordan Koshev1, Maria Kachamakova1, Simeon Arangelov2, Dimitar Ragyov1 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; 1, Tzar Osvoboditel blvd.; 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Balkani Wildlife Society; 93, Evlogy and Hristo Georgievi blvd.; 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Corresponding author: Yordan Koshev ([email protected]) Academic editor: Gabriel Ortega | Received 31 October 2018 | Accepted 15 May 2019 | Published 20 June 2019 http://zoobank.org/B16DBBA5-1B2C-491A-839B-A76CA3594DB6 Citation: Koshev Y, Kachamakova M, Arangelov S, Ragyov D (2019) Translocations of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) along altitudinal gradient in Bulgaria – an overview. Nature Conservation 35: 63–95. https://doi. org/10.3897/natureconservation.35.30911 Abstract The European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) is a vulnerable species (IUCN) living in open habi- tats of Central and South-eastern Europe. Translocations (introductions, reintroductions and reinforce- ments) are commonly used as part of the European ground squirrel (EGS) conservation. There are numer- ous publications for such activities carried out in Central Europe, but data from South-eastern Europe, where translocations have also been implemented, are still scarce. The present study summarises the methodologies used in the translocations in Bulgaria and analyses the factors impacting their success. Eight translocations of more than 1730 individuals were performed in the period 2010 to 2018. -
Favorite Caching
24 Old Nessebar Tour GC2D1MG by kreo_74 16 Bulgaria Gold TB Hotel GC1GCED by IceFireForce 10 The Abandoned Sea Train Tunnel GC1JDRJ by Nord Wolf / Maintained by IceFireForce 9 Orthodox Mesembria GCXTJD by Islandia Geomatics 8 Top of the Balkans GCQXY4 by freddy 6 Bobby's cache GC1RH4D by bibobg 5 Emona GC1N8P7 by tsetsoradev, Mimi, Kami 5 Cherven Fortress GCZRJW by DarinD and Marcus in Kerry 4 Krushuna Waterfalls GC30R0K by anticuss 4 Krushuna Waterfalls #3 GC30P50 by anticuss & dkgsoft 4 The Balkan Mountains - Cape Emine GC2H2DW by ArnorsErbe 4 Ivanovo Rock Churches GC1YKTB by dkgsoft 4 One afternoon with science GC1QN8C by ludd42 4 Kaliakra Cape GC1MY36 by Tsetsoradev, Mimi, Kami 4 Pirin - Koncheto (The Horse) GC1G3K6 by Veni & Emil 4 Night in the Woods GC1CA2A by Stanislav 3 Creative #1 GC30JWH by anticuss 3 Suhi pech GC2TWH1 by bobi_4 3 The oldest tree in Bulgaria GC2EPGD by jen0andy 3 The Tramways of Sofia GC1FJYJ by IceFireForce 3 Yaila_artcache GC1F2M5 by xoxama 3 The Devetashka Cave GC1C0PY by IceFireForce & Alma 3 Bansko Cache GC17PNC by UMa & Umi 3 Cherni Vrah GCW17J by stm 2 Sveti Vlas - Stara Planina GC31J2T by Hedia 2 Krushuna Waterfalls #2 GC30P4H by anticuss & dkgsoft 2 Sunny beach sand dunes GC304KE by MatoBo 2 Ruse Mystery #5 - Mega Mall Ruse GC2ZAX by anticuss 2 Sv. Konstantin i Elena GC2MYPD by v44 2 Starosel Tracian Cult Complex GC2JDBG by mollov 2 Regina Maria GC2B1VA by amretired 2 Stoilovo waterfall GC28A66 by didorama , tedirama 2 Kukerite GC27GAZ by uzo with kamen_benz and sas 2 Reserve Ropotamo GC264HD by didorama -
About Bulgaria
Source: Zone Bulgaria (http://en.zonebulgaria.com/) About Bulgaria General Information about Bulgaria Bulgaria is a country in Southeastern Europe and is situated on the Balkan Peninsula. To the north the country borders Rumania, to the east – the Black Sea, to the south – Turkey and Greece, and to the west – Yugoslavia and Macedonia. Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic with a National Assembly (One House Parliament) of 240 national representatives. The President is Head of State. Geography of Bulgaria The Republic of Bulgaria covers a territory of 110 993 square kilometres. The average altitude of the country is 470 metres above sea level. The Stara Planina Mountain occupies central position and serves as a natural dividing line from the west to the east. It is a 750 km long mountain range stretching from the Vrushka Chuka Pass to Cape Emine and is part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain range. It reaches the Black Sea to the east and turns to the north along the Bulgarian-Yugoslavian border. A natural boundary with Romania is the Danube River, which is navigable all along for cargo and passenger vessels. The Black Sea is the natural eastern border of Bulgaria and its coastline is 378 km long. There are clearly cut bays, the biggest two being those of Varna and Bourgas. About 25% of the coastline are covered with sand and hosts our seaside resorts. The southern part of Bulgaria is mainly mountainous. The highest mountain is Rila with Mt. Moussala being the highest peak on the Balkan Peninsula (2925 m). The second highest and the mountain of most alpine character in Bulgaria is Pirin with its highest Mt. -
The Slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Agriolimacidae
POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII ANNALES ZOOLOGICI Tom 37 Warszawa, 20 X 1983 Nr 3 A n d rzej W ik t o r The slugs of Bulgaria (A rionidae , M ilacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae — G astropoda , Stylommatophora) [With 118 text-figures and 31 maps] Abstract. All previously known Bulgarian slugs from the Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae families have been discussed in this paper. It is based on many years of individual field research, examination of all accessible private and museum collections as well as on critical analysis of the published data. The taxa from families to species are sup plied with synonymy, descriptions of external morphology, anatomy, bionomics, distribution and all records from Bulgaria. It also includes the original key to all species. The illustrative material comprises 118 drawings, including 116 made by the author, and maps of localities on UTM grid. The occurrence of 37 slug species was ascertained, including 1 species (Tandonia pirinia- na) which is quite new for scientists. The occurrence of other 4 species known from publications could not bo established. Basing on the variety of slug fauna two zoogeographical limits were indicated. One separating the Stara Pianina Mountains from south-western massifs (Pirin, Rila, Rodopi, Vitosha. Mountains), the other running across the range of Stara Pianina in the^area of Shipka pass. INTRODUCTION Like other Balkan countries, Bulgaria is an area of Palearctic especially interesting in respect to malacofauna. So far little investigation has been carried out on molluscs of that country and very few papers on slugs (mostly contributions) were published. The papers by B a b o r (1898) and J u r in ić (1906) are the oldest ones. -
8 Days Hiking and Trekking Bulgaria Tour
Full Itinerary & Trip Details 8 DAYS HIKING AND TREKKING BULGARIA TOUR A well balanced program with half-day (or shorter) easy to moderate walks, offering more opportunitiesto visit also culture sites. The stress is on the Rhodope (Rodopi) Mountains (famed birthplace of mythicalmusician Orpheus), Mount Pirin (Bulgaria’s most beautiful mountain, named after the pagan Slav godPerun), Mount Rila (housing more than 200 glacial lakes and the highest peak on the Balkans – Musala,2925m) and Mount Vitosha (Bulgaria’s most popular mountain destination due to its close proximity tothe capital city of Sofia). We visit some of Bulgaria’s remotest and least-known parts, many of them untilrecently out of bounds for foreigners, and taste traditional local cuisine and hospitality. Famous sites ofcultural importance are also included: Koprivshtitsa (museum-town, housing well-preserved architecturefrom the Revival Period), Plovdiv (the second biggest town in Bulgaria), Bachkovo Monastery, RilaMonastery (the most famous UNESCO attraction in the country), Shiroka Laka (architectural reserve) etc.An exceptional kaleidoscope of beautiful caves, deep gorges, alpine meadows, glacier lakes, monasteries,and museum villages with authentic old-time architecture.The hiking program is moderately difficult and designed for people who would not be comfortable onvery long and tiring treks, who would yet like to savour the best the landscape and local culture have tooffer. Steep but short stages also occur along the trails. PRICE STARTING FROM DURATION TOUR ID € 0 € 0 8 days 22643 ITINERARY Day 1 : DAY 1 Sofia - Koprivshtitsa We meet you at Sofia Airport and transfer you to Koprivshtitsa at the foot of Sredna Gora Mountains. -
Eurospeleo Forum 2019 Is Financially Supported by Caving Club
TH EuroSpeleo 13 Forum 2019 Sofia, Bulgaria CONTENTS 90 YEARS OF ORGANIZED SPELEOLOGY The longest lava tube caves of Southeast Asia IN BULGARIA - Tan Phu and Krong No Volcanic in southern (A brief history and main achievements Vietnam .............................................................39 of Bulgarian cavers and speleology) .................5 Speleological research in Thailand, Rebuilding of the organization, founding of the 2006-2019 .........................................................40 register and the rescue team (1959 – 1979) ....8 Baishan 2018/19 - Reconnaissance expedition Towards new deeper underground horizons with to Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, NE China ....42 the SRT ............................................................10 Exploration of the caves in Banski suhodol Bulgaria in the international caving circus in North Pirin, SC Helictit - Sofia and organizations .....................................................16 SCC Akademic – Sofia ....................................43 Some significant scientific and applied Exploration of the caves in the region of the achievement of the Bulgarian speleology .......17 village of Karlukovo by the cavers of the caving club Helictit - Sofia ...............................44 Issued by: 45 YEARS OF CAVE RESCUE IN BULGARIA ...19 Recent speleological explorations in Bulgarian Federation of Speleology First Period (1964 – 1973) ................................21 NW Vratsa Mountain .........................................45 www.speleo-bg.org Second Period (1973 – 1985) -
Influence of the Solar Activity on Cave Air Temperature Regimes
“Physics of Auroral Phenomena”, Proc. XLI Annual Seminar, Apatity, pp. 168-171, 2018 Polar Geophysical © Polar Geophysical Institute, 2018 Institute DOI: 10.25702/KSC.2588-0039.2018.41.168-171 INFLUENCE OF THE SOLAR ACTIVITY ON CAVE AIR TEMPERATURE REGIMES Penka Stoeva and Alexey Stoev Space Research and Technology Institute - BAS, Stara Zagora Department, P.O. Box 73, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Caves and their evolution are influenced by solar activity as all the natural processes. The study of this influence needs constant monitoring of the air temperature and physical parameters of the cave – rock temperature, condense processes, heat exchange etc. We consider cave air temperature response to climate and solar and geomagnetic activity for four show caves in Bulgaria (latitude φ=42.50°, longitude λ=25.30°) for a period of 46 years (1968 – 2013). Everyday noon measurements in Ledenika, Saeva dupka, Snezhanka and Uhlovitsa cave have been used. Cave temperatures in the zone of constant temperatures (ZCT) are compared with surface temperatures recorded at meteorological stations situated near about the caves – in the towns of Vratsa, Lovech, Peshtera and Smolyan, respectively. The Hansen cave, Middle cave and Timpanogos cave from the Timpanogos Cave National Monument, Utah, USA have also been examined for comparison (latitude φ=40.27°, longitude λ=111.43°). It has been found that the correlation between cave air temperature time series and sunspot number is better than that between the cave air temperature and Apmax indices; that tZCT is rather connected with the first peak in geomagnetic activity, which is associated with transient solar activity (CMEs) than with the second one, which is higher and connected with the recurrent high speed streams from coronal holes. -
In Bulgaria – Plovdiv
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA International Scientific Research Journal of Ecology Special Edition 2 2019 Eight International Conference of FMNS (FMNS-2019) Modern Trends in Sciences South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, 26-30 June, 2019 UNION OF SCIENTISTS IN BULGARIA – PLOVDIV UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV PUBLISHING HOUSE ii International Standard Serial Number Online ISSN 1313-9940; Print ISSN 1314-0213 (from 2009-2015) Aim & Scope „Ecologia Balkanica” is an international scientific journal, in which original research articles in various fields of Ecology are published, including ecology and conservation of microorganisms, plants, aquatic and terrestrial animals, physiological ecology, behavioural ecology, population ecology, population genetics, community ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, parasitology, animal evolution, ecological monitoring and bioindication, landscape and urban ecology, conservation ecology, as well as new methodical contributions in ecology. The journal is dedicated to publish studies conducted on the Balkans and Europe. Studies conducted anywhere else in the World may be accepted only as an exception after decision of the Editorial Board and the Editor-In-Chief. Published by the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv and the University of Plovdiv Publishing house – twice a year. Language: English. Peer review process All articles included in “Ecologia Balkanica” are peer reviewed. Submitted manuscripts are sent to two or three independent peer reviewers, unless they are either out of scope or below threshold for the journal. These manuscripts will generally be reviewed by experts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. The journal uses the double anonymity standard for the peer-review process. -
Ecologia Balkanica
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA International Scientific Research Journal of Ecology Volume 6, Issue 2 December 2014 UNION OF SCIENTISTS IN BULGARIA – PLOVDIV UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV PUBLISHING HOUSE ii International Standard Serial Number Print ISSN 1314-0213; Online ISSN 1313-9940 Aim & Scope „Ecologia Balkanica” is an international scientific journal, in which original research articles in various fields of Ecology are published, including ecology and conservation of microorganisms, plants, aquatic and terrestrial animals, physiological ecology, behavioural ecology, population ecology, population genetics, community ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, parasitology, animal evolution, ecological monitoring and bioindication, landscape and urban ecology, conservation ecology, as well as new methodical contributions in ecology. Studies conducted on the Balkans are a priority, but studies conducted in Europe or anywhere else in the World is accepted as well. Published by the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv and the University of Plovdiv Publishing house – twice a year. Language: English. Peer review process All articles included in “Ecologia Balkanica” are peer reviewed. Submitted manuscripts are sent to two or three independent peer reviewers, unless they are either out of scope or below threshold for the journal. These manuscripts will generally be reviewed by experts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. The journal uses the double anonymity standard for the peer-review process. Reviewers do not have to sign their reports and they do not know who the author(s) of the submitted manuscript are. We ask all authors to provide the contact details (including e-mail addresses) of at least four potential reviewers of their manuscript. -
Day of the Bulgarian National Revival Leaders
Day of the Bulgarian National Revival Leaders On October 29th," Aleko Konstantinov" Primary school marked the Day of the Leaders of the Bulgarian National Revival. Students from 6th grade acquainted their classmates with the history of this holiday and its celebration. Once again, people from Plovdiv have a reason to be proud, because this day was celebrated for the first time here - in Plovdiv, in 1909. Our city has given a lot of famous Bulgarian leaders contributing to the revival movement - Najden Guerov , Hristo Danov Yoakim Dr. Chimayo, Avksentij Veleshki and others. Days dedicated to the celebration include a variety of events. Sixth graders had a meeting with Mr. Luke Stanchev, who presented the film "Bulgarian sanctuaries in Albania." Students from 5th and 6th grade organized an exhibition dedicated to the Bulgarian leaders . Elena Penisheva - the school librarian - presented books on the life and work of the Bulgarian National Revival Leaders. Daniela Gencheva - history teacher Contest " We are tolerant " Dear classmates, teachers and parents, On the occasion of November 16th - The International Day of Tolerance , we decided to organize a series of initiatives to show everyone that we accept and understand differences among people. We know how to respect, we are well-intentioned, we strive to help those in need. We believe that if you look for the good in everyone, you will find it in yourself. We decided to start our campaign with a contest for an essay or a drawing on the topic " We are tolerant ." Express your ideas in words or colours. The best works will be presented in the exhibition and on the pages of the school newspaper.